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Wu J, Xue W, Yun Z, Liu Q, Sun X. Biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive "smart" interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100998. [PMID: 38390342 PMCID: PMC10882133 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, owing to the ongoing advancements in polymer materials, hydrogels have found increasing applications in the biomedical domain, notably in the realm of stimuli-responsive "smart" hydrogels. Nonetheless, conventional single-network stimuli-responsive "smart" hydrogels frequently exhibit deficiencies, including low mechanical strength, limited biocompatibility, and extended response times. In response, researchers have addressed these challenges by introducing a second network to create stimuli-responsive "smart" Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) hydrogels. The mechanical strength of the material can be significantly improved due to the topological entanglement and physical interactions within the interpenetrating structure. Simultaneously, combining different network structures enhances the biocompatibility and stimulus responsiveness of the gel, endowing it with unique properties such as cell adhesion, conductivity, hemostasis/antioxidation, and color-changing capabilities. This article primarily aims to elucidate the stimulus-inducing factors in stimuli-responsive "smart" IPN hydrogels, the impact of the gels on cell behaviors and their biomedical application range. Additionally, we also offer an in-depth exposition of their categorization, mechanisms, performance characteristics, and related aspects. This review furnishes a comprehensive assessment and outlook for the advancement of stimuli-responsive "smart" IPN hydrogels within the biomedical arena. We believe that, as the biomedical field increasingly demands novel materials featuring improved mechanical properties, robust biocompatibility, and heightened stimulus responsiveness, stimuli-responsive "smart" IPN hydrogels will hold substantial promise for wide-ranging applications in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wu Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Zhihe Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xinzhi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
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2
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Kuroki S, Kubota M, Haraguchi R, Oishi Y, Narita T. Additive-Free Method for Enhancing the Volume Phase Transition Rate in Light-Responsive Hydrogels: A Study of Micro-Nano Bubble Water on PNIPAM-co-AAc Hydrogels. Gels 2023; 9:880. [PMID: 37998970 PMCID: PMC10671373 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-responsive hydrogels containing light-thermal convertible pigments have received interest for their possible applications in light-responsive shutters, valves, drug delivery systems, etc. However, their utility is limited by the slow response time. In this study, we investigated the use of micro-nano bubble water as a preparation solvent to accelerate the volume phase transition kinetics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNIPAM-co-AAc) hydrogels. The hydrogels were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements. The mechanical properties, surface morphology, and chemical composition of the hydrogels were analyzed by Young's modulus measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed that hydrogels prepared with bubble water changed the volume transition rate by more than two orders of magnitude by simply changing the standing time of the bubble water for only a few hours. The cooperative diffusion coefficients obtained from the light-induced volume transition kinetics correlated linearly with Young's modulus and metastable state swelling ratio. Our results suggest that bubbles act as efficient water channels, thereby modulating the response rate and providing a simple, additive-free method for preparing hydrogels with a wide range of response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Takayuki Narita
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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3
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Chong-Boon Ong, Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar. Hydrogels Responsive Towards Important Biological-Based Stimuli. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Sun J, Lu J, Li C, Tian Y, Liu K, Liu L, Zhao C, Zhang M. Design of a UCST Polymer with Strong Hydrogen Bonds and Reactive Moieties for Facile Polymer-Protein Hybridization. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:1291-1301. [PMID: 35049291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-protein hybrids have been extensively used in biomedical fields. Polymers with upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behaviors can form a hydrated coacervate phase below the cloud point (Tcp), providing themselves the opportunity to directly capture hydrophilic proteins and form hybrids in aqueous solutions. However, it is always a challenge to obtain a UCST polymer that could aggregate at a high temperature at a relatively low concentration and also efficiently bind with proteins. In this work, a UCST polymer reactive with proteins was designed, and its temperature responsiveness and protein-capture ability were investigated in detail. The polymer was synthesized by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) and N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS). Interestingly, taking advantage of the partial hydrolysis of NAS into acrylic acid (AAc), the obtained P(AAm-co-NAS-co-AAc) polymer exhibited an excellent UCST behavior and possessed good protein-capture ability. It showed a relatively higher Tcp (81 °C) at a lower concentration (0.1 wt %) and quickly formed polymer-protein hybrids with high protein loading and without losing protein bioactivity, and both the polymer and polymer-protein nanoparticles showed good cytocompatibility. All the findings are attributed to the unique structure of the polymer, which provided not only the strong and stable hydrogen bonds but also the quick and mild reactivity. The work offers an easy and mild strategy for polymer-protein hybridization directly in aqueous solutions, which may find applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianlei Lu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yueyi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lingrong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- Faculty of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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5
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Liguori A, Pandini S, Rinoldi C, Zaccheroni N, Pierini F, Focarete ML, Gualandi C. Thermo-active Smart Electrospun Nanofibers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100694. [PMID: 34962002 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The recent burst of research on smart materials is a clear evidence of the growing interest of the scientific community, industry, and society in the field. The exploitation of the great potential of stimuli-responsive materials for sensing, actuation, logic, and control applications is favored and supported by new manufacturing technologies, such as electrospinning, that allows to endow smart materials with micro- and nano-structuration, thus opening up additional and unprecedented prospects. In this wide and lively scenario, this article systematically reviews the current advances in the development of thermo-active electrospun fibers and textiles, sorting them, according to their response to the thermal stimulus. Hence, several platforms including thermo-responsive systems, shape memory polymers, thermo-optically responsive systems, phase change materials, thermoelectric materials, and pyroelectric materials, have been described and critically discussed. The difference in active species and outputs of the aforementioned categories has been highlighted, evidencing the transversal nature of temperature stimulus. Moreover, the potential of novel thermo-active materials has been pointed out, revealing how their development could take to utmost interesting achievements. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Stefano Pandini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Nelsi Zaccheroni
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Focarete
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician" and INSTM UdR of Bologna, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy
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6
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Lu CH, Yeh YC. Fabrication of Multiresponsive Magnetic Nanocomposite Double-Network Hydrogels for Controlled Release Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2105997. [PMID: 34791796 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite double-network hydrogels (ncDN hydrogels) have been demonstrated as promising biomaterials to present several desired properties (e.g., high mechanical strength, stimuli-responsiveness, and local therapy) for biomedicine. Here, a new type of ncDN hydrogels featuring definable microstructures and properties as well as multistimuli responsiveness for controlled release applications is developed. Amine-functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IOPs_NH2 ) are used as nanoparticle cross-linkers to simultaneously connect the dual networks of gelatin (Gel) and polydextran aldehyde (PDA) through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, and dynamic imine bonds. The pH- and temperature-responsive Gel/PDA/IOP_NH2 ncDN hydrogels present a fast release profile of proteins at acidic pH and high temperature. Besides, IOP_NH2 also contributes the magnetic-responsiveness to the ncDN hydrogels, allowing the use of magnetic field to generate heat to facilitate the structural change of hydrogels and the subsequent applications. Taken together, a versatile ncDN hydrogel platform capable of multistimuli responsiveness and local heating for controlled release is developed for advanced biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Lu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheun Yeh
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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7
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Gayathri V, Jaisankar SN, Samanta D. Temperature and pH responsive polymers: sensing applications. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1988636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varnakumar Gayathri
- Polymer Science & Technology division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sellamuthu Nagappan Jaisankar
- Polymer Science & Technology division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Debasis Samanta
- Polymer Science & Technology division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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8
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Park TH, Park S, Yu S, Park S, Lee J, Kim S, Jung Y, Yi H. Highly Sensitive On-Skin Temperature Sensors Based on Biocompatible Hydrogels with Thermoresponsive Transparency and Resistivity. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100469. [PMID: 34028997 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of electrically responsive sensors that interact directly with human skin and at the same time produce a visual indication of the temperature is in great demand. Here, we report a highly sensitive electronic skin (E-skin) sensor that measures and visualizes skin temperature simultaneously using a biocompatible hydrogel displaying thermoresponsive transparency and resistivity resulting from a temperature dependence of the strength of the hydrogen bonding between its components. This thermoresponsive hydrogel (TRH) showed a temperature dependence of not only the proton conductivity but also of its transmittance of light through a change in polymer conformation. We were able to use our TRH temperature sensor (TRH-TS) to measure temperature in a wide range of temperatures based on a change in its intrinsic resistivity (-0.0289 °C-1 ) and to visualize the temperature due to its thermoresponsive transmittance (from 7% to 96%). The TRH-TS exhibited high reliability upon multiple cycles of heating and cooling. The on-skin TRH-TS patch is also shown to successfully produce changes in its impedance and optical transparency as a result of changes in skin temperature during cardiovascular exercise. This work has shown that our biocompatible TRH-TS is potentially suitable as wearable E-skin for various emerging flexible healthcare monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hyun Park
- Post‐Silicon Semiconductor Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- KIURI Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Park
- Post‐Silicon Semiconductor Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggun Yu
- Insulation Materials Research Center Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Changwon 51543 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangun Park
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Post‐Silicon Semiconductor Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering YU‐KIST Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Kim
- Post‐Silicon Semiconductor Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Biomaterials Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering YU‐KIST Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Yi
- Post‐Silicon Semiconductor Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering YU‐KIST Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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9
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Narasimhan BN, Deijs GS, Manuguri S, Ting MSH, Williams MAK, Malmström J. A comparative study of tough hydrogen bonding dissipating hydrogels made with different network structures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2934-2947. [PMID: 36134190 PMCID: PMC9419215 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are excellent soft materials to interface with biological systems. Precise control and tunability of dissipative properties of gels are particularly interesting in tissue engineering applications. In this work, we produced hydrogels with tunable dissipative properties by photopolymerizing a second polymer within a preformed cross-linked hydrogel network of poly(acrylamide). We explored second networks made with different structures and capacity to hydrogen bond with the first network, namely linear poly(acrylic acid) and branched poly(tannic acid). Gels incorporating a second network made with poly(tannic acid) exhibited excellent stiffness (0.35 ± 0.035 MPa) and toughness (1.64 ± 0.26 MJ m-3) compared to the poly(acrylic acid) counterparts. We also demonstrate a strategy to fabricate hydrogels where the dissipation (loss modulus) can be tuned independently from the elasticity (storage modulus) suitable for cell culture applications. We anticipate that this modular design approach for producing hydrogels will have applications in tailored substrates for cell culture studies and in load bearing tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Narayanan Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Gerrit Sjoerd Deijs
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Sesha Manuguri
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Matthew Sheng Hao Ting
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - M A K Williams
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University PN461, Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North 4442 New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology 6140 Wellington New Zealand
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10
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Zhang X, Chen L, Zhang C, Liao L. Robust Near-Infrared-Responsive Composite Hydrogel Actuator Using Fe 3+/Tannic Acid as the Photothermal Transducer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18175-18183. [PMID: 33826289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven hydrogel actuators show potential applications because their spatiotemporal precision and contact-free manner, especially for near-infrared light (NIR), can be focused on a specific area, which possesses tunable intensity and strong penetrability. Herein, we propose a novel NIR-responsive hydrogel actuator incorporating Fe3+/tannic acid (Fe3+/TA) as a photothermal transducer into the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel via photo-cross-linking and subsequent immersion in FeCl3 solution. TA contains abundant pyrogallol and catechol groups, which can be linked to PNIPAAm through hydrogen bonds during in situ polymerization; moreover, as a mediator, TA can form metal-phenolic networks with Fe3+ via the coordination between catechol and metal ions, endowing the PNIPAAm gel with enhanced mechanical properties as well as NIR-responsive photothermal effect. We demonstrated that introduction of Fe3+/TA maintained the volume phase transition temperature of the hydrogel around 32 °C and guaranteed its deformation behaviors upon NIR irradiation. Furthermore, a higher concentration level of BIS and Fe3+ were verified to facilitate a stronger photothermal capacity of the hydrogels. Therefore, under NIR irradiation, Fe3+/TA within the hydrogel converted NIR light into heat, and the local high temperature in the irradiated region would cause the petals of the "snowflake"-shaped hydrogel to bend upward perpendicular to the horizontal plane within 1 min, possessing excellent repeatability. This study puts forward a new idea of preparing NIR-responsive hydrogel actuators based on Fe3+/TA, which show promising application in the fields of biomimetic devices, flowing control, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Lishan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Liqiong Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510515, China
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11
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Jiang Y, Li G, Yang C, Kong F, Yuan Z. Multiresponsive Cellulose Nanocrystal Cross-Linked Copolymer Hydrogels for the Controlled Release of Dyes and Drugs. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1219. [PMID: 33918822 PMCID: PMC8070268 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiresponsive hydrogels have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in tissue engineering, wearable devices, and flexible electronics. In this work, we report a multiresponsive upper critical solution temperature (UCST) composite hydrogel based on poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), PAAc-co-PAAm, sequentially cross-linked by acid-hydrolysis cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations demonstrated that the hydrogels are formed by densely cross-linked porous structures. The PAAc/PAAm/CNC hybrid hydrogels exhibit swelling and shrinking properties that can be induced by multiple stimuli, including temperature, pH, and salt concentration. The driving force of the volume transition is the formation and dissociation of hydrogen bonds in the hydrogels. A certain content of CNCs can greatly enhance the shrinkage capability and mechanical strength of the hybrid hydrogels, but an excess addition may impair the contractility of the hydrogel. Furthermore, the hydrogels can be used as a matrix to adsorb dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), for water purification. MB may be partly discharged from hydrogels by saline solutions, especially by those with high ionic strength. Notably, through temperature-controlled hydrogel swelling and shrinking, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX-HCl) can be controllably adsorbed and released from the prepared hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Guihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.J.); (C.Y.)
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
| | - Zaiwu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (Y.J.); (C.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China;
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12
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Ji W, Wu Q, Han X, Zhang W, Wei W, Chen L, Li L, Huang W. Photosensitive hydrogels: from structure, mechanisms, design to bioapplications. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1813-1828. [PMID: 33216277 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel is a smart material with a three-dimensional network structure and has been widely used in various fields due to its good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and modification. Photosensitive hydrogel is a smart hydrogel, and its amenability to remote, precise control, and flexible and convenient regulation of stimulating factors make it an ideal candidate for use in fields such as biological materials, drug carriers, and sensors. In this review, we discuss the structure, mechanisms, design principles, and bioapplications of photosensitive hydrogels as developed in recent years. Finally, their potential for development and potential future challenges are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ji
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Xisi Han
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China.,Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
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Abstract
The memory of our brain, stored in soft matter, is dynamic, and it forgets spontaneously to filter unimportant information. By contrast, the existing manmade memory, made from hard materials, is static, and it does not forget without external stimuli. Here we propose a principle for developing dynamic memory from soft hydrogels with temperature-sensitive dynamic bonds. The memorizing-forgetting behavior is achieved based on fast water uptake and slow water release upon thermal stimulus, as well as thermal-history-dependent transparency change of these gels. The forgetting time is proportional to the thermal learning time, in analogy to the behavior of brain. The memory is stable against temperature fluctuation and large stretching; moreover, the forgetting process is programmable. This principle may inspire future research on dynamic memory based on the nonequilibrium process of soft matter.
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14
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Zhang D, Ren B, Zhang Y, Xu L, Huang Q, He Y, Li X, Wu J, Yang J, Chen Q, Chang Y, Zheng J. From design to applications of stimuli-responsive hydrogel strain sensors. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3171-3191. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive hydrogel strain sensors that synergize the advantages of both hydrogel and smart functional materials have attracted increasing interest from material design to emerging applications in health monitors and human–machine interfaces.
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Hua L, Xie M, Jian Y, Wu B, Chen C, Zhao C. Multiple-Responsive and Amphibious Hydrogel Actuator Based on Asymmetric UCST-Type Volume Phase Transition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43641-43648. [PMID: 31663325 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive hydrogel actuators have attracted tremendous interest due to their promising applications in artificial muscles, soft robotics, and flexible electronics. However, most of these materials are based on polymers with lower critical solution temperature (LCST), while those from upper critical solution temperature (UCST) are rare. Herein, we report a multiple-responsive UCST hydrogel actuator based on the complex of poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) and poly(acrylamide) (PAAm). By applying a heterogeneous photopolymerization, a bilayer hydrogel was obtained, including a layer of the interpenetrating network (IPN) of PAAm/PAAc and a layer of a single network of PAAm. When cooled down below the UCST, the PAAm/PAAc layer contracted due to the hydrogen bonding of the two polymers while the PAAm layer stays in swelling state, driving the hydrogel to curl. By adjusting the composition of the two layers, the amplitude of actuation behavior could be regulated. By creating patterned IPN domains with photomasks, the hydrogel could deform into complex two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shapes. An active motion was realized in both water and oil bath, thanks to the internal water exchange between the two layers. Interestingly, the hydrogel actuator is also responsive to urea and salts (Na2SO4, NaCl, NaSCN), due to that the strength of the hydrogen bonds in the IPN changes with the additives. Overall, the current study realized an anisotropic UCST transition by introducing asymmetrically distributed polymer-polymer hydrogen bonds, which would inspire new inventions of intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqin Hua
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Manqing Xie
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Yukun Jian
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Baoyi Wu
- Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo 315201 , China
| | - Chongyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
| | - Chuanzhuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Novel Functional Materials and Preparation Science, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, School of Materials Science & Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University , Ningbo 315211 , Zhejiang , China
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16
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Tian Q, Han P, Li B, Feng Y. Thermo‐ and CO
2
‐triggered swelling polymer microgels for reducing water‐cut during CO
2
flooding. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Tian
- Polymer Research InstituteState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Peihui Han
- EOR Laboratory, Exploration & Development Research InstituteDaqing Oilfield Limited Company, PetroChina Daqing 163712 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- EOR Laboratory, Exploration & Development Research InstituteDaqing Oilfield Limited Company, PetroChina Daqing 163712 People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Feng
- Polymer Research InstituteState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
- Chengdu Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610065 People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang N, Zhang N, Xu Y, Li Z, Yan C, Mei K, Ding M, Ding S, Guan P, Qian L, Du C, Hu X. Molecularly Imprinted Materials for Selective Biological Recognition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900096. [PMID: 31111979 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting is an approach of generating imprinting cavities in polymer structures that are compatible with the target molecules. The cavities have memory for shape and chemical recognition, similar to the recognition mechanism of antigen-antibody in organisms. Their structures are also called biomimetic receptors or synthetic receptors. Owing to the excellent selectivity and unique structural predictability of molecularly imprinted materials (MIMs), practical MIMs have become a rapidly evolving research area providing key factors for understanding separation, recognition, and regenerative properties toward biological small molecules to biomacromolecules, even cell and microorganism. In this review, the characteristics, morphologies, and applicability of currently popular carrier materials for molecular imprinting, especially the fundamental role of hydrogels, porous materials, hierarchical nanoparticles, and 2D materials in the separation and recognition of biological templates are discussed. Moreover, through a series of case studies, emphasis is given on introducing imprinting strategies for biological templates with different molecular scales. In particular, the differences and connections between small molecular imprinting (bulk imprinting, "dummy" template imprinting, etc.), large molecular imprinting (surface imprinting, interfacial imprinting, etc.), and cell imprinting strategies are demonstrated in detail. Finally, future research directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yarong Xu
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Li
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Chaoren Yan
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kun Mei
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Minling Ding
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Ding
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Ping Guan
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Qian
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Chunbao Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Natural and Applied Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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18
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Echeverria C, Fernandes SN, Godinho MH, Borges JP, Soares PIP. Functional Stimuli-Responsive Gels: Hydrogels and Microgels. Gels 2018; 4:E54. [PMID: 30674830 PMCID: PMC6209286 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One strategy that has gained much attention in the last decades is the understanding and further mimicking of structures and behaviours found in nature, as inspiration to develop materials with additional functionalities. This review presents recent advances in stimuli-responsive gels with emphasis on functional hydrogels and microgels. The first part of the review highlights the high impact of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in materials science. From macro to micro scale, the review also collects the most recent studies on the preparation of hybrid polymeric microgels composed of a nanoparticle (able to respond to external stimuli), encapsulated or grown into a stimuli-responsive matrix (microgel). This combination gave rise to interesting multi-responsive functional microgels and paved a new path for the preparation of multi-stimuli "smart" systems. Finally, special attention is focused on a new generation of functional stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels able to self-shape (shape-memory) and/or self-repair. This last functionality could be considered as the closing loop for smart polymeric gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coro Echeverria
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid 28006, Spain.
| | - Susete N Fernandes
- I3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - Maria H Godinho
- I3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Borges
- I3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - Paula I P Soares
- I3N/CENIMAT, Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
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Sun N, Sun P, Wu A, Qiao X, Lu F, Zheng L. Facile fabrication of thermo/redox responsive hydrogels based on a dual crosslinked matrix for a smart on-off switch. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4327-4334. [PMID: 29761197 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive or "smart" soft materials have raised considerable attention due to their ability to spontaneously respond to external environmental variations and have a great potential for wide applications. Herein, a thermo/redox responsive hydrogel is facilely constructed based on a dual crosslinked matrix: the primary chemical crosslinked copolymer is composed of thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and poly(ionic liquid), and the secondary physical crosslinking component is generated by the ionic coordination between iron ions and carboxyl groups in the poly(ionic liquid). The non-covalent ion coordination crosslinking is introduced into a covalently crosslinked network, which further strengthens the soft PNIPAM matrix and enhances the mechanical performances of the hydrogels. The excellent thermosensitivity of PNIPAM and the good conductive property of poly(ionic liquid) provide the hydrogel with an attractive performance as a thermo-responsive switch. Moreover, the trapped iron ions in the network endow the hydrogels with redox-responsiveness, which could be reversibly chemically oxidized and reduced. The mechanical strength of hydrogels could also be tuned by the crosslinked capacity of iron ions within the gel matrix between the strong binding of the oxidized state (Fe3+) and poor coordination of the reduced state (Fe2+). These stimuli-responsive hydrogels have the potential to be used as smart materials for stimuli-responsive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
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