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Karlson AML, Reutgard M, Garbaras A, Gorokhova E. Isotopic niche reflects stress-induced variability in physiological status. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171398. [PMID: 29515859 PMCID: PMC5830748 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The isotopic niche has become an established concept in trophic ecology. However, the assumptions behind this approach have rarely been evaluated. Evidence is accumulating that physiological stress can affect both magnitude and inter-individual variability of the isotopic signature in consumers via alterations in metabolic pathways. We hypothesized that stress factors (inadequate nutrition, parasite infestations, and exposure to toxic substances or varying oxygen conditions) might lead to suboptimal physiological performance and altered stable isotope signatures. The latter can be misinterpreted as alterations in isotopic niche. This hypothesis was tested by inducing physiological stress in the deposit-feeding amphipod Monoporeia affinis exposed to either different feeding regimes or contaminated sediments. In the amphipods, we measured body condition indices or reproductive output to assess growth status and δ13C and δ15N values to derive isotope niche metrics. As hypothesized, greater isotopic niche estimates were derived for the stressed animals compared to the control groups. Moreover, the δ15N values were influenced by body size, reproductive status and parasite infestations, while δ13C values were influenced by body size, oxygen conditions and survival. Using regression analysis with isotope composition and growth variables as predictors, we were able to discriminate between the amphipods exposed to nutritionally or chemically stressful conditions and those in the control groups. Thus, interpretation of isotopic niche can be confounded by natural or anthropogenic stressors that may induce an apparent change in isotopic niche. These findings stress the importance of including measures of growth and health status when evaluating stable isotope data in food web studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes M. L. Karlson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Reutgard
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrius Garbaras
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Centre for Physical Science and Technology, Savanoriu 231, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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McCann S, Day JF, Allan S, Lord CC. Age modifies the effect of body size on fecundity in Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2009; 34:174-81. [PMID: 20563290 PMCID: PMC2887682 DOI: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fecundity of mosquitoes can vary with many factors and can have a strong effect on population growth. This study reports the effects of body size, blood meal size, and age on the reproductive output of nulliparous Culex quinquefasciatus, a vector of arboviruses and other pathogens. Mated adult female mosquitoes from a colony were reared under standard conditions and fed on chickens at different ages post-eclosion. Blood meal size and wing length were recorded, as well as the number of eggs in the first-cycle egg raft. Each of these factors had a significant influence on fecundity considered in a simple regression context. Multiple regression analysis revealed a significant interaction effect between age and body size on fecundity. Up to 13 days of age, fecundity was positively correlated with body size, but in mosquitoes older than 13 days, this relationship was not significantly different from zero. These results are discussed in terms of the known physiology of this and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McCann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Watts T, Woods HA, Hargand S, Elser JJ, Markow TA. Biological stoichiometry of growth in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2006; 52:187-93. [PMID: 16310212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between growth rate, C:N:P stoichiometry, and nucleic acid content in Drosophila melanogaster. The "Growth Rate Hypothesis" predicts that N and P contents per unit body mass will be high during ontogenetic stages characterized by rapid growth, reflecting the large requirement for P-rich ribosomal RNA during these periods. The ratio of RNA:DNA also is predicted to change with changes in growth rate. Growth is rapid in early D. melanogaster larvae, slowing considerably just prior to pupation. As predicted, a positive relationship was found between growth rate and N and P content, but not C. Thus, body C:P and N:P ratios declined with increasing growth rate. The relationship between RNA content and growth rate also was positive. Additionally, the fraction of total body P contributed by ribosomal RNA increased with increasing growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Watts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0088, USA
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Tahoe NMA, Mokhtarzadeh A, Curtsinger JW. Age-related RNA decline in adult Drosophila melanogaster. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004; 59:B896-901. [PMID: 15472152 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.9.b896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the correlation between age and total RNA levels in long-lived and control lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Total RNA was extracted at 10 ages from 1-63 days posteclosion from 3 inbred lines, with replication. Three different methods of RNA quantitation gave highly correlated estimates. Total RNA declined substantially with age, exhibiting a dramatic drop in the first few days of adult life. We find no evidence for a causal relationship between adult longevity and total RNA levels, since long-lived and control lines exhibited similar patterns of age-related RNA decline. These observations suggest that the dramatic decline in total RNA that occurs early in adult life does not explain the twofold differences in life span between lines. The pattern of age-specific decline coincides with published observations on age-specific metabolic rates, and suggests that 14-day-old flies are functionally senescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzha M A Tahoe
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 100 Ecology, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul 55108, USA.
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Elser JJ, Dobberfuhl DR, MacKay NA, Schampel JH. Organism Size, Life History, and N:P Stoichiometry. Bioscience 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/1312897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 674] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates from most cancers increase exponentially with age. It is likely that this aging phenomenon is partially due to specific changes that occur in the host resulting in an increased susceptibility to neoplasia. Our hypothesis is that one such host factor is a deficiency in GSH, based on the importance of this compound in the detoxification of a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous carcinogens and free radicals, as well as in the maintenance of immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Richie
- American Health Foundation, Valhalla, New York 10595
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8
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Chaubey S, Bhatt R. Changes in the levels of nucleic acid, protein, total free amino acid and glycogen, and activity of acid phosphatase in the eggs, during normal embryonic development of the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica, stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(88)90060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abd El-Salam KA, Mourad AK. Nucleic acid changes in the whole body of the flour moth, Ephestiua kuehniella, During metamorphosis. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-1978(86)90050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lang CA, Richie JP. Biogerontological precepts of Nathan Shock which influenced our aging research. Exp Gerontol 1986; 21:235-9. [PMID: 3545870 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(86)90033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Rai N, Wadhwa R, Sharma SP. Changes in total and mitochondrial nucleic acid content in aging Caryedon serratus Oliver (Coleoptera). Exp Gerontol 1986; 21:87-91. [PMID: 2428651 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(86)90057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aging in the beetle Caryedon serratus was accompanied by a decline in total DNA content (9.28% in males and 9.79% in females). Mitochondrial DNA remained constant until the 11th day of age and then decreased gradually with advancing age in both sexes. RNA content and the RNA/DNA ratio showed similar changes in whole body as well as mitochondrial fractions. The two parameters decreased continuously and significantly (p less than 0.001) in males whereas in females an initial rise during the reproductive period was followed by decline until death. The observations suggest that there is a loss of mitochondria in the senescent period and a decline in the total nucleic acid content and protein synthetic capacity of C. serratus.
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Wadhwa R, Sharma SP. Age-associated changes in nucleic acid content in Zaprionus paravittiger. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1985; 4:157-62. [PMID: 2412502 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4943(85)90029-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/1985] [Revised: 03/20/1985] [Accepted: 03/21/1985] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mean life span of male and female Zaprionus paravittiger reared on corn meal agar medium at 26 +/- 2 degrees C was found to be 35 and 40 days, respectively. The DNA content showed a perpetual decline in both sexes. The RNA content also showed a continuous decline in males while in females a significant leap is found during the first 17 days followed by a steady decline until the 41st day. The study supports the concept that protein synthesis (RNA-DNA) and thus the biological expression during different phases of life, are controlled at the DNA-RNA level.
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BERRY SPENCERJ. Insect Nucleic Acids. Biochemistry 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-030811-1.50013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Aging in Insects. Biochemistry 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-030811-1.50024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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15
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Abstract
DNA content decreases during first 20 and 25 days of survival in male and female flies of Drosophila bipectinata respectively. RNA as well as RNA/DNA content show a similar trend in males while in females both rise significantly during the first 5 to 10 days of survival followed by a steady decline till day 25. The study suggests that decreasing nucleic acid content of aging D. bipectinata is accompanied by the decline in protein synthesizing capacity.
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Brogdon WG. Mosquito protein microassay. I. Protein determinations from small portions of single-mosquito homogenates. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 79:457-9. [PMID: 6509934 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(84)90405-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A microassay is described for determining protein levels in individual mosquitoes. This method requires only a small portion of a homogenate of a single mosquito. Protein levels in Anopheles albimanus are positively correlated with body weight. Protein levels for different geographic strains of Anopheles albimanus and different generations of laboratory rearings are compared.
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17
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Brogdon WG. Mosquito protein microassay. II. Modification for potential field use. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 79:461-4. [PMID: 6509935 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(84)90406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A simple microassay is described for determining protein levels in individual mosquitoes; this method should be useful on a routine basis in the field. This method requires only a small portion of a homogenate of a single mosquito. Sugar-fed adult female Anopheles albimanus showed a slow decline in protein level for 14 days post-emergence. Blood volumes and blood-meal protein levels were microassayed, and changes in protein level were monitored throughout the reproductive cycle. Blood-fed Anopheles albimanus protein levels return only slowly to pre-feeding levels following egg deposition.
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Hazelton GA, Lang CA. Glutathione biosynthesis in the aging adult yellow-fever mosquito [Aedes aegypti (Louisville)]. Biochem J 1983; 210:289-95. [PMID: 6860301 PMCID: PMC1154223 DOI: 10.1042/bj2100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Our previous findings [Hazelton & Lang (1978) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 37(6), 2378 (abstr.)] demonstrated a senescence-specific decrease in glutathione (GSH) concentration in the yellow-fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (Louisville)]. As a possible mechanism for this change, GSH biosynthesis was investigated in adult mosquitoes of different ages through the life-span. Biosynthesis was measured as the incorporation rate of [14C]glycine or [14C]cystine into glutathione. Essential information to validate the procedure was also obtained on the precursor-amino-acid pool sizes and kinetic parameters such as lag-time and time course of incorporation. Also, synthesis de novo rather than exchange was verified using buthionine sulphoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis. The synthetic rates with either amino acid precursor varied throughout the adult life-span, but the patterns for both precursors were essentially identical. Biosynthesis was high in the newly emerged adult and decreased 62-70% (P less than 0.005) to a plateau during maturity. From the mature value there was a decrease of 36-41% (P less than 0.005) to a new plateau during senescence. Glutathione biosynthesis and concentration were correlated throughout maturity and senescence (r = 0.982) and thus biosynthesis was proportional to glutathione content. On this basis we concluded that impaired biosynthesis is the major and perhaps sole mechanism for the aging decrease in glutathione content.
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Sharma G, Sharma SP. Age-dependent changes in esterases of Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera). Exp Aging Res 1981; 7:107-15. [PMID: 7274317 DOI: 10.1080/03610738108259793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Age-dependent changes, quantitative as well as qualitative, in esterase activity were found by assaying crude extracts of Callosobruchus maculatus. There is increase in esterase activity in both the sexes with advancing age in bruchids. Esterase from old bruchids showed several additional electrophoretic bands which did not appear in assays of young bruchids; in addition there is an increase in staining intensity of the bands. A rapid increase in esterase activity during the last days of life may be responsible for producing energy used in various metabolic processes in an attempt to escape death.
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Protein and RNA synthesis in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum during different stages of development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(81)90084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Miquel J, Johnson JE. Senescent changes in the ribosomes of animal cells in vivo and in vitro. Mech Ageing Dev 1979; 9:247-66. [PMID: 374895 DOI: 10.1016/0047-6374(79)90103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mills BJ, Lang CA. The biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid during the life-span of the mosquito. Biochem J 1976; 154:481-90. [PMID: 938460 PMCID: PMC1172728 DOI: 10.1042/bj1540481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous results from this laboratory [Kao et al, (1976) Biochem. J. 154, 471-480] demonstrated that a low-molecular-weight DNA species, "sDNA", present in high concentrations during rapid larval growth of the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, may be an intermediate in DNA replication. We have now determined the life-span profiles of synthetic rates and the steady-state contents of sDNA and total DNA by radiometric and biochemical procedures and by using mosquitoes grown and maintained under defined and controlled conditions, including axenic culture and synchronization of stages. 2. Our results showed exponential increases in DNA contents and synthetic rates which paralleled the changes in weight during larval growth. Of special importance was the finding that in rapidly-growing larvae and newly-emerged adult mosquitoes high contents and rates of synthesis of sDNA were correlated with increases in total DNA/organism, which suggests that sDNA content may be an index of DNA replication. In senescent mosquitos a twofold increase in the synthetic rate of bulk DNA ("pDNA") without an increase in sDNA may reflect repair synthesis. 3. The significance of this investigation is that it may be the first quantitative and systematic description of the synthetic rates and contents of both DNA-replication intermediates and total DNA in an axenic, eukaryotic organism rather than a specific cell type. Equally important is that these findings describe DNA changes during growth and also during aging through senescence in an age-characterized organism.
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Kao PC, Beyer CF, Lang CA. A deoxyribonucleic acid-replication intermediate in the growing mosquito. Biochem J 1976; 154:471-80. [PMID: 938459 PMCID: PMC1172727 DOI: 10.1042/bj1540471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In previous experiments on growth and aging in the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a low mol. wt. (500000) DNA species was found in the supernatant fraction after ultracentrifugation of homogenates of rapidly-growing larvae. This DNA species, "sDNA", constituted 30-40% of total DNA in 2-4-day-old larvae, but was less than 5% in older larvae, pupae and adults. We have now isolated and characterized sDNA and initiated experiments to determine its metabolic role. Isolated sDNA has the same physical and chemical characteristics as bulk DNA, "pDNA", and differs only in size. In CsCl isopycnic centrifugation the buoyant densities of sDNA and pDNA were 1.700 and 1.697 g/cm3 respectively. The "melting" temperature of both DNA species was 84 degrees C. Base compositions calculated from these data and other methods were 38.9 mol% of guanine-plus-cytosine for sDNA, and 38.5 for pDNA. Also, the size of newly-synthesized DNA was investigated by pulse-labelling and pulse-chase experiments. In neutral sucrose gradients the labelled DNA component after a 2h pulse had a sedimentation coefficient of about 8S, but after a 4h pulse sedimented in a broad band from 10-19S. In alkaline sucrose gradients a single peak around 7S was observed for pulse times up to 4h. After a 6h pulse and a 1 day "chase", labelled DNA species had sedimentation coefficients ranging from 10-15S in alkaline sucrose, and after a 2-day chase the values were 17-31S, similar to those of pDNA under alkaline conditions. These results suggest that sDNA represents an intermediate form in the replication of DNA in mosquito larvae.
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Schmidt GH, Schwankl W, Wirth B. Histochemische charakterisierung der hämolymphe-proteine aus kokonstadien von Formica-arten nach polyacrylamidelektrophorese. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1790(76)90042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Florini JR, Geary S, Saito Y, Manowitz EJ, Sorrentino RS. Changes in protein synthesis in heart. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1975; 61:149-62. [PMID: 126638 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9032-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kapeller-Adler R, Hammad WA. A biochemical study on nucleic acids and protein synthesis in the human fetus and its correlation with relevant embryological data. THE JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY OF THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH 1972; 79:924-30. [PMID: 5085834 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1972.tb12190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Fontaine JC, Swartz FJ. Fluctuations of Feulgen- and diphenylamine-DNA in peripheral leukocytes. J Cell Physiol 1972; 80:281-90. [PMID: 4674185 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1040800216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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30
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McGeachin RL, Willis TG, Roulston EF, Lang CA. Variations in alpha-amylase during the life span of the mosquito. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 43:185-91. [PMID: 4653161 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(72)90215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Burcombe JV, Hollingsworth MJ. The total nitrogen, protein, amino acid and uric acid ntent of ageing Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 1970; 5:247-55. [PMID: 5505588 DOI: 10.1016/0531-5565(70)90045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Untersuchungen zum Proteinstoffwechsel bei alternden Adultm�nnchen, Larven des Wildtyps und der Letalmutanten (ltr und lme) von Drosophila melanogaster. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1969. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00297945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lang CA, Stephan JK. Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate enzymes in the mosquito during growth and aging. Biochem J 1967; 102:331-7. [PMID: 4382147 PMCID: PMC1270244 DOI: 10.1042/bj1020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Optimum conditions were established for determining the activities of the NADP(+)-linked enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, in mosquito tissues. 2. The activity of each dehydrogenase was determined in samples of mosquitoes of different ages throughout the life-span. The specific-activity curves attained maximal values in the pupal or early adult period. From these maxima an 81% decrease in glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase and 67% decrease in 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase activities occurred after the tenth day of adult life; a 77% decrease in isocitrate-dehydrogenase activity occurred before the fifth day. 3. The activity differences were found in different body regions as well as in whole organisms. 4. Starvation of the larva or adult did not result in decreases in enzyme activity. 5. These findings support the hypothesis that the activities of enzymes that form NADPH are related to the biosynthetic activity, for the enzyme activities increased during the period of cellular growth and decreased during the aging period.
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Akov S. Effect of folic acid antagonists on larval development and egg production in Aedes aegypti. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 1967; 13:913-923. [PMID: 6038000 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1910(67)90054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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37
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Anderson BM, Lang CA. Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide pyrophosphatase in the growing and aging mosquito. Biochem J 1966; 101:392-6. [PMID: 4381708 PMCID: PMC1270119 DOI: 10.1042/bj1010392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. The disappearance of pyridine nucleotides during incubation with mosquito homogenates proceeds through the hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate linkage of these compounds as demonstrated by the formation of NMN and AMP from NAD(+). This reaction was also demonstrated by the loss in the coenzyme functioning property of NAD(+) (yeast alcohol dehydrogenase reaction) without a concomitant loss in reactivity towards cyanide. Transglycosidase activity was not observed in the mosquito homogenates, and low concentrations of nicotinamide did not inhibit the NAD(+) splitting activity of these homogenates. These observations are all in accord with the presence in these homogenates of a NAD(+) pyrophosphatase rather than a NADase. 2. The NAD(+) pyrophosphatase is destroyed by boiling, is not heat-activated, and has a pH optimum at pH8.75. In addition to NAD(+), other dinucleotides such as NADP(+), the 3-acetylpyridine and thionicotinamide analogues of NAD(+) and the thionicotinamide analogue of NADP(+), function as substrates in the hydrolysis catalysed by the pyrophosphatase. 3. A decrease in the specific activity of NAD(+) pyrophosphatase was observed during larval development, and a barely detectable activity was found in the pupa and adult. 4. Enzyme activity per organism increased in the larva but decreased to a very low value in the pupa and adult. These results indicate that the decrease in specific activity was due to a decrease in enzyme concentration rather than an increase in amounts of protein.
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Creasey WA, Papac RJ, Markiw ME, Calabresi P, Welch AD. Biochemical and pharmacological studies with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in man. Biochem Pharmacol 1966; 15:1417-28. [PMID: 4291357 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(66)90186-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Church RB, Robertson FW. A biochemical study of the growth ofDrosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1966. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401620309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lang CA, Meins F. A soluble deoxyribonucleic acid in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1966; 55:1525-31. [PMID: 5227670 PMCID: PMC224354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.55.6.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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