1
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Inose-Maruyama A, Irokawa H, Takeda K, Taguchi K, Morita M, Yamamoto M, Sasaki M, Kuge S. Bag1 protein loss sensitizes mouse embryonic fibroblasts to glutathione depletion. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024:S1355-8145(24)00075-0. [PMID: 38763404 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bcl2-associated athanogene-1 protein (Bag1) acts as a co-chaperone of heat shock protein 70 and heat shock cognate 70 (HSP70/HSC70) and regulates multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, environmental stress response, and drug resistance. Since Bag1 knockout mice exhibited fetal lethality, the in vivo function of Bag1 remains unclear. In this study, we established a mouse line expressing Bag1 gene missing exon 5, which corresponds to an encoding region for the interface of HSP70/HSC70. Despite mice carrying homoalleles of the Bag1 mutant (Bag1Δex5) expressing undetectable levels of Bag1, Bag1Δex5 homozygous mice developed without abnormalities. Bag1Δex5 protein was found to be highly unstable in cells and in vitro. We found that the growth of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Bag1Δex5-homo mice was attenuated by doxorubicin and a glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor, buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). In response to BSO, Bag1Δex5-MEFs exhibited a higher dropping rate of GSH relative to the oxidized glutathione level. In addition, Bag1 might mitigate cellular hydrogen peroxide levels. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the loss of Bag1 did not affect mouse development and that Bag1 is involved in intracellular GSH homeostasis, namely redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Inose-Maruyama
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hayato Irokawa
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouki Takeda
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sasaki
- Division of Infection and Host Defense, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shusuke Kuge
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.
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2
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Hirata Y, Nakata Y, Komatsu H, Kudoh Y, Takahashi M, Taguchi S, Noguchi T, Matsuzawa A. Roquin-2 promotes oxidative stress-induced cell death by ubiquitination-dependent degradation of TAK1. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 221:31-39. [PMID: 38729452 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive and their accumulation causes oxidative damage to cells. Cells maintain survival upon mild oxidative stress with anti-oxidative systems, such as the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system. On the other hand, upon severe oxidative stress, cells undergo regulated cell death, including apoptosis, for eliminating damaged cells. To execute efficient cell death, cells need to turn off the anti-oxidant systems, while triggering cell death. However, it remains unknown how cells orchestrate these two conflicting systems under excessive oxidative stress. Herein, we show that when cells are exposed to excessive oxidative damage, an E3 ubiquitin ligase Roquin-2 (also known as RC3H2) plays a key role in switching cell fate from survival to death by terminating activation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a positive regulator for Nrf2 activation. Roquin-2 interacted with TAK1 via four cysteine residues in TAK1 (C96, C302, C486, and C500) that are susceptible to oxidative stress and participate in oligomer formation via disulfide bonds, promoting K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of TAK1. Nrf2 was inactivated upon lethal oxidative stress in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, whereas it sustained activation and conferred resistance to Roquin-2 deficient cells, which was reversed by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TAK1. These data demonstrate that in response to excessive ROS exposure, Roquin-2 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of TAK1 to suppress Nrf2 activation, and thereby contributes to an efficient cell death, providing insight into the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuya Nakata
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiromu Komatsu
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuki Kudoh
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Miki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Soma Taguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takuya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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3
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Chahla C, Kovacic H, Ferhat L, Leloup L. Pathological Impact of Redox Post-Translational Modifications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38504589 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the development of several pathologies. The different reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during oxidative stress are at the origin of redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins and impact nucleic acids and lipids. This review provides an overview of recent data on cysteine and methionine oxidation and protein carbonylation following oxidative stress in a pathological context. Oxidation, like nitration, is a selective process and not all proteins are impacted. It depends on multiple factors, including amino acid environment, accessibility, and physical and chemical properties, as well as protein structures. Thiols can undergo reversible oxidations and others that are irreversible. On the contrary, carbonylation represents irreversible PTM. To date, hundreds of proteins were shown to be modified by ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). We reviewed recent advances in the impact of redox-induced PTMs on protein functions and activity, as well as its involvement in disease development or treatment. These data show a complex situation of the involvement of redox PTM on the function of targeted proteins. Many proteins can have their activity decreased by the oxidation of cysteine thiols or methionine S-methyl thioethers, while for other proteins, this oxidation will be activating. This complexity of redox PTM regulation suggests that a global antioxidant therapeutic approach, as often proposed, is unlikely to be effective. However, the specificity of the effect obtained by targeting a cysteine or methionine residue to be able to inactivate or activate a particular protein represents a major interest if it is possible to consider this targeting from a therapeutic point of view with our current pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Chahla
- Faculté de Médecine, INP, Institut de neurophysiopathologie, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Faculté de Médecine, INP, Institut de neurophysiopathologie, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Lotfi Ferhat
- Faculté de Médecine, INP, Institut de neurophysiopathologie, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Ludovic Leloup
- Faculté de Médecine, INP, Institut de neurophysiopathologie, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
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4
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Chatzinikolaou PN, Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, D'Alessandro A, Nikolaidis MG. Erythrocyte metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14081. [PMID: 38270467 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected and connected the available biochemical pathways and integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus of this map is on the main biochemical pathways consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen metabolism, purine/nucleoside metabolism, and membrane transport. Other recently emerging pathways are also curated, like the methionine salvage pathway, the glyoxalase system, carnitine metabolism, and the lands cycle, as well as remnants of the carboxylic acid metabolism. An additional goal of this review is to present the dynamics of erythrocyte metabolism, providing key numbers used to perform basic quantitative analyses. By synthesizing experimental and computational data, we conclude that glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and redox metabolism are the foundations of erythrocyte metabolism. Additionally, the erythrocyte can sense oxygen levels and oxidative stress adjusting its mechanics, metabolism, and function. In conclusion, fine-tuning of erythrocyte metabolism controls one of the most important biological processes, that is, oxygen loading, transport, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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5
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Guo L, Wang L, Qin G, Zhang J, Peng J, Li L, Chen X, Wang D, Qiu J, Wang E. M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates the progression of right ventricle failure by regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. J Transl Med 2023; 21:888. [PMID: 38062516 PMCID: PMC10702013 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricle failure (RVF) is a progressive heart disease that has yet to be fully understood at the molecular level. Elevated M-type pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2) tetramerization alleviates heart failure, but detailed molecular mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We observed changes in PKM2 tetramerization levels during the progression of right heart failure and in vitro cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and explored the causal relationship between altered PKM2 tetramerization and the imbalance of redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Ultimately, our goal was to propose rational intervention strategies for the treatment of RVF. METHOD We established RVF in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats by intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT). The pulmonary artery pressure and right heart function of rats were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography combined with right heart catheterization. TEPP-46 was used both in vivo and in vitro to promote PKM2 tetramerization. RESULTS We observed that oxidative stress and mitochondrial disorganization were associated with increased apoptosis in the right ventricular tissue of RVF rats. Quantitative proteomics revealed that PKM2 was upregulated during RVF and negatively correlated with the cardiac function. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization promoted mitochondrial network formation and alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis during cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Moreover, enhancing PKM2 tetramer formation improved cardiac mitochondrial morphology, mitigated oxidative stress and alleviated heart failure. CONCLUSION Disruption of PKM2 tetramerization contributed to RVF by inducing mitochondrial fragmentation, accumulating ROS, and finally promoted the progression of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Facilitating PKM2 tetramerization holds potential as a promising therapeutic approach for RVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhe Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jin Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China.
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6
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Ensink E, Jordan T, Medeiros HCD, Thurston G, Pardal A, Yu L, Lunt SY. Pyruvate Kinase Activity Regulates Cystine Starvation Induced Ferroptosis through Malic Enzyme 1 in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.557984. [PMID: 37745559 PMCID: PMC10516027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with high mortality and limited efficacious therapeutic options. PDAC cells undergo metabolic alterations to survive within a nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironment. One critical metabolic shift in PDAC cells occurs through altered isoform expression of the glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase (PK). Pancreatic cancer cells preferentially upregulate pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 isoform (PKM2). PKM2 expression reprograms many metabolic pathways, but little is known about its impact on cystine metabolism. Cystine metabolism is critical for supporting survival through its role in defense against ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death characterized by unchecked lipid peroxidation. To improve our understanding of the role of PKM2 in cystine metabolism and ferroptosis in PDAC, we generated PKM2 knockout (KO) human PDAC cells. Fascinatingly, PKM2KO cells demonstrate a remarkable resistance to cystine starvation mediated ferroptosis. This resistance to ferroptosis is caused by decreased PK activity, rather than an isoform-specific effect. We further utilized stable isotope tracing to evaluate the impact of glucose and glutamine reprogramming in PKM2KO cells. PKM2KO cells depend on glutamine metabolism to support antioxidant defenses against lipid peroxidation, primarily by increased glutamine flux through the malate aspartate shuttle and utilization of ME1 to produce NADPH. Ferroptosis can be synergistically induced by the combination of PKM2 activation and inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter in vitro. Proof-of-concept in vivo experiments demonstrate the efficacy of this mechanism as a novel treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Ensink
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tessa Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hyllana C D Medeiros
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Galloway Thurston
- College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Anmol Pardal
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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Kuo CW, Chen DH, Tsai MT, Lin CC, Cheng HW, Tsay YG, Wang HT. Pyruvate kinase M2 modification by a lipid peroxidation byproduct acrolein contributes to kidney fibrosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1151359. [PMID: 37007793 PMCID: PMC10050374 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1151359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and is characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and aberrant glycolysis. The underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis are still poorly understood, and existing treatments are only marginally effective. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the pathophysiological mechanisms behind the development of renal fibrosis and to generate novel therapeutic approaches. Acrolein, an α-,β-unsaturated aldehyde, is endogenously produced during lipid peroxidation. Acrolein shows high reactivity with proteins to form acrolein-protein conjugates (Acr-PCs), resulting in alterations in protein function. In previous research, we found elevated levels of Acr-PCs along with kidney injuries in high-fat diet-streptozotocin (HFD-STZ)-induced DN mice. This study used a proteomic approach with an anti-Acr-PC antibody followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis to identify several acrolein-modified protein targets. Among these protein targets, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was found to be modified by acrolein at Cys358, leading to the inactivation of PKM2 contributing to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through HIF1α accumulation, aberrant glycolysis, and upregulation of EMT in HFD-STZ-induced DN mice. Finally, PKM2 activity and renal fibrosis in DN mice can be reduced by acrolein scavengers such as hydralazine and carnosine. These results imply that acrolein-modified PKM2 contributes to renal fibrosis in the pathogenesis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Hao Chen
- Molecular Medicine Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsun Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Guang Tsay
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctor Degree Program in Toxicology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hsiang-Tsui Wang,
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8
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Zhu H, Li T, Li C, Liu Y, Miao Y, Liu D, Shen Q. Intracellular kynurenine promotes acetaldehyde accumulation, further inducing the apoptosis in soil beneficial fungi Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 under acid stress. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:331-351. [PMID: 36367399 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the growth of fungi Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742 was significantly inhibited under acid stress, and the genes related to acid stress were identified based on transcriptome analysis. Four genes including tna1, adh2/4, and bna3 were significantly up-regulated. Meanwhile, intracellular hydrogen ions accumulated under acid stress, and ATP synthesis was induced to transport hydrogen ions to maintain hydrogen ion balance. The enhancement of glycolysis pathway was also detected, and a large amount of pyruvic acid from glycolysis was accumulated due to the activity limitation of PDH enzymes. Finally, acetaldehyde accumulated, resulting in the induction of adh2/4. In order to cope with stress caused by acetaldehyde, cells enhanced the synthesis of NAD+ by increasing the expression of tna1 and bna3 genes. NAD+ effectively improved the antioxidant capacity of cells, but the NAD+ supplement pathway mediated by bna3 could also cause the accumulation of kynurenine (KYN), which was an inducer of apoptosis. In addition, KYN had a specific promoting effect on acetaldehyde synthesis by improving the expression of eno2 gene, which led to the extremely high intracellular acetaldehyde in the cell under acidic stress. Our findings provided a route to better understand the response of filamentous fungi under acid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Youzhi Miao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving fertilizers, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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9
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Miller WP, Sha CM, Sunilkumar S, Toro AL, VanCleave AM, Kimball SR, Dokholyan NV, Dennis MD. Activation of Disulfide Redox Switch in REDD1 Promotes Oxidative Stress Under Hyperglycemic Conditions. Diabetes 2022; 71:2764-2776. [PMID: 36170669 PMCID: PMC9750946 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The stress response protein regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) has been implicated in visual deficits in patients with diabetes. The aim here was to investigate the mechanism responsible for the increase in retinal REDD1 protein content that is observed with diabetes. We found that REDD1 protein expression was increased in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in the absence of a change in REDD1 mRNA abundance or ribosome association. Oral antioxidant supplementation reduced retinal oxidative stress and suppressed REDD1 protein expression in the retina of diabetic mice. In human retinal Müller cell cultures, hyperglycemic conditions increased oxidative stress, enhanced REDD1 expression, and inhibited REDD1 degradation independently of the proteasome. Hyperglycemic conditions promoted a redox-sensitive cross-strand disulfide bond in REDD1 at C150/C157 that was required for reduced REDD1 degradation. Discrete molecular dynamics simulations of REDD1 structure revealed allosteric regulation of a degron upon formation of the disulfide bond that disrupted lysosomal proteolysis of REDD1. REDD1 acetylation at K129 was required for REDD1 recognition by the cytosolic chaperone HSC70 and degradation by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Disruption of REDD1 allostery upon C150/C157 disulfide bond formation prevented the suppressive effect of hyperglycemic conditions on REDD1 degradation and reduced oxidative stress in cells exposed to hyperglycemic conditions. The results reveal redox regulation of REDD1 and demonstrate the role of a REDD1 disulfide switch in development of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Congzhou M. Sha
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Allyson L. Toro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Ashley M. VanCleave
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Scot R. Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Michael D. Dennis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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10
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Ying M, Hu X. Tracing the electron flow in redox metabolism: The appropriate distribution of electrons is essential to maintain redox balance in cancer cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:32-47. [PMID: 36374644 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by sustained proliferation, which requires a huge demand of fuels to support energy production and biosynthesis. Energy is produced by the oxidation of the fuels during catabolism, and biosynthesis is achieved by the reduction of smaller units or precursors. Therefore, the oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions in cancer cells are more active compared to those in the normal counterparts. The higher activity of redox metabolism also induces a more severe oxidative stress, raising the question of how cancer cells maintain the redox balance. In this review, we overview the redox metabolism of cancer cells in an electron-tracing view. The electrons are derived from the nutrients in the tumor microenvironment and released during catabolism. Most of the electrons are transferred to NAD(P) system and then directed to four destinations: energy production, ROS generation, reductive biosynthesis and antioxidant system. The appropriate distribution of these electrons achieved by the function of redox regulation network is essential to maintain redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Interfering with the electron distribution and disrupting redox balance by targeting the redox regulation network may provide therapeutic implications for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Hedysarum Polysaccharide Alleviates Oxidative Stress to Protect Against Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy via Modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Dillenberger M, Rahlfs S, Becker K, Fritz-Wolf K. Prominent role of cysteine residues C49 and C343 in regulating Plasmodiumfalciparum pyruvate kinase activity. Structure 2022; 30:1452-1461.e3. [PMID: 35998635 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes the most severe form of malaria and is highly dependent on glycolysis. Glycolytic enzymes were shown to be massively redox regulated, inter alia via oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) of their cysteine residues. In this study, we identified P. falciparum pyruvate kinase (PfPK) C49 and C343 as amino acid residues essentially involved in maintaining structural and functional integrity of the enzyme. The mutation of these cysteines resulted in an altered substrate affinity, lower enzymatic activities, and, as studied by X-ray crystallography, conformational changes within the A-domain where the substrate binding site is located. Although the loss of a cysteine evoked an impaired catalysis in both mutants, the effects observed for mutant C49A were more severe: multiple conformational changes, caused by the loss of two hydrogen bonds, impeded proper substrate binding and thus the transfer of phosphate upon catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Dillenberger
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rahlfs
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Becker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Karin Fritz-Wolf
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zoccarato A, Nabeebaccus AA, Oexner RR, Santos CXC, Shah AM. The nexus between redox state and intermediary metabolism. FEBS J 2021; 289:5440-5462. [PMID: 34496138 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not just a by-product of cellular metabolic processes but act as signalling molecules that regulate both physiological and pathophysiological processes. A close connection exists in cells between redox homeostasis and cellular metabolism. In this review, we describe how intracellular redox state and glycolytic intermediary metabolism are closely coupled. On the one hand, ROS signalling can control glycolytic intermediary metabolism by direct regulation of the activity of key metabolic enzymes and indirect regulation via redox-sensitive transcription factors. On the other hand, metabolic adaptation and reprogramming in response to physiological or pathological stimuli regulate intracellular redox balance, through mechanisms such as the generation of reducing equivalents. We also discuss the impact of these intermediary metabolism-redox circuits in physiological and disease settings across different tissues. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating these intermediary metabolism-redox circuits will be crucial to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Adam A Nabeebaccus
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Rafael R Oexner
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
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