1
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Hu W, Wang M, Sun G, Zhang L, Lu H. RND3 modulates microglial polarization and alleviates neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114088. [PMID: 38744409 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia plays an important role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Rho family GTPase 3 (RND3) exerts anti-inflammatory effects and may act as a potential new inducer of neuroprotective phenotypes in microglia. However, whether RND3 can be used to regulate microglia activation or reduce neuroinflammation in PD remains elusive. The study investigated the microglia modulating effects and potential anti-inflammatory effects of RND3 in vivo and in vitro, using animal models of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD and cell models of BV-2 cells stimulated by LPS plus IFN-γ with or without RND3-overexpression. The results showed that RND3 was highly expressed in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model and BV-2 cells treated with LPS and IFN-γ. In vivo experiments confirmed that RND3 overexpression could modulate microglia phenotype and ameliorate MPTP-induced neuroinflammation through inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In vitro study showed that RND3 overexpression could attenuate the production of pro-inflammatory factors in BV2 cells stimulated by LPS and IFN-γ. Mechanistically, RND3 reduced the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome upon LPS and IFN-γ stimulation. Taken together, these findings suggest that RND3 modulates microglial polarization and alleviates neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guifang Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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2
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de Ávila MJR, López-López S, García-Blázquez A, Ruiz-García A, González-Gómez MJ, Nueda ML, Baladrón V, Pérez-Roger I, Poch E, Ballester-Lurbe B, García-Ramírez JJ, Monsalve EM, Díaz-Guerra MJM. RND3 Potentiates Proinflammatory Activation through NOTCH Signaling in Activated Macrophages. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:2264799. [PMID: 38343633 PMCID: PMC10857877 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2264799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is a complex process with multiple control elements that ensures an adequate response to the aggressor pathogens and, on the other hand, avoids an excess of inflammatory activity that could cause tissue damage. In this study, we have identified RND3, a small GTP-binding protein, as a new element in the complex signaling process that leads to macrophage activation. We show that RND3 expression is transiently induced in macrophages activated through Toll receptors and potentiated by IFN-γ. We also demonstrate that RND3 increases NOTCH signaling in macrophages by favoring NOTCH1 expression and its nuclear activity; however, Rnd3 expression seems to be inhibited by NOTCH signaling, setting up a negative regulatory feedback loop. Moreover, increased RND3 protein levels seem to potentiate NFκB and STAT1 transcriptional activity resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory genes, such as Tnf-α, Irf-1, or Cxcl-10. Altogether, our results indicate that RND3 seems to be a new regulatory element which could control the activation of macrophages, able to fine tune the inflammatory response through NOTCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Romero de Ávila
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Susana López-López
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
- Research Unit, University Hospital Complex of Albacete, C/Laurel s/n, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Aarón García-Blázquez
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Almudena Ruiz-García
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, School of Pharmacy/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - María Julia González-Gómez
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nueda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Branch, School of Pharmacy/CRIB/Biomedicine Unit, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, Albacete, Spain
| | - Victoriano Baladrón
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez-Roger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Health Sciences, University Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, E-46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enric Poch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Health Sciences, University Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, E-46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Begoña Ballester-Lurbe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Health Sciences, University Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, E-46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Javier García-Ramírez
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva M. Monsalve
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
| | - María José M. Díaz-Guerra
- Medical School, Biomedicine Institute (IB-UCLM)/Biomedicine Unit, University of Castilla-La Mancha/CSIC, C/Almansa 14, 02008, Albacete, Spain
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3
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Fukatsu S, Miyamoto Y, Oka Y, Ishibashi M, Shirai R, Ishida Y, Endo S, Katoh H, Yamauchi J. Investigating the Protective Effects of a Citrus Flavonoid on the Retardation Morphogenesis of the Oligodendroglia-like Cell Line by Rnd2 Knockdown. Neurol Int 2023; 16:33-61. [PMID: 38251051 PMCID: PMC10801557 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries suggest links between abnormalities in cell morphogenesis in the brain and the functional deficiency of molecules controlling signal transduction in glial cells such as oligodendroglia. Rnd2 is one such molecule and one of the Rho family monomeric GTP-binding proteins. Despite the currently known functions of Rnd2, its precise roles as it relates to cell morphogenesis and disease state remain to be elucidated. First, we showed that signaling through the loss of function of the rnd2 gene affected the regulation of oligodendroglial cell-like morphological differentiation using the FBD-102b cell line, which is often utilized as a differentiation model. The knockdown of Rnd2 using the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CasRx system or RNA interference was shown to slow morphological differentiation. Second, the knockdown of Prag1 or Fyn kinase, a signaling molecule acting downstream of Rnd2, slowed differentiation. Rnd2 or Prag1 knockdown also decreased Fyn phosphorylation, which is critical for its activation and for oligodendroglial cell differentiation and myelination. Of note, hesperetin, a citrus flavonoid with protective effects on oligodendroglial cells and neurons, can recover differentiation states induced by the knockdown of Rnd2/Prag1/Fyn. Here, we showed that signaling through Rnd2/Prag1/Fyn is involved in the regulation of oligodendroglial cell-like morphological differentiation. The effects of knocking down the signaling cascade molecule can be recovered by hesperetin, highlighting an important molecular structure involved in morphological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoya Fukatsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (S.F.); (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (S.F.); (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yu Oka
- Personal Health Care Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama 702-8006, Japan
| | - Maki Ishibashi
- Personal Health Care Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama 702-8006, Japan
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (S.F.); (Y.M.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuki Ishida
- Personal Health Care Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama 702-8006, Japan
| | - Shin Endo
- Personal Health Care Division, Hayashibara Co., Ltd., Okayama 702-8006, Japan
| | - Hironori Katoh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan;
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (S.F.); (Y.M.); (R.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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4
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Almarán B, Ramis G, Fernández de Mattos S, Villalonga P. Rnd3 Is a Crucial Mediator of the Invasive Phenotype of Glioblastoma Cells Downstream of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signalling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233716. [PMID: 36496976 PMCID: PMC9741382 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced invasiveness is one of the defining biological traits of glioblastoma cells, which exhibit an infiltrative nature that severely hinders surgical resection. Among the molecular lesions responsible for GBM aggressiveness, aberrant receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling is well-characterised. Enhanced RTK signalling directly impacts a myriad of cellular pathways and downstream effectors, which include the Rho GTPase family, key regulators of actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Here, we have analysed the functional crosstalk between oncogenic signals emanating from RTKs and Rho GTPases and focused on the specific contribution of Rnd3 to the invasive phenotype of GBM in this context. We found that RTK inhibition with a panel of RTK inhibitors decreased cell motility and cell invasion and promoted dramatic actin cytoskeleton reorganisation through activation of the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK) axis. RTK inhibition also significantly decreased Rnd3 expression levels. Consistently, shRNA-mediated Rnd3 silencing revealed that Rnd3 depletion promoted substantial changes in the actin cytoskeleton and reduced cell motility and invasion capacity, recapitulating the effects observed upon RTK inhibition. Our results indicate that Rnd3 is a crucial mediator of RTK oncogenic signalling involved in actin cytoskeletal reorganisation, which contributes to determining the invasive phenotype of GBM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Almarán
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Guillem Ramis
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Serveis Científico-Tècnics, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández de Mattos
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Priam Villalonga
- Cancer Cell Biology Laboratory, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-971-259961
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5
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Rios J, Sequeida A, Albornoz A, Budini M. Chaperone Mediated Autophagy Substrates and Components in Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614677. [PMID: 33643916 PMCID: PMC7908825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) represents a specific way of lysosomal protein degradation and contrary to macro and microautophagy is independent of vesicles formation. The role of CMA in different physiopathological processes has been studied for several years. In cancer, alterations of the CMA principal components, Hsc70 and Lamp2A protein and mRNA levels, have been described in malignant cells. However, changes in the expression levels of these CMA components are not always associated with changes in CMA activity and their biological significance must be carefully interpreted case by case. The objective of this review is to discuss whether altering the CMA activity, CMA substrates or CMA components is accurate to avoid cancer progression. In particular, this review will discuss about the evidences in which alterations CMA components Lamp2A and Hsc70 are associated or not with changes in CMA activity in different cancer types. This analysis will help to better understand the role of CMA activity in cancer and to elucidate whether CMA can be considered as target for therapeutics. Further, it will help to define whether the attention of the investigation should be focused on Lamp2A and Hsc70 because they can have an independent role in cancer progression beyond of their participation in altered CMA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Rios
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Sequeida
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amelina Albornoz
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,San Sebastian University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Budini
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry Faculty, Institute in Dentistry Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center (ARC), Santiago, Chile
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6
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Shao Z, Wang K, Zhang S, Yuan J, Liao X, Wu C, Zou Y, Ha Y, Shen Z, Guo J, Jie W. Ingenuity pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes involved in signaling pathways and molecular networks in RhoE gene‑edited cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1225-1238. [PMID: 32705255 PMCID: PMC7388835 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RhoE/Rnd3 is an atypical member of the Rho superfamily of proteins, However, the global biological function profile of this protein remains unsolved. In the present study, a RhoE‑knockout H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell line was established using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, following which differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the knockout and wild‑type cell lines were screened using whole genome expression gene chips. A total of 829 DEGs, including 417 upregulated and 412 downregulated, were identified using the threshold of fold changes ≥1.2 and P<0.05. Using the ingenuity pathways analysis system with a threshold of ‑Log (P‑value)>2, 67 canonical pathways were found to be enriched. Many of the detected signaling pathways, including that of oncostatin M signaling, were found to be associated with the inflammatory response. Subsequent disease and function analysis indicated that apart from cardiovascular disease and development function, RhoE may also be involved in other diseases and function, including organismal survival, cancer, organismal injury and abnormalities, cell‑to‑cell signaling and interaction, and molecular transport. In addition, 885 upstream regulators were enriched, including 59 molecules that were predicated to be strongly activated (Z‑score >2) and 60 molecules that were predicated to be significantly inhibited (Z‑scores <‑2). In particular, 33 regulatory effects and 25 networks were revealed to be associated with the DEGs. Among them, the most significant regulatory effects were 'adhesion of endothelial cells' and 'recruitment of myeloid cells' and the top network was 'neurological disease', 'hereditary disorder, organismal injury and abnormalities'. In conclusion, the present study successfully edited the RhoE gene in H9C2 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and subsequently analyzed the enriched DEGs along with their associated canonical signaling pathways, diseases and functions classification, upstream regulatory molecules, regulatory effects and interaction networks. The results of the present study should facilitate the discovery of the global biological and functional properties of RhoE and provide new insights into role of RhoE in human diseases, especially those in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Shao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Keke Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Shuya Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Jianling Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Caixia Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Ha
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
| | - Junli Guo
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Cardiovascular Diseases Research and Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524023, P.R. China
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7
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Garg R, Koo CY, Infante E, Giacomini C, Ridley AJ, Morris JDH. Rnd3 interacts with TAO kinases and contributes to mitotic cell rounding and spindle positioning. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs235895. [PMID: 32041905 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.235895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rnd3 is an atypical Rho family protein that is constitutively GTP bound, and acts on membranes to induce loss of actin stress fibers and cell rounding. Phosphorylation of Rnd3 promotes 14-3-3 binding and its relocation to the cytosol. Here, we show that Rnd3 binds to the thousand-and-one amino acid kinases TAOK1 and TAOK2 in vitro and in cells. TAOK1 and TAOK2 can phosphorylate serine residues 210, 218 and 240 near the C-terminus of Rnd3, and induce Rnd3 translocation from the plasma membrane to the cytosol. TAOKs are activated catalytically during mitosis and Rnd3 phosphorylation on serine 210 increases in dividing cells. Rnd3 depletion by RNAi inhibits mitotic cell rounding and spindle centralization, and delays breakdown of the intercellular bridge between two daughter cells. Our results show that TAOKs bind, phosphorylate and relocate Rnd3 to the cytosol and that Rnd3 contributes to mitotic cell rounding, spindle positioning and cytokinesis. Rnd3 can therefore participate in the regulation of early and late mitosis and may also act downstream of TAOKs to affect the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Garg
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Chuay-Yeng Koo
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Elvira Infante
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Caterina Giacomini
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jonathan D H Morris
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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8
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Jiang C, Li L, Xiang YQ, Lung ML, Zeng T, Lu J, Tsao SW, Zeng MS, Yun JP, Kwong DLW, Guan XY. Epstein-Barr Virus miRNA BART2-5p Promotes Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Suppressing RND3. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1957-1969. [PMID: 32060148 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related malignancy. Recently, we found that the EBV-encoded miRNA BART2-5p was increased in the serum of patients with preclinical nasopharyngeal carcinoma and that the copy number positively correlated with disease progression. In this study, we established its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression and explored underlying mechanisms and clinical significance. BART2-5p was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for progression-free survival and its circulating abundance positively associated with distant metastasis. Ectopic expression of BART2-5p promoted migration and invasion of EBV-negative nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, whereas genetic downregulation of BART2-5p in EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells decreased aggressiveness. Mechanistically, BART2-5p targeted RND3, a negative regulator of Rho signaling. Downregulation of RND3 phenocopied the effect of BART2-5p and reconstitution of RND3 rescued the phenotype. By suppressing RND3, BART2-5p activated Rho signaling to enhance cell motility. These findings suggest a novel role for EBV miRNA BART2-5p in promoting nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and its potential value as a prognostic indicator or therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that EBV-encoded BART2-5p miRNA suppresses expression of the RND3 Rho family GTPase, consequently promoting ROCK signaling, cell motility, and metastatic behavior of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yan-Qun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Lu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dora L W Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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9
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Dankel SN, Røst TH, Kulyté A, Fandalyuk Z, Skurk T, Hauner H, Sagen JV, Rydén M, Arner P, Mellgren G. The Rho GTPase RND3 regulates adipocyte lipolysis. Metabolism 2019; 101:153999. [PMID: 31672447 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in diet- and obesity-related insulin resistance, with implications for several metabolic diseases. Identification of novel target genes and mechanisms that regulate adipocyte function could lead to improved treatment strategies. RND3 (RhoE/Rho8), a Rho-related GTP-binding protein that inhibits Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling, has been linked to diverse diseases such as apoptotic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, cancer and type 2 diabetes, in part by regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and insulin-mediated glucose uptake. RESULTS We here investigated the expression of RND3 in adipose tissue in human obesity, and discovered a role for RND3 in regulating adipocyte metabolism. In cross-sectional and prospective studies, we observed 5-fold increased adipocyte levels of RND3 mRNA in obesity, reduced levels after surgery-induced weight loss, and positive correlations of RND3 mRNA with adipocyte size and surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR and circulating triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TAG/HDL-C) ratio). By screening for RND3-dependent gene expression following siRNA-mediated RND3 knockdown in differentiating human adipocytes, we found downregulation of inflammatory genes and upregulation of genes related to adipocyte ipolysis and insulin signaling. Treatment of adipocytes with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), hypoxia or cAMP analogs increased RND3 mRNA levels 1.5-2-fold. Functional assays in primary human adipocytes confirmed that RND3 knockdown reduces cAMP- and isoproterenol-induced lipolysis, which were mimicked by treating cells with ROCK inhibitor. This effect could partly be explained by reduced protein expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). CONCLUSION We here uncovered a novel differential expression of adipose RND3 in obesity and insulin resistance, which may at least partly depend on a causal effect of RND3 on adipocyte lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon N Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
| | - Therese H Røst
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Agné Kulyté
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2-94 Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zina Fandalyuk
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany; Else Kroener-Fresenius Centre for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Hauner
- Else Kroener-Fresenius Centre for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany; German Center of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2-94 Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, C2-94 Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway.
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10
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Nishizuka M, Komada R, Imagawa M. Knockdown of RhoE Expression Enhances TGF-β-Induced EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) in Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194697. [PMID: 31546735 PMCID: PMC6801947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer with early metastasis of the primary tumor is associated with poor prognosis and poor therapeutic outcomes. Since epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a role in acquisition of the ability to invade the pelvic lymph nodes and surrounding tissue, it is important to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying EMT in cervical cancer. RhoE, also known as Rnd3, is a member of the Rnd subfamily of Rho GTPases. While previous reports have suggested that RhoE may act as either a positive or a negative regulator of cancer metastasis and EMT, the role of RhoE during EMT in cervical cancer cells remains unclear. The present study revealed that RhoE expression was upregulated during transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated EMT in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. Furthermore, reduced RhoE expression enhanced TGF-β-mediated EMT and migration of HeLa cells. In addition, we demonstrated that RhoE knockdown elevated RhoA activity and a ROCK inhibitor partially suppressed the acceleration of TGF-β-mediated EMT by RhoE knockdown. These results indicate that RhoE suppresses TGF-β-mediated EMT, partially via RhoA/ROCK signaling in cervical cancer HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nishizuka
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8561, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Rina Komada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Imagawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
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11
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Düzen IV, Yavuz F, Vuruskan E, Saracoglu E, Poyraz F, Cekici Y, Alıcı H, Göksülük H, Candemir B, Sucu M, Demiryürek AT. Investigation of leukocyte RHO/ROCK gene expressions in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2777-2782. [PMID: 31572525 PMCID: PMC6755446 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia caused by disorganized electrical activity in the atria, and it is an important cause of mortality and morbidity. There is a limited data about Rho/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway contribute to AF development. The aim of the present study was to elucidate leukocyte RHO/ROCK gene expressions in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF). A total of 37 NVAF patients and 47 age and sex-matched controls were included in this study. mRNA was extracted from leukocytes, and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for gene expression analysis. A marked increase in ROCK1 and ROCK2 gene expressions in patients with NVAF was observed (P<0.0001). The present study detected significant elevations in RHOBTB2, RND3 (RHOE), RHOC, RHOG, RHOH, RAC3, RHOB, RHOD, RHOV, RHOBTB1, RND2, RND1 and RHOJ gene expressions (P<0.01). However, there were marked decreases in CDC42, RAC2, and RHOQ gene expressions in patients with NVAF. No significant modifications were seen in the other Rho GTPase proteins RHOA, RAC1, RHOF, RHOU and RHOBTB3. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to provide data that gene expression of leukocyte RHO/ROCK may contribute to the NVAF pathogenesis through activated leukocytes, which promotes the immune or inflammatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan V Düzen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Fethi Yavuz
- Department of Cardiology, Adana City Hospital, Adana 01060, Turkey
| | - Ertan Vuruskan
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Erhan Saracoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Fatih Poyraz
- Department of Cardiology, Defa Life Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Cekici
- Department of Cardiology, Dr Ersin Arslan Education and Research Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Hayri Alıcı
- Department of Cardiology, Hatem Hospital, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Göksülük
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06340, Turkey
| | - Basar Candemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06340, Turkey
| | - Murat Sucu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
| | - Abdullah T Demiryürek
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep 27310, Turkey
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12
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Slaymi C, Vignal E, Crès G, Roux P, Blangy A, Raynaud P, Fort P. The atypical RhoU/Wrch1 Rho GTPase controls cell proliferation and apoptosis in the gut epithelium. Biol Cell 2019; 111:121-141. [PMID: 30834544 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian gut epithelium displays among the highest rates of self-renewal, with a turnover time of less than 5 days. Renewal involves concerted proliferation at the bottom of the crypt, migration and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis and anoïkis/shedding in the luminal epithelium. Renewal is controlled by interplay between signalling pathways, among which canonical and non-canonical Wnt signals play prominent roles. Overall 92% of colon tumours show increased canonical Wnt signalling resulting from mutations, established as major driver steps towards carcinogenesis. RESULTS Here, we examined the physiological role of RhoU/Wrch1 in gut homeostasis. RhoU is an atypical Rho GTPase related to Cdc42/Rac1 and identified as a transcriptional target of non-canonical Wnt signalling. We found that RHOU expression is reduced in human colorectal tumour samples. We show that RhoU is mainly expressed in the differentiated compartment of the gut epithelium. Rhou specific invalidation in the mouse gut elicits cell hyperplasia and is associated in the colon with a highly disorganized luminal epithelium. Hyperplasia affects all cell types in the small intestine and colon and has a higher impact on goblet cells. Hyperplasia is associated with a reduction of apoptosis and an increased proliferation. RhoU knockdown in human DLD-1 colon cancer cells also elicits a higher growth index and reduces cell apoptosis. Last, loss of RhoU function in the mouse gut epithelium or in DLD-1 cells increases RhoA activity and the level of phosphorylated Myosin Light Chain-2, which may functionally link RhoU activity to apoptosis. CONCLUSION RhoU is mostly expressed in the differentiated compartment of the gut. It plays a role in homeostasis as its specific invalidation elicits hyperplasia of all cell types. This mainly results from a reduction of apoptosis, through actomyosin-dependent mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE RhoU negatively controls cell growth in the intestinal epithelium. Since its expression is sensitive to non-canonical Wnt signals and is reduced in colorectal tumours, downregulating RhoU may thus have an instrumental role in tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaker Slaymi
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Emmanuel Vignal
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Gaëlle Crès
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Pierre Roux
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Peggy Raynaud
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Philippe Fort
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 34293, Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
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13
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Piquet L, Robbe T, Neaud V, Basbous S, Rosciglione S, Saltel F, Moreau V. Rnd3/RhoE expression is regulated by G-actin through MKL1-SRF signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:227-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Tang Y, He Y, Zhang P, Wang J, Fan C, Yang L, Xiong F, Zhang S, Gong Z, Nie S, Liao Q, Li X, Li X, Li Y, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Guo C. LncRNAs regulate the cytoskeleton and related Rho/ROCK signaling in cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:77. [PMID: 29618386 PMCID: PMC5885413 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the key steps in cancer metastasis are the migration and invasion of tumor cells; these processes require rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments involved in the formation of cytoskeletal structures, such as stress fibers and pseudopodia, promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanisms underlying cytoskeletal regulation. The ras homolog family (Rho) and Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein serine/threonine kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton. Moreover, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have essential roles in tumor migration and guide gene regulation during cancer progression. LncRNAs can regulate the cytoskeleton directly or may influence the cytoskeleton via Rho/ROCK signaling during tumor migration. In this review, we focus on the regulatory association between lncRNAs and the cytoskeleton and discuss the pathways and mechanisms involved in the regulation of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jinpeng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaojian Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaolin Nie
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Can Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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15
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Wang S, Yu J, Jones JW, Pierzchalski K, Kane MA, Trainor PA, Xavier-Neto J, Moise AR. Retinoic acid signaling promotes the cytoskeletal rearrangement of embryonic epicardial cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:3765-3781. [PMID: 29447006 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701038r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
All- trans-retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, is an important signaling molecule required for the proper development of the heart. The epicardium is the main source of RA in the embryonic heart, yet the cardiogenic functions of epicardial-produced RA are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the roles of RA signaling in the embryonic epicardium using in vivo and in vitro models of excess or deficiency of RA. Our results suggested that RA signaling facilitates the cytoskeletal rearrangement required for the epicardial-to-mesenchymal transition of epicardial cells. In vivo treatment with an inhibitor of RA synthesis delayed the migration of epicardial-derived precursor cells (EPDCs) into the myocardium; the opposite was seen in the case of dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily (DHRS)3-deficient embryos, a mouse model of RA excess. Analysis of the behavior of epicardial cells exposed to RA receptor agonists or inhibitors of RA synthesis in vitro revealed that appropriate levels of RA are important in orchestrating the platelet-derived growth factor-induced loss of epithelial character, cytoskeletal remodeling, and migration, necessary for the infiltration of the myocardium by EPDCs. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which RA regulates epicardial cytoskeletal rearrangement, we used a whole transcriptome profiling approach, which in combination with pull-down and inhibition assays, demonstrated that the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) pathway is required for the morphologic changes induced by RA in epicardial cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that RA regulates the cytoskeletal rearrangement of epicardial cells via a signaling cascade that involves the RhoA pathway.-Wang, S., Yu, J., Jones, J. W., Pierzchalski, K., Kane, M. A., Trainor, P. A., Xavier-Neto, J., Moise, A. R. Retinoic acid signaling promotes the cytoskeletal rearrangement of embryonic epicardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suya Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jace W Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keely Pierzchalski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - José Xavier-Neto
- Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Alexander R Moise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.,Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Sero JE, Bakal C. Multiparametric Analysis of Cell Shape Demonstrates that β-PIX Directly Couples YAP Activation to Extracellular Matrix Adhesion. Cell Syst 2017; 4:84-96.e6. [PMID: 28065575 PMCID: PMC5289939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cellular geometry regulate the nuclear translocation of transcriptional regulators such as Yes-associated protein (YAP). Elucidating how physical signals control the activity of mechanosensitive proteins poses a technical challenge, because perturbations that affect cell shape may also affect protein localization indirectly. Here, we present an approach that mitigates confounding effects of cell-shape changes, allowing us to identify direct regulators of YAP localization. This method uses single-cell image analysis and statistical models that exploit the naturally occurring heterogeneity of cellular populations. Through systematic depletion of all human kinases, Rho family GTPases, GEFs, and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), together with targeted chemical perturbations, we found that β-PIX, a Rac1/Ccd42 GEF, and PAK2, a Rac1/Cdc42 effector, drive both YAP activation and cell-ECM adhesion turnover during cell spreading. Our observations suggest that coupling YAP to adhesion dynamics acts as a mechano-timer, allowing cells to rapidly tune gene expression in response to physical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Sero
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Chris Bakal
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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17
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Yue X, Lin X, Yang T, Yang X, Yi X, Jiang X, Li X, Li T, Guo J, Dai Y, Shi J, Wei L, Youker KA, Torre-Amione G, Yu Y, Andrade KC, Chang J. Rnd3/RhoE Modulates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling by Stabilizing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α and Regulates Responsive Cardiac Angiogenesis. Hypertension 2016; 67:597-605. [PMID: 26781283 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The insufficiency of compensatory angiogenesis in the heart of patients with hypertension contributes to heart failure transition. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF1α-VEGF) signaling cascade controls responsive angiogenesis. One of the challenges in reprograming the insufficient angiogenesis is to achieve a sustainable tissue exposure to the proangiogenic factors, such as HIF1α stabilization. In this study, we identified Rnd3, a small Rho GTPase, as a proangiogenic factor participating in the regulation of the HIF1α-VEGF signaling cascade. Rnd3 physically interacted with and stabilized HIF1α, and consequently promoted VEGFA expression and endothelial cell tube formation. To demonstrate this proangiogenic role of Rnd3 in vivo, we generated Rnd3 knockout mice. Rnd3 haploinsufficient (Rnd3(+/-)) mice were viable, yet developed dilated cardiomyopathy with heart failure after transverse aortic constriction stress. The poststress Rnd3(+/-) hearts showed significantly impaired angiogenesis and decreased HIF1α and VEGFA expression. The angiogenesis defect and heart failure phenotype were partially rescued by cobalt chloride treatment, a HIF1α stabilizer, confirming a critical role of Rnd3 in stress-responsive angiogenesis. Furthermore, we generated Rnd3 transgenic mice and demonstrated that Rnd3 overexpression in heart had a cardioprotective effect through reserved cardiac function and preserved responsive angiogenesis after pressure overload. Finally, we assessed the expression levels of Rnd3 in the human heart and detected significant downregulation of Rnd3 in patients with end-stage heart failure. We concluded that Rnd3 acted as a novel proangiogenic factor involved in cardiac responsive angiogenesis through HIF1α-VEGFA signaling promotion. Rnd3 downregulation observed in patients with heart failure may explain the insufficient compensatory angiogenesis involved in the transition to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yue
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Xi Lin
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Tingli Yang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Xiangsheng Yang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Xin Yi
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Tianfa Li
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Junli Guo
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Yuan Dai
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Jianjian Shi
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Lei Wei
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Keith A Youker
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Yanhong Yu
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Kelsey C Andrade
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.)
| | - Jiang Chang
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (X.Y., Y.Y.); Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston (X.Y., X.L., T.Y., X.Y., Y.D., K.C.A., J.C.); Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (X.Y., X.J., X.L.); Cardiovascular Disease and Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China (T.L., J.G.); Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (J.S., L.W.); and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX (K.A.Y., G.T.-A.).
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18
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Abstract
Rnd3, also known as RhoE, belongs to the Rnd subclass of the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins. Rnd proteins are unique due to their inability to switch from a GTP-bound to GDP-bound conformation. Even though studies of the biological function of Rnd3 are far from being concluded, information is available regarding its expression pattern, cellular localization, and its activity, which can be altered depending on the conditions. The compiled data from these studies implies that Rnd3 may not be a traditional small GTPase. The basic role of Rnd3 is to report as an endogenous antagonist of RhoA signaling-mediated actin cytoskeleton dynamics, which specifically contributes to cell migration and neuron polarity. In addition, Rnd3 also plays a critical role in arresting cell cycle distribution, inhibiting cell growth, and inducing apoptosis and differentiation. Increasing data have shown that aberrant Rnd3 expression may be the leading cause of some systemic diseases; particularly highlighted in apoptotic cardiomyopathy, developmental arrhythmogenesis and heart failure, hydrocephalus, as well as tumor metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. Therefore, a better understanding of the function of Rnd3 under different physiological and pathological conditions, through the use of suitable models, would provide a novel insight into the origin and treatment of multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jie
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kelsey C Andrade
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiangsheng Yang
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiang Chang
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, Texas, USA
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19
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Priya R, Gomez GA, Budnar S, Verma S, Cox HL, Hamilton NA, Yap AS. Feedback regulation through myosin II confers robustness on RhoA signalling at E-cadherin junctions. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1282-93. [PMID: 26368311 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Actomyosin at the epithelial zonula adherens (ZA) generates junctional tension for tissue integrity and morphogenesis. This requires the RhoA GTPase, which establishes a strikingly stable active zone at the ZA. Mechanisms must then exist to confer robustness on junctional RhoA signalling at the population level. We now identify a feedback network that generates a stable mesoscopic RhoA zone out of dynamic elements. The key is scaffolding of ROCK1 to the ZA by myosin II. ROCK1 protects junctional RhoA by phosphorylating Rnd3 to prevent the cortical recruitment of the Rho suppressor, p190B RhoGAP. Combining predictive modelling and experimentation, we show that this network constitutes a bistable dynamical system that is realized at the population level of the ZA. Thus, stability of the RhoA zone is an emergent consequence of the network of interactions that allow myosin II to feedback to RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Priya
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Guillermo A Gomez
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Srikanth Budnar
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suzie Verma
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hayley L Cox
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Hamilton
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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20
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Liu B, Lin X, Yang X, Dong H, Yue X, Andrade KC, Guo Z, Yang J, Wu L, Zhu X, Zhang S, Tian D, Wang J, Cai Q, Chen Q, Mao S, Chen Q, Chang J. Downregulation of RND3/RhoE in glioblastoma patients promotes tumorigenesis through augmentation of notch transcriptional complex activity. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1404-16. [PMID: 26108681 PMCID: PMC4567025 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Notch signaling contributes to glioblastoma multiform (GBM) tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanism that promotes the Notch signaling augmentation during GBM genesis remains largely unknown. Identification of new factors that regulate Notch signaling is critical for tumor treatment. The expression levels of RND3 and its clinical implication were analyzed in GBM patients. Identification of RND3 as a novel factor in GBM genesis was demonstrated in vitro by cell experiments and in vivo by a GBM xenograft model. We found that RND3 expression was significantly decreased in human glioblastoma. The levels of RND3 expression were inversely correlated with Notch activity, tumor size, and tumor cell proliferation, and positively correlated with patient survival time. We demonstrated that RND3 functioned as an endogenous repressor of the Notch transcriptional complex. RND3 physically interacted with NICD, CSL, and MAML1, the Notch transcriptional complex factors, promoted NICD ubiquitination, and facilitated the degradation of these cofactor proteins. We further revealed that RND3 facilitated the binding of NICD to FBW7, a ubiquitin ligase, and consequently enhanced NICD protein degradation. Therefore, Notch transcriptional activity was inhibited. Forced expression of RND3 repressed Notch signaling, which led to the inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in the xenograft mice in vivo. Downregulation of RND3, however, enhanced Notch signaling activity, and subsequently promoted glioma cell proliferation. Inhibition of Notch activity abolished RND3 deficiency-mediated GBM cell proliferation. We conclude that downregulation of RND3 is responsible for the enhancement of Notch activity that promotes glioblastoma genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Xiangsheng Yang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Huimin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Kelsey C Andrade
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Zhentao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Liquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Daofeng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Qiang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Qizuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Shanping Mao
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
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21
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Di Venosa G, Perotti C, Batlle A, Casas A. The role of cytoskeleton and adhesion proteins in the resistance to photodynamic therapy. Possible therapeutic interventions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:1451-64. [PMID: 25832889 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00445k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) induces changes in the cytoskeleton, the cell shape, and the adhesion properties of tumour cells. In addition, these targets have also been demonstrated to be involved in the development of PDT resistance. The reversal of PDT resistance by manipulating the cell adhesion process to substrata has been out of reach. Even though the existence of cell adhesion-mediated PDT resistance has not been reported so far, it cannot be ruled out. In addition to its impact on the apoptotic response to photodamage, the cytoskeleton alterations are thought to be associated with the processes of metastasis and invasion after PDT. In this review, we will address the impact of photodamage on the microfilament and microtubule cytoskeleton components and its regulators on PDT-treated cells as well as on cell adhesion. We will also summarise the impact of PDT on the surviving and resistant cells and their metastatic potential. Possible strategies aimed at taking advantage of the changes induced by PDT on actin, tubulin and cell adhesion proteins by targeting these molecules will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP). CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351 1er subsuelo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP1120AAF, Argentina.
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22
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Azzarelli R, Guillemot F, Pacary E. Function and regulation of Rnd proteins in cortical projection neuron migration. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:19. [PMID: 25705175 PMCID: PMC4319381 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cerebral cortex contains a high variety of neuronal subtypes that acquire precise spatial locations and form long or short-range connections to establish functional neuronal circuits. During embryonic development, cortical projection neurons are generated in the areas lining the lateral ventricles and they subsequently undergo radial migration to reach the position of their final maturation within the cortical plate. The control of the neuroblast migratory behavior and the coordination of the migration process with other neurogenic events such as cell cycle exit, differentiation and final maturation are crucial to normal brain development. Among the key regulators of cortical neuron migration, the small GTP binding proteins of the Rho family and the atypical Rnd members play important roles in integrating intracellular signaling pathways into changes in cytoskeletal dynamics and motility behavior. Here we review the role of Rnd proteins during cortical neuronal migration and we discuss both the upstream mechanisms that regulate Rnd protein activity and the downstream molecular pathways that mediate Rnd effects on cell cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Azzarelli
- Cambridge Department of Oncology, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - François Guillemot
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research London, UK
| | - Emilie Pacary
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U862, Neurocentre Magendie Bordeaux, France ; Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux, France
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23
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Yang X, Wang T, Lin X, Yue X, Wang Q, Wang G, Fu Q, Ai X, Chiang DY, Miyake CY, Wehrens XHT, Chang J. Genetic deletion of Rnd3/RhoE results in mouse heart calcium leakage through upregulation of protein kinase A signaling. Circ Res 2014; 116:e1-e10. [PMID: 25348166 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rnd3, a small Rho GTPase, is involved in the regulation of cell actin cytoskeleton dynamics, cell migration, and proliferation. The biological function of Rnd3 in the heart remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE To define the functional role of the Rnd3 gene in the animal heart and investigate the associated molecular mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS By loss-of-function approaches, we discovered that Rnd3 is involved in calcium regulation in cardiomyocytes. Rnd3-null mice died at the embryonic stage with fetal arrhythmias. The deletion of Rnd3 resulted in severe Ca(2+) leakage through destabilized ryanodine receptor type 2 Ca(2+) release channels. We further found that downregulation of Rnd3 attenuated β2-adrenergic receptor lysosomal targeting and ubiquitination, which in turn resulted in the elevation of β2-adrenergic receptor protein levels leading to the hyperactivation of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. The PKA activation destabilized ryanodine receptor type 2 channels. This irregular spontaneous Ca(2+) release can be curtailed by PKA inhibitor treatment. Increases in the PKA activity along with elevated cAMP levels were detected in Rnd3-null embryos, in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and noncardiac cell lines with Rnd3 knockdown, suggesting a general mechanism for Rnd3-mediated PKA signaling activation. β2-Adrenergic receptor blocker treatment reduced arrhythmia and improved cardiac function. CONCLUSIONS Rnd3 is a novel factor involved in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis regulation in the heart. Deficiency of the protein induces ryanodine receptor type 2 dysfunction by a mechanism that attenuates Rnd3-mediated β2-adrenergic receptor ubiquitination, which leads to the activation of PKA signaling. Increased PKA signaling in turn promotes ryanodine receptor type 2 hyperphosphorylation, which contributes to arrhythmogenesis and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangsheng Yang
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Tiannan Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xi Lin
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Guoliang Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, CA 95616
| | - Xun Ai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - David Y Chiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Christina Y Miyake
- Texas Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, and Medicine (Cardiology), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jiang Chang
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX 77030
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24
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Rnd3 haploinsufficient mice are predisposed to hemodynamic stress and develop apoptotic cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1284. [PMID: 24901055 PMCID: PMC4611712 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rho family guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) 3 (Rnd3), a member of the small Rho GTPase family, has been suggested to regulate cell actin cytoskeleton dynamics, cell migration, and apoptosis through the Rho kinase-dependent signaling pathway. The biological function of Rnd3 in the heart is unknown. The downregulation of small GTPase Rnd3 transcripts was found in patients with end-stage heart failure. The pathological significance of Rnd3 loss in the transition to heart failure remains unexplored. To investigate the functional consequence of Rnd3 downregulation and the associated molecular mechanism, we generated Rnd3+/− haploinsufficient mice to mimic the downregulation of Rnd3 observed in the failing human heart. Rnd3+/− mice were viable; however, the mice developed heart failure after pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Remarkable apoptosis, increased caspase-3 activity, and elevated Rho kinase activity were detected in the Rnd3+/− haploinsufficient animal hearts. Pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase by fasudil treatment partially improved Rnd3+/− mouse cardiac functions and attenuated myocardial apoptosis. To determine if Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 1 (ROCK1) was responsible for Rnd3 deficiency-mediated apoptotic cardiomyopathy, we established a double-knockout mouse line, the Rnd3 haploinsufficient mice with ROCK1-null background (Rnd3+/−/ROCK1−/−). Again, genetic deletion of ROCK1 partially but not completely rescued Rnd3 deficiency-mediated heart failure phenotype. These data suggest that downregulation of Rnd3 correlates with cardiac loss of function as in heart failure patients. Animals with Rnd3 haploinsufficiency are predisposed to hemodynamic stress. Hyperactivation of Rho kinase activity is responsible in part for the apoptotic cardiomyopathy development. Further investigation of ROCK1-independent mechanisms in Rnd3-mediated cardiac remodeling should be the focus for future study.
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Georgess D, Mazzorana M, Terrado J, Delprat C, Chamot C, Guasch RM, Pérez-Roger I, Jurdic P, Machuca-Gayet I. Comparative transcriptomics reveals RhoE as a novel regulator of actin dynamics in bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:380-96. [PMID: 24284899 PMCID: PMC3907278 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-step transcriptomic profiling of bone-resorbing OCs versus nonresorbing MGCs generated a list of 115 genes potentially involved in bone resorption. Of these, RhoE was investigated. Its role in podosome dynamics is central for OC migration, SZ formation, and, ultimately, bone resorption. The function of osteoclasts (OCs), multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) of the monocytic lineage, is bone resorption. To resorb bone, OCs form podosomes. These are actin-rich adhesive structures that pattern into rings that drive OC migration and into “sealing-zones” (SZs) that confine the resorption lacuna. Although changes in actin dynamics during podosome patterning have been documented, the mechanisms that regulate these changes are largely unknown. From human monocytic precursors, we differentiated MGCs that express OC degradation enzymes but are unable to resorb the mineral matrix. We demonstrated that, despite exhibiting bona fide podosomes, these cells presented dysfunctional SZs. We then performed two-step differential transcriptomic profiling of bone-resorbing OCs versus nonresorbing MGCs to generate a list of genes implicated in bone resorption. From this list of candidate genes, we investigated the role of Rho/Rnd3. Using primary RhoE-deficient OCs, we demonstrated that RhoE is indispensable for OC migration and bone resorption by maintaining fast actin turnover in podosomes. We further showed that RhoE activates podosome component cofilin by inhibiting its Rock-mediated phosphorylation. We conclude that the RhoE-Rock-cofilin pathway, by promoting podosome dynamics and patterning, is central for OC migration, SZ formation, and, ultimately, bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Georgess
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France Departamento Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain Plateau Technique Imagerie/Microscopie Facility, SFR Biosciences (UMS3444/US8), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 07, France Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, 46012 Valencia, Spain Departamento Ciencias Biomédicas-Seminario Salud, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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de Araujo RMS, Oba Y, Kuroda S, Tanaka E, Moriyama K. RhoE regulates actin cytoskeleton organization in human periodontal ligament cells under mechanical stress. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 59:187-92. [PMID: 24370190 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES RhoE and regulator of G-proteins signalling (RGS) 2 were identified as the up-regulated genes in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells under compression. RhoE belongs to the Rho GTPase family, and RGS2, a novel family of GTPase-activating proteins, turns off the G-protein signalling. Rho family proteins have recently been known to regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics in various cell types. In this study, we investigated the involvement of RhoE and RGS2 in the regulation of actin filament organization in the PDL cells under mechanical stress. METHODS Human PDL cells were cultured and subjected to a static compressive force (3.0g/cm(2)) for 48h. To observe changes in the actin cytoskeleton and the expression of RhoE and RGS2 in response to mechanical stress, immunofluorescence analysis was performed. To examine the role of RhoE and RGS2 in actin filament organization, cells were transfected with antisense S-oligonucleotides (ODNs) to RhoE and RGS2. RESULTS Compressive force caused a loss and disassembly of actin stress fibres leading to cell spreading. Immunocytochemical study revealed that RhoE and RGS2 expressions were induced by mechanical stress and localized in the perinuclear and in the cell membrane, respectively. The impaired formation of stress fibres caused by compressive forces was recovered by treatment with antisense S-ODN to RhoE to the control levels. However, addition of antisense S-ODN to RGS2 did not affect the stress fibre formation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the loss and disassembly of stress fibres due to mechanical stress are mediating RhoE signalling, without the exertion of RGS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mauricio Santos de Araujo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuo Oba
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Shingo Kuroda
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Keiji Moriyama
- Department of Maxillofacial Orthognathics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan
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Chang L, Guo F, Wang Y, Lv Y, Huo B, Wang L, Liu W. MicroRNA-200c regulates the sensitivity of chemotherapy of gastric cancer SGC7901/DDP cells by directly targeting RhoE. Pathol Oncol Res 2013; 20:93-8. [PMID: 23821457 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-013-9664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a worldwide burden as the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Drug resistance of chemotherapy looms as a major clinical obstacle to successful treatment. Recent evidence indicated that miRNA-200c can restore the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin and cetuximab. The expression of miRNA-200c and RhoE were investigated in gastric cancer tissues and cells (SGC7901 and SGC7901/DDP) by qRT-PCR. A luciferase reporter assay was done to understand the potential correlation between miRNA-200c and RhoE. Pre-miR-200c was transfected in SGC7901/DDP cells to confirm whether miRNA-200c could regulate RhoE expression. RhoE was knocked down to explore the role of RhoE on sensitivity of chemotherapy in gastric cancer by MTT. Western blot analysis was performed to further explore the mechanism of RhoE in regulating drug resistance. The results showed that miRNA-200c was significantly lower in cancerous tissues than those in the paired normal tissues, whereas the expression of RhoE was just the opposite. The significant difference of miRNA-200c and RhoE were observed between SGC7901 cells and SGC7901/DDP cells. miRNA-200c has target sites in the 3'-UTR of RhoE mRNA by luciferase reporter assay. Transfection of pre-miR-200c reduces RhoE expression. Meanwhile, the knockdown of RhoE enhanced the sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP cells and changed expression of some genes. These suggested that miRNA-200c regulated the sensitivity of chemotherapy to cisplatin (DDP) in gastric cancer by possibly targeting RhoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Lesiak A, Pelz C, Ando H, Zhu M, Davare M, Lambert TJ, Hansen KF, Obrietan K, Appleyard SM, Impey S, Wayman GA. A genome-wide screen of CREB occupancy identifies the RhoA inhibitors Par6C and Rnd3 as regulators of BDNF-induced synaptogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64658. [PMID: 23762244 PMCID: PMC3675129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophin-regulated gene expression is believed to play a key role in long-term changes in synaptic structure and the formation of dendritic spines. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to induce increases in dendritic spine formation, and this process is thought to function in part by stimulating CREB-dependent transcriptional changes. To identify CREB-regulated genes linked to BDNF-induced synaptogenesis, we profiled transcriptional occupancy of CREB in hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, de novo motif analysis of hippocampal ChIP-Seq data identified a non-canonical CRE motif (TGGCG) that was enriched at CREB target regions and conferred CREB-responsiveness. Because cytoskeletal remodeling is an essential element of the formation of dendritic spines, within our screens we focused our attention on genes previously identified as inhibitors of RhoA GTPase. Bioinformatic analyses identified dozens of candidate CREB target genes known to regulate synaptic architecture and function. We showed that two of these, the RhoA inhibitors Par6C (Pard6A) and Rnd3 (RhoE), are BDNF-induced CREB-regulated genes. Interestingly, CREB occupied a cluster of non-canonical CRE motifs in the Rnd3 promoter region. Lastly, we show that BDNF-stimulated synaptogenesis requires the expression of Par6C and Rnd3, and that overexpression of either protein is sufficient to increase synaptogenesis. Thus, we propose that BDNF can regulate formation of functional synapses by increasing the expression of the RhoA inhibitors, Par6C and Rnd3. This study shows that genome-wide analyses of CREB target genes can facilitate the discovery of new regulators of synaptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lesiak
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Carl Pelz
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hideaki Ando
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mingyan Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Monika Davare
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Talley J. Lambert
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Katelin F. Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Karl Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. Appleyard
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Soren Impey
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAW); (SI)
| | - Gary A. Wayman
- Department of Veterinary and Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAW); (SI)
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Zhao H, Yang J, Fan T, Li S, Ren X. RhoE functions as a tumor suppressor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and modulates the PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1363-74. [PMID: 22477709 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that RhoE as novel member of the Rho GTPases family plays an essential role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of human various tumors, but the functional significance of RhoE in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unclear. In the current study, RhoE expression in ESCC tissues and cells was examined, and the biological functions of RhoE in ESCC cells were determined. The results revealed that RhoE expression at mRNA and protein levels was significantly downregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines (P < 0.05). RhoE expression was tightly associated with differentiation degree, clinical staging, and lymph node metastasis of the patients with ESCC (P < 0.05), but no significant correlations were found between RhoE expression and gender or age of the patients with ESCC (P > 0.05). Additionally, we found that downregulation of RhoE expression in ESCC cells promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, as well as cell invasion in vitro, and inhibited cell apoptosis. Conversely, upregulation of RhoE expression in ESCC cells inhibited cell proliferation, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, reduced cell invasion, and promoted cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the downregulation of RhoE expression significantly reduced PTEN level and enhanced pAkt level; however, elevation of RhoE expression markedly increased PTEN level and decreased pAkt level. Stepwise investigations demonstrated that overexpression of RhoE in ESCC cells increased the expressions of p27 and bax proteins but decreased the expressions of cyclin D1 and bcl-2 proteins. These data demonstrate that RhoE may play a driving role in the development and progression of ESCC, and targeting the RhoE may be an effective and feasible approach for treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475000, People's Republic China
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Larijani MR, Seifinejad A, Pournasr B, Hajihoseini V, Hassani SN, Totonchi M, Yousefi M, Shamsi F, Salekdeh GH, Baharvand H. Long-Term Maintenance of Undifferentiated Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Suspension. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1911-23. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rezaei Larijani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Seifinejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behshad Pournasr
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Hajihoseini
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seydeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Yousefi
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shamsi
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Systems Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, The Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
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Govek EE, Hatten ME, Van Aelst L. The role of Rho GTPase proteins in CNS neuronal migration. Dev Neurobiol 2011; 71:528-53. [PMID: 21557504 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The architectonics of the mammalian brain arise from a remarkable range of directed cell migrations, which orchestrate the emergence of cortical neuronal layers and pattern brain circuitry. At different stages of cortical histogenesis, specific modes of cell motility are essential to the stepwise formation of cortical architecture. These movements range from interkinetic nuclear movements in the ventricular zone, to migrations of early-born, postmitotic polymorphic cells into the preplate, to the radial migration of precursors of cortical output neurons across the thickening cortical wall, and the vast, tangential migrations of interneurons from the basal forebrain into the emerging cortical layers. In all cases, actomyosin motors act in concert with cell adhesion receptor systems to provide the force and traction needed for forward movement. As key regulators of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons, cell polarity, and adhesion, the Rho GTPases play critical roles in CNS neuronal migration. This review will focus on the different types of migration in the developing neocortex and cerebellar cortex, and the role of the Rho GTPases, their regulators and effectors in these CNS migrations, with particular emphasis on their involvement in radial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, NY 10065, USA
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Bell CH, Aricescu AR, Jones EY, Siebold C. A dual binding mode for RhoGTPases in plexin signalling. PLoS Biol 2011; 9:e1001134. [PMID: 21912513 PMCID: PMC3166162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel binding site for RhoGTPases on the intracellular region of plexins induces a trimeric ligand—receptor arrangement that appears crucial for plexin function. Plexins are cell surface receptors for the semaphorin family of cell guidance cues. The cytoplasmic region comprises a Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain and a RhoGTPase binding domain. Concomitant binding of extracellular semaphorin and intracellular RhoGTPase triggers GAP activity and signal transduction. The mechanism of this intricate regulation remains elusive. We present two crystal structures of the human Plexin-B1 cytoplasmic region in complex with a constitutively active RhoGTPase, Rac1. The structure of truncated Plexin-B1-Rac1 complex provides no mechanism for coupling RhoGTPase and Ras binding sites. On inclusion of the juxtamembrane helix, a trimeric structure of Plexin-B1-Rac1 complexes is stabilised by a second, novel, RhoGTPase binding site adjacent to the Ras site. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with cellular and biophysical assays demonstrate that this new binding site is essential for signalling. Our findings are consistent with a model in which extracellular and intracellular plexin clustering events combine into a single signalling output. Axon guidance is fundamental to the development of the central nervous system. The growing axon is guided to its correct location by a plethora of extracellular signals. One of the most important extracellular signals is semaphorin, which binds to plexin receptors on the axon. Usually, this kind of extracellular ligand binding is sufficient to transmit the extracellular signal to the intracellular space to trigger changes in the cell, like axon growth. However, activation of plexin receptors requires a “dual” ligand binding: semaphorin on the extracellular side, and a RhoGTPase on the intracellular side. Signal transduction can only occur if both ligands are present. How this intricate regulation mechanism is organized and how concomitant ligand binding can be integrated into a single signalling output within the cell has remained largely unclear. Here, we present crystal structures of one plexin receptor, Plexin-B1, in complex with an intracellular RhoGTPase ligand (Rac1) and show that binding of Rac1 brings together three Plexin-B1 molecules. In this trimeric arrangement each plexin molecule interacts with two Rac1 ligand molecules. This leads to a previously unidentified plexin-Rac1 ligand interface that is crucial for its function. Further biophysical and cellular analysis in combination with previous findings on the extracellular plexin-semaphorin complex allow us to propose a model for how ligand-induced clustering events on the extra- as well as intracellular side are combined to trigger signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. Bell
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A. Radu Aricescu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E. Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EYJ); (CS)
| | - Christian Siebold
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EYJ); (CS)
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Pacary E, Heng J, Azzarelli R, Riou P, Castro D, Lebel-Potter M, Parras C, Bell DM, Ridley AJ, Parsons M, Guillemot F. Proneural transcription factors regulate different steps of cortical neuron migration through Rnd-mediated inhibition of RhoA signaling. Neuron 2011; 69:1069-84. [PMID: 21435554 PMCID: PMC3383999 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Little is known of the intracellular machinery that controls the motility of newborn neurons. We have previously shown that the proneural protein Neurog2 promotes the migration of nascent cortical neurons by inducing the expression of the atypical Rho GTPase Rnd2. Here, we show that another proneural factor, Ascl1, promotes neuronal migration in the cortex through direct regulation of a second Rnd family member, Rnd3. Both Rnd2 and Rnd3 promote neuronal migration by inhibiting RhoA signaling, but they control distinct steps of the migratory process, multipolar to bipolar transition in the intermediate zone and locomotion in the cortical plate, respectively. Interestingly, these divergent functions directly result from the distinct subcellular distributions of the two Rnd proteins. Because Rnd proteins also regulate progenitor divisions and neurite outgrowth, we propose that proneural factors, through spatiotemporal regulation of Rnd proteins, integrate the process of neuronal migration with other events in the neurogenic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Pacary
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK
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Chun KH, Choi KD, Lee DH, Jung Y, Henry RR, Ciaraldi TP, Kim YB. In vivo activation of ROCK1 by insulin is impaired in skeletal muscle of humans with type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E536-42. [PMID: 21189360 PMCID: PMC3064006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00538.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether serine/threonine ROCK1 is activated by insulin in vivo in humans and whether impaired activation of ROCK1 could play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, we measured the activity of ROCK1 and the protein content of the Rho family in vastus lateralis muscle of lean, obese nondiabetic, and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Biopsies were taken after an overnight fast and after a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Insulin-stimulated GDR was reduced 38% in obese nondiabetic subjects compared with lean, 62% in obese diabetic subjects compared with lean, and 39% in obese diabetic compared with obese nondiabetic subjects (all comparisons P < 0.001). Insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is impaired 41-48% in diabetic subjects compared with lean or obese subjects. Basal activity of ROCK1 was similar in all groups. Insulin increased ROCK1 activity 2.1-fold in lean and 1.7-fold in obese nondiabetic subjects in muscle. However, ROCK1 activity did not increase in response to insulin in muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects without change in ROCK1 protein levels. Importantly, insulin-stimulated ROCK1 activity was positively correlated with insulin-mediated GDR in lean subjects (P < 0.01) but not in obese or type 2 diabetic subjects. Moreover, RhoE GTPase that inhibits the catalytic activity of ROCK1 by binding to the kinase domain of the enzyme is notably increased in obese type 2 diabetic subjects, accounting for defective ROCK1 activity. Thus, these data suggest that ROCK1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of resistance to insulin action on glucose disposal in muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02216, USA
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Hidalgo-Carcedo C, Hooper S, Chaudhry SI, Williamson P, Harrington K, Leitinger B, Sahai E. Collective cell migration requires suppression of actomyosin at cell-cell contacts mediated by DDR1 and the cell polarity regulators Par3 and Par6. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 13:49-58. [PMID: 21170030 PMCID: PMC3018349 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration occurs in a range of contexts: cancer cells frequently invade in cohorts while retaining cell-cell junctions. Here we show that collective cancer cell invasion depends on reducing actomyosin contractility at sites of cell-cell contact. When actomyosin is not down-regulated at cell-cell contacts migrating cells lose cohesion. We provide a novel molecular mechanism for this down-regulation. Depletion of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) blocks collective cancer cell invasion in a range of 2D, 3D and ‘organotypic’ models. DDR1 co-ordinates the Par3/6 cell polarity complex through its C-terminus binding PDZ domains in Par3 and Par6. The DDR1/Par3/6 complex controls the localisation of RhoE to cell-cell contacts where it antagonizes ROCK-driven actomyosin contractility. Depletion of DDR1, Par3, Par6 or RhoE leads to increased actomyosin at cell-cell contacts, a loss of cell-cell cohesion and defective collective cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hidalgo-Carcedo
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
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Regulation of the postsynaptic cytoskeleton: roles in development, plasticity, and disorders. J Neurosci 2010; 30:14937-42. [PMID: 21068295 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4276-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The small size of dendritic spines belies the elaborate role they play in excitatory synaptic transmission and ultimately complex behaviors. The cytoskeletal architecture of the spine is predominately composed of actin filaments. These filaments, which at first glance might appear simple, are also surprisingly complex. They dynamically assemble into different structures and serve as a platform for orchestrating the elaborate responses of the spine during experience-dependent plasticity. This mini-symposium review will feature ongoing research into how spines are regulated by actin-signaling pathways during development and plasticity. It will also highlight evolving studies into how disruptions to these pathways might be functionally coupled to congenital disorders such as mental retardation.
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Reduced expression of the ROCK inhibitor Rnd3 is associated with increased invasiveness and metastatic potential in mesenchymal tumor cells. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14154. [PMID: 21209796 PMCID: PMC3014295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal and amoeboid movements are two important mechanisms adopted by cancer cells to invade the surrounding environment. Mesenchymal movement depends on extracellular matrix protease activity, amoeboid movement on the RhoA-dependent kinase ROCK. Cancer cells can switch from one mechanism to the other in response to different stimuli, limiting the efficacy of antimetastatic therapies. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the acquisition and molecular regulation of the invasion capacity of neoplastically transformed human fibroblasts, which were able to induce sarcomas and metastases when injected into immunocompromised mice. We found that neoplastic transformation was associated with a change in cell morphology (from fibroblastic to polygonal), a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, a decrease in the expression of several matrix metalloproteases and increases in cell motility and invasiveness. In a three-dimensional environment, sarcomagenic cells showed a spherical morphology with cortical actin rings, suggesting a switch from mesenchymal to amoeboid movement. Accordingly, cell invasion decreased after treatment with the ROCK inhibitor Y27632, but not with the matrix protease inhibitor Ro 28-2653. The increased invasiveness of tumorigenic cells was associated with reduced expression of Rnd3 (also known as RhoE), a cellular inhibitor of ROCK. Indeed, ectopic Rnd3 expression reduced their invasive ability in vitro and their metastatic potential in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that, during neoplastic transformation, cells of mesenchymal origin can switch from a mesenchymal mode of movement to an amoeboid one. In addition, they point to Rnd3 as a possible regulator of mesenchymal tumor cell invasion and to ROCK as a potential therapeutic target for sarcomas.
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Harris GS, Lust RM, Katwa LC, Wingard CJ. Urotensin II alters vascular reactivity in animals subjected to volume overload. Peptides 2010; 31:2075-82. [PMID: 20723572 PMCID: PMC2953595 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) alters vascular reactivity and up regulates in urotensin II (UTII), a potent vasoactive peptide. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between CHF and UTII in altering vascular reactivity in a rat model of volume overload heart failure. Animals were divided into 4 groups: control, UTII infused (UTII), volume overload only (VO) or volume overload+UTII (VO+UTII). Volume overload was established by the formation of an aortocaval fistula. Following fistula formation animals were administered UTII at a rate of 300 pmol/kg/h for 4 weeks subcutaneously with mini-osmotic pumps. Thoracic aorta rings, with/without endothelium, were subjected to cumulative dose-responses to phenylephrine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), acetylcholine (ACH), UTII, and the Rho-kinase inhibitor HA-1077. Aortas from VO animals exhibited increased sensitivity to phenylephrine and UTII with a decreased relaxation response to ACH and HA-1077. Aortas from animals subjected to chronic UTII with volume overload (VO + UTII) retained their sensitivity to phenylephrine and UTII while they improved their relaxation to HA-1077 but not ACH. The constrictive response to UTII was dose-dependent and augmented at concentrations <0.01 μM in VO animals. The changes in vascular reactivity paralleled an elevation of both the UTII and α(1A)-adrenergic receptor while the Rho and Rho-kinase signalling proteins were diminished. We found that volume overload increased sensitivity to the vasoconstrictor agents that was inversely related to changes in the Rho-kinase expression. The addition of UTII with VO reversed the constrictive vascular response through alterations in the Rho-kinase signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Harris
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, 600 Moye Blvd Brody Building 6N98, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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Riou P, Villalonga P, Ridley AJ. Rnd proteins: Multifunctional regulators of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle progression. Bioessays 2010; 32:986-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Xia W, Li J, Chen L, Huang B, Li S, Yang G, Ding H, Wang F, Liu N, Zhao Q, Fang T, Song T, Wang T, Shao N. MicroRNA-200b regulates cyclin D1 expression and promotes S-phase entry by targeting RND3 in HeLa cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 344:261-6. [PMID: 20683643 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding small RNAs that inhibit gene expression post-transcriptionally. By regulating their target genes, miRNAs play important roles in tumor generation and development. Recently, the mir-200 family was revealed to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which is viewed as an essential step in early tumor metastasis. Here, we used luciferase assays to demonstrate that mir-200b interacts with predicted target sites in the 3' untranslated region of RND3. In HeLa cells, mir-200b directly reduced the expression of RND3 at the mRNA and protein levels, which thereby promoted expression of the downstream protein cyclin D1 and increased S-phase entry. In conclusion, our study demonstrates a novel role for mir-200b in cell cycle progression and identifies RND3 as a novel mir-200b target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Villalonga P, Fernández de Mattos S, Ridley AJ. RhoE inhibits 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and eIF4E function impairing cap-dependent translation. J Biol Chem 2010; 284:35287-96. [PMID: 19850923 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.050120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase family member RhoE inhibits RhoA/ROCK signaling to promote actin stress fiber and focal adhesion disassembly. We have previously reported that RhoE also inhibits cell cycle progression and Ras-induced transformation, specifically preventing cyclin D1 translation. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying those observations. RhoE inhibits the phosphorylation of the translational repressor 4E-BP1 in response to extracellular stimuli. However, RhoE does not affect the activation of mTOR, the major kinase regulating 4E-BP1 phosphorylation, as indicated by the phosphorylation levels of the mTOR substrate S6K, the dynamics of mTOR/Raptor association, and the observation that RhoE, as opposed to rapamycin, does not impair cellular growth. Interestingly, RhoE prevents the release of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E from 4E-BP1, inhibiting cap-dependent translation. Accordingly, RhoE also inhibits the expression and the transcriptional activity of the eIF4E target c-Myc. Consistent with its crucial role in cell proliferation, we show that eIF4E can rescue both cell cycle progression and Ras-induced transformation in RhoE-expressing cells, indicating that the inhibition of eIF4E function is critical to mediate the anti-proliferative effects of RhoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priam Villalonga
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London, W1W7BS London, United Kingdom.
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Talens-Visconti R, Peris B, Guerri C, Guasch RM. RhoE stimulates neurite-like outgrowth in PC12 cells through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK-I signalling. J Neurochem 2009; 112:1074-87. [PMID: 19968760 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurite formation involves coordinated changes between the actin cytoskeleton and the microtubule network. Rho GTPases are clearly implicated in several aspects of neuronal development and function. Indeed, RhoA is a negative regulator of neurite outgrowth and its effector Rho-kinase mediates the Rho-driven neurite retraction. Considering that RhoE/round protein (Rnd3) acts antagonistically to RhoA and it is also able to bind and inhibit rho kinase-I (p160ROCK) - ROCK-I, it is tempting to speculate a role of RhoE in neurite formation. We show for the first time that, in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), RhoE induces neurite-like outgrowth. Our results demonstrate that over-expression of RhoE decreases the activity of RhoA and reduces the expression of both ROCK-I and the phosphorylated myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCPp). Conversely, over-expression of either active RhoA or ROCK-I abolishes the RhoE-promoted neurite outgrowth, suggesting that RhoE induces neurite-like formation through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK-I signalling. We also show that Rac and Cdc42 have a role in RhoE-induced neurite outgrowth. Finally, the present data further indicate that RhoE may be involved in the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, as depletion of RhoE by siRNA reduces the neurite formation induced by NGF. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism implicated in neuronal development and may provide novel therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Talens-Visconti
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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RhoE is spatiotemporally regulated in the postnatal mouse CNS. Neuroscience 2009; 163:586-93. [PMID: 19589369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rnd proteins are a family of small GTPases that have been involved in axon path finding and CNS development by their control of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Rnd proteins are constitutively activated and, subsequently, their functions determined by their localization and expression levels. In this work we have analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry the levels and localization of Rnd3/RhoE during mouse postnatal development. CNS was found to be the main tissue for RhoE protein expression, which was detected in all regions of the adult brain and spinal cord, with the highest levels in the olfactory bulb and cortex. RhoE protein levels were considerably higher in all the regions of the CNS the first 2-3 weeks of postnatal development, undergoing later a decrease that led to low levels in the adult. Immunohistochemical detection of RhoE at postnatal day 21 showed an intense and widespread labelling throughout the CNS. RhoE immunoreactivity was detected in the granular and mitral cells and anterior olfactory nuclei of the olfactory bulb and in all cerebral layers. In the striatum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, pons, medulla oblongata and spinal cord, RhoE was widely distributed with higher intensity in the motoneurones and in some brainstem nuclei such as the red nucleus or the reticulotegmental nucleus. The pyramidal cells of CA1-3 and the polymorph layer, but not the granular cells of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus were strongly labelled. At earlier stages the labelling was nearly similar; however, a prominent labelling was detected in the cells of the rostral migratory stream and in the external granule cells of the cerebellum. Our results suggest that RhoE can play important roles in the postnatal development and maturation of the CNS, especially in the migratory processes affecting the neurones.
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Pereira JA, Benninger Y, Baumann R, Gonçalves AF, Ozçelik M, Thurnherr T, Tricaud N, Meijer D, Fässler R, Suter U, Relvas JB. Integrin-linked kinase is required for radial sorting of axons and Schwann cell remyelination in the peripheral nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 185:147-61. [PMID: 19349584 PMCID: PMC2700520 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200809008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During development, Schwann cells (SCs) interpret different extracellular cues to regulate their migration, proliferation, and the remarkable morphological changes associated with the sorting, ensheathment, and myelination of axons. Although interactions between extracellular matrix proteins and integrins are critical to some of these processes, the downstream signaling pathways they control are still poorly understood. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a focal adhesion protein that associates with multiple binding partners to link integrins to the actin cytoskeleton and is thought to participate in integrin and growth factor–mediated signaling. Using SC-specific gene ablation, we report essential functions for ILK in radial sorting of axon bundles and in remyelination in the peripheral nervous system. Our in vivo and in vitro experiments show that ILK negatively regulates Rho/Rho kinase signaling to promote SC process extension and to initiate radial sorting. ILK also facilitates axon remyelination, likely by promoting the activation of downstream molecules such as AKT/protein kinase B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Pereira
- Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ionin B, Hammamieh R, Shupp JW, Das R, Pontzer CH, Jett M. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B causes differential expression of Rnd3 and RhoA in renal proximal tubule epithelial cells while inducing actin stress fiber assembly and apoptosis. Microb Pathog 2008; 45:303-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2008.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy targets dividing tumor cells and might support antitumor immunity by providing tumor antigens from dying tumor cells to antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs). Despite emerging evidence to suggest that phagocytosis of dying tumor cells by DCs requires membrane targeting of specific small Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), nothing is known with regard to the direct effect of chemotherapeutic agents on low molecular weight Rho GTPases in DCs. Prompted by a recent observation that low-dose chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel could up-regulate DC maturation and function, here we studied putative regulatory roles for various chemotherapeutic agents in modulating small Rho GTPases in DC. Our results demonstrate that different classes of chemotherapeutic drugs at low nontoxic concentrations regulate activity of Rac, RhoA, and RhoE in murine DC, suggesting that small Rho GTPases might serve as new targets for modulating functional activity of DC vaccines or endogenous DCs in various immunotherapeutic or chemoimmunotherapeutic strategies.
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Komander D, Garg R, Wan PTC, Ridley AJ, Barford D. Mechanism of multi-site phosphorylation from a ROCK-I:RhoE complex structure. EMBO J 2008; 27:3175-85. [PMID: 18946488 PMCID: PMC2579254 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ROCK-I serine/threonine protein kinase mediates the effects of RhoA to promote the formation of actin stress fibres and integrin-based focal adhesions. ROCK-I phosphorylates the unconventional G-protein RhoE on multiple N- and C-terminal sites. These phosphorylation events stabilise RhoE, which functions to antagonise RhoA-induced stress fibre assembly. Here, we provide a molecular explanation for multi-site phosphorylation of RhoE from the crystal structure of RhoE in complex with the ROCK-I kinase domain. RhoE interacts with the C-lobe alphaG helix of ROCK-I by means of a novel binding site remote from its effector region, positioning its N and C termini proximal to the ROCK-I catalytic site. Disruption of the ROCK-I:RhoE interface abolishes RhoE phosphorylation, but has no effect on the ability of RhoE to disassemble stress fibres. In contrast, mutation of the RhoE effector region attenuates RhoE-mediated disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, indicating that RhoE exerts its inhibitory effects on ROCK-I through protein(s) binding to its effector region. We propose that ROCK-I phosphorylation of RhoE forms part of a feedback loop to regulate RhoA signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Komander
- Section of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK
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Sequeira L, Dubyk CW, Riesenberger TA, Cooper CR, van Golen KL. Rho GTPases in PC-3 prostate cancer cell morphology, invasion and tumor cell diapedesis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2008; 25:569-79. [PMID: 18461284 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-008-9173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rho GTPases comprise one of the eight subfamilies of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTP-binding proteins and are involved in cytoskeletal organization. Previously, using a dominant negative construct, we demonstrated a role for RhoC GTPase in conferring invasive capabilities to PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Further, we demonstrated that inactivation of RhoC led to morphological changes commensurate with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and was accompanied by increased random, linear motility and decreased directed migration and invasion. EMT was related positively to sustained expression and activity of Rac GTPase. In the current study we analyze the individual roles of RhoA, RhoC and Rac1 GTPases in PC-3 cell directed migration, invasion and tumor cell diapedesis across a human bone marrow endothelial cell layer in vitro. RESULTS Use of specific shRNA directed against RhoA, RhoC or Rac1 GTPases demonstrated a role for each protein in maintaining cell morphology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RhoC expression and activation is required for directed migration and invasion, while Rac1 expression and activation is required for tumor cell diapedesis. Inhibition of RhoA expression produced a slight increase in invasion and tumor cell diapedesis. CONCLUSIONS Individual Rho GTPases are required for critical aspects of migration, invasion and tumor cell diapedesis. These data suggest that coordinated activation of individual Rho proteins is required for cells to successfully complete the extravasation process; a key step in distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sequeira
- The Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Physiology, The University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Engelse MA, Laurens N, Verloop RE, Koolwijk P, van Hinsbergh VWM. Differential gene expression analysis of tubule forming and non-tubule forming endothelial cells: CDC42GAP as a counter-regulator in tubule formation. Angiogenesis 2007; 11:153-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-007-9086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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