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Iqbal NT, Ahmed K, Sattar T, Aziz F, Hussain R. BCG activation of trained immunity is associated with induction of cross reactive COVID-19 antibodies in a BCG vaccinated population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302722. [PMID: 38722827 PMCID: PMC11081370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pakistan is endemic to a diverse set of parasitic, mycobacterial and viral diseases. The recognition of BCG Trained Immunity (TI) led us to postulate that the continued presence of BCG-TI may play a protective role, previously reported for both infectious and noninfectious conditions. Most of the previous studies have addressed the issue of BCG-TI in the paediatric populations. This study addressed the key issue of maintenance of BCG-TI in a wider age range (adolescent and adults) to identify the strength and quality of the immune responses. OBJECTIVE To assess the BCG-induced recall responses in healthy individuals by cytokines secreted from the TI network and its potential role in providing cross-protection against COVID-19 and other viral infections. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, healthy young adults and adolescents (n = 20) were recruited from 16-40 years of age, with no prior history of TB treatment, autoimmune, or chronic inflammatory condition. METHODS BCG-induced cytokine responses were assessed using prototypic markers for cells of the TI network [macrophages [M1 (TNFα, IFNγ), M2 (IL10)], NK (IL2), Gamma delta (γδ) T (IL17, IL4)] and SARS CoV2 IgG antibodies against RBD using short-term (12 hrs.) cultures assay. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in the magnitude of recall responses to BCG with macrophage cytokines showing the highest mean levels of TNFα (9148 pg/ml) followed by IL10 (488 pg/ml) and IFNγ (355 pg/ml). The ratio of unstimulated vs.BCG-stimulated cytokines was 132 fold higher for TNFα, 40 fold fo r IL10, and 27 fold for IFNγ. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were also detected in unstimulated plasma which showed cross reactivity with BCG. CONCLUSION The presence of cross reactive antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and the relative ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by activated TI cellular network may play a pivotal role in protection in the early stages of infection as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic in the younger age groups resulting in lower morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kumail Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tehniat Sattar
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Hussain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Heat shock response during the resolution of inflammation and its progressive suppression in chronic-degenerative inflammatory diseases. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:116-142. [PMID: 38244765 PMCID: PMC10939074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a crucial biochemical pathway that orchestrates the resolution of inflammation, primarily under proteotoxic stress conditions. This process hinges on the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other chaperones, notably the 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins, under the command of the heat shock transcription factor-1. However, in the context of chronic degenerative disorders characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation (such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular diseases) a gradual suppression of the HSR does occur. This work delves into the mechanisms behind this phenomenon. It explores how the Western diet and sedentary lifestyle, culminating in the endoplasmic reticulum stress within adipose tissue cells, trigger a cascade of events. This cascade includes the unfolded protein response and activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome, leading to the emergence of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and the propagation of inflammation throughout the body. Notably, the activation of the NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein-3 inflammasome not only fuels inflammation but also sabotages the HSR by degrading human antigen R, a crucial mRNA-binding protein responsible for maintaining heat shock transcription factor-1 mRNA expression and stability on heat shock gene promoters. This paper underscores the imperative need to comprehend how chronic inflammation stifles the HSR and the clinical significance of evaluating the HSR using cost-effective and accessible tools. Such understanding is pivotal in the development of innovative strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of these chronic inflammatory ailments, which continue to take a heavy toll on global health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. The dance of proteostasis and metabolism: Unveiling the caloristatic controlling switch. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:175-200. [PMID: 38331164 PMCID: PMC10939077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved mechanism designed to restore cellular homeostasis following proteotoxic challenges. However, it has become increasingly evident that disruptions in energy metabolism also trigger the HSR. This interplay between proteostasis and energy regulation is rooted in the fundamental need for ATP to fuel protein synthesis and repair, making the HSR an essential component of cellular energy management. Recent findings suggest that the origins of proteostasis-defending systems can be traced back over 3.6 billion years, aligning with the emergence of sugar kinases that optimized glycolysis around 3.594 billion years ago. This evolutionary connection is underscored by the spatial similarities between the nucleotide-binding domain of HSP70, the key player in protein chaperone machinery, and hexokinases. The HSR serves as a hub that integrates energy metabolism and resolution of inflammation, further highlighting its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Notably, 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase emerges as a central regulator, promoting the HSR during predominantly proteotoxic stress while suppressing it in response to predominantly metabolic stress. The complex relationship between 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the HSR is finely tuned, with paradoxical effects observed under different stress conditions. This delicate equilibrium, known as caloristasis, ensures that cellular homeostasis is maintained despite shifting environmental and intracellular conditions. Understanding the caloristatic controlling switch at the heart of this interplay is crucial. It offers insights into a wide range of conditions, including glycemic control, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, reproductive abnormalities, and the optimization of exercise routines. These findings highlight the profound interconnectedness of proteostasis and energy metabolism in cellular function and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel) Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Li Y, Yu Y, Li Y, Wang H, Li Q. Molecular evolution of the heat shock protein family and the role of HSP30 in immune response and wound healing in lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109323. [PMID: 38147915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that ubiquitously exist in various organisms and play essential roles in protein folding, transport, and expression. While most HSPs are highly conserved across species, a few HSPs are evolutionarily distinct in some species and may have unique functions. To explore the evolutionary history of the vertebrate HSP family, we identify members of the HSP family at the genome-wide level in lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri), a living representative of jawless vertebrates diverged from jawed vertebrates over 500 million years ago. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that the lamprey HSP family contains HSP90a1, HSP90a2, HSC70, HSP60, HSP30, HSP27, HSP17, and HSP10, which have a primitive status in the molecular evolution of vertebrate HSPs. Transcriptome analysis reveals the expression distribution of members of the HSP family in various tissues of lampreys. It is shown that HSP30, normally found in birds, amphibians, and fish, is also present in lampreys, with remarkable expansion of HSP30 gene copies in the lamprey genome. The transcription of HSP30 is significantly induced in leukocytes and heart of lampreys during various pathogens or poly(I:C) stimulation, indicating that HSP30 may be involved in the immune defense of lampreys in response to bacterial or viral infection. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates significantly increased HSP30 expression in subcutaneous muscle tissue after skin injury in lamprey models of wound repair. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis shows that ectopic expression of HSP30 in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts affect the expression of genes related to the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that HSP30 could serves as a negative regulator of fibrosis. These results indicate that HSP30 may play a critical role in facilitating the process of lamprey skin repair following injury. This study provides new insights into the origin and evolution of the HSP gene family in vertebrates and offers valuable clues to reveal the important role of HSP30 in immune defense and wound healing of lampreys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Resolution of inflammation in chronic disease via restoration of the heat shock response (HSR). Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:66-87. [PMID: 38309688 PMCID: PMC10939035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective resolution of inflammation via the heat shock response (HSR) is pivotal in averting the transition to chronic inflammatory states. This transition characterizes a spectrum of debilitating conditions, including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments. This manuscript explores a range of physiological, pharmacological, and nutraceutical interventions aimed at reinstating the HSR in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation, as well as protocols to assess the HSR. Monitoring the progression or suppression of the HSR in patients and laboratory animals offers predictive insights into the organism's capacity to combat chronic inflammation, as well as the impact of exercise and hyperthermic treatments (e.g., sauna or hot tub baths) on the HSR. Interestingly, a reciprocal correlation exists between the expression of HSR components in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and the extent of local tissue proinflammatory activity in individuals afflicted by chronic inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the Heck index, contrasting extracellular 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70) (proinflammatory) and intracellular HSP70 (anti-inflammatory) in PBL, serves as a valuable metric for HSR assessment. Our laboratory has also developed straightforward protocols for evaluating HSR by subjecting whole blood samples from both rodents and human volunteers to ex vivo heat challenges. Collectively, this discussion underscores the critical role of HSR disruption in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory states and emphasizes the significance of simple, cost-effective tools for clinical HSR assessment. This understanding is instrumental in the development of innovative strategies for preventing and managing chronic inflammatory diseases, which continue to exert a substantial global burden on morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Shook LL, Batorsky RA, De Guzman RM, McCrea LT, Brigida SM, Horng JE, Sheridan SD, Kholod O, Cook AM, Li JZ, Goods BA, Perlis RH, Edlow AG. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 impacts fetal placental macrophage programs and placenta-derived microglial models of neurodevelopment. medRxiv 2023:2023.12.29.23300544. [PMID: 38234776 PMCID: PMC10793528 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.23300544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus activates maternal and placental immune responses, which in the setting of other infections occurring during pregnancy are known to impact fetal brain development. The effects of maternal immune activation on neurodevelopment are mediated at least in part by fetal brain microglia. However, microglia are inaccessible for direct analysis, and there are no validated non-invasive surrogate models to evaluate in utero microglial priming and function. We have previously demonstrated shared transcriptional programs between microglia and Hofbauer cells (HBCs, or fetal placental macrophages) in mouse models. Here, we assessed the impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 on HBCs isolated from term placentas using single-cell RNA-sequencing. We demonstrated that HBC subpopulations exhibit distinct cellular programs, with specific subpopulations differentially impacted by SARS-CoV-2. Assessment of differentially expressed genes implied impaired phagocytosis, a key function of both HBCs and microglia, in some subclusters. Leveraging previously validated models of microglial synaptic pruning, we showed that HBCs isolated from placentas of SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnancies can be transdifferentiated into microglia-like cells, with altered morphology and impaired synaptic pruning behavior compared to HBC models from negative controls. These findings suggest that HBCs isolated at birth can be used to create personalized cellular models of offspring microglial programming.
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Oubounyt M, Adlung L, Patroni F, Wenke NK, Maier A, Hartung M, Baumbach J, Elkjaer ML. Inference of differential key regulatory networks and mechanistic drug repurposing candidates from scRNA-seq data with SCANet. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:btad644. [PMID: 37862243 PMCID: PMC10628438 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The reconstruction of small key regulatory networks that explain the differences in the development of cell (sub)types from single-cell RNA sequencing is a yet unresolved computational problem. RESULTS To this end, we have developed SCANet, an all-in-one package for single-cell profiling that covers the whole differential mechanotyping workflow, from inference of trait/cell-type-specific gene co-expression modules, driver gene detection, and transcriptional gene regulatory network reconstruction to mechanistic drug repurposing candidate prediction. To illustrate the power of SCANet, we examined data from two studies. First, we identify the drivers of the mechanotype of a cytokine storm associated with increased mortality in patients with acute respiratory illness. Secondly, we find 20 drugs for eight potential pharmacological targets in cellular driver mechanisms in the intestinal stem cells of obese mice. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION SCANet is a free, open-source, and user-friendly Python package that can be seamlessly integrated into single-cell-based systems medicine research and mechanistic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhaned Oubounyt
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Lorenz Adlung
- Department of Medicine, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI) and Center for Biomedical AI (bAIome), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Fabio Patroni
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Nina Kerstin Wenke
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Michael Hartung
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Maria L Elkjaer
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Nigh G, McCullough PA. A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e34872. [PMID: 36788995 PMCID: PMC9922164 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Human prion protein and prion-like protein misfolding are widely recognized as playing a causal role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence relating to prion and prion-like disease, we extrapolate from the compelling evidence that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequences characteristic of a prion-like protein to infer its potential to cause neurodegenerative disease. We propose that vaccine-induced spike protein synthesis can facilitate the accumulation of toxic prion-like fibrils in neurons. We outline various pathways through which these proteins could be expected to distribute throughout the body. We review both cellular pathologies and the expression of disease that could become more frequent in those who have undergone mRNA vaccination. Specifically, we describe the spike protein's contributions, via its prion-like properties, to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases; to clotting disorders within the vasculature; to further disease risk due to suppressed prion protein regulation in the context of widely prevalent insulin resistance; and to other health complications. We explain why these prion-like characteristics are more relevant to vaccine-related mRNA-induced spike proteins than natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. We note with an optimism an apparent loss of prion-like properties among the current Omicron variants. We acknowledge that the chain of pathological events described throughout this paper is only hypothetical and not yet verified. We also acknowledge that the evidence we usher in, while grounded in the research literature, is currently largely circumstantial, not direct. Finally, we describe the implications of our findings for the general public, and we briefly discuss public health recommendations we feel need urgent consideration. An earlier version of this article was previously posted to the Authorea preprint server on August 16, 2022.
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Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a kind of proteins which mostly found in bacterial, plant and animal cells, in which they are involved in the monitoring and regulation of cellular life activities. HSPs protect other proteins under environmental and cellular stress by regulating protein folding and supporting the correctly folded structure of proteins as chaperones. During viral infection, some HSPs can have an antiviral effect by inhibiting viral proliferation through interaction and activating immune pathways to protect the host cell. However, although the biological function of HSPs is to maintain the homeostasis of cells, some HSPs will also be hijacked by viruses to help their invasion, replication, and maturation, thereby increasing the chances of viral survival in unfavorable conditions inside the host cell. In this review, we summarize the roles of the heat shock protein family in various stages of viral infection and the potential uses of these proteins in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhen Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Yu,
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Maurya R, Shamim U, Chattopadhyay P, Mehta P, Mishra P, Devi P, Swaminathan A, Saifi S, Khare K, Yadav A, Parveen S, Sharma P, A V, Tyagi A, Jha V, Tarai B, Jha S, Faruq M, Budhiraja S, Pandey R. Human-host transcriptomic analysis reveals unique early innate immune responses in different sub-phenotypes of COVID-19. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e856. [PMID: 35696527 PMCID: PMC9191825 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Maurya
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Uzma Shamim
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Partha Chattopadhyay
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyanka Mehta
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Priti Devi
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aparna Swaminathan
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Sheeba Saifi
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Khare
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aanchal Yadav
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shaista Parveen
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vivekanand A
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Akansha Tyagi
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Vinita Jha
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Bansidhar Tarai
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Sujeet Jha
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Faruq
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sandeep Budhiraja
- Max Super Speciality Hospital (A Unit of Devki Devi Foundation), Max Healthcare, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Szyller J, Kozakiewicz M, Siermontowski P, Kaczerska D. Oxidative Stress, HSP70/HSP90 and eNOS/iNOS Serum Levels in Professional Divers during Hyperbaric Exposition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11051008. [PMID: 35624872 PMCID: PMC9137907 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have protective effects against oxidative stress and decompression sickness. Nitric oxide may reduce bubble formation during decompression and its activity is regulated by HSPs. A simulated dive can cause the HSP response. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of simulated dives on the antioxidant system, HSPs, and nitric oxide synthase response and demonste the relationship between the concentration of HSPs and the intensification of oxidative stress. A total of 20 healthy professional divers took part in training, consisting of simulated dry dives in a hyperbaric chamber and split into experiment I (30 m exposure, 400 kPa) and experiment II (60 m exposure, 700 kPa) over 24 h. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase were measured. Increases in the activity of SOD and MDA concentration were demonstrated. The activity of GPx depended on the dive profile. The HSP70 serum level in both experiments was significantly lower after the dives. The mean HSP90 level was significantly higher after the simulated dive at 60 m. A significant relationship between HSP concentration and SOD/GPx activity was demonstrated. eNOS concentration increased after 60 m exposure. No change in iNOS concentration was observed. In conclusions, the simulated dive significantly affected the antioxidant system, heat shock protein expression and nitric oxide synthase; however, the changes depend on the diving conditions. There is a relationship between the expression of HSPs and the intensity of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Szyller
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Hematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A Str., 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Dębowa 3 Str., 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Piotr Siermontowski
- Department of Underwater Works Technology, Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Polish Naval Academy, Śmidowicza 69 Str., 81-127 Gdynia, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kaczerska
- Department of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Faculty of Dietetics, Gdańsk College of Health, Pelplińska 7 Str., 80-335 Gdańsk, Poland;
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12
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Singh S, Kishore D, Singh RK. Potential for Further Mismanagement of Fever During COVID-19 Pandemic: Possible Causes and Impacts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:751929. [PMID: 35308547 PMCID: PMC8924660 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.751929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever remains an integral part of acute infectious diseases management, especially for those without effective therapeutics, but the widespread myths about "fevers" and the presence of confusing guidelines from different agencies, which have heightened during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are open to alternate interpretation, could deny whole populations the benefits of fever. Guidelines suggesting antipyresis for 37.8-39°C fever are concerning as 39°C boosts the protective heat-shock and immune response (humoral, cell-mediated, and nutritional) whereas ≥40°C initiates/enhances the antiviral responses and restricts high-temperature adapted pathogens, e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), strains of influenza, and measles. Urgent attention is accordingly needed to address the situation because of the potential public health consequences of the existence of conflicting guidelines in the public domain. We have in this article attempted to restate the benefits of fever in disease resolution, dispel myths, and underline the need for alignment of national treatment guidelines with that of the WHO, to promote appropriate practices and reduce the morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Dhiraj Kishore
- Department of General Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Rakesh K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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13
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Jakobsson J, Cotgreave I, Furberg M, Arnberg N, Svensson M. Potential Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms of Exercise That Decrease the Risk of Severe Complications and Mortality Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:121. [PMID: 34564326 PMCID: PMC8472997 DOI: 10.3390/sports9090121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has unmasked mankind's vulnerability to biological threats. Although higher age is a major risk factor for disease severity in COVID-19, several predisposing risk factors for mortality are related to low cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Reaching physical activity (PA) guideline goals contribute to protect against numerous immune and inflammatory disorders, in addition to multi-morbidities and mortality. Elevated levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, being non-obese, and regular PA improves immunological function, mitigating sustained low-grade systemic inflammation and age-related deterioration of the immune system, or immunosenescence. Regular PA and being non-obese also improve the antibody response to vaccination. In this review, we highlight potential physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that are affected by regular PA, increase the host antiviral defense, and may determine the course and outcome of COVID-19. Not only are the immune system and regular PA in relation to COVID-19 discussed, but also the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hormonal systems, as well as skeletal muscle, epigenetics, and mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Jakobsson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Ian Cotgreave
- Division of Biomaterials and Health, Department of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Safety, Research Institutes of Sweden, 151 36 Södertälje, Sweden;
| | - Maria Furberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Niklas Arnberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.F.); (N.A.)
| | - Michael Svensson
- Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
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14
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Danladi J, Sabir H. Innate immunity, inflammation activation and heat-shock protein in COVID-19 pathogenesis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 358:577632. [PMID: 34186336 PMCID: PMC8196476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19 is a serious pandemic of the 21st century, which has caused a devastating loss of lives and a global economic catastrophe. A successful vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has suffered a delay due to lack of substantial knowledge about its mechanisms of action. Understanding the innate immune system against SARS-CoV-2 and the role of heat shock proteins' (HSP) inhibiting and resolution of inflammatory pathways may provide information to the low SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates in Africa. In addition, bats being a host to different viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 possess a well specialized IFN-innate antiviral inflammatory response, showing no signs of disease or pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. We discuss the molecular pathways in COVID-19 with a focus on innate immunity, inflammation, HSP responses, and suggest appropriate candidates for therapeutic targets and The contribution of the innate immune system to the efficacy of mRNA or vector based Corona immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibrin Danladi
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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15
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Atkin AS, Moin ASM, Al-Qaissi A, Sathyapalan T, Atkin SL, Butler AE. Plasma heat shock protein response to euglycemia in type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e002057. [PMID: 33879515 PMCID: PMC8061861 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-002057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucose variability is associated with mortality and macrovascular diabetes complications. The mechanisms through which glucose variability mediates tissue damage are not well understood, although cellular oxidative stress is likely involved. As heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications and are rapidly responsive, we hypothesized that HSP-related proteins (HSPRPs) would differ in diabetes and may respond to glucose normalization. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective, parallel study in T2D (n=23) and controls (n=23) was undertaken. T2D subjects underwent insulin-induced blood glucose normalization from baseline 7.6±0.4 mmol/L (136.8±7.2 mg/dL) to 4.5±0.07 mmol/L (81±1.2 mg/dL) for 1 hour. Control subjects were maintained at 4.9±0.1 mmol/L (88.2±1.8 mg/dL). Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer-scan plasma protein measurement determined a panel of HSPRPs. RESULTS At baseline, E3-ubiquitin-protein ligase (carboxyl-terminus of Hsc70 interacting protein (CHIP) or HSPABP2) was lower (p=0.03) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2G2 higher (p=0.003) in T2D versus controls. Following glucose normalization, DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 (DNAJB1 or HSP40) was reduced (p=0.02) in T2D, with HSP beta-1 (HSPB1) and HSP-70-1A (HSP70-1A) (p=0.07 and p=0.09, respectively) also approaching significance relative to T2D baseline levels. CONCLUSIONS Key HSPRPs involved in critical protein interactions, CHIP and UBE2G2, were altered in diabetes at baseline. DNAJB1 fell in response to euglycemia, suggesting that HSPs are reacting to basal stress that could be mitigated by tight glucose control with reduction of glucose variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Atkin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Stephen L Atkin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
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16
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Heck TG, Frantz RZ, Frizzo MN, François CHR, Ludwig MS, Mesenburg MA, Buratti GP, Franz LBB, Berlezi EM. Insufficient social distancing may contribute to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Ijuí city in Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246520. [PMID: 33596229 PMCID: PMC7888680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious and has given way to a global pandemic. A present COVID-19 has high transmission rates worldwide, including in small Brazilian cities such as Ijuí. Located in the northwest part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and with a population of 83,475, Ijuí was selected as the site of a population-based survey involving 2,222 subjects, from April to June 2020. Subjects were tested for the presence of antibodies against coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and answered questions regarding social distance adherence (SDA), daily preventive routines (DPR), comorbidities, and sociodemographic characteristics. In parallel, the local government registered the official COVID-19 cases in Ijuí, as well as the mobile social distancing index (MSDI). In this study, we demonstrate that there was a decrease in the levels of SDA, DPR and MSDI before the beginning of COVID-19 community transmission in Ijuí. Furthermore, we provide predictions for the number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in the city. We conclude that insufficient social distancing, as evidenced by different methods, may be related to the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Ijuí. Our study predicts an approaching outbreak of COVID-19 in Ijuí through community spread, which could be avoided or attenuated with increased levels of social distancing among the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Gomes Heck
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Z. Frantz
- Postgraduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling, Ijuí, RS, Brazil
- Department of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Matias Nunes Frizzo
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Ramires François
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Mirna Stela Ludwig
- Research Group in Physiology, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Marilia Arndt Mesenburg
- Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Giovano Pereira Buratti
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Lígia Beatriz Bento Franz
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Research Group in Human Aging, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
| | - Evelise Moraes Berlezi
- Postgraduate Program in Integral Attention to Health, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Medicine Course, Department of Life Sciences, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
- Research Group in Human Aging, Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande do Sul State, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil
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17
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Mallick R, Duttaroy AK. Epidemiology, Transmission, and Molecular Immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2. Coronavirus Therapeutics – Volume I 2021; 1352:33-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85109-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Rébé C, Ghiringhelli F, Garrido C. Can the hyperthermia-mediated heat shock factor/heat shock protein 70 pathway dampen the cytokine storm during SARS-CoV-2 infection? Br J Pharmacol 2020; 179:4910-4916. [PMID: 33314076 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major global public health problem. Infection by this virus involves many pathophysiological processes, such as a "cytokine storm," that is, very aggressive inflammatory response that offers new perspectives for the management and treatment of patients. Here, we analyse relevant mechanism involved in the hyperthermia-mediated heat shock factors (HSFs)/heat shock proteins (HSP)70 pathway which may provide a possible treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rébé
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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19
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Rowles JE, Keane KN, Gomes Heck T, Cruzat V, Verdile G, Newsholme P. Are Heat Shock Proteins an Important Link between Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8204. [PMID: 33147803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are growing in prevalence worldwide. The development of T2D increases the risk of AD disease, while AD patients can show glucose imbalance due to an increased insulin resistance. T2D and AD share similar pathological features and underlying mechanisms, including the deposition of amyloidogenic peptides in pancreatic islets (i.e., islet amyloid polypeptide; IAPP) and brain (β-Amyloid; Aβ). Both IAPP and Aβ can undergo misfolding and aggregation and accumulate in the extracellular space of their respective tissues of origin. As a main response to protein misfolding, there is evidence of the role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in moderating T2D and AD. HSPs play a pivotal role in cell homeostasis by providing cytoprotection during acute and chronic metabolic stresses. In T2D and AD, intracellular HSP (iHSP) levels are reduced, potentially due to the ability of the cell to export HSPs to the extracellular space (eHSP). The increase in eHSPs can contribute to oxidative damage and is associated with various pro-inflammatory pathways in T2D and AD. Here, we review the role of HSP in moderating T2D and AD, as well as propose that these chaperone proteins are an important link in the relationship between T2D and AD.
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Abstract
Near the end of 2019, SARS-CoV-2, a novel highly contagious coronavirus phylogenetically related to the SARS virus, entered the human population with lethal consequences. This special issue devoted to the resulting disease COVID-19 was not planned but instead the articles accumulated organically as researchers in the cell stress response field noticed similarities among the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infections and the responses that they studied in contexts unrelated to viral infection. We preface the issue with an introductory article which begins with a brief review of the structure and biology of SARS-CoV-2. As we collected and compared the COVID-19 articles, several shared themes emerged. In the second part of the introduction, each article is summarized briefly and the common themes that link each into a spontaneously arising chain of ideas and hypotheses are emphasized. These themes include growing evidence of molecular mimicry among the viral proteins and the proteins of patients. The realization that much of the consequences of such immune mimicry may play out on the plasma membrane of vascular endothelial cells raised the specter of autoimmune-induced vascular endothelial damage in multiple organs. Proposals of new therapeutic approaches have coalesced around the theme of inducing protection of the vascular endothelium. New chemical treatments that are proposed include stannous chloride, inducers of the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide such as sodium thiosulfate and inducers of the cytoprotective stress protein heme oxygenase. Oxygen delivered by ventilators is already in extensive use to provide life support for patients with severe COVID-19. Two articles propose to advance the use of oxygen to the level of a therapeutic treatment early in the detection of the virus in infected patients by delivering oxygen under elevated pressure in hyperbaric chambers. At elevated blood plasma concentrations, hyperbaric oxygen is capable of achieving results far beyond the capability of ventilators as it promotes the activation of transcription factors that control the establishment of inducible cellular defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence E Hightower
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - M Gabriella Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
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