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Zhang M, Bi X. Heat Shock Proteins and Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:876. [PMID: 38255948 PMCID: PMC10815085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are a group of stress-induced proteins involved in protein folding and maturation. Based on their molecular weight, Hsps can be divided into six families: small Hsps, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, and large Hsps. In the process of breast cancer tumorigenesis, Hsps play a central role in regulating cell reactions and functions including proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. Moreover, some of the critical Hsps also regulate the fine balance between the protective and destructive immunological responses within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we systematically summarize the roles of major Hsps in breast cancer biology and point out the potential uses of these proteins in breast cancer diagnosis and therapy. Understanding the roles of different families of Hsps in breast cancer pathogenesis will help in the development of more effective prevention and treatment measures for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Xiaowen Bi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China;
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The Role of Protein Kinase CK2 in Development and Disease Progression: A Critical Review. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10030031. [PMID: 35997395 PMCID: PMC9397010 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous holoenzyme involved in a wide array of developmental processes. The involvement of CK2 in events such as neurogenesis, cardiogenesis, skeletogenesis, and spermatogenesis is essential for the viability of almost all organisms, and its role has been conserved throughout evolution. Further into adulthood, CK2 continues to function as a key regulator of pathways affecting crucial processes such as osteogenesis, adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, neuron differentiation, and the immune response. Due to its vast role in a multitude of pathways, aberrant functioning of this kinase leads to embryonic lethality and numerous diseases and disorders, including cancer and neurological disorders. As a result, CK2 is a popular target for interventions aiming to treat the aforementioned diseases. Specifically, two CK2 inhibitors, namely CX-4945 and CIBG-300, are in the early stages of clinical testing and exhibit promise for treating cancer and other disorders. Further, other researchers around the world are focusing on CK2 to treat bone disorders. This review summarizes the current understanding of CK2 in development, the structure of CK2, the targets and signaling pathways of CK2, the implication of CK2 in disease progression, and the recent therapeutics developed to inhibit the dysregulation of CK2 function in various diseases.
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Velasco L, Dublang L, Moro F, Muga A. The Complex Phosphorylation Patterns that Regulate the Activity of Hsp70 and Its Cochaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174122. [PMID: 31450862 PMCID: PMC6747476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins must fold into their native structure and maintain it during their lifespan to display the desired activity. To ensure proper folding and stability, and avoid generation of misfolded conformations that can be potentially cytotoxic, cells synthesize a wide variety of molecular chaperones that assist folding of other proteins and avoid their aggregation, which unfortunately is unavoidable under acute stress conditions. A protein machinery in metazoa, composed of representatives of the Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hsp110 chaperone families, can reactivate protein aggregates. We revised herein the phosphorylation sites found so far in members of these chaperone families and the functional consequences associated with some of them. We also discuss how phosphorylation might regulate the chaperone activity and the interaction of human Hsp70 with its accessory and client proteins. Finally, we present the information that would be necessary to decrypt the effect that post-translational modifications, and especially phosphorylation, could have on the biological activity of the Hsp70 system, known as the “chaperone code”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Velasco
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Dublang
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Arturo Muga
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Goloubinoff P. Editorial: The HSP70 Molecular Chaperone Machines. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:1. [PMID: 28174697 PMCID: PMC5258742 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Goloubinoff
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lee SW, Rho JH, Lee SY, Yoo SH, Kim HY, Chung WT, Yoo YH. Alpha B-Crystallin Protects Rat Articular Chondrocytes against Casein Kinase II Inhibition-Induced Apoptosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166450. [PMID: 27851782 PMCID: PMC5112790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although alpha (α)B-crystallin is expressed in articular chondrocytes, little is known about its role in these cells. Protein kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibition induces articular chondrocyte death. The present study examines whether αB-crystallin exerts anti-apoptotic activity in articular chondrocytes. Primary rat articular chondrocytes were isolated from knee joint slices. Cells were treated with CK2 inhibitors with or without αB-crystallin siRNA. To examine whether the silencing of αB-crystallin sensitizes rat articular chondrocytes to CK2 inhibition-induced apoptosis, we assessed apoptosis by performing viability assays, mitochondrial membrane potential measurements, flow cytometry, nuclear morphology observations, and western blot analysis. To investigate the mechanism by which αB-crystallin modulates the extent of CK2 inhibition-mediated chondrocyte death, we utilized confocal microscopy to observe the subcellular location of αB-crystallin and its phosphorylated forms and performed a co-immunoprecipitation assay to observe the interaction between αB-crystallin and CK2. Immunochemistry was employed to examine αB-crystallin expression in cartilage obtained from rats with experimentally induced osteoarthritis (OA). Our results demonstrated that silencing of αB-crystallin sensitized rat articular chondrocytes to CK2 inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, CK2 inhibition modulated the expression and subcellular localization of αB-crystallin and its phosphorylated forms and dissociated αB-crystallin from CK2. The population of rat articular chondrocytes expressing αB-crystallin and its phosphorylated forms was reduced in an experimentally induced rat model of OA. In summary, αB-crystallin protects rat articular chondrocytes against CK2 inhibition-induced apoptosis. αB-crystallin may represent a suitable target for pharmacological interventions to prevent OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Won Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Rho
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Chung
- Department of Rheumatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Mitochondria Hub Regulation Center, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Zuo D, Subjeck J, Wang XY. Unfolding the Role of Large Heat Shock Proteins: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 26973652 PMCID: PMC4771732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of eukaryotes are evolutionarily conserved molecules present in all the major intracellular organelles. They mainly function as molecular chaperones and participate in maintenance of protein homeostasis in physiological state and under stressful conditions. Despite their relative abundance, the large HSPs, i.e., Hsp110 and glucose-regulated protein 170 (Grp170), have received less attention compared to other conventional HSPs. These proteins are distantly related to the Hsp70 and belong to Hsp70 superfamily. Increased sizes of Hsp110 and Grp170, due to the presence of a loop structure, result in their exceptional capability in binding to polypeptide substrates or non-protein ligands, such as pathogen-associated molecules. These interactions that occur in the extracellular environment during tissue injury or microbial infection may lead to amplification of an immune response engaging both innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review the current advances in understanding these large HSPs as molecular chaperones in proteostasis control and immune modulation as well as their therapeutic implications in treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. Given their unique immunoregulatory activities, we also discuss the emerging evidence of their potential involvement in inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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7
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Dangi SS, Gupta M, Dangi SK, Chouhan VS, Maurya VP, Kumar P, Singh G, Sarkar M. Expression of HSPs: an adaptive mechanism during long-term heat stress in goats (Capra hircus). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2015; 59:1095-1106. [PMID: 25348887 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Menacing global rise in surface temperature compelled more focus of research over understanding heat stress response mechanism of animals and mitigation of heat stress. Twenty-four goats divided into four groups (n = 6) such as NHS (non-heat-stressed), HS (heat-stressed), HS + VC (heat-stressed administered with vitamin C), and HS + VE + Se (heat-stressed administered with vitamin E and selenium). Except NHS group, other groups were exposed to repeated heat stress (42 °C) for 6 h on 16 consecutive days. Blood samples were collected at the end of heat exposure on days 1, 6, 11, and 16. When groups compared between days, expression of all heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed a similar pattern as first peak on day 1, reached to basal level on the sixth day, and followed by second peak on day 16. The relative messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of HSP 60, HSP70, and HSP90 was observed highest (P < 0.05) in HS group, followed by antioxidant-administered group on days 1 and 16, which signifies that antioxidants have dampening effect on HSP expression. HSP105/110 expression was highest (P < 0.05) on day 16. We conclude that HSP expression pattern is at least two-peak phenomenon, i.e., primary window of HSP protection on the first day followed by second window of protection on day 16. HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 play an important role during the initial phase of heat stress acclimation whereas HSP105/110 joins this cascade at later phase. Antioxidants may possibly attenuate the HSP expression by reducing the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaveer Singh Dangi
- Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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8
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Sousa R, Lafer EM. The role of molecular chaperones in clathrin mediated vesicular trafficking. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:26. [PMID: 26042225 PMCID: PMC4436892 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that the 70 kD “uncoating ATPase,” which removes clathrin coats from vesicles after endocytosis, is the constitutively expressed Hsc70 chaperone was a surprise. Subsequent work, however, revealed that uncoating is an archetypal Hsp70 reaction: the cochaperone auxilin, which contains a clathrin binding domain and an Hsc70 binding J domain, recruits Hsc70*ATP to the coat and, concomitant with ATP hydrolysis, transfers it to a hydrophobic Hsc70-binding element found on a flexible tail at the C-terminus of the clathrin heavy chain. Release of clathrin in association with Hsc70*ADP follows, and the subsequent, persistent association of clathrin with Hsc70 is important to prevent aberrant clathrin polymerization. Thus, the two canonical functions of Hsp70—dissociation of existing protein complexes or aggregates, and binding to a protein to inhibit its inappropriate aggregation—are recapitulated in uncoating. Association of clathrin with Hsc70 in vivo is regulated by Hsp110, an Hsp70 NEF that is itself a member of the Hsp70 family. How Hsp110 activity is itself regulated to make Hsc70-free clathrin available for endocytosis is unclear, though at synapses it's possible that the influx of calcium that accompanies depolarization activates the Ca++/calmodulin dependent calcineurin phosphatase which then dephosphorylates and activates Hsp110 to stimulate ADP/ATP exchange and release clathrin from Hsc70*ADP:clathrin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eileen M Lafer
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio, TX, USA
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9
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Dangi SS, Gupta M, Nagar V, Yadav VP, Dangi SK, Shankar O, Chouhan VS, Kumar P, Singh G, Sarkar M. Impact of short-term heat stress on physiological responses and expression profile of HSPs in Barbari goats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:2085-2093. [PMID: 24609928 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Six, nonpregnant, Barbari goats aged 4-5 years were selected for the study. For the first 6 days, the animals were kept in psychrometric chamber at thermoneutral temperature for 6 h each day to make them acclimated to climatic chamber. On the 7th day, the animals were exposed to 41 °C temperature for 3 h and then to 45 °C for the next 3 h. Cardinal physiological responses were measured, and blood samples (3 ml) were collected at 1-h interval during the heat exposure period and then once after 6 h of the heat exposure. The rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate (RR) increased significantly (P < 0.05) during the heat exposure compared to pre- and postexposure. The relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of heat shock protein (HSP)60, HSP70, and HSP90 increased significantly (P < 0.05) within 1 h after exposure to heat stress at 41 and 45 °C and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in next 2 h but remain significantly (P < 0.05) elevated from preexposure. HSP105/110 relative mRNA expression level remained unchanged during the first 4 h, and thereafter, it increased significantly (P < 0.05) and reached the peak at 6 h. Relative protein expression pattern of HSPs during exposure to heat stress showed similar trend as observed for the relative mRNA expression. Given the response sensitivity and intensity of HSP genes to environmental stresses, HSP70 was found to be the most sensitive to temperature fluctuation, and it could be used as an important molecular biomarker to heat stress in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaveer Singh Dangi
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Micheva-Viteva SN, Shou Y, Nowak-Lovato KL, Rector KD, Hong-Geller E. c-KIT signaling is targeted by pathogenic Yersinia to suppress the host immune response. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:249. [PMID: 24206648 PMCID: PMC3827001 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenic Yersinia species exhibit a primarily extracellular lifestyle through manipulation of host signaling pathways that regulate pro-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine release. To identify host genes that are targeted by Yersinia during the infection process, we performed an RNA interference (RNAi) screen based on recovery of host NF-κB-mediated gene activation in response to TNF-α stimulation upon Y. enterocolitica infection. Results We screened shRNAs against 782 genes in the human kinome and 26 heat shock genes, and identified 19 genes that exhibited ≥40% relative increase in NF-κB reporter gene activity. The identified genes function in multiple cellular processes including MAP and ERK signaling pathways, ion channel activity, and regulation of cell growth. Pre-treatment with small molecule inhibitors specific for the screen hits c-KIT and CKII recovered NF-κB gene activation and/or pro-inflammatory TNF-α cytokine release in multiple cell types, in response to either Y. enterocolitica or Y. pestis infection. Conclusions We demonstrate that pathogenic Yersinia exploits c-KIT signaling in a T3SS-dependent manner to downregulate expression of transcription factors EGR1 and RelA/p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study is the first major functional genomics RNAi screen to elucidate virulence mechanisms of a pathogen that is primarily dependent on extracellular-directed immunomodulation of host signaling pathways for suppression of host immunity.
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Hsp105 reduces the protein aggregation and cytotoxicity by expanded-polyglutamine proteins through the induction of Hsp70. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2424-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Treharne KJ, Xu Z, Chen JH, Best OG, Cassidy DM, Gruenert DC, Hegyi P, Gray MA, Sheppard DN, Kunzelmann K, Mehta A. Inhibition of protein kinase CK2 closes the CFTR Cl channel, but has no effect on the cystic fibrosis mutant deltaF508-CFTR. Cell Physiol Biochem 2009; 24:347-60. [PMID: 19910675 DOI: 10.1159/000257427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deletion of phenylalanine-508 (DeltaF508) from the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) in the wild-type cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane-conductance regulator (wtCFTR) causes CF. However, the mechanistic relationship between DeltaF508-CFTR and the diversity of CF disease is unexplained. The surface location of F508 on NBD1 creates the potential for protein-protein interactions and nearby, lies a consensus sequence (SYDE) reported to control the pleiotropic protein kinase CK2. METHODS Electrophysiology, immunofluorescence and biochemistry applied to CFTR-expressing cells, Xenopus oocytes, pancreatic ducts and patient biopsies. RESULTS Irrespective of PKA activation, CK2 inhibition (ducts, oocytes, cells) attenuates CFTR-dependent Cl(-) transport, closing wtCFTR in cell-attached membrane patches. CK2 and wtCFTR co-precipitate and CK2 co-localized with wtCFTR (but not DeltaF508-CFTR) in apical membranes of human airway biopsies. Comparing wild-type and DeltaF508CFTR expressing oocytes, only DeltaF508-CFTR Cl(-) currents were insensitive to two CK2 inhibitors. Furthermore, wtCFTR was inhibited by injecting a peptide mimicking the F508 region, whereas the DeltaF508-equivalent peptide had no effect. CONCLUSIONS CK2 controls wtCFTR, but not DeltaF508-CFTR. Others find that peptides from the F508 region of NBD1 allosterically control CK2, acting through F508. Hence, disruption of CK2-CFTR interaction by DeltaF508-CFTR might disrupt multiple, membrane-associated, CK2-dependent pathways, creating a new molecular disease paradigm for deleted F508 in CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Treharne
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Lung Biology, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, UK
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Saito Y, Yamagishi N, Hatayama T. Nuclear localization mechanism of Hsp105beta and its possible function in mammalian cells. J Biochem 2008; 145:185-91. [PMID: 19028714 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp105alpha and Hsp105beta are mammalian stress proteins of the Hsp105/110 family. We have shown that Hsp105beta localizes to the nucleus, whereas Hsp105alpha localizes to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Hsp105alpha localizes in the cytoplasm, as the nuclear export signal (NES) activity rather than nuclear localization signal (NLS) activity dominates in Hsp105alpha, due to suppression of the NLS activity. In this study, we determined the mechanisms behind the nuclear localization of Hsp105beta, and revealed that the NES was suppressed by the N-terminal (amino acids 3-10) or C-terminal (amino acids 699-756) region of Hsp105beta, and the NLS activity rather than NES activity seemed to dominate in Hsp105beta. Furthermore, as Hsp105beta which localizes in the nucleus, functioned as an inducer of Hsp70 in mammalian cells, Hsp105 family proteins may play an important role in the protection of cells against deleterious stressor together with Hsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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14
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Saito Y, Yamagishi N, Hatayama T. Different localization of Hsp105 family proteins in mammalian cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:3707-17. [PMID: 17643418 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hsp105alpha and Hsp105beta of the HSP105 family are alternatively spliced products derived from an hsp 105 gene transcript. Hsp105alpha is constitutively expressed and also induced by various stress, whereas Hsp105beta, lacking 44 amino acids from Hsp105alpha, is specifically expressed during mild heat shock. Although Hsp105alpha is shown to localize in the cytoplasm of mammalian cells, cellular localization of Hsp105beta is not known. In this study, we showed that Hsp105beta localized in the nucleus of cells in contrast to cytoplasmic Hsp105alpha, suggesting that these proteins function in different cellular compartments of cells. Using deletion and substitution mutants of Hsp105alpha and Hsp105beta, we revealed that these proteins had a functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES). Furthermore, Hsp105alpha accumulated in the nucleus of cells when treated with leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of NES-dependent nuclear export. siRNA for importin beta, an essential component for NLS-dependent nuclear transport, inhibited the nuclear localization of Hsp105beta. Furthermore, the 44 amino acids sequence found in Hsp105alpha but not in Hsp105beta suppressed the NLS activity. Thus, the different localization of Hsp105alpha and Hsp105beta is suggested to be due to the suppressed NLS activity in Hsp105alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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15
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Treharne KJ, Crawford RM, Xu Z, Chen JH, Best OG, Schulte EA, Gruenert DC, Wilson SM, Sheppard DN, Kunzelmann K, Mehta A. Protein Kinase CK2, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator, and the ΔF508 Mutation. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10804-13. [PMID: 17289674 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610956200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of phenylalanine 508 (DeltaF508) from the first nucleotide-binding domain (NBD1) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the most common mutation in cystic fibrosis. The F508 region lies within a surface-exposed loop that has not been assigned any interaction with associated proteins. Here we demonstrate that the pleiotropic protein kinase CK2 that controls protein trafficking, cell proliferation, and development binds wild-type CFTR near F508 and phosphorylates NBD1 at Ser-511 in vivo and that mutation of Ser-511 disrupts CFTR channel gating. Importantly, the interaction of CK2 with NBD1 is selectively abrogated by the DeltaF508 mutation without disrupting four established CFTR-associated kinases and two phosphatases. Loss of CK2 association is functionally corroborated by the insensitivity of DeltaF508-CFTR to CK2 inhibition, the absence of CK2 activity in DeltaF508 CFTR-expressing cell membranes, and inhibition of CFTR channel activity by a peptide that mimics the F508 region of CFTR (but not the equivalent DeltaF508 peptide). Disruption of this CK2-CFTR association is the first described DeltaF508-dependent protein-protein interaction that provides a new molecular paradigm in the most frequent form of cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Treharne
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Raggiaschi R, Lorenzetto C, Diodato E, Caricasole A, Gotta S, Terstappen GC. Detection of phosphorylation patterns in rat cortical neurons by combining phosphatase treatment and DIGE technology. Proteomics 2006; 6:748-56. [PMID: 16372257 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although protein phosphorylation is probably the most studied post-translational modification occurring in cells, the number of proteins, which are the target of this modification, is still largely unknown. Increasing the coverage of the phosphoproteome as well as the detection of variation at the phosphorylation level would be very helpful for understanding the mechanisms of cell life and the modifications of the cell state leading to pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration. In order to further investigate variations occurring at the phosphorylation level, we have initiated the creation of a reference map of phosphorylated proteins in rat cortical neurons, employing a combination of phosphatase treatment and 2-DE/differential in gel electrophoresis technology. About 131 spots were recognized as phosphorylated proteins as they showed different migration behaviour after phosphatase treatment. The analysis of 42 selected spots was carried out by LC/MS/MS technology resulting in the identification of two new phosphoproteins.
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Kampinga HH. Chaperones in preventing protein denaturation in living cells and protecting against cellular stress. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005:1-42. [PMID: 16610353 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29717-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A variety of cellular internal and external stress conditions can be classified as proteotoxic stresses. Proteotoxic stresses can be defined as stresses that increase the fraction of proteins that are in an unfolded state, thereby enhancing the probability of the formation of intracellular aggregates. These aggregates, if not disposed, can lead to cell death. In response to the appearance of damaged proteins, cells induce the expression of heat shock proteins. These can function as molecular chaperones to prevent protein aggregation and to keep proteins in a state competent for either refolding or degradation. Most knowledge of the function and regulation (by co-factors) of individual heat shock proteins comes from cell free studies on refolding of heat- or chemically denatured, purified proteins. Unlike the experimental situation in a test tube, cells contain multiple chaperones and co-factors often moving in and out different subcompartments that contain a variety of protein substrates at different folding states. Also, within cells folding competes with the degradative machinery. In this chapter, an overview will be provided on how the main cytosolic/nuclear chaperone Hsp70 is regulated, what is known about its interaction with other main cytosolic/nuclear chaperone families (Hsp27, Hsp90, and Hsp110), and how it may function as a molecular chaperone in living mammalian cells to protect against proteotoxic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Kampinga
- Department of Cell Biology, Section of Radiation and Stress Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Yamagishi N, Ishihara K, Hatayama T. Hsp105alpha suppresses Hsc70 chaperone activity by inhibiting Hsc70 ATPase activity. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:41727-33. [PMID: 15292236 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407947200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp105alpha is a mammalian member of the HSP105/110 family, a diverged subgroup of the HSP70 family. Hsp105alpha associates with Hsp70/Hsc70 as complexes in vivo and regulates the chaperone activity of Hsp70/Hsc70 negatively in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we examined the mechanisms by which Hsp105alpha regulates Hsc70 chaperone activity. Using a series of deletion mutants of Hsp105alpha and Hsc70, we found that the interaction between Hsp105alpha and Hsc70 was necessary for the suppression of Hsc70 chaperone activity by Hsp105alpha. Furthermore, Hsp105alpha and deletion mutants of Hsp105alpha that interacted with Hsc70 suppressed the ATPase activity of Hsc70, with the concomitant appearance of ATPase activity of Hsp105alpha. As the ATPase activity of Hsp70/Hsc70 is essential for the efficient folding of nonnative protein substrates, Hsp105alpha is suggested to regulate the substrate binding cycle of Hsp70/Hsc70 by inhibiting the ATPase activity of Hsp70/Hsc70, thereby functioning as a negative regulator of the Hsp70/Hsc70 chaperone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Saito Y, Doi K, Yamagishi N, Ishihara K, Hatayama T. Screening of Hsp105alpha-binding proteins using yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 314:396-402. [PMID: 14733918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hsp105alpha is a 105-kDa stress protein, which is expressed constitutively at especially high levels in the brain compared with other tissues in mammals, and is also induced by a variety of stressors. Recently, we have shown that Hsp105alpha binds to alpha-tubulin and prevents the heat-induced disaggregation of microtubules. To further elucidate the function of Hsp105alpha, we searched for Hsp105alpha-binding proteins by screening a mouse FM3A cell library and human and mouse brain cDNA libraries using the yeast and bacterial two-hybrid systems. We showed here that Hsp105alpha interacted with several cellular proteins, such as cofilin, dynein light chain 2A, alpha-adducin, ubiquitin activating enzyme E1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1, and platelet-activating factor acethylhydrolase alpha1-subunit. The interaction was validated by the results of a pull-down assay and indirect immunofluorescence analysis. The significance of Hsp105alpha and Hsp105alpha-binding proteins in cells was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 607-8414 Kyoto, Japan
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Cardellini E, Felici F, Gianfranceschi GL. Identification of peptides mimicking the ligands of proteins phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2. Peptides 2004; 25:191-7. [PMID: 15063000 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2003.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic peptides containing a phosphorylation site for protein kinase CK2 were used to investigate their binding properties to other peptides/proteins. The aim of this work was to find an efficient procedure to search for these peptide/protein ligands. The goal was successfully achieved through screening of random peptide libraries displayed on phage. Peptides corresponding to the amino terminal region of topoisomerase I were synthesized in both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated form and used to screen the libraries. Four of the selected sequences were also tested for their reactivity with synthetic peptides corresponding to the carboxy terminal region of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. The positive reaction detected supports the hypothesis that the isolated sequences may represent mimics of ligands of proteins phosphorylated by protein kinase CK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cardellini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Molecolare, Sez. di Fisiologia e Biofisica, Università di Perugia, Via Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Yamagishi N, Ishihara K, Saito Y, Hatayama T. Hsp105 but not Hsp70 family proteins suppress the aggregation of heat-denatured protein in the presence of ADP. FEBS Lett 2004; 555:390-6. [PMID: 14644449 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)01292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hsp105alpha and Hsp105beta are mammalian members of the Hsp105/110 family, a diverged subgroup of the Hsp70 family. Here, we show that Hsp105alpha and Hsp105beta bind non-native protein through the beta-sheet domain and suppress the aggregation of heat-denatured protein in the presence of ADP rather than ATP. In contrast, Hsc70/Hsp40 suppressed the aggregation of heat-denatured protein in the presence of ATP rather than ADP. Furthermore, the overexpression of Hsp105alpha but not Hsp70 in COS-7 cells rescued the inactivation of luciferase caused by ATP depletion. Thus, Hsp105/110 family proteins are suggested to function as a substitute for Hsp70 family proteins to suppress the aggregation of denatured proteins in cells under severe stress, in which the cellular ATP level decreases markedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Yamagishi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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