1
|
He D, Yan M, Sun Q, Zhang M, Xia Y, Sun Y, Li Z. Ketocyanine-Based Fluorescent Probe Revealing the Polarity Heterogeneity of Lipid Droplets and Enabling Accurate Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303212. [PMID: 38241604 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has gradually become a pronoun for terrifying death owing to its high mortality rate. With the progression of HCC, lipid droplets (LDs) in HCC cells exhibit specific variations such as increased LDs number and decreased polarity, which can serve as the diagnostic target. However, developing an effective method to achieve HCC diagnosis and reveal LDs polarity heterogeneity is still a crucial challenge. Herein, the first high-performance LDs-targeting probe (1) is reported based on ketocyanine strategy with ultrasensitive polarity-responding ability and near-infrared emission. Probe 1 shows excellent sensitivity to polarity parameter Δf (0.027-0.290) with 808-fold fluorescence enhancement and the emission wavelength red-shifts 91 nm. In HCC cells, probe 1 shows a 2.5- to 5.9-fold fluorescence enhancement compared with normal and other cancer cells which exceeds clinical threshold of 2.0, indicating probe 1 can distinguish HCC cells. The LDs polarity heterogeneity is revealed and it displays a sequence, HCC cells < other cancer cells < normal cells, which may provide useful insight to engineer LDs-targeting probes for HCC cell discrimination. Finally, probe 1 realizes accurate HCC diagnosis on the cellular, organ, and in vivo levels, providing a satisfying tool for clinical HCC diagnosis and surgical navigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deming He
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Minmin Yan
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiuling Sun
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mingwei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Construction of Functional Molecules and Their Bioanalytical Applications, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterial and Medical Theranostic, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Gu P, Fu A, Xi Y, Cui S, Ji L, Li L, Ma N, Wang Q, He G. TPE-based fluorescent probe for dual channel imaging of pH/viscosity and selective visualization of cancer cells and tissues. Talanta 2023; 265:124862. [PMID: 37379755 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient fluorescence-based detection tools with high contrast and accuracy in cancer diagnosis has recently attracted extensive attention. Changes in the microenvironments between cancer and normal cells provide new biomarkers for precise and comprehensive cancer diagnosis. Herein, a dual-organelle-targeted probe with multiple-parameter response is developed to realize cancer detection. We designed a tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based fluorescent probe TPE-PH-KD connected with quinolinium group for simultaneous detection of viscosity and pH. Due to the restriction on the double bond's rotation, the probe respond to viscosity changes in the green channel with extreme sensitivity. Interestingly, the probe exhibited strong emission of red channel in acidic environment, and the rearrangement of ortho-OH group occurred in the basic form with weak fluorescence when pH increased. Additionally, cell colocalization studies revealed that the probe was located in the mitochondria and lysosome of cancer cells. Following treatment with carbonyl cyanide m-chloro phenylhydrazone (CCCP), chloroquine, and nystatin, the pH or viscosity changes in the dual channels are also monitored in real-time. Furthermore, the probe TPE-PH-KD could effectively discriminate cancer from normal cells and organs with high-contrast fluorescence imaging, which sparked more research on an efficient tool for highly selectively visualizing tumors at the organ level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Pengli Gu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Aoxiang Fu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yanbei Xi
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shaoli Cui
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Liguo Ji
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Nana Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Qingzhi Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Guangjie He
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Forensic Science Evidence, School of Forensic Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Jinsui Road No. 601, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biswas S, Baruah M, Shil A, Sarkar S, Ali M, Samanta A, Bhuniya S. Polarity-Driven Two-Photon Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring the Perturbation in Lipid Droplet Levels during Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Acute Pancreatitis. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3793-3803. [PMID: 37815484 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as an energy reservoir in cancer cells; on the other hand, mitochondria are hyperactive to fulfill the energy demand to accelerate cell proliferation. We are interested in unfolding the relationship between the cellular energy reservoir and energy producer through fluorescence labeling. Thus, a dual organelle-targeted fluorescent probe MLD-1 has been rationally developed. It visualized the crosstalk between mitochondrial dysfunction and the fluctuation of LDs in live cells. Its two-photon ability allowed us to acquire deep tissue images. For the first time, we have shown that the probe has the ability to track the accumulation of LDs in different mouse organs during pancreatic inflammation. MLD-1, being a selectively polarity-driven, chemo- and photostable LD probe, may offer great possibilities for studying LD-associated biology in due course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shayeri Biswas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Mousumi Baruah
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Anushree Shil
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Arch Waterfront, GP Block, Sector V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700091, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nilo N, Reyna-Jeldes M, Covarrubias AA, Coddou C, Artigas V, Fuentealba M, Aguilar LF, Saldías M, Mellado M. A pH-Sensitive Fluorescent Chemosensor Turn-On Based in a Salen Iron (III) Complex: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Live-Cell Imaging Application. Molecules 2023; 28:7237. [PMID: 37959657 PMCID: PMC10647502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
pH regulation is essential to allow normal cell function, and their imbalance is associated with different pathologic situations, including cancer. In this study, we present the synthesis of 2-(((2-aminoethyl)imino)methyl)phenol (HL1) and the iron (III) complex (Fe(L1)2Br, (C1)), confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The absorption and emission properties of complex C1 were assessed in the presence and absence of different physiologically relevant analytes, finding a fluorescent turn-on when OH- was added. So, we determined the limit of detection (LOD = 3.97 × 10-9 M), stoichiometry (1:1), and association constant (Kas = 5.86 × 103 M-1). Using DFT calculations, we proposed a spontaneous decomposition mechanism for C1. After characterization, complex C1 was evaluated as an intracellular pH chemosensor on the human primary gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) and non-tumoral gastric epithelia (GES-1) cell lines, finding fluorescent signal activation in the latter when compared to AGS cells due to the lower intracellular pH of AGS cells caused by the increased metabolic rate. However, when complex C1 was used on metastatic cancer cell lines (MKN-45 and MKN-74), a fluorescent turn-on was observed in both cell lines because the intracellular lactate amount increased. Our results could provide insights about the application of complex C1 as a metabolic probe to be used in cancer cell imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Nilo
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Mauricio Reyna-Jeldes
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK;
- Laboratorio de Señalización Purinérgica, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile; (A.A.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Alejandra A. Covarrubias
- Laboratorio de Señalización Purinérgica, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile; (A.A.C.); (C.C.)
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad del Alba, La Serena 1700000, Chile
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Laboratorio de Señalización Purinérgica, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile; (A.A.C.); (C.C.)
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of Pain (MiNuSPain), Santiago 8330025, Chile
- Núcleo para el Estudio del Cáncer a Nivel Básico, Aplicado, y Clínico, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Vania Artigas
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Mauricio Fuentealba
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Luis F. Aguilar
- Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (N.N.); (V.A.); (M.F.); (L.F.A.)
| | - Marianela Saldías
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile;
| | - Marco Mellado
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shao X, Meng C, Song W, Zhang T, Chen Q. Subcellular visualization: Organelle-specific targeted drug delivery and discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114977. [PMID: 37391014 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Organelles perform critical biological functions due to their distinct molecular composition and internal environment. Disorders in organelles or their interacting networks have been linked to the incidence of numerous diseases, and the research of pharmacological actions at the organelle level has sparked pharmacists' interest. Currently, cell imaging has evolved into a critical tool for drug delivery, drug discovery, and pharmacological research. The introduction of advanced imaging techniques in recent years has provided researchers with richer biological information for viewing and studying the ultrastructure of organelles, protein interactions, and gene transcription activities, leading to the design and delivery of precision-targeted drugs. Therefore, this reviews the research on organelles-targeted drugs based upon imaging technologies and development of fluorescent molecules for medicinal purposes. We also give a thorough analysis of a number of subcellular-level elements of drug development, including subcellular research instruments and methods, organelle biological event investigation, subcellular target and drug identification, and design of subcellular delivery systems. This review will make it possible to promote drug research from the individual/cellular level to the subcellular level, as well as give a new focus based on newly found organelle activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Caicai Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Wenjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, PR China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drugs of National Health Commission, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Many RNA delivery strategies require efficient endosomal uptake and release. To monitor this process, we developed a 2'-OMe RNA-based ratiometric pH probe with a pH-invariant 3'-Cy5 and 5'-FAM whose pH sensitivity is enhanced by proximal guanines. The probe, in duplex with a DNA complement, exhibits a 48.9-fold FAM fluorescence enhancement going from pH 4.5 to pH 8.0 and reports on both endosomal entrapment and release when delivered to HeLa cells. In complex with an antisense RNA complement, the probe constitutes an siRNA mimic capable of protein knockdown in HEK293T cells. This illustrates a general approach for measuring the localization and pH microenvironment of any oligonucleotide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Herling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, U.S.A
| | - Ivan J. Dmochowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Niu H, Liu J, O'Connor HM, Gunnlaugsson T, James TD, Zhang H. Photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) based fluorescent probes for cellular imaging and disease therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2322-2357. [PMID: 36811891 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Typical PeT-based fluorescent probes are multi-component systems where a fluorophore is connected to a recognition/activating group by an unconjugated linker. PeT-based fluorescent probes are powerful tools for cell imaging and disease diagnosis due to their low fluorescence background and significant fluorescence enhancement towards the target. This review provides research progress towards PeT-based fluorescent probes that target cell polarity, pH and biological species (reactive oxygen species, biothiols, biomacromolecules, etc.) over the last five years. In particular, we emphasise the molecular design strategies, mechanisms, and application of these probes. As such, this review aims to provide guidance and to enable researchers to develop new and improved PeT-based fluorescent probes, as well as promoting the use of PeT-based systems for sensing, imaging, and disease therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| | - Helen M O'Connor
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Tony D James
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Highly efficient carbon dots for quantitatively visualizing pH fluctuations in cells, zebrafish, mice and tumors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112620. [PMID: 36502598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vivo pH is closely related to complicated physiological and pathological processes. Quantitatively probing pH and visualizing pH variation via fluorescence (FL) imaging technique in living cells and organisms is crucial but difficult to accomplish. Herein, green fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized, and their distinct advantages of extraordinarily high fluorescence quantum yield (FQY, 71.4%), unique photostability, high selectivity, sterling biocompatibility, appropriate pKa for biosensing, enable CDs to serve as pH-activatable probes for real time quantitative detection of continuous pH fluctuation in living cells, zebrafish, mice and tumors. We believe CDs are presently among the best-of-breed pH probes for comprehensive biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang W, Du X, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang J, Yang XF. Rational Design of a Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for the Simultaneous Imaging of Hypochlorous Acid and Peroxynitrite in Living Organisms. Anal Chem 2022; 94:17485-17493. [PMID: 36480597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) are two important highly reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which commonly coexist in biosystems and play pivotal roles in many physiological and pathological processes. To investigate their function and correlations, it is urgently needed to construct chemical tools that can track the production of HOCl and ONOO- in biological systems with distinct fluorescence signals. Here, we found that the coumarin fluorescence of coumarin-benzopyrylium (CB) hydrazides (spirocyclic form) is dim, and their fluorescence properties are controlled by their benzopyran moiety via an intramolecular photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process. Based on this mechanism, we report the development of a fluorescent probe CB2-H for the simultaneous detection of HOCl and ONOO-. ONOO- can selectively oxidize the hydrazide group of CB2-H to afford the parent dye CB2 (Absmax/Emmax = 631/669 nm). In the case of HOCl, it undergoes an electrophilic attack on the benzopyran moiety of CB2-H to give a chlorinated product CB2-H-Cl, which inhibits the PET process within the probe and thus affords a turn-on fluorescence response at the coumarin channel (Absmax/Emmax = 407/468 nm). Due to the marked differences in absorption/emission wavelengths between the HOCl and ONOO- products, CB2-H enables the concurrent detection of HOCl and ONOO- at two independent channels without spectral cross-interference. CB2-H has been applied for dual-channel fluorescence imaging of endogenously produced HOCl and ONOO- in living cells and zebrafish under different stimulants. The present probe provides a useful tool for further exploring the distribution and correlation of HOCl and ONOO- in more biosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xinmei Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Congjie Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Shengrui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P. R. China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Y, Sun P, Li Z, Qu L, Guo W. Natural flavylium-inspired far-red to NIR-II dyes and their applications as fluorescent probes for biomedical sensing. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7170-7205. [PMID: 35866752 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes that emit in the far-red (600-700 nm), first near-infrared (NIR-I, 700-900 nm), and second NIR (NIR-II, 900-1700 nm) regions possess unique advantages, including low photodamage and deep penetration into biological samples. Notably, NIR-II optical imaging can achieve tissue penetration as deep as 5-20 mm, which is critical for biomedical sensing and clinical applications. Much research has focused on developing far-red to NIR-II dyes to meet the needs of modern biomedicine. Flavylium compounds are natural colorants found in many flowers and fruits. Flavylium-inspired dyes are ideal platforms for constructing fluorescent probes because of their far-red to NIR emissions, high quantum yields, high molar extinction coefficients, and good water solubilities. The synthetic and structural diversities of flavylium dyes also enable NIR-II probe development, which markedly advance the field of NIR-II in vivo imaging. In the last decade, there have been huge developments in flavylium-inspired dyes and their applications as far-red to NIR fluorescent probes for biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight the optical properties of representative flavylium dyes, design strategies, sensing mechanisms, and applications as fluorescent probes for detecting and visualizing important biomedical species and events. This review will prompt further research not only on flavylium dyes, but also into all far-red to NIR fluorophores and fluorescent probes. Moreover, this interest will hopefully spillover into applications related to complex biological systems and clinical treatments, ranging in focus from the sub-organelle to whole-animal levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Pengjuan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhaohui Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lingbo Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu C, Liu Q, Cai S, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X, Gong J. Near-infrared fluorescent probe for sensing local microscopic extreme acidity and its application in mitochondria. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Liu Q, Liu C, Cai S, He S, Zhao L, Zeng X, Zhou J, Gong J. A new near-infrared fluorescent probe for sensing extreme acidity and bioimaging in lysosome. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2022; 10. [PMID: 35073535 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ac4e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the intracellular pH plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes, however, the probes that can be used for monitoring pH fluctuation under extreme acidic conditions are currently rare, so it is necessary to construct fluorescent probes for sensing pH less than 4. In this work, we developed a new near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe Cy-SNN for sensing pH fluctuation under extremely acidic conditions. For the preparation of this probe, benzothiozolium moiety was chosen as lysosomal targeting unit and NIR fluorophore, and barbituric acid moiety was fused in the polymethine chain of probe to introduce protonation center. Surprisingly, on the basis of the balance of quaternary ammonium salts and free amines, the pKa value of Cy-SNN was calculated as low as 2.96, implying that Cy-SNN can be used in acidic conditions with pH < 4. Moreover, Cy-SNN exhibited highly selective response to H+ over diverse analytes in real-time with dependable reversibility. Importantly, Cy-SNN can be used to specifically target lysosome, providing potential tools for monitoring the function of lysosome in autophagy process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Liu
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384,, Tianjin, 300191, CHINA
| | - Chang Liu
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, Tianjin, 300191, CHINA
| | - Songtao Cai
- Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, CHINA
| | - Song He
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, Tianjin, 300384, CHINA
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, PO Box 433, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, Harbin, 150001, CHINA
| | - Xianshun Zeng
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, Tianjin, 300384, CHINA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Weifang Medical University, Baotong West Street 7166, Weifang, 261053, CHINA
| | - Jin Gong
- Weifang Medical University, Baotong West Street 7166, Weifang, Shandong, 261053, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Chen Y, Fang H, Wang Y, Li S, Yuan H, Yao S, Qin S, He W, Guo Z. A ratiometric pH probe for acidification tracking in dysfunctional mitochondria and tumour tissue in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5422-5429. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00553k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With an ideal pKa (7.4) for mitochondrial pH monitoring, CouDa could immobilize in mitochondria independent of MMP. Acidification tracking was realized in dysfunctional mitochondria and tumour tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226300, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuncong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shankun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuheng Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226300, P. R. China
| | - Weijiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu Y, Wei K, Ma G, Ji C, Yin M. A heptamethine cyanine with meso-N-induced rearrangement for acid-activated tumour imaging and photothermal therapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2964-2971. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00413e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy has been developed as one of the most attractive strategies for tumour therapy. However, most of the reported photothermal probes still suffer from poor selectivity or specificity for...
Collapse
|
15
|
Cao J, Xie M, Gao X, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zhou W, Guan W, Lu C. Charge Neutralization Strategy to Construct Salt-Tolerant and Cell-Permeable Nanoprobes: Application in Ratiometric Sensing and Imaging of Intracellular pH. Anal Chem 2021; 93:15159-15166. [PMID: 34736318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular pH homeostasis is essential for the survival and function of biological cells. Negatively charged molecular probes, such as pyranine (HPTS), tend to exhibit poor salt tolerance and unsatisfactory cell permeability, limiting their widespread use in intracellular assays. Herein, we explored a charge neutralization strategy using multicharged cationic nanocarriers for an efficient and stable assembly with the pH-sensitive HPTS. Through immobilization and neutralization with poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-stabilized red-emitting gold nanoclusters (PAH-AuNCs), the resulting nanoprobes (HPTS-PAH-AuNCs) offered improved salt tolerance, satisfactory cell permeability, and dual-emission properties. The fluorescence ratio exhibited a linear response over the pH range of 3.0-9.0. Moreover, the proposed HPTS-PAH-AuNCs were successfully applied to determine and visualize lysosomal pH variations in living cells, which indicated great potential for biosensing and bioimaging applications in living systems. Benefiting from the charge neutralization strategy, various types of probes can be expected to achieve broader analytical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meiting Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhuoyong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Weijiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lim S, Kuang Y, Ardoña HAM. Evolution of Supramolecular Systems Towards Next-Generation Biosensors. Front Chem 2021; 9:723111. [PMID: 34490210 PMCID: PMC8416679 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.723111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular materials, which rely on dynamic non-covalent interactions, present a promising approach to advance the capabilities of currently available biosensors. The weak interactions between supramolecular monomers allow for adaptivity and responsiveness of supramolecular or self-assembling systems to external stimuli. In many cases, these characteristics improve the performance of recognition units, reporters, or signal transducers of biosensors. The facile methods for preparing supramolecular materials also allow for straightforward ways to combine them with other functional materials and create multicomponent sensors. To date, biosensors with supramolecular components are capable of not only detecting target analytes based on known ligand affinity or specific host-guest interactions, but can also be used for more complex structural detection such as chiral sensing. In this Review, we discuss the advancements in the area of biosensors, with a particular highlight on the designs of supramolecular materials employed in analytical applications over the years. We will first describe how different types of supramolecular components are currently used as recognition or reporter units for biosensors. The working mechanisms of detection and signal transduction by supramolecular systems will be presented, as well as the important hierarchical characteristics from the monomers to assemblies that contribute to selectivity and sensitivity. We will then examine how supramolecular materials are currently integrated in different types of biosensing platforms. Emerging trends and perspectives will be outlined, specifically for exploring new design and platforms that may bring supramolecular sensors a step closer towards practical use for multiplexed or differential sensing, higher throughput operations, real-time monitoring, reporting of biological function, as well as for environmental studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujeung Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Yuyao Kuang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Herdeline Ann M Ardoña
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bhardwaj M, Mani S, Malarvizhi R, Sali VK, Vasanthi HR. Immunomodulatory activity of brown algae Turbinaria ornata derived sulfated polysaccharide on LPS induced systemic inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 89:153615. [PMID: 34153878 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are common pathologies in a wide range of chronic diseases. Polysaccharides are known to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential and are suggested to possess immunomodulatory potential. PURPOSE Herein, the immunomodulatory activity of a sulfated polysaccharide (PS) separated from a brown marine algae Turbinaria ornata is studied in LPS instigated systemic inflammation in experimental rats. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Male SD rats are pretreated with different doses of PS (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg bw) for a week followed by inducing systemic inflammation using LPS (10 mg/kg i.p.). Blood withdrawn after 8 h of LPS injection is subjected to hematological analysis (WBC, HCT, and PLT). After 24 h of LPS induction, cardiac tissue was isolated and subjected to biochemical, molecular, and histopathological analysis. Effect of PS pre-treatment (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg bw) was checked by assessing serum parameters (AST, CK-MB, and γGT), antioxidant markers (LPO, GSH, SOD, Grx) and inflammatory markers (IL1β, IL6, IL10, NFκB), followed by analyzing the iNOS, PI3k and Akt to identify the probable mode of action. RESULTS Elevated levels of AST, CK-MB, and γGT in serum were significantly reduced on PS pretreatment. LPS significantly raised the LPO and Grx levels in heart tissue whereas, PS pre-treatment significantly reduced LPO and Grx levels. GSH and SOD levels were reduced upon LPS induction and were brought to near normal by HD of PS. PS also reduced the mRNA levels of IL6, Trx, and increased IL10 levels in the heart tissue substantiating its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potency. Further, IL1β, NFκB, iNOS, and pPI3k/pAkt expressions were significantly modulated by PS in the cardiac tissue substantiating the immunomodulatory effect. A trend of improvement in the inflammatory pathology was also observed in the heart tissue compared to LPS control, as confirmed by histopathology analysis. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study concludes the immunomodulatory potential of PS from the marine macroalgae Turbinaria ornata significantly and prevents LPS induced systemic inflammation in the cardiac tissue presumably influenced by the glucopyranose and fucopyranose subunits in the polysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Bhardwaj
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Sugumar Mani
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - R Malarvizhi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Veeresh Kumar Sali
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Hannah R Vasanthi
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Meng F, Niu J, Zhang H, Yang R, Lu Q, Niu G, Liu Z, Yu X. A pH-Sensitive Spirocyclization Strategy for Constructing a Single Fluorescent Probe Simultaneous Two-Color Visualizing of Lipid Droplets and Lysosomes and Monitoring of Lipophagy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11729-11735. [PMID: 34229431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) and lysosomes are crucial for maintaining intracellular homeostasis. But single fluorescent probes (SFPs) capable of simultaneous and discriminative visualizing of two organelles above and their interaction in living cells are still challenging due to the lack of rational design strategies. To break this bottleneck, herein, we develop a reliable strategy based on a pH-sensitive intramolecular spirocyclization. As a proof of concept, an SFP CMHCH, which possesses a switchable hemicyanine/spiro-oxazine moiety induced by pH, has been designed and synthesized. In acidic environments, the ring-open form CMHCH exhibits red-shift emission and low logP value, whereas the ring-closed form CMHC displays blue-shift emission and high logP value in neutral or basic environments. Thus, the distinct different hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity and absorption/emission properties of these two forms enable targeting LDs and lysosomes simultaneously and discriminatingly. Very importantly, the dynamic process of lipophagy can be directly monitored with CMHCH. The success of CMHCH indicated that the spirocyclization strategy is efficient for constructing SFPs to LDs and lysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Meng
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Jie Niu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Huamiao Zhang
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Qing Lu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Guangle Niu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- Center of Bio & Micro/Nano Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P.R. China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang D, Qi Y, Li Y, Song Y, Xian C, Li H, Cong P. A New Spiropyran-Based Fluorescent Probe for Dual Sensing of Ferrous Ion and pH. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:1133-1141. [PMID: 33974180 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new spiropyran-based fluorescent probe was developed for dual detection of Fe2+ ion and pH. Addition of Fe2+ and Ag+ to the probe solution enhanced the fluorescence intensity by 6 and 5 fold, respectively. Addition of Fe3+, Hg2+ and Ni2+ caused slight increase in the fluorescence intensity of the probe. While addition of other common metal ions did not bring about substantial change of the fluorescence. Thus the probe can be used for fluorescence turn-on detection of Fe2+ ion in ethanol/water (9:1) medium. The detection limit of the probe for Fe2+ is 0.77 µM. The suitable pH range for the probe to detect Fe2+ was pH 3 - 9. Other metal ions including Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, Hg2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cr3+, and Fe3+ did not cause marked interference with Fe2+ recognition. The color of the probe solution was yellow at pH 1 - 2 and colorless at other pH values. The fluorescence intensity of the probe was low at pH 1 - 12 and increased significantly when the pH was 13 and 14, indicating that the probe can be used as a colorimetric and fluorescent probe for sensing extremely acidic or extremely alkaline conditions through different channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Youguo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yanxi Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Chunying Xian
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Peihong Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 200433, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang S, Ren WX, Hou JT, Won M, An J, Chen X, Shu J, Kim JS. Fluorescence imaging of pathophysiological microenvironments. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8887-8902. [PMID: 34195735 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00083g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal microenvironments (viscosity, polarity, pH, etc.) have been verified to be closely associated with numerous pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. As a result, deep insights into these pathophysiological microenvironments are particularly beneficial for clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, the monitoring of pathophysiological microenvironments is unattainable by the traditional clinical diagnostic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. Recently, fluorescence imaging has shown tremendous advantages and potential in the tracing of pathophysiological microenvironment variations. In this context, a general discussion is provided on the state-of-the-art progress of fluorescent probes for visualizing pathophysiological microenvironments (viscosity, pH, and polarity), since 2016, as well as the future perspectives in this challenging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Podder A, Joseph MM, Biswas S, Samanta S, Maiti KK, Bhuniya S. Amphiphilic fluorescent probe self-encored in plasma to detect pH fluctuations in cancer cell membranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:607-610. [PMID: 33346278 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06694j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an amphiphilic pH probe (P1CS) to detect pH levels in the plasma membrane in cancer cells. An elevated fluorescence signal at 550 nm at the cell surface of cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, HeLa cells) prompted the application of P1CS as a pH marker for the cancer cell surface, discriminating it from normal cells (WI-38). Moreover, the probe enables labeling of the surface of multilayered tumor spheroids, which promotes its use as a marker for the surface of tumor tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Podder
- Amrita Centre for Industrial Research and Innovation, Amrita School of engineering, Coimbatore, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham 641-112, India.
| | - Manu M Joseph
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India.
| | - Shayeri Biswas
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, 700091, India. spbhuniya@jisiasr@org
| | - Sanjib Samanta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, 700091, India. spbhuniya@jisiasr@org
| | - Kaustabh K Maiti
- Chemical Sciences & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science & Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, 700091, India. spbhuniya@jisiasr@org
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Priya B, Mahajan V, Kumar N. Xanthene-based Fluorescence Turn-on Probe for Highly Acidic pH Range in Aqueous Solution. J Fluoresc 2021; 31:853-860. [PMID: 33768472 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A xanthene-based probe, Xanth-NPr, is developed as a molecular system that exhibits sensitivity for the highly acidic environments with fluorescence turn-on behavior. Xanth-NPr is designed on the principle of photoinduced electron transfer (PET), which controls the fluorescence profile of the probe. The structure of Xanth-NPr contains the dipropylaniline group as a PET promoting unit. Xanth-NPr exhibited quenched fluorescence as long as it is present in neutral or moderately acidic conditions. However, in the highly acidic pH range, it displayed a strong red-colored fluorescence at 592 nm as the protonation of dipropylaniline moiety inhibits the PET process. A model probe Xanth-M without any PET promoting unit was also synthesized. The model probe along with theoretical calculations was employed to explain the role of the PET process in regulating the fluorescence behavior of Xanth-NPr. Xanth-NPr showed linear fluorescence response as a function of pH in the range of 1 to 4.1 with the pKa value of 2.72. Likewise, its fluorescence profile is not altered by the presence of biologically relevant cations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu Priya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Vibha Mahajan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IKG-Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University, Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, 131029, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
G. Keller S, Kamiya M, Urano Y. Recent Progress in Small Spirocyclic, Xanthene-Based Fluorescent Probes. Molecules 2020; 25:E5964. [PMID: 33339370 PMCID: PMC7766215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fluorescent probes in a multitude of applications is still an expanding field. This review covers the recent progress made in small molecular, spirocyclic xanthene-based probes containing different heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, silicon, carbon) in position 10'. After a short introduction, we will focus on applications like the interaction of probes with enzymes and targeted labeling of organelles and proteins, detection of small molecules, as well as their use in therapeutics or diagnostics and super-resolution microscopy. Furthermore, the last part will summarize recent advances in the synthesis and understanding of their structure-behavior relationship including novel computational approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha G. Keller
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; (S.G.K.); (M.K.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lu Q, Wu CJ, Liu Z, Niu G, Yu X. Fluorescent AIE-Active Materials for Two-Photon Bioimaging Applications. Front Chem 2020; 8:617463. [PMID: 33381495 PMCID: PMC7767854 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.617463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has been widely used as a powerful tool for in situ and real-time visualization of important analytes and biological events in live samples with remarkably high selectivity, sensitivity, and spatial resolution. Compared with one-photon fluorescence imaging, two-photon fluorescence imaging exhibits predominant advantages of minimal photodamage to samples, deep tissue penetration, and outstanding resolution. Recently, the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials have become a preferred choice in two-photon fluorescence biological imaging because of its unique bright fluorescence in solid and aggregate states and strong resistance to photobleaching. In this review, we will exclusively summarize the applications of AIE-active materials in two-photon fluorescence imaging with some representative examples from four aspects: fluorescence detection, in vitro cell imaging, ex vivo tissue imaging, and in vivo vascular imaging. In addition, the current challenges and future development directions of AIE-active materials for two-photon bioimaging are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng-Juan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangle Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|