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Sheth AI, Engel K, Tolison H, Althoff MJ, Amaya ML, Krug A, Young T, Pei S, Patel SB, Minhajuddin M, Winters A, Miller R, Shelton I, St-Germain J, Ling T, Jones C, Raught B, Gillen A, Ransom M, Staggs S, Smith CA, Pollyea DA, Stevens BM, Jordan CT. Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells Through Perturbation of Mitochondrial Calcium. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560330. [PMID: 37873284 PMCID: PMC10592899 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that acute myeloid leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are uniquely reliant on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for survival. Moreover, maintenance of OXPHOS is dependent on BCL2, creating a therapeutic opportunity to target LSCs using the BCL2 inhibitor drug venetoclax. While venetoclax-based regimens have indeed shown promising clinical activity, the emergence of drug resistance is prevalent. Thus, in the present study, we investigated how mitochondrial properties may influence mechanisms that dictate venetoclax responsiveness. Our data show that utilization of mitochondrial calcium is fundamentally different between drug responsive and non-responsive LSCs. By comparison, venetoclax-resistant LSCs demonstrate a more active metabolic (i.e., OXPHOS) status with relatively high steady-state levels of calcium. Consequently, we tested genetic and pharmacological approaches to target the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, MCU. We demonstrate that inhibition of calcium uptake sharply reduces OXPHOS and leads to eradication of venetoclax-resistant LSCs. These findings demonstrate a central role for calcium signaling in the biology of LSCs and provide a therapeutic avenue for clinical management of venetoclax resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Inguva Sheth
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Krysta Engel
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hunter Tolison
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Mark J Althoff
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Maria L. Amaya
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anna Krug
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tracy Young
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shanshan Pei
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sweta B. Patel
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mohammad Minhajuddin
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amanda Winters
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Regan Miller
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ian Shelton
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jonathan St-Germain
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tianyi Ling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Courtney Jones
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Austin Gillen
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Monica Ransom
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah Staggs
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clayton A. Smith
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Daniel A. Pollyea
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brett M. Stevens
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Craig T. Jordan
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Maurya CK, Tapadia MG. Expanded polyQ aggregates interact with sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase and Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein1 to regulate polyQ mediated neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103886. [PMID: 37567489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) induced neurodegeneration is one of the leading causes of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized clinically by deteriorating movement defects, psychiatric disability, and dementia. Calcium [Ca2+] homeostasis, which is essential for the functioning of neuronal cells, is disrupted under these pathological conditions. In this paper, we simulated Huntington's disease phenotype in the neuronal cells of the Drosophila eye and identified [Ca2+] pump, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), as one of the genetic modifiers of the neurodegenerative phenotype. This paper shows genetic and molecular interaction between polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregates, SERCA and DIAP1. We present evidence that polyQ aggregates interact with SERCA and alter its dynamics, resulting in a decrease in cytosolic [Ca2+] and an increase in ER [Ca2+], and thus toxicity. Downregulating SERCA lowers the enhanced calcium levels in the ER and rescues, morphological and functional defects caused due to expanded polyQ repeats. Cell proliferation markers such as Yorkie (Yki), Scalloped (Sd), and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), also respond to varying levels of calcium due to genetic manipulations, adding to the amelioration of degeneration. These results imply that neurodegeneration due to expanded polyQ repeats is sensitive to SERCA activity, and its manipulation can be an important step toward its therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar Maurya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Madhu G Tapadia
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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3
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Rosa N, Speelman-Rooms F, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Modulation of Ca 2+ signaling by antiapoptotic Bcl-2 versus Bcl-xL: From molecular mechanisms to relevance for cancer cell survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188791. [PMID: 36162541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Bcl-2-protein family are key controllers of apoptotic cell death. The family is divided into antiapoptotic (including Bcl-2 itself, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, etc.) and proapoptotic members (Bax, Bak, Bim, Bim, Puma, Noxa, Bad, etc.). These proteins are well known for their canonical role in the mitochondria, where they control mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and subsequent apoptosis. However, several proteins are recognized as modulators of intracellular Ca2+ signals that originate from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major intracellular Ca2+-storage organelle. More than 25 years ago, Bcl-2, the founding member of the family, was reported to control apoptosis through Ca2+ signaling. Further work elucidated that Bcl-2 directly targets and inhibits inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), thereby suppressing proapoptotic Ca2+ signaling. In addition to Bcl-2, Bcl-xL was also shown to impact cell survival by sensitizing IP3R function, thereby promoting prosurvival oscillatory Ca2+ release. However, new work challenges this model and demonstrates that Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL can both function as inhibitors of IP3Rs. This suggests that, depending on the cell context, Bcl-xL could support very distinct Ca2+ patterns. This not only raises several questions but also opens new possibilities for the treatment of Bcl-xL-dependent cancers. In this review, we will discuss the similarities and divergences between Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL regarding Ca2+ homeostasis and IP3R modulation from both a molecular and a functional point of view, with particular emphasis on cancer cell death resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Rosa
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Femke Speelman-Rooms
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-I bus 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Cheng M, Wang H, Yang G, Cheng Y, Yang Z, Chen X, Liu Y, Sun Z. Sustained developmental endothelial locus-1 overexpression promotes spinal cord injury recovery in mice through the SIRT1/SERCA2 signaling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2022; 181:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Tran MT. Overview of Ca2+ signaling in lung cancer progression and metastatic lung cancer with bone metastasis. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:249-265. [PMID: 36046435 PMCID: PMC9400727 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ ions that are thought to be one of the most important second messengers for cellular signaling, have a substantial diversity of roles in regulating a plethora of fundamental cellular physiology such as gene expression, cell division, cell motility and apoptosis. It has been suggestive of the Ca2+ signaling-dependent cellular processes to be tightly regulated by the numerous types of Ca2+ channels, pumps, exchangers and sensing receptors. Consequently, dysregulated Ca2+ homeostasis leads to a series of events connected to elevated malignant phenotypes including uncontrolled proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis, all of which are frequently observed in advanced stage lung cancer cells. The incidence of bone metastasis in patients with advanced stage lung cancer is estimated in a range of 30% to 40%, bringing about a significant negative impact on both morbidity and survival. This review dissects and summarizes the important roles of Ca2+ signaling transduction in contributing to lung cancer progression, and address the question: if and how Ca2+ signaling might have been engaged in metastatic lung cancer with bone metastasis, thereby potentially providing the multifaceted and promising solutions for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Tien Tran
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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6
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Lemos FO, Bultynck G, Parys JB. A comprehensive overview of the complex world of the endo- and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-leak channels. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119020. [PMID: 33798602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inside cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms the largest Ca2+ store. Ca2+ is actively pumped by the SERCA pumps in the ER, where intraluminal Ca2+-binding proteins enable the accumulation of large amount of Ca2+. IP3 receptors and the ryanodine receptors mediate the release of Ca2+ in a controlled way, thereby evoking complex spatio-temporal signals in the cell. The steady state Ca2+ concentration in the ER of about 500 μM results from the balance between SERCA-mediated Ca2+ uptake and the passive leakage of Ca2+. The passive Ca2+ leak from the ER is often ignored, but can play an important physiological role, depending on the cellular context. Moreover, excessive Ca2+ leakage significantly lowers the amount of Ca2+ stored in the ER compared to normal conditions, thereby limiting the possibility to evoke Ca2+ signals and/or causing ER stress, leading to pathological consequences. The so-called Ca2+-leak channels responsible for Ca2+ leakage from the ER are however still not well understood, despite over 20 different proteins have been proposed to contribute to it. This review has the aim to critically evaluate the available evidence about the various channels potentially involved and to draw conclusions about their relative importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Lemos
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Leuven Kanker Instituut, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 B-802, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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7
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Giamogante F, Poggio E, Barazzuol L, Covallero A, Calì T. Apoptotic signals at the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria interface. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 126:307-343. [PMID: 34090618 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular homeostasis involves the participation of multiple organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Specifically, ER plays a key role in calcium (Ca2+) storage, lipid synthesis, protein folding, and assembly, while mitochondria are the "energy factories" and provide energy to drive intracellular processes. Hence, alteration in ER or mitochondrial homeostasis has detrimental effects on cell survival, being linked to the triggering of apoptosis, a programmed form of cell death. Besides, ER stress conditions affect mitochondria functionality and vice-versa, as ER and mitochondria communicate via mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) to carry out a number of fundamental cellular functions. It is not surprising, thus, that also MAMs perturbations are involved in the regulation of apoptosis. This chapter intends to accurately discuss the involvement of MAMs in apoptosis, highlighting their crucial role in controlling this delicate cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Covallero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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8
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Involvement of Bcl-xL in Neuronal Function and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063202. [PMID: 33801158 PMCID: PMC8004157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) family of proteins are mainly known for their role in the regulation of apoptosis by preventing pore formation at the mitochondrial outer membrane and subsequent caspase activation. However, Bcl-2 proteins also have non-canonical functions, independent of apoptosis. Indeed, the cell death machinery, including Bcl-2 homologs, was reported to be essential for the central nervous system (CNS), notably with respect to synaptic transmission and axon pruning. Here we focused on Bcl-xL, a close Bcl-2 homolog, which plays a major role in neuronal development, as bclx knock out mice prematurely die at embryonic day 13.5, showing massive apoptosis in the CNS. In addition, we present evidence that Bcl-xL fosters ATP generation by the mitochondria to fuel high energy needs by neurons, and its contribution to synaptic transmission. We discuss how Bcl-xL might control local and transient activation of caspases in neurons without causing cell death. Consistently, Bcl-xL may contribute to morphological changes, such as sprouting and retractation of axon branches, in the context of CNS plasticity. Regarding degenerative diseases and aging, a better understanding of the numerous roles of the cell death machinery in neurons may have future clinical implications.
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9
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Wang N, Wang C, Zhao H, He Y, Lan B, Sun L, Gao Y. The MAMs Structure and Its Role in Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030657. [PMID: 33809551 PMCID: PMC7999768 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of cellular homeostasis involves the participation of multiple organelles. These organelles are associated in space and time, and either cooperate or antagonize each other with regards to cell function. Crosstalk between organelles has become a significant topic in research over recent decades. We believe that signal transduction between organelles, especially the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, is a factor that can influence the cell fate. As the cellular center for protein folding and modification, the endoplasmic reticulum can influence a range of physiological processes by regulating the quantity and quality of proteins. Mitochondria, as the cellular "energy factory," are also involved in cell death processes. Some researchers regard the ER as the sensor of cellular stress and the mitochondria as an important actuator of the stress response. The scientific community now believe that bidirectional communication between the ER and the mitochondria can influence cell death. Recent studies revealed that the death signals can shuttle between the two organelles. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) play a vital role in the complex crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria. MAMs are known to play an important role in lipid synthesis, the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, the coordination of ER-mitochondrial function, and the transduction of death signals between the ER and the mitochondria. Clarifying the structure and function of MAMs will provide new concepts for studying the pathological mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases, aging, and cancers. Here, we review the recent studies of the structure and function of MAMs and its roles involved in cell death, especially in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Chong Wang
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Hongyang Zhao
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Yichun He
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Beiwu Lan
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
| | - Liankun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yufei Gao
- China Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, China; (N.W.); (C.W.); (H.Z.); (Y.H.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (Y.G.)
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10
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Genovese I, Vezzani B, Danese A, Modesti L, Vitto VAM, Corazzi V, Pelucchi S, Pinton P, Giorgi C. Mitochondria as the decision makers for cancer cell fate: from signaling pathways to therapeutic strategies. Cell Calcium 2020; 92:102308. [PMID: 33096320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As pivotal players in cellular metabolism, mitochondria have a double-faceted role in the final decision of cell fate. This is true for all cell types, but it is even more important and intriguing in the cancer setting. Mitochondria regulate cell fate in many diverse ways: through metabolism, by producing ATP and other metabolites deemed vital or detrimental for cancer cells; through the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, especially by the joint participation of the endoplasmic reticulum in a membranous tethering system for Ca2+ signaling called mitochondria-ER associated membranes (MAMs); and by regulating signaling pathways involved in the survival of cancer cells such as mitophagy. Recent studies have shown that mitochondria can also play a role in the regulation of inflammatory pathways in cancer cells, for example, through the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) involved in the activation of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING pathway. In this review, we aim to explore the role of mitochondria as decision makers in fostering cancer cell death or survival depending on the tumor cell stage and describe novel anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Genovese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Bianca Vezzani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Danese
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Modesti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Angela Maria Vitto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Virginia Corazzi
- ENT & Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Pelucchi
- ENT & Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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11
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Calcium signaling and epigenetics: A key point to understand carcinogenesis. Cell Calcium 2020; 91:102285. [PMID: 32942140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signaling controls a wide range of cellular processes, including the hallmarks of cancer. The Ca2+ signaling system encompasses several types of proteins, such as receptors, channels, pumps, exchangers, buffers, and sensors, of which several are mutated or with altered expression in cancer cells. Since epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in all stages of carcinogenesis, and reversibly regulate gene expression, they have been studied by different research groups to understand their role in Ca2+ signaling remodeling in cancer cells and the carcinogenic process. In this review, we link Ca2+ signaling, cancer, and epigenetics fields to generate a comprehensive landscape of this complex group of diseases.
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12
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Zhai X, Sterea AM, El Hiani Y. Lessons from the Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ Transporters-A Cancer Connection. Cells 2020; 9:E1536. [PMID: 32599788 PMCID: PMC7349521 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ is an integral mediator of intracellular signaling, impacting almost every aspect of cellular life. The Ca2+-conducting transporters located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane shoulder the responsibility of constructing the global Ca2+ signaling landscape. These transporters gate the ER Ca2+ release and uptake, sculpt signaling duration and intensity, and compose the Ca2+ signaling rhythm to accommodate a plethora of biological activities. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of activation and functional regulation of ER Ca2+ transporters in the establishment of Ca2+ homeostasis. We also contextualize the aberrant alterations of these transporters in carcinogenesis, presenting Ca2+-based therapeutic interventions as a means to tackle malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | | | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
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13
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Abou-El-Naga IF. Schistosoma mansoni sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPases (SERCA): role in reduced sensitivity to praziquantel. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:397-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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14
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Zhai K, Liskova A, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D. Calcium Entry through TRPV1: A Potential Target for the Regulation of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Cancerous and Healthy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4177. [PMID: 32545311 PMCID: PMC7312732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key determinant of cell fate and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Membrane ion channels are structures through which ions enter or exit the cell, depending on the driving forces. The opening of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ligand-gated ion channels facilitates transmembrane Ca2+ and Na+ entry, which modifies the delicate balance between apoptotic and proliferative signaling pathways. Proliferation is upregulated through two mechanisms: (1) ATP binding to the G-protein-coupled receptor P2Y2, commencing a kinase signaling cascade that activates the serine-threonine kinase Akt, and (2) the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), leading to a series of protein signals that activate the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) 1/2. The TRPV1-apoptosis pathway involves Ca2+ influx and efflux between the cytosol, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the release of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c from the mitochondria, caspase activation, and DNA fragmentation and condensation. While proliferative mechanisms are typically upregulated in cancerous tissues, shifting the balance to favor apoptosis could support anti-cancer therapies. TRPV1, through [Ca2+]i signaling, influences cancer cell fate; therefore, the modulation of the TRPV1-enforced proliferation-apoptosis balance is a promising avenue in developing anti-cancer therapies and overcoming cancer drug resistance. As such, this review characterizes and evaluates the role of TRPV1 in cell death and survival, in the interest of identifying mechanistic targets for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhai
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Alena Liskova
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia;
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, PO Box 24144, Qatar;
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15
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Chen J, Sitsel A, Benoy V, Sepúlveda MR, Vangheluwe P. Primary Active Ca 2+ Transport Systems in Health and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035113. [PMID: 31501194 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are prominent cell signaling effectors that regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. Among the different players in Ca2+ homeostasis, primary active Ca2+ transporters are responsible for keeping low basal Ca2+ levels in the cytosol while establishing steep Ca2+ gradients across intracellular membranes or the plasma membrane. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the three types of primary active Ca2+-ATPases: the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps, the secretory pathway Ca2+- ATPase (SPCA) isoforms, and the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) Ca2+-transporters. We first discuss the Ca2+ transport mechanism of SERCA1a, which serves as a reference to describe the Ca2+ transport of other Ca2+ pumps. We further highlight the common and unique features of each isoform and review their structure-function relationship, expression pattern, regulatory mechanisms, and specific physiological roles. Finally, we discuss the increasing genetic and in vivo evidence that links the dysfunction of specific Ca2+-ATPase isoforms to a broad range of human pathologies, and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies that target Ca2+ pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aljona Sitsel
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veronick Benoy
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Rosario Sepúlveda
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Fu S, Ding M, Liang Q, Yang Y, Chen M, Wei X, Wang A, Liao S, Ye J. The key differentially expressed genes and proteins related to immune response in the spleen of pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:1-11. [PMID: 31085326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune mechanism elicited in pufferfish (Takifugu obscurus) against the invasion of Aeromonas hydrophila is still poorly understood. We examined the spleen of pufferfish at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using Illumina-seq and TMT coupled mass spectrometry after 12 h infection by A. hydrophila, respectively. A total of 2,339 genes (1,512 up-regulated and 827 down-regulated) and 537 (237 up-regulated and 300 down-regulated) proteins were identified. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that the responses to stimulus were the main biological processes, intestinal immune network for IgT production and calcium signaling pathway. Fourteen genes (8 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated) and proteins (5 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated) involved immune responses or signal transduction were validated by qRT-PCR and parallel reaction monitoring to confirm the reliability of the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, respectively. Moreover, qRT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to detect dynamics of the genes in calcium signaling pathway and changes of concentration of cytoplasm Ca2+ in spleen cells within a 72 h challenge. This study provides the findings regarding immune response, especially intestinal immune network for IgT production pathway and calcium signaling pathway at the molecular, protein and cellular in pufferfish after infection by A. hydrophila. These results would provide a new insight and molecular targets into the response to pathogenic infection in pufferfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Fu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Mingmei Ding
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Qingjian Liang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xiufang Wei
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Anli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Shaoan Liao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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17
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BCL-2 family isoforms in apoptosis and cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30792387 PMCID: PMC6384907 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The BCl-2 family has long been identified for its role in apoptosis. Following the initial discovery of BCL-2 in the context of B-cell lymphoma in the 1980s, a number of homologous proteins have since been identified. The members of the Bcl-2 family are designated as such due to their BCL-2 homology (BH) domains and involvement in apoptosis regulation. The BH domains facilitate the family members’ interactions with each other and can indicate pro- or anti-apoptotic function. Traditionally, these proteins are categorised into one of the three subfamilies; anti-apoptotic, BH3-only (pro-apoptotic), and pore-forming or ‘executioner’ (pro-apoptotic) proteins. Each of the BH3-only or anti-apoptotic proteins has a distinct pattern of activation, localisation and response to cell death or survival stimuli. All of these can vary across cell or stress types, or developmental stage, and this can cause the delineation of the roles of BCL-2 family members. Added to this complexity is the presence of relatively uncharacterised isoforms of many of the BCL-2 family members. There is a gap in our knowledge regarding the function of BCL-2 family isoforms. BH domain status is not always predictive or indicative of protein function, and several other important sequences, which can contribute to apoptotic activity have been identified. While therapeutic strategies targeting the BCL-2 family are constantly under development, it is imperative that we understand the molecules, which we are attempting to target. This review, discusses our current knowledge of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family isoforms. With significant improvements in the potential for splicing therapies, it is important that we begin to understand the distinctions of the BCL-2 family, not limited to just the mechanisms of apoptosis control, but in their roles outside of apoptosis.
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18
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Distelhorst CW. Targeting Bcl-2-IP 3 receptor interaction to treat cancer: A novel approach inspired by nearly a century treating cancer with adrenal corticosteroid hormones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1795-1804. [PMID: 30053503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bcl-2 inhibits cell death by at least two different mechanisms. On the one hand, its BH3 domain binds to pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bim and prevents apoptosis induction. On the other hand, the BH4 domain of Bcl-2 binds to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), preventing Ca2+ signals that mediate cell death. In normal T-cells, Bcl-2 levels increase during the immune response, protecting against cell death, and then decline as apoptosis ensues and the immune response dissipates. But in many cancers Bcl-2 is aberrantly expressed and exploited to prevent cell death by inhibiting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation. This review summarizes what is known about the mechanism of Bcl-2's control over IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and cell death induction. Early insights into the role of Ca2+ elevation in corticosteroid-mediated cell death serves as a model for how targeting IP3R-mediated Ca2+ elevation can be a highly effective therapeutic approach for different types of cancer. Moreover, the successful development of ABT-199 (Venetoclax), a small molecule targeting the BH3 domain of Bcl-2 but without effects on Ca2+, serves as proof of principle that targeting Bcl-2 can be an effective therapeutic approach. BIRD-2, a synthetic peptide that inhibits Bcl-2-IP3R interaction, induces cell death induction in ABT-199 (Venetoclax)-resistant cancer models, attesting to the value of developing therapeutic agents that selectively target Bcl-2-IP3R interaction, inducing Ca2+-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark W Distelhorst
- Case Western University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States of America.
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19
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Gkouveris I, Nikitakis NG, Aseervatham J, Ogbureke KUE. The tumorigenic role of DSPP and its potential regulation of the unfolded protein response and ER stress in oral cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1743-1751. [PMID: 30015841 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is upregulated in various human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer cells are commonly found under constant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and exhibit increased levels of misfolded proteins, due to gene mutations and a stressful microenvironment. The present study examined the effects of DSPP silencing on the regulation of ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in oral cancer cells. A recently established stable DSPP short hairpin (sh)RNA-silenced OSC2 oral cancer cell line was used. The mRNA expression levels of ER stress-associated proteins, including 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2b (SERCA2b), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3r), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 (IRE1), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and matrix metalloproteinase 20 (MMP20), were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of apoptosis-related [B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax) and cytochrome c] and cell proliferation-related [proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)] proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Cell viability, apoptosis and migration were monitored by MTT assay, Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate flow cytometry and wound-healing assay, respectively. In transiently transfected puromycin‑free OSC2 cells, DSPP silencing markedly downregulated the mRNA expression levels of major ER stress regulators, including GRP78, SERCA2b, PERK, IRE1 and ATF6, as well as MMP20. DSPP silencing also resulted in decreased cell viability and migration, and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, PCNA and Bcl2 levels were decreased, whereas Bax and cytochrome c protein levels were increased in DSPP-silenced OSC2 cells. Sustained puromycin treatment partially counteracted the effects of DSPP silencing on the mRNA expression levels of ER stress-related proteins and MMP20, and on the migratory capacity of OSC2 cells. However, following puromycin treatment of DSPP-silenced cells, cell viability was further reduced and apoptosis was enhanced. In conclusion, these data provide evidence to suggest that DSPP may be involved in ER stress mechanisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma, since its downregulation in OSC2 cells led to significant alterations in the levels of major ER stress-associated proteins, and subsequent collapse of the UPR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Gkouveris
- Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Kalu U E Ogbureke
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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20
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Vervliet T. Ryanodine Receptors in Autophagy: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:89. [PMID: 29636667 PMCID: PMC5880912 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is important in the regulation of several cellular processes including autophagy. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main and largest intracellular Ca2+ store. At the ER two protein families of Ca2+ release channels, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs), are expressed. Several studies have reported roles in the regulation of autophagy for the ubiquitously expressed IP3R. For instance, IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release supresses basal autophagic flux by promoting mitochondrial metabolism, while also promoting the rapid initial increase in autophagic flux in response to nutrient starvation. Insights into the contribution of RyRs in autophagy have been lagging significantly compared to the advances made for IP3Rs. This is rather surprising considering that RyRs are predominantly expressed in long-lived cells with specialized metabolic needs, such as neurons and muscle cells, in which autophagy plays important roles. In this review article, recent studies revealing roles for RyRs in the regulation of autophagy will be discussed. Several RyR-interacting proteins that have been established to modulate both RyR function and autophagy will also be highlighted. Finally, the involvement of RyRs in neurodegenerative diseases will be addressed. Inhibition of RyR channels has not only been shown to be beneficial for treating several of these diseases but also regulates autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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21
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Pedriali G, Rimessi A, Sbano L, Giorgi C, Wieckowski MR, Previati M, Pinton P. Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Ca 2+ Transfer and Its Importance for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2017; 7:180. [PMID: 28913175 PMCID: PMC5583168 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-organelle membrane contact sites are emerging as major sites for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and distribution. Here, extracellular stimuli operate on a wide array of channels, pumps, and ion exchangers to redistribute intracellular Ca2+ among several compartments. The resulting highly defined spatial and temporal patterns of Ca2+ movement can be used to elicit specific cellular responses, including cell proliferation, migration, or death. Plasma membrane (PM) also can directly contact mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through caveolae, small invaginations of the PM that ensure inter-organelle contacts, and can contribute to the regulation of numerous cellular functions through scaffolding proteins such as caveolins. PM and ER organize specialized junctions. Here, many components of the receptor-dependent Ca2+ signals are clustered, including the ORAI1-stromal interaction molecule 1 complex. This complex constitutes a primary mechanism for Ca2+ entry into non-excitable cells, modulated by intracellular Ca2+. Several contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, termed mitochondria-associated membranes, show a very complex and specialized structure and host a wide number of proteins that regulate Ca2+ transfer. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the particular action of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors at these specialized check points and analyze anti-cancer therapies that specifically target Ca2+ flow at the inter-organelle contacts to alter the metabolism and fate of the cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Pedriali
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Sbano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurizio Previati
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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22
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Gross A, Katz SG. Non-apoptotic functions of BCL-2 family proteins. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:1348-1358. [PMID: 28234359 PMCID: PMC5520452 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCL-2 family proteins are major regulators of the apoptosis process, but the mechanisms by which they regulate this process are only partially understood. It is now well documented that these proteins play additional non-apoptotic roles that are likely to be related to their apoptotic roles and to provide important clues to cracking their mechanisms of action. It seems that these non-apoptotic roles are largely related to the activation of cellular survival pathways designated to maintain or regain cellular survival, but, if unsuccessful, will switch over into a pro-apoptotic mode. These non-apoptotic roles span a wide range of processes that include the regulation of mitochondrial physiology (metabolism, electron transport chain, morphology, permeability transition), endoplasmic reticulum physiology (calcium homeostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR)), nuclear processes (cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR)), whole-cell metabolism (glucose and lipid), and autophagy. Here we review all these different non-apoptotic roles, make an attempt to link them to the apoptotic roles, and present many open questions for future research directions in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atan Gross
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 100 Herzel Street, Rehovot, Israel,Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, 100 Herzel Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel. Tel: +972 8 9343656; Fax: +972 8 934 4116; E-mail:
| | - Samuel G Katz
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, Brady Memorial Laboratory 127A, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 310 Cedar Street, Brady Memorial Laboratory 127A, New Haven CT 06520, USA. Tel: +203 785 2757; E-mail:
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23
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Chemaly ER, Troncone L, Lebeche D. SERCA control of cell death and survival. Cell Calcium 2017; 69:46-61. [PMID: 28747251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a critical coordinator of various aspects of cellular physiology. It is increasingly apparent that changes in cellular Ca2+ dynamics contribute to the regulation of normal and pathological signal transduction that controls cell growth and survival. Aberrant perturbations in Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in a range of pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, tumorigenesis and steatosis hepatitis. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are therefore tightly regulated by a number of Ca2+ handling enzymes, proteins, channels and transporters located in the plasma membrane and in Ca2+ storage organelles, which work in concert to fine tune a temporally and spatially precise Ca2+ signal. Chief amongst them is the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA) which actively re-accumulates released Ca2+ back into the SR/ER, therefore maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. There are at least 14 different SERCA isoforms encoded by three ATP2A1-3 genes whose expressions are species- and tissue-specific. Altered SERCA expression and activity results in cellular malignancy and induction of ER stress and ER stress-associated apoptosis. The role of SERCA misregulation in the control of apoptosis in various cell types and disease setting with prospective therapeutic implications is the focus of this review. Ca2+ is a double edge sword for both life as well as death, and current experimental evidence supports a model in which Ca2+ homeostasis and SERCA activity represent a nodal point that controls cell survival. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of this axis constitutes an incredible therapeutic potential to treat different diseases sharing similar biological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie R Chemaly
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Luca Troncone
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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24
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Chen JJ, Boehning D. Protein Lipidation As a Regulator of Apoptotic Calcium Release: Relevance to Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:138. [PMID: 28706877 PMCID: PMC5489567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium is a critical regulator of cell death pathways. One of the most proximal events leading to cell death is activation of plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum-resident calcium channels. A large body of evidence indicates that defects in this pathway contribute to cancer development. Although we have a thorough understanding of how downstream elevations in cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium contribute to cell death, it is much less clear how calcium channels are activated upstream of the apoptotic stimulus. Recently, it has been shown that protein lipidation is a potent regulator of apoptotic signaling. Although classically thought of as a static modification, rapid and reversible protein acylation has emerged as a new signaling paradigm relevant to many pathways, including calcium release and cell death. In this review, we will discuss the role of protein lipidation in regulating apoptotic calcium signaling with direct therapeutic relevance to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren Boehning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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G-Quadruplex surveillance in BCL-2 gene: a promising therapeutic intervention in cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1165-1186. [PMID: 28506718 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, therapeutic implications of BCL-2 quadruplex invigorated the field of clinical oncology. This Keynote review discusses how a BCL-2 quadruplex-selective approach circumvents the limitations of existing therapeutics; and which improvisations might ameliorate the recent trends of quadruplex-based treatment.
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26
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Hatok J, Racay P. Bcl-2 family proteins: master regulators of cell survival. Biomol Concepts 2017; 7:259-70. [PMID: 27505095 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2016-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prominent function of proteins of the Bcl-2 family is regulation of the initiation of intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways of apoptosis. However, recent research has revealed that in addition to regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis, proteins of the Bcl-2 family play important roles in regulating other cellular pathways with a strong impact on cell survival like autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, intracellular calcium dynamics, cell cycle progression, mitochondrial dynamics and energy metabolism. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about functions of Bcl-2 family proteins that are related to cell survival.
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27
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Hempel N, Trebak M. Crosstalk between calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling in cancer. Cell Calcium 2017; 63:70-96. [PMID: 28143649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways is well established, with reciprocal regulation occurring at a number of subcellular locations. Many Ca2+ channels at the cell surface and intracellular organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are regulated by redox modifications. In turn, Ca2+ signaling can influence the cellular generation of ROS, from sources such as NADPH oxidases and mitochondria. This relationship has been explored in great depth during the process of apoptosis, where surges of Ca2+ and ROS are important mediators of cell death. More recently, coordinated and localized Ca2+ and ROS transients appear to play a major role in a vast variety of pro-survival signaling pathways that may be crucial for both physiological and pathophysiological functions. While much work is required to firmly establish this Ca2+-ROS relationship in cancer, existing evidence from other disease models suggests this crosstalk is likely of significant importance in tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe the regulation of Ca2+ channels and transporters by oxidants and discuss the potential consequences of the ROS-Ca2+ interplay in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hempel
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States; Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey PA 17033, United States.
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Filadi R, Theurey P, Pizzo P. The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling in health and disease: Molecules, functions and significance. Cell Calcium 2017; 62:1-15. [PMID: 28108029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The close apposition between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria represents a key platform, capable to regulate different fundamental cellular pathways. Among these, Ca2+ signaling and lipid homeostasis have been demonstrated over the last years to be deeply modulated by ER-mitochondria cross-talk. Given its importance in cell life/death decisions, increasing evidence suggests that alterations of the ER-mitochondria axis could be responsible for the onset and progression of several diseases, including neurodegeneration, cancer and obesity. However, the molecular identity of the proteins controlling this inter-organelle apposition is still debated. In this review, we summarize the main cellular pathways controlled by ER-mitochondria appositions, focusing on the principal molecules reported to be involved in this interplay and on those diseases for which alterations in organelles communication have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Pierre Theurey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), Padova, Italy.
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Inhibition and conformational change of SERCA3b induced by Bcl-2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1865:121-131. [PMID: 27639965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA had been documented in vitro using the SERCA1a isoform isolated from rat skeletal muscle [Dremina, E. S., Sharov, V. S., Kumar, K., Azidi, A., Michaelis, E. K., Schöneich, C. (2004) Biochem. J. 383 (361-370)]. Here, we demonstrate the interaction of Bcl-2 with the SERCA3b isoform both in vitro and in cell culture. In vitro, the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA3b was studied using Bcl-2∆21, a truncated form of human Bcl-2, and microsomes isolated from SERCA3b-overexpressing HEK-293 cells. For these experiments, SERCA3b was quantified by a combination of amino acid analysis and Western blotting. We observed that Bcl-2∆21 both inactivates SERCA3b and co-immunoprecipitates with SERCA3b. The incubation with Bcl-2∆21 changes the distribution of SERCA3b during sucrose density gradient centrifugation, likely as the result of Bcl-2∆21-induced conformational change of SERCA3b. When SERCA3b-overexpressing HEK-293 cells were co-transfected with Bcl-2, Bcl-2-dependent SERCA3b inactivation was observed. In these cells, Bcl-2 interaction with SERCA3b was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling of SERCA3b. Together, our data provide evidence for the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA3b in vitro and in cell culture, and for Bcl-2-dependent conformational and functional changes of SERCA3b.
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Bcl-2 proteins and calcium signaling: complexity beneath the surface. Oncogene 2016; 35:5079-92. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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ER functions of oncogenes and tumor suppressors: Modulators of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1364-78. [PMID: 26772784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signals that arise from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the major intracellular Ca(2+)-storage organelle, impact several mitochondrial functions and dictate cell survival and cell death processes. Furthermore, alterations in Ca(2+) signaling in cancer cells promote survival and establish a high tolerance towards cell stress and damage, so that the on-going oncogenic stress does not result in the activation of cell death. Over the last years, the mechanisms underlying these oncogenic alterations in Ca(2+) signaling have started to emerge. An important aspect of this is the identification of several major oncogenes, including Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, PKB/Akt, and Ras, and tumor suppressors, such as p53, PTEN, PML, BRCA1, and Beclin 1, as direct and critical regulators of Ca(2+)-transport systems located at the ER membranes, including IP3 receptors and SERCA Ca(2+) pumps. In this way, these proteins execute part of their function by controlling the ER-mitochondrial Ca(2+) fluxes, favoring either survival (oncogenes) or cell death (tumor suppressors). Oncogenic mutations, gene deletions or amplifications alter the expression and/or function of these proteins, thereby changing the delicate balance between oncogenes and tumor suppressors, impacting oncogenesis and favoring malignant cell function and behavior. In this review, we provided an integrated overview of the impact of the major oncogenes and tumor suppressors, often altered in cancer cells, on Ca(2+) signaling from the ER Ca(2+) stores. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium and Cell Fate. Guest Editors: Jacques Haiech, Claus Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, Thierry Capiod and Olivier Mignen.
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p53 and Ca(2+) signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum: partners in anti-cancer therapies. Oncoscience 2015; 2:233-8. [PMID: 25897426 PMCID: PMC4394128 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the mitochondria critically controls cell survival and cell death decisions. Different oncogenes and deregulation of tumor suppressors exploit this mechanism to favor the survival of altered, malignant cells. Two recent studies of the Pinton team revealed a novel, non-transcriptional function of cytosolic p53 in cell death. During cell stress, p53 is recruited to the ER and the ER-mitochondrial contact sites. This results in augmented ER Ca(2+) levels by enhancing sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA) activity, ultimately promoting mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload. The boosting of "toxic" Ca(2+) signaling by p53 appears to be a critical component of the cell death-inducing properties of chemotherapeutic agents and anti-cancer treatments, like photodynamic stress. Strikingly, the resistance of p53-deficient cancer cells to these treatments could be overcome by facilitating Ca(2+) transfer between the ER and the mitochondria via overexpression of SERCA or of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter (MCU). Importantly, these concepts have also been supported by in vivo Ca(2+) measurements in tumor masses in mice. Collectively, these studies link for the first time the major tumor suppressor, p53, to Ca(2+) signaling in dictating cell-death outcomes and by the success of anti-cancer treatments.
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Ueda N. Ceramide-induced apoptosis in renal tubular cells: a role of mitochondria and sphingosine-1-phoshate. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:5076-124. [PMID: 25751724 PMCID: PMC4394466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16035076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is synthesized upon stimuli, and induces apoptosis in renal tubular cells (RTCs). Sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) functions as a survival factor. Thus, the balance of ceramide/S1P determines ceramide-induced apoptosis. Mitochondria play a key role for ceramide-induced apoptosis by altered mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP). Ceramide enhances oligomerization of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, ceramide channel, and reduces anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in the MOM. This process alters MOMP, resulting in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytochrome C release into the cytosol, caspase activation, and apoptosis. Ceramide regulates apoptosis through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)-dependent and -independent pathways. Conversely, MAPKs alter ceramide generation by regulating the enzymes involving ceramide metabolism, affecting ceramide-induced apoptosis. Crosstalk between Bcl-2 family proteins, ROS, and many signaling pathways regulates ceramide-induced apoptosis. Growth factors rescue ceramide-induced apoptosis by regulating the enzymes involving ceramide metabolism, S1P, and signaling pathways including MAPKs. This article reviews evidence supporting a role of ceramide for apoptosis and discusses a role of mitochondria, including MOMP, Bcl-2 family proteins, ROS, and signaling pathways, and crosstalk between these factors in the regulation of ceramide-induced apoptosis of RTCs. A balancing role between ceramide and S1P and the strategy for preventing ceramide-induced apoptosis by growth factors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norishi Ueda
- Department of Pediatrics, Public Central Hospital of Matto Ishikawa, 3-8 Kuramitsu, Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-8588, Japan.
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Greenberg EF, Lavik AR, Distelhorst CW. Bcl-2 regulation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor and calcium signaling in normal and malignant lymphocytes: potential new target for cancer treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1843:2205-10. [PMID: 24642270 PMCID: PMC4119508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is a versatile regulator of cell survival. Its interactions with its own pro-apoptotic family members are widely recognized for their role in promoting the survival of cancer cells. These interactions are thus being targeted for cancer treatment. Less widely recognized is the interaction of Bcl-2 with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R), an InsP3-gated Ca(2+) channel located on the endoplasmic reticulum. The nature of this interaction, the mechanism by which it controls Ca(2+) release from the ER, its role in T-cell development and survival, and the possibility of targeting it as a novel cancer treatment strategy are summarized in this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Greenberg
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, USA; MetroHealth Medical Center, USA.
| | - Andrew R Lavik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, USA.
| | - Clark W Distelhorst
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, USA.
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Schöneich C, Dremina E, Galeva N, Sharov V. Apoptosis in differentiating C2C12 muscle cells selectively targets Bcl-2-deficient myotubes. Apoptosis 2014; 19:42-57. [PMID: 24129924 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Muscle cell apoptosis accompanies normal muscle development and regeneration, as well as degenerative diseases and aging. C2C12 murine myoblast cells represent a common model to study muscle differentiation. Though it was already shown that myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells is accompanied by enhanced apoptosis in a fraction of cells, either the cell population sensitive to apoptosis or regulatory mechanisms for the apoptotic response are unclear so far. In the current study we characterize apoptotic phenotypes of different types of C2C12 cells at all stages of differentiation, and report here that myotubes of differentiated C2C12 cells with low levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression are particularly vulnerable to apoptosis even though they are displaying low levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bak and Bad. In contrast, reserve cells exhibit higher levels of Bcl-2 and high resistance to apoptosis. The transfection of proliferating myoblasts with Bcl-2 prior to differentiation did not protect against spontaneous apoptosis accompanying differentiation of C2C12 cells but led to Bcl-2 overexpression in myotubes and to significant protection from apoptotic cell loss caused by exposure to hydrogen peroxide. Overall, our data advocate for a Bcl-2-dependent mechanism of apoptosis in differentiated muscle cells. However, downstream processes for spontaneous and hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis are not completely similar. Apoptosis in differentiating myoblasts and myotubes is regulated not through interaction of Bcl-2 with pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bax, Bak, and Bad.
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Abstract
Evolution has exploited the chemical properties of Ca(2+), which facilitate its reversible binding to the sites of irregular geometry offered by biological macromolecules, to select it as a carrier of cellular signals. A number of proteins bind Ca(2+) to specific sites: those intrinsic to membranes play the most important role in the spatial and temporal regulation of the concentration and movements of Ca(2+) inside cells. Those which are soluble, or organized in non-membranous structures, also decode the Ca(2+) message to be then transmitted to the targets of its regulation. Since Ca(2+) controls the most important processes in the life of cells, it must be very carefully controlled within the cytoplasm, where most of the targets of its signaling function reside. Membrane channels (in the plasma membrane and in the organelles) mediate the entrance of Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm, ATPases, exchangers, and the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake system remove Ca(2+) from it. The concentration of Ca(2+) in the external spaces, which is controlled essentially by its dynamic exchanges in the bone system, is much higher than inside cells, and can, under conditions of pathology, generate a situation of dangerous internal Ca(2+) overload. When massive and persistent, the Ca(2+) overload culminates in the death of the cell. Subtle conditions of cellular Ca(2+) dyshomeostasis that affect individual systems that control Ca(2+), generate cell disease phenotypes that are particularly severe in tissues in which the signaling function of Ca(2+) has special importance, e.g., the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35131, Padova, Italy,
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Ivanova H, Vervliet T, Missiaen L, Parys JB, De Smedt H, Bultynck G. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-isoform diversity in cell death and survival. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2164-83. [PMID: 24642269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cell-death and -survival decisions are critically controlled by intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and dynamics at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) play a pivotal role in these processes by mediating Ca(2+) flux from the ER into the cytosol and mitochondria. Hence, it is clear that many pro-survival and pro-death signaling pathways and proteins affect Ca(2+) signaling by directly targeting IP3R channels, which can happen in an IP3R-isoform-dependent manner. In this review, we will focus on how the different IP3R isoforms (IP3R1, IP3R2 and IP3R3) control cell death and survival. First, we will present an overview of the isoform-specific regulation of IP3Rs by cellular factors like IP3, Ca(2+), Ca(2+)-binding proteins, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), thiol modification, phosphorylation and interacting proteins, and of IP3R-isoform specific expression patterns. Second, we will discuss the role of the ER as a Ca(2+) store in cell death and survival and how IP3Rs and pro-survival/pro-death proteins can modulate the basal ER Ca(2+) leak. Third, we will review the regulation of the Ca(2+)-flux properties of the IP3R isoforms by the ER-resident and by the cytoplasmic proteins involved in cell death and survival as well as by redox regulation. Hence, we aim to highlight the specific roles of the various IP3R isoforms in cell-death and -survival signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Ivanova
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B Parys
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Geert Bultynck
- KU Leuven Lab. of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Campus Gasthuisberg O&N I Box 802, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Abstract
Ca(2+)-ATPases (pumps) are key to the regulation of Ca(2+) in eukaryotic cells: nine are known today, belonging to three multigene families. The three endo(sarco)plasmic reticulum (SERCA) and the four plasma membrane (PMCA) pumps have been known for decades, the two Secretory Pathway Ca(2+) ATPase (SPCA) pumps have only become known recently. The number of pump isoforms is further increased by alternative splicing processes. The three pump types share the basic features of the catalytic mechanism, but differ in a number of properties related to tissue distribution, regulation, and role in the cellular homeostasis of Ca(2+). The molecular understanding of the function of all pumps has received great impetus from the solution of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of one of them, the SERCA pump. This landmark structural advance has been accompanied by the emergence and rapid expansion of the area of pump malfunction. Most of the pump defects described so far are genetic and produce subtler, often tissue and isoform specific, disturbances that affect individual components of the Ca(2+)-controlling and/or processing machinery, compellingly indicating a specialized role for each Ca(2+) pump type and/or isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Brini
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro Padova, Italy.
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Bleeker NP, Cornea RL, Thomas DD, Xing C. A novel SERCA inhibitor demonstrates synergy with classic SERCA inhibitors and targets multidrug-resistant AML. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4358-66. [PMID: 24079514 DOI: 10.1021/mp400458u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance exists as a major obstacle in the treatment of cancer, and drug molecules that retain effectiveness against resistant cancers are a high clinical priority. Ethyl 2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate (CXL017) was recently identified as a promising lead for the treatment of multidrug-resistant leukemia, which elicits its cytotoxic effect, in part, through inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA). Herein initial experiments with SERCA1a and CXL017 demonstrated no significant effect on calcium affinity, competed with ATP, and induced a dose-dependent decrease in ATPase activity. Among all CXLs tested, (-)-CXL017 exhibited the greatest SERCA inhibition with an IC50 = 13.5 ± 0.5 μM. Inhibitor combination studies were used to assess potential interactions between (-)-CXL017 and well-known SERCA inhibitors: thapsigargin, cyclopiazonic acid, and 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone. Surprisingly, (-)-CXL017 exhibited marked synergy with each of the known SERCA inhibitors, whereas all combinations of the known inhibitors yielded additive effects, indicating that (-)-CXL017 may bind at a unique allosteric site. Treatment of parental (HL60) and multidrug-resistant (HL60/MX2) acute myeloid leukemia cells with the known SERCA inhibitors revealed that all of these inhibitors demonstrate selective cytotoxicity (7.7-400-fold) for the resistant cell line. Within the CXL series, a positive correlation exists between SERCA inhibition and cytotoxicity in HL60/MX2 but not HL60. (-)-CXL017 was also shown to enhance the cytotoxicity of thapsigargin in HL60/MX2 cells. Given the elevated SERCA levels and ER calcium content in HL60/MX2, SERCA likely plays a significant role in the collateral sensitivity of this multidrug-resistance cell line to CXL molecules as well as known SERCA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Bleeker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota , 2231 Sixth St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Monaco G, Decrock E, Nuyts K, Wagner II LE, Luyten T, Strelkov SV, Missiaen L, De Borggraeve WM, Leybaert L, Yule DI, De Smedt H, Parys JB, Bultynck G. Alpha-helical destabilization of the Bcl-2-BH4-domain peptide abolishes its ability to inhibit the IP3 receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73386. [PMID: 24137498 PMCID: PMC3795776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein is the founding member and namesake of the Bcl-2-protein family. It has recently been demonstrated that Bcl-2, apart from its anti-apoptotic role at mitochondrial membranes, can also directly interact with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), the primary Ca(2+)-release channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Bcl-2 can thereby reduce pro-apoptotic IP3R-mediated Ca(2+) release from the ER. Moreover, the Bcl-2 homology domain 4 (Bcl-2-BH4) has been identified as essential and sufficient for this IP3R-mediated anti-apoptotic activity. In the present study, we investigated whether the reported inhibitory effect of a Bcl-2-BH4 peptide on the IP 3R1 was related to the distinctive α-helical conformation of the BH4 domain peptide. We therefore designed a peptide with two glycine "hinges" replacing residues I14 and V15, of the wild-type Bcl-2-BH4 domain (Bcl-2-BH4-IV/GG). By comparing the structural and functional properties of the Bcl-2-BH4-IV/GG peptide with its native counterpart, we found that the variant contained reduced α-helicity, neither bound nor inhibited the IP 3R1 channel, and in turn lost its anti-apoptotic effect. Similar results were obtained with other substitutions in Bcl-2-BH4 that destabilized the α-helix with concomitant loss of IP3R inhibition. These results provide new insights for the further development of Bcl-2-BH4-derived peptides as specific inhibitors of the IP3R with significant pharmacological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monaco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: (GB); (GM)
| | - Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Nuyts
- Section of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Larry E. Wagner II
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Tomas Luyten
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Section of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Physiology Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Humbert De Smedt
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail: (GB); (GM)
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Cadmium and cellular signaling cascades: interactions between cell death and survival pathways. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1743-86. [PMID: 23982889 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress elicited by the toxic metal Cd(2+) does not coerce the cell into committing to die from the onset. Rather, detoxification and adaptive processes are triggered concurrently, allowing survival until normal function is restored. With high Cd(2+), death pathways predominate. However, if sublethal stress levels affect cells for prolonged periods, as in chronic low Cd(2+) exposure, adaptive and survival mechanisms may deregulate, such that tumorigenesis ensues. Hence, death and malignancy are the two ends of a continuum of cellular responses to Cd(2+), determined by magnitude and duration of Cd(2+) stress. Signaling cascades are the key factors affecting cellular reactions to Cd(2+). This review critically surveys recent literature to outline major features of death and survival signaling pathways as well as their activation, interactions and cross talk in cells exposed to Cd(2+). Under physiological conditions, receptor activation generates 2nd messengers, which are short-lived and act specifically on effectors through their spatial and temporal dynamics to transiently alter effector activity. Cd(2+) recruits physiological 2nd messenger systems, in particular Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which control key Ca(2+)- and redox-sensitive molecular switches dictating cell function and fate. Severe ROS/Ca(2+) signals activate cell death effectors (ceramides, ASK1-JNK/p38, calpains, caspases) and/or cause irreversible damage to vital organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas low localized ROS/Ca(2+) levels act as 2nd messengers promoting cellular adaptation and survival through signal transduction (ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt-PKB) and transcriptional regulators (Ref1-Nrf2, NF-κB, Wnt, AP-1, bestrophin-3). Other cellular proteins and processes targeted by ROS/Ca(2+) (metallothioneins, Bcl-2 proteins, ubiquitin-proteasome system, ER stress-associated unfolded protein response, autophagy, cell cycle) can evoke death or survival. Hence, temporary or permanent disruptions of ROS/Ca(2+) induced by Cd(2+) play a crucial role in eliciting, modulating and linking downstream cell death and adaptive and survival signaling cascades.
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Monaco G, Vervliet T, Akl H, Bultynck G. The selective BH4-domain biology of Bcl-2-family members: IP3Rs and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1171-83. [PMID: 22955373 PMCID: PMC11113329 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2-family members not only neutralize pro-apoptotic proteins but also directly regulate intracellular Ca(2+) signaling from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), critically controlling cellular health, survival, and death initiation. Furthermore, distinct Bcl-2-family members may selectively regulate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R): Bcl-2 likely acts as an endogenous inhibitor of the IP3R, preventing pro-apoptotic Ca(2+) transients, while Bcl-XL likely acts as an endogenous IP3R-sensitizing protein promoting pro-survival Ca(2+) oscillations. Furthermore, distinct functional domains in Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL may underlie the divergence in IP3R regulation. The Bcl-2 homology (BH) 4 domain, which targets the central modulatory domain of the IP3R, is likely to be Bcl-2's determining factor. In contrast, the hydrophobic cleft targets the C-terminal Ca(2+)-channel tail and might be more crucial for Bcl-XL's function. Furthermore, one amino acid critically different in the sequence of Bcl-2's and Bcl-XL's BH4 domains underpins their selective effect on Ca(2+) signaling and distinct biological properties of Bcl-2 versus Bcl-XL. This difference is evolutionary conserved across five classes of vertebrates and may represent a fundamental divergence in their biological function. Moreover, these insights open novel avenues to selectively suppress malignant Bcl-2 function in cancer cells by targeting its BH4 domain, while maintaining essential Bcl-XL functions in normal cells. Thus, IP3R-derived molecules that mimic the BH4 domain's binding site on the IP3R may function synergistically with BH3-mimetic molecules selectivity suppressing Bcl-2's proto-oncogenic activity. Finally, a more general role for the BH4 domain on IP3Rs, rather than solely anti-apoptotic, may not be excluded as part of a complex network of molecular interactions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling/genetics
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Humans
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/chemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/genetics
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/physiology
- Models, Biological
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Multigene Family/physiology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/physiology
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/physiology
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monaco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Haidar Akl
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Bultynck
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg O/N-1 bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Das SG, Hermanson DL, Bleeker N, Lowman X, Li Y, Kelekar A, Xing C. Ethyl 2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate (CXL017): a novel scaffold that resensitizes multidrug resistant leukemia cells to chemotherapy. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:327-35. [PMID: 23102022 DOI: 10.1021/cb300460f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle in the treatment of cancer, and there is a pressing need for new therapies. We have recently developed ethyl 2-amino-6-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate (CXL017), derived from a dual inhibitor of Bcl-2 and SERCA proteins, sHA 14-1, with selective cytotoxicity toward MDR cancer cell lines in vitro. In this study, we present new evidence for its therapeutic potential in treatment of MDR cancers and offer mechanistic insights toward its preferential targeting of drug-resistant cancer. CXL017 selectively suppressed the growth of tumors derived from the MDR cancer cell line, HL60/MX2, in vivo. In addition, even after chronic exposure to CXL017, HL60/MX2 failed to develop stable resistance to CXL017, whereas it acquired >2000-fold resistance to cytarabine (Ara-C), the major first-line chemotherapy for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Remarkably, instead of acquiring further cross-resistance, HL60/MX2 cells exposed to CXL017 were resensitized to standard therapies (10- to 100-fold). Western blotting analyses revealed that CXL017 exposure significantly down-regulated Mcl-1 and Bax and up-regulated Noxa, Bim, Bcl-X(L), SERCA2, and SERCA3 proteins, along with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium content. Given the well-established functions of Bcl-2 family proteins and ER calcium in drug resistance, our results suggest that the down-regulation of Mcl-1 and the up-regulation of Noxa and Bim along with the decrease in ER calcium content are likely responsible for CXL017-induced resensitization of MDR cancer cells. These data also demonstrate the unique potential of CXL017 to overcome MDR in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia G. Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts
02111, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David L. Hermanson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas Bleeker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Xazmin Lowman
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yunfang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ameeta Kelekar
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 425 East River Road, Minneapolis,
Minnesota 55455, United States
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44
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Pan Z, Gollahon L. Paclitaxel attenuates Bcl-2 resistance to apoptosis in breast cancer cells through an endoplasmic reticulum-mediated calcium release in a dosage dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:431-7. [PMID: 23415863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To address the controversy regarding efficacy of paclitaxel in the presence of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, we investigated calcium stored in the endoplasmic reticulum as a potential factor. Our results showed that the ER calcium store is a common target for both paclitaxel and Bcl-2 protein. Paclitaxel directly associates with the endoplasmic reticulum to stimulate the release of calcium into the cytosol, contributing to the induction of apoptosis. However, Bcl-2 expression suppresses the cell's pro-apoptotic response of endoplasmic reticulum calcium release, thus inhibiting susceptibility of cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Depending upon dosage, a paclitaxel-induced stimulatory effect can overcome the Bcl-2-mediated inhibitory effect on endoplasmic reticulum calcium release, thus attenuating the resistance of Bcl-2 to apoptosis. Our finding is the first to demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum calcium plays a key role in the efficacy of paclitaxel in the presence of Bcl-2, thus providing insight into the complex but crucial paclitaxel-calcium-Bcl-2 relationship, which may impact breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, United States.
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45
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Abstract
BCL-2 family proteins are the regulators of apoptosis, but also have other functions. This family of interacting partners includes inhibitors and inducers of cell death. Together they regulate and mediate the process by which mitochondria contribute to cell death known as the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This pathway is required for normal embryonic development and for preventing cancer. However, before apoptosis is induced, BCL-2 proteins have critical roles in normal cell physiology related to neuronal activity, autophagy, calcium handling, mitochondrial dynamics and energetics, and other processes of normal healthy cells. The relative importance of these physiological functions compared to their apoptosis functions in overall organismal physiology is difficult to decipher. Apoptotic and noncanonical functions of these proteins may be intertwined to link cell growth to cell death. Disentanglement of these functions may require delineation of biochemical activities inherent to the characteristic three-dimensional shape shared by distantly related viral and cellular BCL-2 family members.
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46
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Bonneau B, Prudent J, Popgeorgiev N, Gillet G. Non-apoptotic roles of Bcl-2 family: the calcium connection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1755-65. [PMID: 23360981 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The existence of the bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) gene was reported nearly 30 years ago. Yet, Bcl-2 family group of proteins still surprises us with their structural and functional diversity. Since the discovery of the Bcl-2 family of proteins as one of the main apoptosis judges, the precise mechanism of their action remains a hot topic of intensive scientific research and debates. Although extensive work has been performed on the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, more and more studies point out an implication of the endoplasmic reticulum in this process. Interestingly, Bcl-2 family proteins could be localized to both the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum highlighting their crucial role in apoptosis control. In particular, in these organelles Bcl-2 proteins seem to be involved in calcium homeostasis regulation although the mechanisms underlying this function are still misunderstood. We now assume with high degree of certainty that the majority of Bcl-2 family members take part not only in apoptosis regulation but also in other processes important for the cell physiology briefly denominated as "non-apoptotic" functions. Drawing a complete and comprehensive image of Bcl-2 family requires the understanding of their implications in all cellular processes. Here, we review the current knowledge on the control of calcium homeostasis by the Bcl-2 family at the endoplasmic reticulum and at the mitochondria. Then we focus on the non-apoptotic functions of the Bcl-2 proteins in relation with the regulation of this versatile intracellular messenger. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 12th European Symposium on Calcium.
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47
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Lam CK, Zhao W, Cai W, Vafiadaki E, Florea SM, Ren X, Liu Y, Robbins N, Zhang Z, Zhou X, Jiang M, Rubinstein J, Jones WK, Kranias EG. Novel role of HAX-1 in ischemic injury protection involvement of heat shock protein 90. Circ Res 2012; 112:79-89. [PMID: 22982986 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.279935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Ischemic heart disease is characterized by contractile dysfunction and increased cardiomyocyte death, induced by necrosis and apoptosis. Increased cell survival after an ischemic insult is critical and depends on several cellular pathways, which have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the anti-apoptotic hematopoietic lineage substrate-1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1), recently identified as regulator of cardiac Ca cycling, also may ameliorate cellular injury with an ischemic insult. METHODS AND RESULTS We report that cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with significant decreases in HAX-1 levels ex vivo and in vivo. Accordingly, overexpression of HAX-1 improved contractile recovery, coupled with reduced infarct size, plasma troponin I level, and apoptosis. The beneficial effects were associated with decreased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response through specific inhibition of the inositol-requiring enzyme (IRE-1) signaling pathway, including its downstream effectors caspase-12 and the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein. Conversely, HAX-1 heterozygous-deficient hearts exhibited increases in infarct size and IRE-1 activity. The inhibitory effects of HAX-1 were mediated by its binding to the N-terminal fragment of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Moreover, HAX-1 sequestered Hsp90 from IRE-1 to the phospholamban-sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase complex. The HAX-1 regulation was further supported by loss of IRE-1 inhibition in presence of the Hsp90 inhibitor, 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury is associated with decreases in HAX-1 levels. Consequently, overexpression of HAX-1 promotes cardiomyocyte survival, mediated by its interaction with Hsp90 and specific inhibition of IRE-1 signaling at the ER/sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Keung Lam
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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48
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Heat-shock proteins attenuate SERCA inactivation by the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2: possible implications for the ER Ca2+-mediated apoptosis. Biochem J 2012; 444:127-39. [PMID: 22360692 DOI: 10.1042/bj20111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that Bcl-2 and Bcl-2Δ21, a C-terminally truncated Bcl-2 sequence, inactivate SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase) 1 in isolated SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum), accompanied by a translocation from CRDs (caveolae-related domains) of the SR. In the present study, we obtained evidence for the interaction of Bcl-2 with SERCA2b in C2C12 myoblasts and HEK (human embryonic kidney)-293 cells. Bcl-2 and SERCA2b co-immunoprecipitated from lysate and microsomal fractions of Bcl-2-overexpressing cells. However, Bcl-2 overexpression resulted only in a slight translocation from the CRDs and no significant SERCA inactivation. In isolated HEK-293 cell microsomes, incubation with Bcl-2Δ21 afforded SERCA2b inactivation and some translocation. HSP (heat-shock protein) 70, HSP90, HSP27 and α-crystallin attenuated Bcl-2Δ21-dependent SERCA2b inactivation. An in vitro mechanistic study with the SERCA1 isoform shows that HSP70 (i) protects SERCA1 from the inactivation by Bcl-2Δ21, (ii) inhibits SERCA1 translocation from CRD fractions, and (iii) prevents the Bcl-2Δ21-dependent loss of FITC labelling. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism of SERCA inactivation by Bcl-2 established in vitro for the SERCA1 isoform can be extended to the main housekeeping SERCA2b isoform, and that functional interactions of SERCA2b and Bcl-2 in the cell may be modulated by HSP70 and other chaperones and stress-regulated proteins.
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49
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Abstract
The airway epithelium functions as a barrier and front line of host defense in the lung. Apoptosis or programmed cell death can be elicited in the epithelium as a response to viral infection, exposure to allergen or to environmental toxins, or to drugs. While apoptosis can be induced via activation of death receptors on the cell surface or by disruption of mitochondrial polarity, epithelial cells compared to inflammatory cells are more resistant to apoptotic stimuli. This paper focuses on the response of airway epithelium to apoptosis in the normal state, apoptosis as a potential regulator of the number and types of epithelial cells in the airway, and the contribution of epithelial cell apoptosis in important airways diseases.
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50
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Henke N, Lisak DA, Schneider L, Habicht J, Pergande M, Methner A. The ancient cell death suppressor BAX inhibitor-1. Cell Calcium 2011; 50:251-60. [PMID: 21663964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) was initially identified for its ability to inhibit BAX-induced apoptosis in yeast cells and is the founding member of a family of highly hydrophobic proteins localized in diverse cellular membranes. It is evolutionarily conserved and orthologues from plants can substitute for mammalian BI-1 in regard to its anti-apoptotic function suggesting a high degree of functional conservation. BI-1 interacts with BCL-2 and BCL-XL and, similar to these two anti-apoptotic proteins, the effect of BI-1 on cell death involves changes in the amount of Ca(2+) releasable from intracellular stores. However, BI-1 is also a negative regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 α, it interacts with G-actin and increases actin polymerization, enhances cancer metastasis by altering glucose metabolism and activating the sodium-hydrogen exchanger, and reduces the production of reactive oxygen species through direct interaction with NADPH-P450 reductase. In this contribution, we summarize what is known about the expression, intracellular localization and structure of BI-1 and specifically illuminate its effects on the intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and how this might relate to its other functions. We also present a thorough phylogenetic analysis of BI-1 proteins from major phyla together with paralogues from all BI-1 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Henke
- Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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