1
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Grewal S, Srivastava A, Singh S, Venkataramani S. Structure-property relationship in functionalized azobenzene photoswitches and their supramolecular behavior. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38561925 DOI: 10.1111/php.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and supramolecular behavior of 30 structurally diverse photoresponsive azobenzene molecular systems. To establish structure-property relationships, azobenzenes appended with N-picolinyl and/or N-benzyl groups tethered directly through carboxamides or via triazolylmethyl carboxamide linkages were explored. We have evaluated the photoswitching characteristics and thermal stability of the Z isomers through systematic studies. All the targets were also screened for their aggregation behavior and supramolecular aspects. Among all the derivatives, a few carboxamide-based systems formed microcrystals upon aggregation, showing light responsiveness. In contrast, the derivatives tethered via triazolylmethyl carboxamide linkage exhibited hydrogel formation with excellent water-absorbing capacity. All supramolecular aspects of the morphology of the microcrystal and hydrogel states and their stimuli-responsiveness have been studied using spectroscopy and various microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Grewal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Sapna Singh
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Manauli, Punjab, India
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2
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Kumar P, Bala I, De R, Kumar Pal S, Venkataramani S. Light Modulated Reversible "On-Off" Transformation of Arylazoheteroarene Based Discotics in Nematic Organization. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202876. [PMID: 36205928 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) core-based molecular systems appended with phenylazo-3,5-dimethylisoxazole photoswitches at the peripheral position through variable-length alkoxy chains have been designed and synthesized. The supramolecular interactions of the mesogens provided discotic nematic liquid crystalline assembly as confirmed by polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Spectroscopic studies confirmed the reversible photoswitching and excellent thermal stability of the photoswitched states in solution phase and thin film. Also, atomic force microscopic (AFM) and POM investigations demonstrated the morphological changes in the self-assembly induced by the photoirradiation as monitored by the changes in the height profiles and optical appearance of the textures, respectively. Remarkably, the liquid crystalline discotic molecules showed reversible "on and off states" controlled by light at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ritobrata De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
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3
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Basaki N, Vafaee M. New azopolyamide-nanocomposites reinforced with resorcinol modified ternary layered double hydroxide: synthesis, optical and thermal properties. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2061994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nematollah Basaki
- Department of Chemistry, Farahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafaee
- Department of Chemistry, Farahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Farahan, Iran
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4
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Kumar P, Gupta D, Grewal S, Srivastava A, Kumar Gaur A, Venkataramani S. Multiple Azoarenes Based Systems - Photoswitching, Supramolecular Chemistry and Application Prospects. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200074. [PMID: 35860915 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the recent decades, the investigations on photoresponsive molecular systems with multiple azoarenes are quite popular in diverse perspectives ranging from fundamental understanding of multiple photoswitches, supramolecular chemistry, and various application prospects. In fact, several insightful and conceptual designs of such systems were investigated with architectural distinctions. In particular, the demonstration of applications such as data storage with the help of multistate or orthogonal photoswitches, light modulation of catalysis via cooperative switching, sensors using supramolecular host-guest interactions, and materials such as liquid crystals, grating, actuators, etc. are some of the milestones in this area. Herein, we cover the recent advancements in the research areas of multiazoarenes containing systems that have been classified into Type-1 {linear, non-linear, and core-based (A)}, Type-2 {tripodal C3 -symmetric (C3)} and Type-3 {macrocyclic (M)} structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Debapriya Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Anjali Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Ankit Kumar Gaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, Knowledge City, SAS Nagar, Manauli (PO), Punjab, 140306, INDIA
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5
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Grewal S, Kumar P, Roy S, Bala I, Sah C, Kumar Pal S, Venkataramani S. Deciphering Internal and External π-Conjugation in C 3 -Symmetric Multiple Azobenzene Connected Systems in Self-Assembly. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104602. [PMID: 35166400 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two tripodal C3 -symmetric photoswitchable molecular systems T1 and T2 are reported that have extended conjugation at external and internal positions using an acryl group. The influence of the extended π-bonds in their absorption properties, thermal relaxation of the photoisomers and their propensities in forming supramolecular self-assemblies have been explored through spectroscopy, and microscopic studies. In particular, the investigations on the self-assembly have been carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), polarized optical microscopy (POM), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Remarkably, the position of the acryl group influences the behaviour of the two target molecules in supramolecular assembly, and also in the formation of photoresponsive organic hydrogels or microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Pravesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Indu Bala
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Chitranjan Sah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Santanu Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
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6
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Santos GSD, Westphal E. Photoisomerizable azobenzene star-shaped liquid crystals: bypassing the absence of hydrogen bonding. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective molecular tailoring results in star-shaped azo compounds that self-assemble with hexagonal columnar packing and show fast and reversible photoisomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Sérgio dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduard Westphal
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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7
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Koch M, Saphiannikova M, Guskova O. Cyclic Photoisomerization of Azobenzene in Atomistic Simulations: Modeling the Effect of Light on Columnar Aggregates of Azo Stars. Molecules 2021; 26:7674. [PMID: 34946756 PMCID: PMC8709326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This computational study investigates the influence of light on supramolecular aggregates of three-arm azobenzene stars. Every star contains three azobenzene (azo) moieties, each able to undergo reversible photoisomerization. In solution, the azo stars build column-shaped supramolecular aggregates. Previous experimental works report severe morphological changes of these aggregates under UV-Vis light. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still debated. Here we aim to elucidate how light affects the structure and stability of the columnar stacks on the molecular scale. The system is investigated using fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. To implement the effects of light, we first developed a stochastic model of the cyclic photoisomerization of azobenzene. This model reproduces the collective photoisomerization kinetics of the azo stars in good agreement with theory and previous experiments. We then apply light of various intensities and wavelengths on an equilibrated columnar stack of azo stars in water. The simulations indicate that the aggregate does not break into separate fragments upon light irradiation. Instead, the stack develops defects in the form of molecular shifts and reorientations and, as a result, it eventually loses its columnar shape. The mechanism and driving forces behind this order-disorder structural transition are clarified based on the simulations. In the end, we provide a new interpretation of the experimentally observed morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Koch
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Marina Saphiannikova
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Guskova
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Koch M, Saphiannikova M, Guskova O. Columnar Aggregates of Azobenzene Stars: Exploring Intermolecular Interactions, Structure, and Stability in Atomistic Simulations. Molecules 2021; 26:7598. [PMID: 34946680 PMCID: PMC8703797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simulation study of supramolecular aggregates formed by three-arm azobenzene (Azo) stars with a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) core in water. Previous experimental works by other research groups demonstrate that such Azo stars assemble into needle-like structures with light-responsive properties. Disregarding the response to light, we intend to characterize the equilibrium state of this system on the molecular scale. In particular, we aim to develop a thorough understanding of the binding mechanism between the molecules and analyze the structural properties of columnar stacks of Azo stars. Our study employs fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model pre-assembled aggregates with various sizes and arrangements in water. In our detailed approach, we decompose the binding energies of the aggregates into the contributions due to the different types of non-covalent interactions and the contributions of the functional groups in the Azo stars. Initially, we investigate the origin and strength of the non-covalent interactions within a stacked dimer. Based on these findings, three arrangements of longer columnar stacks are prepared and equilibrated. We confirm that the binding energies of the stacks are mainly composed of π-π interactions between the conjugated parts of the molecules and hydrogen bonds formed between the stacked BTA cores. Our study quantifies the strength of these interactions and shows that the π-π interactions, especially between the Azo moieties, dominate the binding energies. We clarify that hydrogen bonds, which are predominant in BTA stacks, have only secondary energetic contributions in stacks of Azo stars but remain necessary stabilizers. Both types of interactions, π-π stacking and H-bonds, are required to maintain the columnar arrangement of the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Koch
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Marina Saphiannikova
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Guskova
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Basaki N, Kakanejadifard A, Faghihi K. Preparation of new enforcement polyamide nanocomposite filled by ternary layer double hydroxide and investigation of electrochemical activity, optical and thermal properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Le Bras L, Dory YL, Champagne B. Computational prediction of the supramolecular self-assembling properties of organic molecules: the role of conformational flexibility of amide moieties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20453-20465. [PMID: 34498627 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02675e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two families of organic molecules with different backbones have been considered. The first family is based on a macrolactam-like unit that is constrained in a particular conformation. The second family is composed by a substituted central phenyl that allows a larger mobility for its substituents. They have however a common feature, three amide moieties (within the cycle for the macrolactam-like molecule and as substituents for the phenyl) that permit hydrogen bonding when molecules are stacked. In this study we propose a computational protocol to unravel the ability of the different families to self-assemble into organic nanotubes. Starting from the monomer and going towards larger assemblies like dimers, trimers, and pentamers we applied the different protocols to rationalize the behavior of the different assemblies. Both structures and thermodynamics were investigated to give a complete picture of the process. Thanks to the combination of a quantum mechanics approach and molecular dynamics simulations along with the use of tailored tools (non covalent interaction visualization) and techniques (umbrella sampling), we have been able to differentiate the two families and highlight the best candidate for self-assembling purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Le Bras
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium.
| | - Yves L Dory
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Supramoléculaire, Département de Chimie, Institut de Pharmacologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, Chemistry Department, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Belgium.
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11
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. Mesomeric Effects of Azobenzene Bearing Natural Product-Based Molecules for Liquid Crystal Materials: An Overview. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:318-332. [PMID: 32778031 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200810142857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Latest progress in the liquid crystal (LC) field related to azo molecules incorporated into natural product- based moieties for the improvement of LC texture and mesomeric phases has received great interest among researchers. A LC containing natural product-based moieties i.e. menthol, kojic acid, cholesterol and chalcone with stable azo and azobenzene scaffolds with specific optical tunability, has been widely used in photo-active materials such as Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), LC films, smart windows and other devices. This review discusses the influence of azobenzene, a renowned photo-responsive and stable LC scaffold, in mesogenic phases due to photo-isomerization and optical switching. The incorporation of mesomeric phases of natural product moieties to azo molecules has improved the properties of LC, i.e, from the nematic phase to the smectic phase with proper magnetic field alignment. Natural product-based LC can be useful in numerous applications, especially practical electronic or optic devices such as optical image storage, display devices, solar cells, optical switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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12
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Gupta D, Gaur AK, Kumar P, Kumar H, Mahadevan A, Devi S, Roy S, Venkataramani S. Tuning of Bistability, Thermal Stability of the Metastable States, and Application Prospects in the C 3 -Symmetric Designs of Multiple Azo(hetero)arenes Systems. Chemistry 2021; 27:3463-3472. [PMID: 33107995 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Light-responsive molecular systems with multiple photoswitches in C3 -symmetric designs have enormous application potential. The design part of such molecular systems is critical due to its influence in several properties associated with the photoswitches. In order to tune, and in the evaluation of the design-property relationship, we synthesized 18 tripodal systems with variations in the core, linkers, connectivity, and azo(hetero)arene photoswitches. Through extensive spectroscopic and computational studies, we envisaged the factors controlling near-quantitative photoisomerization in both the directions (bistability) and the thermal stability of the metastable states. Furthermore, we also evaluated the impact of designs in obtaining reversible photo-responsive sol-gel phase transitions, solvatochromism, photo- and thermochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debapriya Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Gaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Pravesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Anjali Mahadevan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sudha Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Knowledge City, Manauli, 140306, Punjab, India
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13
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Grewal S, Roy S, Kumar H, Saraswat M, Bari NK, Sinha S, Venkataramani S. Temporal control in tritylation reactions through light-driven variation in chloride ion binding catalysis – a proof of concept. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A proof-of-concept on temporal control in the tritylation reactions has been demonstrated using a designed tripodal triazole-linked azo(hetero)arene-based photoswitchable catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Grewal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Mayank Saraswat
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
| | - Naimat K. Bari
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)
- Mohali-160 062
- India
| | - Sharmistha Sinha
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST)
- Mohali-160 062
- India
| | - Sugumar Venkataramani
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali
- India
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14
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Savchenko V, Koch M, Pavlov AS, Saphiannikova M, Guskova O. Stacks of Azobenzene Stars: Self-Assembly Scenario and Stabilising Forces Quantified in Computer Modelling. Molecules 2019; 24:E4387. [PMID: 31801297 PMCID: PMC6930662 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the columnar supramolecular aggregates of photosensitive star-shaped azobenzenes with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide core and azobenzene arms are analyzed theoretically by applying a combination of computer simulation techniques. Without a light stimulus, the azobenzene arms adopt the trans-state and build one-dimensional columns of stacked molecules during the first stage of the noncovalent association. These columnar aggregates represent the structural elements of more complex experimentally observed morphologies-fibers, spheres, gels, and others. Here, we determine the most favorable mutual orientations of the trans-stars in the stack in terms of (i) the π - π distance between the cores lengthwise the aggregate, (ii) the lateral displacements due to slippage and (iii) the rotation promoting the helical twist and chirality of the aggregate. To this end, we calculate the binding energy diagrams using density functional theory. The model predictions are further compared with available experimental data. The intermolecular forces responsible for the stability of the stacks in crystals are quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Finally, to characterize the self-assembly mechanism of the stars in solution, we calculate the hydrogen bond lengths, the normalized dipole moments and the binding energies as functions of the columnar length. For this, molecular dynamics trajectories are analyzed. Finally, we conclude about the cooperative nature of the self-assembly of star-shaped azobenzenes with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide core in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladyslav Savchenko
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (V.S.); (M.S.)
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Aleksander S. Pavlov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, Tver State University, Sadovyj per. 35, Tver 170002, Russia;
| | - Marina Saphiannikova
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (V.S.); (M.S.)
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Olga Guskova
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany; (V.S.); (M.S.)
- Institute Theory of Polymers, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
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15
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Sperner M, Tober N, Detert H. Tristriazolotriazines with Azobenzene Arms ‐ Acidochromic Dyes and Discotic Liquid Crystals. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Sperner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Duesbergweg, 10–14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Natalie Tober
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Duesbergweg, 10–14 55099 Mainz Germany
| | - Heiner Detert
- Institute for Organic Chemistry Johannes Gutenberg‐University Mainz Duesbergweg, 10–14 55099 Mainz Germany
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Gerkman MA, Sinha S, Warner JH, Han GGD. Direct Imaging of Photoswitching Molecular Conformations Using Individual Metal Atom Markers. ACS NANO 2019; 13:87-96. [PMID: 30521310 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b08441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitching behavior of individual organic molecules was imaged by annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) using a highly electron beam transparent graphene support. Photoswitching azobenzene derivatives with ligands at each end containing single transition-metal atoms (Pt) were designed (Pt-complex), and the distance between the strong ADF-STEM contrast from the two Pt atoms in each Pt-complex is used to track molecular length changes. UV irradiation was used to induce photoswitching of the Pt complex on graphene, and we show that the measured Pt-Pt distances within isolated molecules decrease from ∼2.1 nm to ∼1.4 nm, indicative of a trans-to- cis isomerization. Light illumination of the Pt-complex on the graphene support also caused their diffusion out from initial clusters to the surrounding area of graphene, indicating that the light-activated mobilization overcomes the intermolecular van der Waals interactions. This approach shows how individual isolated heavy metal atoms can be included as markers into complex molecules to track their structural changes using ADF-STEM on graphene supports, providing an effective method to study a diverse range of complex organic materials at the single molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihael A Gerkman
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Sapna Sinha
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Jamie H Warner
- Department of Materials , University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road , Oxford OX1 3PH , United Kingdom
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , 415 South Street , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
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