1
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Papasavvas E, Lu L, Fair M, Oliva I, Cassel J, Majumdar S, Mounzer K, Kostman JR, Tebas P, Bar-Or A, Muthumani K, Montaner LJ. Cloning and functional characterization of novel human neutralizing anti-interferon-alpha and anti-interferon-beta antibodies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.05.591636. [PMID: 38746170 PMCID: PMC11092762 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.591636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play a pivotal role in immune response modulation, yet dysregulation is implicated in various disorders. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tools that facilitate the understanding of their mechanism of action and enable the development of more effective anti-IFN therapeutic strategies. In this study, we isolated, cloned, and characterized anti-IFN-α and anti-IFN-β antibodies (Abs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals treated with IFN-α or IFN-β, harboring confirmed neutralizing Abs. Clones AH07856 and AH07857 were identified as neutralizing anti-IFN-α-specific with inhibition against IFN-α2a, -α2b, and -αK subtypes. Clones AH07859 and AH07866 were identified as neutralizing anti-IFN-β1a-specific signaling, and able to block Lipopolysaccharide or S100 calcium binding protein A14-induced IFN-β signaling effects. Cloned Abs bind rhesus but not murine IFNs. The specificity of inhibition between IFN-α and IFN-β suggests potential for diverse research and clinical applications.
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2
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McFarlane A, Pohler E, Moraga I. Molecular and cellular factors determining the functional pleiotropy of cytokines. FEBS J 2023; 290:2525-2552. [PMID: 35246947 PMCID: PMC10952290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble factors vital for mammalian physiology. Cytokines elicit highly pleiotropic activities, characterized by their ability to induce a wide spectrum of functional responses in a diverse range of cell subsets, which makes their study very challenging. Cytokines activate signalling via receptor dimerization/oligomerization, triggering activation of the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signalling pathway. Given the strong crosstalk and shared usage of key components of cytokine signalling pathways, a long-standing question in the field pertains to how functional diversity is achieved by cytokines. Here, we discuss how biophysical - for example, ligand-receptor binding affinity and topology - and cellular - for example, receptor, JAK and STAT protein levels, endosomal compartment - parameters contribute to the modulation and diversification of cytokine responses. We review how these parameters ultimately converge into a common mechanism to fine-tune cytokine signalling that involves the control of the number of Tyr residues phosphorylated in the receptor intracellular domain upon cytokine stimulation. This results in different kinetics of STAT activation, and induction of specific gene expression programs, ensuring the generation of functional diversity by cytokines using a limited set of signalling intermediaries. We describe how these first principles of cytokine signalling have been exploited using protein engineering to design cytokine variants with more specific and less toxic responses for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McFarlane
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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3
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Zanin N, Viaris de Lesegno C, Podkalicka J, Meyer T, Gonzalez Troncoso P, Bun P, Danglot L, Chmiest D, Urbé S, Piehler J, Blouin CM, Lamaze C. STAM and Hrs interact sequentially with IFN-α Receptor to control spatiotemporal JAK-STAT endosomal activation. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:425-438. [PMID: 36797476 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the JAK-STAT pathway by type I interferons (IFNs) requires clathrin-dependent endocytosis of the IFN-α and -β receptor (IFNAR), indicating a role for endosomal sorting in this process. The molecular machinery that brings the selective activation of IFN-α/β-induced JAK-STAT signalling on endosomes remains unknown. Here we show that the constitutive association of STAM with IFNAR1 and TYK2 kinase at the plasma membrane prevents TYK2 activation by type I IFNs. IFN-α-stimulated IFNAR endocytosis delivers the STAM-IFNAR complex to early endosomes where it interacts with Hrs, thereby relieving TYK2 inhibition by STAM and triggering signalling of IFNAR at the endosome. In contrast, when stimulated by IFN-β, IFNAR signalling occurs independently of Hrs as IFNAR is sorted to a distinct endosomal subdomain. Our results identify the molecular machinery that controls the spatiotemporal activation of IFNAR by IFN-α and establish the central role of endosomal sorting in the differential regulation of JAK-STAT signalling by IFN-α and IFN-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Zanin
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.,Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), URBC, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Christine Viaris de Lesegno
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Joanna Podkalicka
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.,Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Pamela Gonzalez Troncoso
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bun
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,NeurImag Imaging Facility, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Chmiest
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.,Department of Biochemistry, CIIL Biomedical Research Center, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, University of Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Cédric M Blouin
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Paris, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France.
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4
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Frasca F, Scordio M, Santinelli L, Gabriele L, Gandini O, Criniti A, Pierangeli A, Angeloni A, Mastroianni CM, d'Ettorre G, Viscidi RP, Antonelli G, Scagnolari C. Anti-IFN-α/-ω neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients correlate with downregulation of IFN response and laboratory biomarkers of disease severity. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:1120-1128. [PMID: 35419822 PMCID: PMC9087404 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A significant number of COVID‐19 patients were shown to have neutralizing antibodies (NAB) against IFN; however, NAB specificity, fluctuation over time, associations with biochemical and hematological parameters, and IFN gene expression are not well characterized. Binding antibodies (BAB) to IFN‐α/‐β were screened in COVID‐19 patients’ serum. All BAB positive sera, and a subset of respiratory samples, were tested for NAB against IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω, using an antiviral bioassay. Transcript levels of IFN‐α/‐β/‐ω and IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs) were quantified. Anti‐IFN‐I BAB were found in 61 out of 360 (17%) of patients. Among BAB positive sera, 21.3% had a high NAB titer against IFN‐α. A total of 69.2% of anti‐IFN‐α NAB sera displayed cross‐reactivity to IFN‐ω. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB persisted in all patients. NAB to IFN‐α were also detected in 3 out of 17 (17.6%) of respiratory samples. Anti‐IFN‐I NAB were higher in males (p = 0.0017), patients admitted to the ICU (p < 0.0001), and patients with a fatal outcome (p < 0.0001). NAB were associated with higher levels of CRP, LDH, d‐Dimer, and higher counts of hematological parameters. ISG‐mRNAs were reduced in patients with persistently NAB titer. NAB are detected in a significant proportion of severe COVID‐19. NAB positive patients presented a defective IFN response and increased levels of laboratory biomarkers of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frasca
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Scordio
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Letizia Santinelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Orietta Gandini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Criniti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio M Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella d'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Scagnolari
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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5
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Kirby D, Parmar B, Fathi S, Marwah S, Nayak CR, Cherepanov V, MacParland S, Feld JJ, Altan-Bonnet G, Zilman A. Determinants of Ligand Specificity and Functional Plasticity in Type I Interferon Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748423. [PMID: 34691060 PMCID: PMC8529159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Type I Interferon family of cytokines all act through the same cell surface receptor and induce phosphorylation of the same subset of response regulators of the STAT family. Despite their shared receptor, different Type I Interferons have different functions during immune response to infection. In particular, they differ in the potency of their induced anti-viral and anti-proliferative responses in target cells. It remains not fully understood how these functional differences can arise in a ligand-specific manner both at the level of STAT phosphorylation and the downstream function. We use a minimal computational model of Type I Interferon signaling, focusing on Interferon-α and Interferon-β. We validate the model with quantitative experimental data to identify the key determinants of specificity and functional plasticity in Type I Interferon signaling. We investigate different mechanisms of signal discrimination, and how multiple system components such as binding affinity, receptor expression levels and their variability, receptor internalization, short-term negative feedback by SOCS1 protein, and differential receptor expression play together to ensure ligand specificity on the level of STAT phosphorylation. Based on these results, we propose phenomenological functional mappings from STAT activation to downstream anti-viral and anti-proliferative activity to investigate differential signal processing steps downstream of STAT phosphorylation. We find that the negative feedback by the protein USP18, which enhances differences in signaling between Interferons via ligand-dependent refractoriness, can give rise to functional plasticity in Interferon-α and Interferon-β signaling, and explore other factors that control functional plasticity. Beyond Type I Interferon signaling, our results have a broad applicability to questions of signaling specificity and functional plasticity in signaling systems with multiple ligands acting through a bottleneck of a small number of shared receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Kirby
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Baljyot Parmar
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sepehr Fathi
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sagar Marwah
- Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra R Nayak
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physics, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Vera Cherepanov
- Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonya MacParland
- Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Grégoire Altan-Bonnet
- Immunodynamics Group, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anton Zilman
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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6
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Rojas M, Luz-Crawford P, Soto-Rifo R, Reyes-Cerpa S, Toro-Ascuy D. The Landscape of IFN/ISG Signaling in HIV-1-Infected Macrophages and Its Possible Role in the HIV-1 Latency. Cells 2021; 10:2378. [PMID: 34572027 PMCID: PMC8467246 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A key characteristic of Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is the generation of latent viral reservoirs, which have been associated with chronic immune activation and sustained inflammation. Macrophages play a protagonist role in this context since they are persistently infected while being a major effector of the innate immune response through the generation of type-I interferons (type I IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). The balance in the IFN signaling and the ISG induction is critical to promote a successful HIV-1 infection. Classically, the IFNs response is fine-tuned by opposing promotive and suppressive signals. In this context, it was described that HIV-1-infected macrophages can also synthesize some antiviral effector ISGs and, positive and negative regulators of the IFN/ISG signaling. Recently, epitranscriptomic regulatory mechanisms were described, being the N6-methylation (m6A) modification on mRNAs one of the most relevant. The epitranscriptomic regulation can affect not only IFN/ISG signaling, but also type I IFN expression, and viral fitness through modifications to HIV-1 RNA. Thus, the establishment of replication-competent latent HIV-1 infected macrophages may be due to non-classical mechanisms of type I IFN that modulate the activation of the IFN/ISG signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masyelly Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad of Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile;
| | - Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Daniela Toro-Ascuy
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile;
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7
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Chauhan P, Nair A, Patidar A, Dandapat J, Sarkar A, Saha B. A primer on cytokines. Cytokine 2021; 145:155458. [PMID: 33581983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are pleiotropic polypeptides that control the development of and responses mediated by immune cells. Cytokine classification predominantly relies on [1] the target receptor(s), [2] the primary structural features of the extracellular domains of their receptors, and [3] their receptor composition. Functionally, cytokines are either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors, developmental and would healing maintaining immune homeostasis. When the balance in C can form complex networks amongst themselves that may affect the homeostasis and diseases. Cytokines can affect resistance and susceptibility for many diseases and their availability in the host cytokine production and interaction is disturbed, immunopathogenesis sets in. Therefore, cytokine-targeting bispecific, and chimeric antibodies form a significant mode of immnuo-therapeutics Although the field has grown deep and wide, many areas of cytokine biology remain unknown. Here, we have reviewed these cytokines along with the organization, signaling, and functions through respective cytokine-receptor-families. Being part of the special issue on the Role of Cytokines in Leishmaniasis, this review is intended to be used as an organized primer on cytokines and not a resource for detailed discussion- for which a two-volume Handbook of cytokines is available- on each of the cytokines. Priming the readers on cytokines, we next brief the role of cytokines in Leishmaniasis. In the brief, we do not provide an account of each of the involved cytokines known to date, instead, we offer a temporal relationship between the cytokines and the progress of the infection towards the alternate outcomes- healing or non-healing- of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chauhan
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Arathi Nair
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ashok Patidar
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Jagneshwar Dandapat
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, India
| | - Arup Sarkar
- Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India; Trident Academy of Creative Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India; Department of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE (Deemed University), Vijayapura 562135, India.
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8
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Zanin N, Viaris de Lesegno C, Lamaze C, Blouin CM. Interferon Receptor Trafficking and Signaling: Journey to the Cross Roads. Front Immunol 2021; 11:615603. [PMID: 33552080 PMCID: PMC7855707 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.615603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Like most plasma membrane proteins, type I interferon (IFN) receptor (IFNAR) traffics from the outer surface to the inner compartments of the cell. Long considered as a passive means to simply control subunits availability at the plasma membrane, an array of new evidence establishes IFNAR endocytosis as an active contributor to the regulation of signal transduction triggered by IFN binding to IFNAR. During its complex journey initiated at the plasma membrane, the internalized IFNAR complex, i.e. IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits, will experience post-translational modifications and recruit specific effectors. These finely tuned interactions will determine not only IFNAR subunits destiny (lysosomal degradation vs. plasma membrane recycling) but also the control of IFN-induced signal transduction. Finally, the IFNAR system perfectly illustrates the paradigm of the crosstalk between membrane trafficking and intracellular signaling. Investigating the complexity of IFN receptor intracellular routes is therefore necessary to reveal new insight into the role of IFNAR membrane dynamics in type I IFNs signaling selectivity and biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Zanin
- NDORMS, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Viaris de Lesegno
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signalling Laboratory, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signalling Laboratory, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Cedric M Blouin
- Institut Curie-Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signalling Laboratory, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, Paris, France
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9
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Wittling MC, Cahalan SR, Levenson EA, Rabin RL. Shared and Unique Features of Human Interferon-Beta and Interferon-Alpha Subtypes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:605673. [PMID: 33542718 PMCID: PMC7850986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) were first discovered as an antiviral factor by Isaacs and Lindenmann in 1957, but they are now known to also modulate innate and adaptive immunity and suppress proliferation of cancer cells. While much has been revealed about IFN-I, it remains a mystery as to why there are 16 different IFN-I gene products, including IFNβ, IFNω, and 12 subtypes of IFNα. Here, we discuss shared and unique aspects of these IFN-I in the context of their evolution, expression patterns, and signaling through their shared heterodimeric receptor. We propose that rather than investigating responses to individual IFN-I, these contexts can serve as an alternative approach toward investigating roles for IFNα subtypes. Finally, we review uses of IFNα and IFNβ as therapeutic agents to suppress chronic viral infections or to treat multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megen C Wittling
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shannon R Cahalan
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Eric A Levenson
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Ronald L Rabin
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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10
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Fox LE, Locke MC, Lenschow DJ. Context Is Key: Delineating the Unique Functions of IFNα and IFNβ in Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:606874. [PMID: 33408718 PMCID: PMC7779635 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical effector cytokines of the immune system and were originally known for their important role in protecting against viral infections; however, they have more recently been shown to play protective or detrimental roles in many disease states. Type I IFNs consist of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNϵ, IFNκ, IFNω, and a few others, and they all signal through a shared receptor to exert a wide range of biological activities, including antiviral, antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and immunomodulatory effects. Though the individual type I IFN subtypes possess overlapping functions, there is growing appreciation that they also have unique properties. In this review, we summarize some of the mechanisms underlying differential expression of and signaling by type I IFNs, and we discuss examples of differential functions of IFNα and IFNβ in models of infectious disease, cancer, and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey E Fox
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marissa C Locke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
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11
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Gao F, Tan Y, Luo H. MALAT1 is involved in type I IFNs-mediated systemic lupus erythematosus by up-regulating OAS2, OAS3, and OASL. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e9292. [PMID: 32321151 PMCID: PMC7184960 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20209292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with an aberrant activation of immune cells partly due to the dysfunction of cytokines such as type I interferons (IFNs). Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 has been found to play a pathogenic role in SLE; however, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Bioinformatics analysis showed the up-regulation of type I IFN downstream effectors OAS2, OAS3, and OASL (OAS-like) in CD4+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD33+ myeloid cells in patients with active SLE compared to healthy participants. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), CD19+ B, and CD4+ T cells were isolated from active SLE patients and healthy participants. PCR was performed to quantify MALAT1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression in immune cells. MALAT1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL were knocked down in CD4+ T cells to investigate the regulatory effect of MALAT1 on the effectors and their involvement in type I IFNs-mediated inflammation. Results showed higher OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression in active SLE patients. MALAT1 expression was positively correlated to OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression in CD19+ B or CD4+ T cells. MALAT1 knockdown decreased OAS2, OAS3, and OASL expression. Treatment with IFN-α-2a increased the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-α in CD4+ T cells. However, knockdown of MALAT1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL alone inhibited the effect of IFN-α-2a on TNF-α and IL-1β. This study suggested the involvement of MALAT1 in type I IFNs-mediated SLE by up-regulating OAS2, OAS3, and OASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Tan
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Kaifu District, Changsha, China
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12
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Ickler J, Francois S, Widera M, Santiago ML, Dittmer U, Sutter K. HIV infection does not alter interferon α/β receptor 2 expression on mucosal immune cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0218905. [PMID: 31935222 PMCID: PMC6959566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response induced by type I interferons (IFNs) plays a critical role in the establishment of HIV infection. IFNs are induced early in HIV infection and trigger an antiviral defense program by signaling through the IFNα/β receptor (IFNAR), which consists of two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. Changes in IFNAR expression in HIV target cells, as well as other immune cells, could therefore have important consequences for initial HIV spread. It was previously reported that IFNAR2 expression is increased in peripheral blood CD4+ CXCR4+ T cells of HIV+ patients compared to HIV uninfected controls, suggesting that HIV infection may alter the IFN responsiveness of target cells. However, the earliest immune cells affected by HIV in vivo reside in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). To date, it remains unknown if IFNAR expression is altered in GALT immune cells in the context of HIV infection and exposure to IFNs, including the 12 IFNα subtypes. Here, we analyzed the expression of surface bound and soluble IFNAR2 on Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) isolated from the GALT of HIV- individuals and in plasma samples of HIV+ patients. IFNAR2 expression varied between different T cells, B cells and natural killer cells, but was not altered following HIV infection. Furthermore, expression of the soluble IFNAR2a isoform was not changed in HIV+ patients compared to healthy donors, nor in LPMCs after HIV-1 infection ex vivo. Even though the 12 human IFNα subtypes trigger different biological responses and vary in their affinity to both receptor subunits, stimulation of LPMCs with different recombinant IFNα subtypes did not result in any significant changes in IFNAR2 surface expression. Our data suggests that potential changes in the IFN responsiveness of mucosal immune cells during HIV infection are unlikely dictated by changes in IFNAR2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ickler
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandra Francois
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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13
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Hamilton JA, Hsu HC, Mountz JD. Autoreactive B cells in SLE, villains or innocent bystanders? Immunol Rev 2019; 292:120-138. [PMID: 31631359 PMCID: PMC6935412 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current concepts for development of autoreactive B cells in SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) focus on extrinsic stimuli and factors that provoke B cells into tolerance loss. Traditionally, major tolerance loss pathways are thought to be regulated by factors outside the B cell including autoantigen engagement of the B-cell receptor (BCR) with simultaneous type I interferon (IFN) produced by dendritic cells, especially plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Later, in autoreactive follicles, B-cells encounter T-follicular helper cells (Tfh) that produce interleukin (IL)-21, IL-4 and pathogenic cytokines, IL-17 and IFN gamma (IFNɣ). This review discusses these mechanisms and also highlights recent advances pointing to the peripheral transitional B-cell stage as a major juncture where transient autocrine IFNβ expression by developing B-cells imprints a heightened susceptibility to external factors favoring differentiation into autoantibody-producing plasmablasts. Recent studies highlight transitional B-cell heterogeneity as a determinant of intrinsic resistance or susceptibility to tolerance loss through the shaping of B-cell responsiveness to cytokines and other environment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui-Chen Hsu
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John D Mountz
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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14
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Sprooten J, Agostinis P, Garg AD. Type I interferons and dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 348:217-262. [PMID: 31810554 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) facilitate cancer immunosurveillance, antitumor immunity and antitumor efficacy of conventional cell death-inducing therapies (chemotherapy/radiotherapy) as well as immunotherapy. Moreover, it is clear that dendritic cells (DCs) play a significant role in aiding type I IFN-driven immunity. Owing to these antitumor properties several immunotherapies involving, or inducing, type I IFNs have received considerable clinical attention, e.g., recombinant IFNα2 or agonists targeting pattern recognition receptor (PRR) pathways like Toll-like receptors (TLRs), cGAS-STING or RIG-I/MDA5/MAVS. A series of preclinical and clinical evidence concurs that the success of anticancer therapy hinges on responsiveness of both cancer cells and DCs to type I IFNs. In this article, we discuss this link between type I IFNs and DCs in the context of cancer biology, with particular attention to mechanisms behind type I IFN production, their impact on DC driven anticancer immunity, and the implications of this for cancer immunotherapy, including DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Sprooten
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Unit, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Differential Regulation of Type I and Type III Interferon Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061445. [PMID: 30901970 PMCID: PMC6471306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are very powerful cytokines, which play a key role in combatting pathogen infections by controlling inflammation and immune response by directly inducing anti-pathogen molecular countermeasures. There are three classes of IFNs: type I, type II and type III. While type II IFN is specific for immune cells, type I and III IFNs are expressed by both immune and tissue specific cells. Unlike type I IFNs, type III IFNs have a unique tropism where their signaling and functions are mostly restricted to epithelial cells. As such, this class of IFN has recently emerged as a key player in mucosal immunity. Since the discovery of type III IFNs, the last 15 years of research in the IFN field has focused on understanding whether the induction, the signaling and the function of these powerful cytokines are regulated differently compared to type I IFN-mediated immune response. This review will cover the current state of the knowledge of the similarities and differences in the signaling pathways emanating from type I and type III IFN stimulation.
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16
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Sharma N, O'Neal AJ, Gonzalez C, Wittling M, Gjinaj E, Parsons LM, Panda D, Khalenkov A, Scott D, Misra S, Rabin RL. S27 of IFNα1 Contributes to Its Low Affinity for IFNAR2 and Weak Antiviral Activity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:283-292. [PMID: 30920934 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) signal by forming a high affinity IFN-IFNAR2 dimer, which subsequently recruits IFNAR1 to form a ternary complex that initiates JAK/STAT signaling. Among the 12 IFNα subtypes, IFNα1 has a uniquely low affinity for IFNAR2 (<100 × of the other IFNα subtypes) and commensurately weak antiviral activity, suggesting an undefined function distinct from suppression of viral infections. Also unique in IFNα1 is substitution of a serine for phenylalanine at position 27, a contact point that stabilizes the IFNα:IFNAR2 hydrophobic interface. To determine whether IFNα1-S27 contributes to the low affinity for IFNAR2, we created an IFNα1 mutein, IFNα1-S27F, and compared it to wild-type IFNα1 and IFNα2. Substitution of phenylalanine for serine increased affinity for IFNAR2 ∼4-fold and commensurately enhanced activation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, transcription of a subset of interferon stimulated genes, and restriction of vesicular stomatitis virus infection in vitro. Structural modeling suggests that S27 of IFNα1 disrupts the IFNα:IFNAR2 hydrophobic interface that is otherwise stabilized by F27 and that replacing S27 with phenylalanine partially restores the hydrophobic surface. Disruption of the hydrophobic IFNα:IFNAR2 interface by the unique S27 of IFN α1 contributes to its low affinity and weak antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Sharma
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Anya J O'Neal
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Christian Gonzalez
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Megen Wittling
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Erisa Gjinaj
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Lisa M Parsons
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Debasis Panda
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Alexey Khalenkov
- 2 Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Dorothy Scott
- 2 Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Saurav Misra
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Ronald L Rabin
- 1 Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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17
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Matozaki M, Saito Y, Yasutake R, Munira S, Kaibori Y, Yukawa A, Tada M, Nakayama Y. Involvement of Stat3 phosphorylation in mild heat shock-induced thermotolerance. Exp Cell Res 2019; 377:67-74. [PMID: 30776355 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerance is a phenomenon in which cells become resistant to stress by prior exposure to heat shock, and its development is associated with the induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps), including Hsp70. We previously showed that the expression of Hsp70 is regulated by the cytokine signaling transcription factor Stat3, but the role of Stat3 in thermotolerance is not known. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of Stat3 in the acquisition of thermotolerance. We found that severe heat shock-induced morphological changes and decreases in cell viability, which were suppressed by exposure to non-lethal mild heat shock prior to severe heat shock. This thermotolerance development was accompanied by Stat3 phosphorylation and the induction of Hsps such as Hsp105, Hsp70, and Hsp27. Stat3 phosphorylation and Hsp induction were inhibited by AG490, an inhibitor of JAK tyrosine kinase. Consistent with this, we found that mild heat shock-induced thermotolerance was partially suppressed by AG490 or knockdown of Hsp105. We also found that the Stat3 inhibitor Stattic suppresses the acquisition of thermotolerance by inhibiting the mild heat shock-induced Stat3 phosphorylation and Hsp105 expression. These results suggest that the mild heat shock-dependent stimulation of the JAK-Stat signaling pathway contributes to the development of thermotolerance via the induction of Hsps including Hsp105. This signaling pathway may be a useful target for hyperthermia cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Matozaki
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Youhei Saito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Ryuji Yasutake
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Sirajam Munira
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kaibori
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akihisa Yukawa
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Madoka Tada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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18
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Tsoi LC, Hile GA, Berthier CC, Sarkar MK, Reed TJ, Liu J, Uppala R, Patrick M, Raja K, Xing X, Xing E, He K, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM. Hypersensitive IFN Responses in Lupus Keratinocytes Reveal Key Mechanistic Determinants in Cutaneous Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2121-2130. [PMID: 30745462 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease in which 70% of patients experience disfiguring skin inflammation (grouped under the rubric of cutaneous lupus erythematosus [CLE]). There are limited treatment options for SLE and no Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for CLE. Studies have revealed that IFNs are important mediators for SLE and CLE, but the mechanisms by which IFNs lead to disease are still poorly understood. We aimed to investigate how IFN responses in SLE keratinocytes contribute to development of CLE. A cohort of 72 RNA sequencing samples from 14 individuals (seven SLE and seven healthy controls) were analyzed to study the transcriptomic effects of type I and type II IFNs on SLE versus control keratinocytes. In-depth analysis of the IFN responses was conducted. Bioinformatics and functional assays were conducted to provide implications for the change of IFN response. A significant hypersensitive response to IFNs was identified in lupus keratinocytes, including genes (IFIH1, STAT1, and IRF7) encompassed in SLE susceptibility loci. Binding sites for the transcription factor PITX1 were enriched in genes that exhibit IFN-sensitive responses. PITX1 expression was increased in CLE lesions based on immunohistochemistry, and by using small interfering RNA knockdown, we illustrated that PITX1 was required for upregulation of IFN-regulated genes in vitro. SLE patients exhibit increased IFN signatures in their skin secondary to increased production and a robust, skewed IFN response that is regulated by PITX1. Targeting these exaggerated pathways may prove to be beneficial to prevent and treat hyperinflammatory responses in SLE skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Grace A Hile
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Celine C Berthier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Tamra J Reed
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Matthew Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kalpana Raja
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Enze Xing
- University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kevin He
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109;
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19
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Williams DW, Askew LC, Jones E, Clements JE. CCR2 Signaling Selectively Regulates IFN-α: Role of β-Arrestin 2 in IFNAR1 Internalization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:105-118. [PMID: 30504423 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An integral component of the antiviral response, type I IFNs require regulation to modulate immune activation. We identify β-arrestin 2 as a key modulator of type I IFN in primary human macrophages, an essential component of the innate immune response. β-Arrestin 2 was selectively activated by CCL2/CCR2 signaling, which induced a decrease in IFN-α, but not IFN-β expression. Small interfering RNA knockdown of β-arrestin 2 demonstrated its role in IFNAR1 internalization, as well as STAT1 and IRF3 activation. As a result, cytokine responses were not propagated following HIV infection and TLR3 activation. However, remnants of IFN signaling remained intact, despite β-arrestin 2 activation, as IFN-β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IRF7, TRAIL, and MxA expression were sustained. Similar effects of β-arrestin 2 on IFN signaling occurred in hepatocytes, suggesting that arrestins may broadly modulate IFN responses in multiple cell types. In summary, we identify a novel role of β-arrestin 2 as an integral regulator of type I IFN through its internalization of IFNAR1 and a subsequent selective loss of downstream IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionna W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Lauren C Askew
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Elonna Jones
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205; and.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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20
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Gorby C, Martinez-Fabregas J, Wilmes S, Moraga I. Mapping Determinants of Cytokine Signaling via Protein Engineering. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2143. [PMID: 30319612 PMCID: PMC6170656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines comprise a large family of secreted ligands that are critical for the regulation of immune homeostasis. Cytokines initiate signaling via dimerization or oligomerization of the cognate receptor subunits, triggering the activation of the Janus Kinases (JAKs)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) pathway and the induction of specific gene expression programs and bioactivities. Deregulation of cytokines or their downstream signaling pathways are at the root of many human disorders including autoimmunity and cancer. Identifying and understanding the mechanistic principles that govern cytokine signaling will, therefore, be highly important in order to harness the therapeutic potential of cytokines. In this review, we will analyze how biophysical (ligand-receptor binding geometry and affinity) and cellular (receptor trafficking and intracellular abundance of signaling molecules) parameters shape the cytokine signalosome and cytokine functional pleiotropy; from the initial cytokine binding to its receptor to the degradation of the cytokine receptor complex in the proteasome and/or lysosome. We will also discuss how combining advanced protein engineering with detailed signaling and functional studies has opened promising avenues to tackle complex questions in the cytokine signaling field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Gorby
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Martinez-Fabregas
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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21
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Xia C, Anderson P, Hahm B. Viral dedication to vigorous destruction of interferon receptors. Virology 2018; 522:19-26. [PMID: 30014854 PMCID: PMC6087481 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) exhibit forceful inhibitory activities against numerous viruses by inducing synthesis of anti-viral proteins or promoting immune cell functions, which help eradicate the vicious microbes. Consequently, the degree to which viruses evade or counterattack IFN responses influences viral pathogenicity. Viruses have developed many strategies to interfere with the synthesis of IFNs or IFN receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, multiple viruses decrease levels of IFN receptors via diverse tactics, which include decreasing type I IFN receptor mRNA expression, blocking post-translational modification of the receptor, and degrading IFN receptors. Recently, influenza virus was found to induce CK1α-induced phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of the receptor for type I and II IFNs. In this review, viral mechanisms that remove IFN receptors are summarized with an emphasis on the mechanisms for virus-induced degradation of IFN receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xia
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Laboratory for Infectious Disease Research, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bumsuk Hahm
- Departments of Surgery and Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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22
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Li H, Sharma N, General IJ, Schreiber G, Bahar I. Dynamic Modulation of Binding Affinity as a Mechanism for Regulating Interferon Signaling. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:2571-2589. [PMID: 28648616 PMCID: PMC5545807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
How structural dynamics affects cytokine signaling is under debate. Here, we investigated the dynamics of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor, IFNAR1, and its effect on signaling upon binding IFN and IFNAR2 using a combination of structure-based mechanistic studies, in situ binding, and gene induction assays. Our study reveals that IFNAR1 flexibility modulates ligand-binding affinity, which, in turn, regulates biological signaling. We identified the hinge sites and key interactions implicated in IFNAR1 inter-subdomain (SD1-SD4) movements. We showed that the predicted cooperative movements are essential to accommodate intermolecular interactions. Engineered disulfide bridges, computationally predicted to interfere with IFNAR1 dynamics, were experimentally confirmed. Notably, introducing disulfide bonds between subdomains SD2 and SD3 modulated IFN binding and activity in accordance with the relative attenuation of cooperative movements with varying distance from the hinge center, whereas locking the SD3-SD4 interface flexibility in favor of an extended conformer increased activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchun Li
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ignacio J General
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; School of Science and Technology, and CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, San Martin, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Moraga I, Spangler JB, Mendoza JL, Gakovic M, Wehrman TS, Krutzik P, Garcia KC. Synthekines are surrogate cytokine and growth factor agonists that compel signaling through non-natural receptor dimers. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28498099 PMCID: PMC5429090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine and growth-factor ligands typically signal through homo- or hetero-dimeric cell surface receptors via Janus Kinase (JAK/TYK), or Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK)-mediated trans-phosphorylation. However, the number of receptor dimer pairings occurring in nature is limited to those driven by natural ligands encoded within our genome. We have engineered synthethic cytokines (synthekines) that drive formation of cytokine receptor dimer pairings that are not formed by endogenous cytokines and that are not found in nature, and which activate distinct signaling programs. We show that a wide range of non-natural cytokine receptor hetero-dimers are competent to elicit a signaling output. We engineered synthekine ligands that assembled IL-2Rβ/IL-4Rα or IL-4Rα/IFNAR2 receptor heterodimers, that do not occur naturally, triggering signaling and functional responses distinct from those activated by the endogenous cytokines IL-2, IL-4, and IFN. Furthermore, hybrid synthekine ligands that dimerized a JAK/STAT cytokine receptor with a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) also elicited a signaling response. Synthekines represent a new family of synthetic ligands with pre-defined receptors, but 'orphan' functions, that enable the full combinatorial scope of dimeric signaling receptors encoded within the human genome to be exploited for basic research and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Jamie B Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Milica Gakovic
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | | | | | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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24
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de Weerd NA, Matthews AY, Pattie PR, Bourke NM, Lim SS, Vivian JP, Rossjohn J, Hertzog PJ. A hot spot on interferon α/β receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) underpins its interaction with interferon-β and dictates signaling. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7554-7565. [PMID: 28289093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of IFN-β with its receptor IFNAR1 (interferon α/β receptor subunit 1) is vital for host-protective anti-viral and anti-proliferative responses, but signaling via this interaction can be detrimental if dysregulated. Whereas it is established that IFNAR1 is an essential component of the IFNAR signaling complex, the key residues underpinning the IFN-β-IFNAR1 interaction are unknown. Guided by the crystal structure of the IFN-β-IFNAR1 complex, we used truncation variants and site-directed mutagenesis to investigate domains and residues enabling complexation of IFN-β to IFNAR1. We have identified an interface on IFNAR1-subdomain-3 that is differentially utilized by IFN-β and IFN-α for signal transduction. We used surface plasmon resonance and cell-based assays to investigate this important IFN-β binding interface that is centered on IFNAR1 residues Tyr240 and Tyr274 binding the C and N termini of the B and C helices of IFN-β, respectively. Using IFNAR1 and IFN-β variants, we show that this interface contributes significantly to the affinity of IFN-β for IFNAR1, its ability to activate STAT1, the expression of interferon stimulated genes, and ultimately to the anti-viral and anti-proliferative properties of IFN-β. These results identify a key interface created by IFNAR1 residues Tyr240 and Tyr274 interacting with IFN-β residues Phe63, Leu64, Glu77, Thr78, Val81, and Arg82 that underlie IFN-β-IFNAR1-mediated signaling and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- From the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia, .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Antony Y Matthews
- From the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Phillip R Pattie
- From the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Nollaig M Bourke
- From the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - San S Lim
- From the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Julian P Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia, and.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Hertzog
- From the Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia, .,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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25
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Activation of the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway after In Vitro Stimulation with IFNß in Multiple Sclerosis Patients According to the Therapeutic Response to IFNß. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170031. [PMID: 28103257 PMCID: PMC5245989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon beta (IFNß) is a common treatment used for multiple sclerosis (MS) which acts through the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. However, this therapy is not always effective and currently there are no reliable biomarkers to predict therapeutic response. We postulate that the heterogeneity in the response to IFNß therapy could be related to differential activation patterns of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Our aim was to evaluate the basal levels and the short term activation of this pathway after IFNß stimulation in untreated and IFNß treated patients, as well as according to therapeutic response. Therefore, cell surface levels of IFNAR subunits (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) and the activated forms of STAT1 and STAT2 were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MS patients by flow cytometry. Basal levels of each of the markers strongly correlated with the expression of the others in untreated patients, but many of these correlations lost significance in treated patients and after short term activation with IFNß. Patients who had undergone IFNß treatment showed higher basal levels of IFNAR1 and pSTAT1, but a reduced response to in vitro exposure to IFNß. Conversely, untreated patients, with lower basal levels, showed a greater ability of short term activation of this pathway. Monocytes from responder patients had lower IFNAR1 levels (p = 0.039) and higher IFNAR2 levels (p = 0.035) than non-responders just after IFNß stimulation. A cluster analysis showed that levels of IFNAR1, IFNAR2 and pSTAT1-2 in monocytes grouped 13 out of 19 responder patients with a similar expression pattern, showing an association of this pattern with the phenotype of good response to IFNß (p = 0.013). Our findings suggest that an activation pattern of the IFNß signaling pathway in monocytes could be associated with a clinical phenotype of good response to IFNß treatment and that a differential modulation of the IFNAR subunits in monocytes could be related with treatment effectiveness.
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26
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Ziegler SM, Beisel C, Sutter K, Griesbeck M, Hildebrandt H, Hagen SH, Dittmer U, Altfeld M. Human pDCs display sex-specific differences in type I interferon subtypes and interferon α/β receptor expression. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:251-256. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M. Ziegler
- Department of Virus Immunology; Heinrich Pette Institute; Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Claudia Beisel
- Department of Virus Immunology; Heinrich Pette Institute; Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology; Hamburg Germany
- Section Infectious Diseases; I. Department of Internal Medicine; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, and DZIF partner site (German Center for Infection Research); Hamburg Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology University Hospital in Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Morgane Griesbeck
- CIMI; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/INSERM U1135; Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière; Paris France
| | - Heike Hildebrandt
- Department of Virus Immunology; Heinrich Pette Institute; Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sven H. Hagen
- Department of Virus Immunology; Heinrich Pette Institute; Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology University Hospital in Essen; University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Department of Virus Immunology; Heinrich Pette Institute; Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology; Hamburg Germany
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27
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Chmiest D, Sharma N, Zanin N, Viaris de Lesegno C, Shafaq-Zadah M, Sibut V, Dingli F, Hupé P, Wilmes S, Piehler J, Loew D, Johannes L, Schreiber G, Lamaze C. Spatiotemporal control of interferon-induced JAK/STAT signalling and gene transcription by the retromer complex. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13476. [PMID: 27917878 PMCID: PMC5150223 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFNs) play a key role in the immune defences against viral and bacterial infections, and in cancer immunosurveillance. We have established that clathrin-dependent endocytosis of the type-I interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR) is required for JAK/STAT signalling. Here we show that the internalized IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits of the IFNAR complex are differentially sorted by the retromer at the early endosome. Binding of the retromer VPS35 subunit to IFNAR2 results in IFNAR2 recycling to the plasma membrane, whereas IFNAR1 is sorted to the lysosome for degradation. Depletion of VPS35 leads to abnormally prolonged residency and association of the IFNAR subunits at the early endosome, resulting in increased activation of STAT1- and IFN-dependent gene transcription. These experimental data establish the retromer complex as a key spatiotemporal regulator of IFNAR endosomal sorting and a new factor in type-I IFN-induced JAK/STAT signalling and gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Chmiest
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Natacha Zanin
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christine Viaris de Lesegno
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Massiullah Shafaq-Zadah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
- Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Vonick Sibut
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005 Paris, France
- Mines Paris-Tech, F-75272 Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Hupé
- Bioinformatics and Computational Systems Biology of Cancer, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
- INSERM U900, 75005 Paris, France
- Mines Paris-Tech, F-75272 Paris, France
- CNRS UMR144, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Stephan Wilmes
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, 49074 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Damarys Loew
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Ludger Johannes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
- Endocytic Trafficking and Intracellular Delivery Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, F-75248 Paris, France
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Membrane Dynamics and Mechanics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Institut Curie–Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, 26 rue d'Ulm, F-75248 Paris, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1143, 75005 Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, 75005 Paris, France
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28
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Zhou Y, Li S, Tang Z, Xu C, Huang S, Wu J, Dittmer U, Dickow J, Sutter K, Lu M, Yang D, Song J. Different antiviral effects of IFNα and IFNβ in an HBV mouse model. Immunobiology 2016; 222:562-570. [PMID: 27839836 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferons α and β (IFNα and IFNβ) are type I interferons produced by the host to control pathogen propagation. However, only a minority of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients generate a sustained response after treatment with recombinant IFNα. The anti-HBV effect of IFNβ and the underlying mechanism are not well-understood. Here, we compared the antiviral activities of IFNα and IFNβ by application of IFNα or IFNβ expression plasmids using the well-established HBV hydrodynamic injection (HI) mouse model. Injection of IFNα expression plasmid could significantly reduce HBV serum markers including HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA as well as the number of HBcAg positive cells in the liver, while IFNβ showed only a weak inhibition of HBV replication. In contrast to IFNβ, IFNα resulted in elevated expression levels of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) as well as the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) in the liver. Moreover, IFNβ treated mice showed higher expression levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL10 and TGFβ in the liver compared to IFNα. Our results demonstrated that both IFNα and IFNβ exert antiviral activities against HBV in HI mouse model, but IFNα is more effective than IFNβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, PR China.
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China; Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Zongsheng Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Chunli Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Shunmei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Julia Dickow
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
| | - Jingjiao Song
- Experimental Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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29
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de Jong TD, Vosslamber S, Mantel E, de Ridder S, Wesseling JG, van der Pouw Kraan TCTM, Leurs C, Hegen H, Deisenhammer F, Killestein J, Lundberg IE, Vencovsky J, Nurmohamed MT, van Schaardenburg D, Bultink IEM, Voskuyl AE, Pegtel DM, van der Laken CJ, Bijlsma JWJ, Verweij CL. Physiological evidence for diversification of IFNα- and IFNβ-mediated response programs in different autoimmune diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:49. [PMID: 26882897 PMCID: PMC4756531 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of the type I interferon (IFN) response program is described for several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), myositis (IIM) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). While IFNα contributes to SLE pathology, IFNβ therapy is often beneficial in MS, implying different immunoregulatory roles for these IFNs. This study was aimed to investigate potential diversification of IFNα-and IFNβ-mediated response programs in autoimmune diseases. Methods Peripheral blood gene expression of 23 prototypical type I IFN response genes (IRGs) was determined in 54 healthy controls (HCs), 69 SLE (47 test, 22 validation), 149 IFNβ-treated MS (71 test, 78 validation), 160 untreated MS, 78 IIM and 76 RA patients. Patients with a type I IFN signature were selected for analysis. Results We identified IFNα- and IFNβ-specific response programs (GC-A and GC-B, respectively) in SLE and IFNβ-treated MS patients. Concordantly, the GC-A/GC-B log-ratio was positive for all SLE patients and negative for virtually all IFNβ-treated MS patients, which was confirmed in additional cohorts. Applying this information to other autoimmune diseases, IIM patients displayed positive GC-A/GC-B log-ratios, indicating predominant IFNα activity. The GC-A/GC-B log-ratio in RA was lower and approached zero in part of the patients, implying relative importance of both clusters. Remarkably, GC-A/GC-B log-ratios appeared most heterogeneous in untreated MS; half of the patients displayed GC-A dominance, whereas others showed GC-B dominance or log-ratios near zero. Conclusions Our findings show diversification of the type I IFN response in autoimmune diseases, suggesting different pathogenic roles of the type I IFNs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0946-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamarah D de Jong
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Saskia Vosslamber
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elise Mantel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander de Ridder
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - John G Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Cyra Leurs
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Harald Hegen
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid E Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Mike T Nurmohamed
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene E M Bultink
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandre E Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Conny J van der Laken
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes W J Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis L Verweij
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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30
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Wedeking T, Löchte S, Birkholz O, Wallenstein A, Trahe J, Klingauf J, Piehler J, You C. Spatiotemporally Controlled Reorganization of Signaling Complexes in the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:5912-5918. [PMID: 26421417 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triggered immobilization of proteins in the plasma membrane of living cells into functional micropatterns is established by using an adaptor protein, which is comprised of an antiGFP nanobody fused to the HaloTag protein. Efficient in situ reorganization of the type I interferon receptor subunits as well as intact, fully functional signaling complexes in living cells are achieved by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wedeking
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Sara Löchte
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Oliver Birkholz
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Alexander Wallenstein
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Julia Trahe
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, Münster, 48149, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klingauf
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 31, Münster, 48149, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003-CiM), University of Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, Osnabrück, 49076, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Type-I interferon (IFN)-induced activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway has been implicated in translational control of mRNAs encoding interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). However, mTOR-sensitive translatomes commonly include mRNAs with a 5’ terminal oligopyrimidine tract (TOP), such as those encoding ribosomal proteins, but not ISGs. Because these translatomes were obtained under conditions when ISG expression is not induced, we examined the mTOR-sensitive translatome in human WISH cells stimulated with IFN β. The mTOR inhibitor Torin1 resulted in a repression of global protein synthesis, including that of ISG products, and translation of all but 3 ISG mRNAs (TLR3, NT5C3A, and RNF19B) was not selectively more sensitive to mTOR inhibition. Detailed studies of NT5C3A revealed an IFN-induced change in transcription start site resulting in a switch from a non-TOP to a TOP-like transcript variant and mTOR sensitive translation. Thus, we show that, in the cell model used, translation of the vast majority of ISG mRNAs is not selectively sensitive to mTOR activity and describe an uncharacterized mechanism wherein the 5’-UTR of an mRNA is altered in response to a cytokine, resulting in a shift from mTOR-insensitive to mTOR-sensitive translation.
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Interferon Beta and Interferon Alpha 2a Differentially Protect Head and Neck Cancer Cells from Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Induced Oncolysis. J Virol 2015; 89:7944-54. [PMID: 25995245 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00757-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oncolytic viruses (OV) preferentially kill cancer cells due in part to defects in their antiviral responses upon exposure to type I interferons (IFNs). However, IFN responsiveness of some tumor cells confers resistance to OV treatment. The human type I IFNs include one IFN-β and multiple IFN-α subtypes that share the same receptor but are capable of differentially inducing biological responses. The role of individual IFN subtypes in promoting tumor cell resistance to OV is addressed here. Two human IFNs which have been produced for clinical use, IFN-α2a and IFN-β, were compared for activity in protecting human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) lines from oncolysis by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Susceptibility of HNSCC lines to killing by VSV varied. VSV infection induced increased production of IFN-β in resistant HNSCC cells. When added exogenously, IFN-β was significantly more effective at protecting HNSCC cells from VSV oncolysis than was IFN-α2a. In contrast, normal keratinocytes and endothelial cells were protected equivalently by both IFN subtypes. Differential responsiveness of tumor cells to IFN-α and -β was further supported by the finding that autocrine IFN-β but not IFN-α promoted survival of HNSCC cells during persistent VSV infection. Therefore, IFN-α and -β differentially affect VSV oncolysis, justifying the evaluation and comparison of IFN subtypes for use in combination with VSV therapy. Pairing VSV with IFN-α2a may enhance selectivity of oncolytic VSV therapy for HNSCC by inhibiting VSV replication in normal cells without a corresponding inhibition in cancer cells. IMPORTANCE There has been a great deal of progress in the development of oncolytic viruses. However, a major problem is that individual cancers vary in their sensitivity to oncolytic viruses. In many cases this is due to differences in their production and response to interferons (IFNs). The experiments described here compared the responses of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines to two IFN subtypes, IFN-α2a and IFN-β, in protection from oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus. We found that IFN-α2a was significantly less protective for cancer cells than was IFN-β, whereas normal cells were equivalently protected by both IFNs. These results suggest that from a therapeutic standpoint, selectivity for cancer versus normal cells may be enhanced by pairing VSV with IFN-α2a.
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Kessing CF, Tyor WR. Interferon-α induces neurotoxicity through activation of the type I receptor and the GluN2A subunit of the NMDA receptor. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 35:317-24. [PMID: 25517826 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of interferon-alpha (IFNα) in the central nervous system (CNS) are linked to cognitive dysfunction in patients with inflammatory CNS diseases such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Increased CNS IFNα has also been found to be associated with cognitive dysfunction in a HAND mouse model. Here, we corroborate previous studies showing a dose-dependent decrease in dendritic branching and length caused by IFNα treatment and extend those studies. Because both direct and indirect mechanisms of IFNα-induced neurotoxicity are likely involved, the cell signaling pathway involving the IFNα receptor (IFNAR) was initially evaluated. Rat neuronal cultures exposed to IFNα demonstrate increased phosphorylation of STAT1 and increased interferon stimulating gene 15 (ISG15) expression, indicators of IFNAR engagement. However, specific blocking antibodies to the IFNAR were found to only partially protect neurons from IFNα-induced neurotoxicity. Additionally, inhibiting the GluN2A subunit of N-methyl-D-asparate receptor (NMDAR) was also found to be partially protective against IFNα-induced neurotoxicity compared with the GluN2B subunit. Neurotoxicity is evident in neurons extracted from IFNAR KO mice treated with IFNα as well, further indicating that IFNAR signaling is not required for IFNα neurotoxicity. The neurotoxic actions of IFNα are mediated through both the IFNAR as well as the GluN2A subunit of the NMDAR to reduce dendritic arborization in neurons. Complete protection from IFNα-induced neurotoxicity was demonstrated when both pathways were blocked. Blocking these pathways could lead to potential therapies for cognitive dysfunction during neuroinflammation and specifically lead to better treatments for HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cari F Kessing
- 1 Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
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Bolen CR, Ding S, Robek MD, Kleinstein SH. Dynamic expression profiling of type I and type III interferon-stimulated hepatocytes reveals a stable hierarchy of gene expression. Hepatology 2014; 59:1262-72. [PMID: 23929627 PMCID: PMC3938553 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite activating similar signaling cascades, the type I and type III interferons (IFNs) differ in their ability to antagonize virus replication. However, it is not clear whether these cytokines induce unique antiviral states, particularly in the liver, where the clinically important hepatitis B and C viruses cause persistent infection. Here, clustering and promoter analyses of microarray-based gene expression profiling were combined with mechanistic studies of signaling pathways to dynamically characterize the transcriptional responses induced by these cytokines in Huh7 hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. Type I and III IFNs differed greatly in their level of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction with a clearly detectable hierarchy (IFN-β > IFN-α > IFN-λ3 > IFN-λ1 > IFN-λ2). Notably, although the hierarchy identified varying numbers of differentially expressed genes when quantified using common statistical thresholds, further analysis of gene expression over multiple timepoints indicated that the individual IFNs do not in fact regulate unique sets of genes. The kinetic profiles of IFN-induced gene expression were also qualitatively similar with the important exception of IFN-α. While stimulation with either IFN-β or IFN-λs resulted in a similar long-lasting ISG induction, IFN-α signaling peaked early after stimulation then declined due to a negative feedback mechanism. The quantitative expression hierarchy and unique kinetics of IFN-α reveal potential specific roles for individual IFNs in the immune response, and elucidate the mechanism behind previously observed differences in IFN antiviral activity. While current clinical trials are focused on IFN-λ1 as a potential antiviral therapy, the finding that IFN-λ3 invariably possesses the highest activity among type III IFNs suggests that this cytokine may have superior clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Bolen
- Interdepartmental program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael D. Robek
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Steven H. Kleinstein
- Interdepartmental program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Menezes SM, Decanine D, Brassat D, Khouri R, Schnitman SV, Kruschewsky R, López G, Alvarez C, Talledo M, Gotuzzo E, Vandamme AM, Galvão-Castro B, Liblau R, Weyenbergh JV. CD80+ and CD86+ B cells as biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:18. [PMID: 24472094 PMCID: PMC3922160 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of the incapacitating, neuroinflammatory disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Currently, there are no disease-modifying therapies with long-term clinical benefits or validated biomarkers for clinical follow-up in HAM/TSP. Although CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules play prominent roles in immune regulation and reflect disease status in multiple sclerosis (MS), data in HAM/TSP are lacking. Methods Using flow cytometry, we quantified ex vivo and in vitro expression of CD80 and CD86 in PBMCs of healthy controls, HTLV-1-infected individuals with and without HAM/TSP, and MS patients. We hypothesized ex vivo CD80 and CD86 expressions and their in vitro regulation by interferon (IFN)-α/β mirror similarities between HAM/TSP and MS and hence might reveal clinically useful biomarkers in HAM/TSP. Results Ex vivo expression of CD80 and CD86 in T and B cells increased in all HTLV-1 infected individuals, but with a selective defect for B cell CD86 upregulation in HAM/TSP. Despite decreased total B cells with increasing disease duration (p = 0.0003, r = −0.72), CD80+ B cells positively correlated with disease severity (p = 0.0017, r = 0.69) in HAM/TSP. B cell CD80 expression was higher in women with HAM/TSP, underscoring that immune markers can reflect the female predominance observed in most autoimmune diseases. In contrast to MS patients, CD80+ (p = 0.0001) and CD86+ (p = 0.0054) lymphocytes expanded upon in vitro culture in HAM/TSP patients. The expansion of CD80+ and CD86+ T cells but not B cells was associated with increased proliferation in HTLV-1 infection. In vitro treatment with IFN-β but not IFN-α resulted in a pronounced increase of B cell CD86 expression in healthy controls, as well as in patients with neuroinflammatory disease (HAM/TSP and MS), similar to in vivo treatment in MS. Conclusions We propose two novel biomarkers, ex vivo CD80+ B cells positively correlating to disease severity and CD86+ B cells preferentially induced by IFN-β, which restores defective upregulation in HAM/TSP. This study suggests a role for B cells in HAM/TSP pathogenesis and opens avenues to B cell targeting (with proven clinical benefit in MS) in HAM/TSP but also CD80-directed immunotherapy, unprecedented in both HAM/TSP and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Johan Van Weyenbergh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Moraga I, Spangler J, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC. Multifarious determinants of cytokine receptor signaling specificity. Adv Immunol 2014; 121:1-39. [PMID: 24388212 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800100-4.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play crucial roles in regulating immune homeostasis. Two important characteristics of most cytokines are pleiotropy, defined as the ability of one cytokine to exhibit diverse functionalities, and redundancy, defined as the ability of multiple cytokines to exert overlapping activities. Identifying the determinants for unique cellular responses to cytokines in the face of shared receptor usage, pleiotropy, and redundancy will be essential in order to harness the potential of cytokines as therapeutics. Here, we discuss the biophysical (ligand-receptor geometry and affinity) and cellular (receptor trafficking and intracellular abundance of signaling molecules) parameters that contribute to the specificity of cytokine bioactivities. Whereas the role of extracellular ternary complex geometry in cytokine-induced signaling is still not completely elucidated, cytokine-receptor affinity is known to impact signaling through modulation of the stability and kinetics of ternary complex formation. Receptor trafficking also plays an important and likely underappreciated role in the diversification of cytokine bioactivities but it has been challenging to experimentally probe trafficking effects. We also review recent efforts to quantify levels of intracellular signaling components, as second messenger abundance can affect cytokine-induced bioactivities both quantitatively and qualitatively. We conclude by discussing the application of protein engineering to develop therapeutically relevant cytokines with reduced pleiotropy and redirected biological functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jamie Spangler
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
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Silva LCF, Almeida GMF, Oliveira DB, Dornas FP, Campos RK, La Scola B, Ferreira PCP, Kroon EG, Abrahão JS. A resourceful giant: APMV is able to interfere with the human type I interferon system. Microbes Infect 2013; 16:187-95. [PMID: 24295593 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus (APMV) is a giant, double-stranded virus of the Mimiviridae family that was discovered in 2003. Recent studies have shown that this virus is able to replicate in murine and human phagocytes and might be considered a putative human pathogen that causes pneumonia. However, there is little data regarding APMV and its host defense relationship. In the present study, we investigated how some components of the interferon (IFN) system are stimulated by APMV in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and how APMV replication is affected by IFN treatment. Our results demonstrated that APMV is able to replicate in human PBMCs, inducing type I Interferons (IFNs) but inhibiting interferon stimulated genes (ISG) induction by viroceptor and STAT-1 and STAT-2 dephosphorylation independent mechanisms. We also showed that APMV is resistant to the antiviral action of interferon-alpha2 (IFNA2) but is sensitive to the antiviral action of interferon-beta (IFNB1). Our results demonstrated the productive infection of professional phagocytes with APMV and showed that this virus is recognized by the immune system of vertebrates and inhibits it. It provides the first data regarding APMV and the IFN system interaction and raise new and relevant evolutional questions about the relationship between APMV and vertebrate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena C F Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel M F Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Danilo B Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Fábio P Dornas
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Rafael K Campos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Bernard La Scola
- URMITE, CNRS UMR 6236 - IRD 3R198, Aix Marseille Universite, Marseille, France.
| | - Paulo C P Ferreira
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Erna G Kroon
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jônatas S Abrahão
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Vírus, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Moore TC, Cody L, Kumm PM, Brown DM, Petro TM. IRF3 helps control acute TMEV infection through IL-6 expression but contributes to acute hippocampus damage following TMEV infection. Virus Res 2013; 178:226-33. [PMID: 24140628 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
IRF3 is an innate anti-viral factor whose role in limiting Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection and preventing TMEV-induced disease is unclear. Acute disease and innate immune responses of macrophages were examined in IRF3 knockout mice compared with C57Bl/6 mice following in vitro or intracranial infection with either TMEV GDVII or DA. IRF3 deficiency augmented viral infection, as well as morbidity and mortality following intracranial infection with neurovirulent TMEV GDVII. In contrast, IRF3 deficiency prevented hippocampal injury following intracranial infection with persistent TMEV DA. The extent of TMEV infection in macrophages from C57Bl/6 mice was significantly less than that in IRF3 deficient macrophages, which was associated with poor IFN-β and IL-6 expression in response to TMEV. Reestablishing IRF3 expression in IRF3 deficient macrophages increased control of TMEV replication and increased expression of IFN-β and IL-6. In addition, IRF3 deficient macrophages failed to exhibit IL-6 antiviral effects, which was associated with inability to sustain IL-6-induced STAT1 activation compared with C57BL/6 macrophages. Altogether, IRF3 contributes to early control of TMEV replication through induction of IL-6 and IFN-β and support of IL-6 antiviral effects, but contributes to TMEV-induced hippocampal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
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Krause CD, Digioia G, Izotova LS, Xie J, Kim Y, Schwartz BJ, Mirochnitchenko OV, Pestka S. Ligand-independent interaction of the type I interferon receptor complex is necessary to observe its biological activity. Cytokine 2013; 64:286-97. [PMID: 23830819 PMCID: PMC3770802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.06.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic coexpression of the two chains of the Type I and Type III interferon (IFN) receptor complexes (IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2c, or IFN-λR1 and IL-10R2) yielded sensitivity to IFN-alpha or IFN-lambda in only some cells. We found that IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2c exhibit FRET only when expressed at equivalent and low levels. Expanded clonal cell lines expressing both IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2c were sensitive to IFN-alpha only when IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2c exhibited FRET in the absence of human IFN-alpha. Coexpression of RACK-1 or Jak1 enhanced the affinity of the interaction between IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2c. Both IFN-αR1 and IFN-αR2c exhibited FRET with Jak1 and Tyk2. Together with data showing that disruption of the preassociation between the IFN-gamma receptor chains inhibited its biological activity, we propose that biologically active IFN receptors require ligand-independent juxtaposition of IFN receptor chains assisted by their associated cytosolic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Krause
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
| | - Gina Digioia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
- Pestka Biomedical Laboratories, 131 Ethel Road West, Suite 6, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Lara S. Izotova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
| | - Youngsun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
| | - Barbara J. Schwartz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
| | - Olga V. Mirochnitchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
| | - Sidney Pestka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School - The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA
- Pestka Biomedical Laboratories, 131 Ethel Road West, Suite 6, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
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Fuchs SY. Hope and fear for interferon: the receptor-centric outlook on the future of interferon therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:211-25. [PMID: 23570388 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After several decades of intense clinical research, the great promise of Type I interferons (IFN1) as the anticancer wonder drugs that could cure or, at the very least, curb the progression of various oncological diseases has regrettably failed to deliver. Severe side effects and low efficacy of IFN1-based pharmaceutics greatly limited use of these drugs and further reduced the enthusiasm of clinical oncologists for future optimization of IFN1-based therapeutic modalities. Incredibly, extensive clinical studies to assess the efficacy of IFN1 alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs have not been paralleled by an equal scope in defining the determinants that confer cell sensitivity or refractoriness to IFN1. Given that all effects of IFN1 on malignant and benign cells alike are mediated by its receptor, the mechanisms regulating these receptor cell surface levels should play a paramount role in shaping the magnitude and duration of IFN1-elicited effects. These mechanisms and their role in controlling IFN1 responses, as well as an ability of a growing tumor to commandeer these events, are the focus of our review. We postulate that activation of numerous signaling pathways leading to elimination of IFN1 receptor occurs in cancer cells and benign cells that contribute to tumor tissue. We further hypothesize that activation of these eliminative pathways enables the escape from IFN1-driven suppression of tumorigenesis and elicits the primary refractoriness of tumor to the pharmaceutical IFN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA.
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Pertsovskaya I, Abad E, Domedel-Puig N, Garcia-Ojalvo J, Villoslada P. Transient oscillatory dynamics of interferon beta signaling in macrophages. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:59. [PMID: 23837526 PMCID: PMC3711797 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) activates the immune response through the type I IFN signaling pathway. IFN-beta is important in the response to pathogen infections and is used as a therapy for Multiple Sclerosis. The mechanisms of self-regulation and control of this pathway allow precise and environment-dependent response of the cells in different conditions. Here we analyzed type I IFN signaling in response to IFN-beta in the macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 by RT-PCR, ELISA and xMAP assays. The experimental results were interpreted by means of a theoretical model of the pathway. Results Phosphorylation of the STAT1 protein (pSTAT1) and mRNA levels of the pSTAT1 inhibitor SOCS1 displayed an attenuated oscillatory behavior after IFN-beta activation. In turn, mRNA levels of the interferon regulatory factor IRF1 grew rapidly in the first 50–90 minutes after stimulation until a maximum value, and started to decrease slowly around 200–250 min. The analysis of our kinetic model identified a significant role of the negative feedback from SOCS1 in driving the observed damped oscillatory dynamics, and of the positive feedback from IRF1 in increasing STAT1 basal levels. Our study shows that the system works as a biological damped relaxation oscillator based on a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation network centered on STAT1. Moreover, a bifurcation analysis identified translocation of pSTAT1 dimers to the nucleus as a critical step for regulating the dynamics of type I IFN pathway in the first steps, which may be important in defining the response to IFN-beta therapy. Conclusions The immunomodulatory effect of IFN-beta signaling in macrophages takes the form of transient oscillatory dynamics of the JAK-STAT pathway, whose specific relaxation properties determine the lifetime of the cellular response to the cytokine.
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Baccala R, Gonzalez-Quintial R, Schreiber RD, Lawson BR, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. Anti-IFN-α/β receptor antibody treatment ameliorates disease in lupus-predisposed mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5976-84. [PMID: 23175700 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The demonstration in humans and mice that nucleic acid-sensing TLRs and type I IFNs are essential disease mediators is a milestone in delineating the mechanisms of lupus pathogenesis. In this study, we show that Ifnb gene deletion does not modify disease progression in NZB mice, thereby strongly implicating IFN-α subtypes as the principal pathogenic effectors. We further document that long-term treatment of male BXSB mice with an anti-IFN-α/β receptor Ab of mouse origin reduced serologic, cellular, and histologic disease manifestations and extended survival, suggesting that disease acceleration by the Tlr7 gene duplication in this model is mediated by type I IFN signaling. The efficacy of this treatment in BXSB mice was clearly evident when applied early in the disease process, but only partial reductions in some disease characteristics were observed when treatment was initiated at later stages. A transient therapeutic effect was also noted in the MRL-Fas(lpr) model, although overall mortality was unaffected. The combined findings suggest that IFN-α/β receptor blockade, particularly when started at early disease stages, may be a useful treatment approach for human systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Baccala
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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43
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USP18 establishes the transcriptional and anti-proliferative interferon α/β differential. Biochem J 2012; 446:509-16. [PMID: 22731491 DOI: 10.1042/bj20120541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs (interferons) are pathogen-induced immunoregulatory cytokines that exert anti-viral and anti-proliferative activities through binding to a common cell-surface receptor. Among the 17 human IFN subtypes, IFNβ binds the IFNAR (IFNα receptor) 1/IFNAR2 receptor chains with particularly high affinity and is especially potent in select bioactivities (e.g. anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic) when compared with IFNα2. However, no molecular basis has been ascribed to this differential action, since the two ligands are equipotent in immediate early signalling events. In the present study we report that IFNβ induces Stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes), including two genes with pro-apoptotic functions, for a considerably longer time frame than does IFNα2. We show that the diversification of α2/β responses progressively builds up at the receptor level as a result of accumulating USP18 (ubiquitin specific protease 18), itself an ISG, which exerts its negative feedback action by taking advantage of the weakness of IFNα2 binding to the receptor. This represents a novel type of signalling regulation that diversifies the biological potential of IFNs α and β.
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Piehler J, Thomas C, Garcia KC, Schreiber G. Structural and dynamic determinants of type I interferon receptor assembly and their functional interpretation. Immunol Rev 2012; 250:317-34. [PMID: 23046138 PMCID: PMC3986811 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) form a network of homologous cytokines that bind to a shared, heterodimeric cell surface receptor and engage signaling pathways that activate innate and adaptive immune responses. The ability of IFNs to mediate differential responses through the same cell surface receptor has been subject of a controversial debate and has important medical implications. During the past decade, a comprehensive insight into the structure, energetics, and dynamics of IFN recognition by its two-receptor subunits, as well as detailed correlations with their functional properties on the level of signal activation, gene expression, and biological responses were obtained. All type I IFNs bind the two-receptor subunits at the same sites and form structurally very similar ternary complexes. Differential IFN activities were found to be determined by different lifetimes and ligand affinities toward the receptor subunits, which dictate assembly and dynamics of the signaling complex in the plasma membrane. We present a simple model, which explains differential IFN activities based on rapid endocytosis of signaling complexes and negative feedback mechanisms interfering with ternary complex assembly. More insight into signaling pathways as well as endosomal signaling and trafficking will be required for a comprehensive understanding, which will eventually lead to therapeutic applications of IFNs with increased efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomas
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
The interferons (IFNs) were originally described over 50 years ago, identified by their ability to confer viral resistance to cells. We now know that they are much more than just anti‐viral cytokines collectively having roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses, in tumor surveillance and defense, and modulation of immune cell function. Three types of IFN have now been described, simply referred to as type I, II and III. Distinguishable by the unique receptors that they rely on for signal transduction, the three types of IFN have specific and varied roles in the maintenance of human health and defense against pathogens. In mounting an IFN‐mediated immune response, the human body has developed the ability to regulate IFN‐mediated signal transduction. Like all cytokines, the ability of a cell to respond to IFN is completely dependent on the presence of its cognate receptor on the surface of the target cell. Thus, one of the major mechanisms used by the human body to regulate the strength and duration of the IFN response is through regulation of receptor levels, thereby altering the cytokine‐specific responsiveness of the target cell. This review will discuss the receptor system utilized by the type I IFNs and compare it with that of the type II and III IFNs, which also regulate immune responses through controlling receptor level on the cell surface. The innate immune response recognises pathogens and sterile danger signals to generate effector cytokines, such as type I interferons (IFNs), with a high degree of sophistication. The May/June 2012 issue provides a series of reviews of the role of type I IFNs in regulating immune responses. Topics to be covered include the reason for the induction of IFNs, type I IFNs interactions with and regulation of target cells (e.g. T cells, B cells and Th10 cells) in the immune system, and the roles and mechanisms of IFNs in specific organs or diseases. The accompanying web focus presents links to related articles from across Nature Publishing Group to provide more background information about these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A de Weerd
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Fritz-French C, Tyor W. Interferon-α (IFNα) neurotoxicity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lavoie TB, Kalie E, Crisafulli-Cabatu S, Abramovich R, DiGioia G, Moolchan K, Pestka S, Schreiber G. Binding and activity of all human alpha interferon subtypes. Cytokine 2012; 56:282-9. [PMID: 21856167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrates have multiple genes encoding Type I interferons (IFN), for reasons that are not fully understood. The Type I IFN appear to bind to the same heterodimeric receptor and the subtypes have been shown to have different potencies in various experimental systems. To put this concept on a quantitative basis, we have determined the binding affinities and rate constants of 12 human Alpha-IFN subtypes to isolated interferon receptor chains 1 and 2. Alpha-IFNs bind IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 at affinities of 0.5-5 μM and 0.4-5 nM respectively (except for IFN-alpha1 - 220 nM). Additionally we have examined the biological activity of these molecules in several antiviral and antiproliferative models. Particularly for antiproliferative potency, the binding affinity and activity correlate. However, the EC50 values differ significantly (1.5 nM versus 0.1 nM for IFN-alpha2 in WISH versus OVCAR cells). For antiviral potency, there are several instances where the relationship appears to be more complicated than simple binding. These results will serve as a point of reference for further understanding of this multiple ligand/receptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Lavoie
- PBL InterferonSource, 131 Ethel Road West, Piscataway, NJ 08554, United States.
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Basal Activation of Type I Interferons (Alpha2 and Beta) and 2'5'OAS Genes: Insights into Differential Expression Profiles of Interferon System Components in Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Rheumatol 2011; 2011:275617. [PMID: 22121373 PMCID: PMC3206376 DOI: 10.1155/2011/275617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease in which interferons (IFNs) may play an essential role. We hypothesized that type I and III IFNs may be found in increased levels in patients and be responsible for SSc autoimmune status. Methods. Type I and III IFN and ISG basal expression profiles were measured by qPCR using RNA from PBMCs of patients and controls . Results. Type I IFNs are increased in SSc patients, while no induction of type III IFNs was detected. This induction cannot be related to IRF7, since no upregulation of this gene was seen on patients. Of the ISGs tested, 2′5′OAS levels were increased in patients, while 6–16 and MxA levels were not. Conclusions. While there is no indication of type III IFN induction, increased levels of type I IFNs may lead to abnormal regulation of ISGs that can be responsible for immune system alterations described for SSc.
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Thomas C, Moraga I, Levin D, Krutzik PO, Podoplelova Y, Trejo A, Lee C, Yarden G, Vleck SE, Glenn JS, Nolan GP, Piehler J, Schreiber G, Garcia KC. Structural linkage between ligand discrimination and receptor activation by type I interferons. Cell 2011; 146:621-32. [PMID: 21854986 PMCID: PMC3166218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) are important cytokines for innate immunity against viruses and cancer. Sixteen human type I IFN variants signal through the same cell-surface receptors, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, yet they can evoke markedly different physiological effects. The crystal structures of two human type I IFN ternary signaling complexes containing IFNα2 and IFNω reveal recognition modes and heterotrimeric architectures that are unique among the cytokine receptor superfamily but conserved between different type I IFNs. Receptor-ligand cross-reactivity is enabled by conserved receptor-ligand "anchor points" interspersed among ligand-specific interactions that "tune" the relative IFN-binding affinities, in an apparent extracellular "ligand proofreading" mechanism that modulates biological activity. Functional differences between IFNs are linked to their respective receptor recognition chemistries, in concert with a ligand-induced conformational change in IFNAR1, that collectively control signal initiation and complex stability, ultimately regulating differential STAT phosphorylation profiles, receptor internalization rates, and downstream gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thomas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Doron Levin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Peter O. Krutzik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yulia Podoplelova
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Angelica Trejo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Choongho Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ganit Yarden
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Susan E. Vleck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Glenn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baxter Lab in Stem Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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François-Newton V, Magno de Freitas Almeida G, Payelle-Brogard B, Monneron D, Pichard-Garcia L, Piehler J, Pellegrini S, Uzé G. USP18-based negative feedback control is induced by type I and type III interferons and specifically inactivates interferon α response. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22200. [PMID: 21779393 PMCID: PMC3136508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are cytokines that are rapidly secreted upon microbial infections and regulate all aspects of the immune response. In humans 15 type I IFN subtypes exist, of which IFN α2 and IFN β are used in the clinic for treatment of different pathologies. IFN α2 and IFN β are non redundant in their expression and in their potency to exert specific bioactivities. The more recently identified type III IFNs (3 IFN λ or IL-28/IL-29) bind an unrelated cell-type restricted receptor. Downstream of these two receptor complexes is a shared Jak/Stat pathway. Several mechanisms that contribute to the shut down of the IFN-induced signaling have been described at the molecular level. In particular, it has long been known that type I IFN induces the establishment of a desensitized state. In this work we asked how the IFN-induced desensitization integrates into the network built by the multiple type I IFN subtypes and type III IFNs. We show that priming of cells with either type I IFN or type III IFN interferes with the cell's ability to further respond to all IFN α subtypes. Importantly, primed cells are differentially desensitized in that they retain sensitivity to IFN β. We show that USP18 is necessary and sufficient to induce differential desensitization, by impairing the formation of functional binding sites for IFN α2. Our data highlight a new type of differential between IFNs α and IFN β and underline a cross-talk between type I and type III IFN. This cross-talk could shed light on the reported genetic variation in the IFN λ loci, which has been associated with persistence of hepatitis C virus and patient's response to IFN α2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique François-Newton
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, Paris, France
| | | | - Béatrice Payelle-Brogard
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, Paris, France
| | - Danièle Monneron
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5235, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Lydiane Pichard-Garcia
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1040, Université Montpellier I, Institut de Recherche en Biothérapie, Hôpital Saint Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Sandra Pellegrini
- Institut Pasteur, Cytokine Signaling Unit, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité de Recherche Associée 1961, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Uzé
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5235, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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