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Petronijevic S, Stig S, Halstensen TS. Epitope mapping of anti‐amelogenin IgA in coeliac disease. Eur J Oral Sci 2020; 128:27-36. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Petronijevic
- Institute of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Solveig Stig
- Institute of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Trond S. Halstensen
- Institute of Oral Biology Faculty of Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway
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Choung RS, Marietta EV, Van Dyke CT, Brantner TL, Rajasekaran J, Pasricha PJ, Wang T, Bei K, Krishna K, Krishnamurthy HK, Snyder MR, Jayaraman V, Murray JA. Determination of B-Cell Epitopes in Patients with Celiac Disease: Peptide Microarrays. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147777. [PMID: 26824466 PMCID: PMC4732949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most antibodies recognize conformational or discontinuous epitopes that have a specific 3-dimensional shape; however, determination of discontinuous B-cell epitopes is a major challenge in bioscience. Moreover, the current methods for identifying peptide epitopes often involve laborious, high-cost peptide screening programs. Here, we present a novel microarray method for identifying discontinuous B-cell epitopes in celiac disease (CD) by using a silicon-based peptide array and computational methods. Methods Using a novel silicon-based microarray platform with a multi-pillar chip, overlapping 12-mer peptide sequences of all native and deamidated gliadins, which are known to trigger CD, were synthesized in situ and used to identify peptide epitopes. Results Using a computational algorithm that considered disease specificity of peptide sequences, 2 distinct epitope sets were identified. Further, by combining the most discriminative 3-mer gliadin sequences with randomly interpolated3- or 6-mer peptide sequences, novel discontinuous epitopes were identified and further optimized to maximize disease discrimination. The final discontinuous epitope sets were tested in a confirmatory cohort of CD patients and controls, yielding 99% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions These novel sets of epitopes derived from gliadin have a high degree of accuracy in differentiating CD from controls, compared with standard serologic tests. The method of ultra-high-density peptide microarray described here would be broadly useful to develop high-fidelity diagnostic tests and explore pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rok Seon Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Eric V. Marietta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Carol T. Van Dyke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Tricia L. Brantner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Pankaj J. Pasricha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Tianhao Wang
- Vibrant Sciences LLC, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | - Kang Bei
- Vibrant Sciences LLC, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | - Karthik Krishna
- Vibrant Sciences LLC, San Carlos, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Melissa R. Snyder
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | | | - Joseph A. Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Assessing of Celiac Disease and Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:723954. [PMID: 26064097 PMCID: PMC4429206 DOI: 10.1155/2015/723954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The publication of papers on the topic of gluten related disorders has substantially increased over the last few years. This has motivated healthcare professionals to pay attention not only to celiac disease and wheat allergy but also to a condition termed nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). Until now this condition has been diagnosed clinically on the basis of exclusion criteria and clinical response to gluten withdrawal. In addition, recent research in this field has shown that other food components distinct from gluten are implicated in NCGS cases, thereby changing our general understanding of NCGS diagnosis in either individuals on gluten containing diets or those already following a gluten-free diet with no proper diagnostic work-up of celiac disease. With this in mind, the assessment of NCGS will require extensive knowledge of celiac disease manifestations and the laboratory tests commonly performed during diagnosis of celiac disease.
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Rauhavirta T, Qiao SW, Jiang Z, Myrsky E, Loponen J, Korponay-Szabó IR, Salovaara H, Garcia-Horsman JA, Venäläinen J, Männistö PT, Collighan R, Mongeot A, Griffin M, Mäki M, Kaukinen K, Lindfors K. Epithelial transport and deamidation of gliadin peptides: a role for coeliac disease patient immunoglobulin A. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:127-36. [PMID: 21235541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04317.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In coeliac disease, the intake of dietary gluten induces small-bowel mucosal damage and the production of immunoglobulin (Ig)A class autoantibodies against transglutaminase 2 (TG2). We examined the effect of coeliac patient IgA on the apical-to-basal passage of gluten-derived gliadin peptides p31-43 and p57-68 in intestinal epithelial cells. We demonstrate that coeliac IgA enhances the passage of gliadin peptides, which could be abolished by inhibition of TG2 enzymatic activity. Moreover, we also found that both the apical and the basal cell culture media containing the immunogenic gliadin peptides were able to induce the proliferation of deamidation-dependent coeliac patient-derived T cells even in the absence of exogenous TG2. Our results suggest that coeliac patient IgA could play a role in the transepithelial passage of gliadin peptides, a process during which they might be deamidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rauhavirta
- Paediatric Research Centre, Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland.
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Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an (auto)immunologically mediated intestinal intolerance against proteins from wheat (gluten) and related cereal proteins. Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) has been identified as the autoantigen in CD. Although ultimate diagnosis is based on histological analysis of small intestinal mucosa obtained via tissue biopsy, assessment of autoantibodies can provide substantial help in the evaluation of CD. Gliadin antibodies are directed against the native disease-provoking cereal proteins. Despite their initial usefulness, these antibodies have lost diagnostic importance due to their poor specificity and sensitivity as CD markers. Recently, it was found, however, that gliadin antibodies from sera of patients with active CD preferentially recognized deamidated gliadin peptides. The use of deamidated gliadin peptides in immunoassays has significantly improved the usefulness of gliadin antibodies in diagnosis of CD to that observed with autoantibody assay methods (endomysium antibodies, antibodies against tTG). The antibody epitopes (B-cell epitopes) reflect substrate specificity of tTG and resemble peptide sequences known to be strongly T-cell stimulatory (T-cell epitopes) in CD. The assay applying deamidated gliadin peptides measures a new species of antibodies, which is different from conventional gliadin antibodies as well as from autoantibodies and will likely provide new information on pathophysiological mechanisms of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mothes
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the University, Leipzig, Germany
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Bateman EAL, Ferry BL, Hall A, Misbah SA, Anderson R, Kelleher P. IgA antibodies of coeliac disease patients recognise a dominant T cell epitope of A-gliadin. Gut 2004; 53:1274-8. [PMID: 15306584 PMCID: PMC1774203 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.032755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In coeliac disease (CD) patients, the dominant DQ2-Alpha-I-gliadin peptide recognised by CD4 T cells is contained within peptide sequence 57-73 (p57-73) of Alpha-gliadin. This peptide sequence is also located within a 33-mer protease resistant gliadin fragment and therefore is likely to play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD. AIMS Our aim was to determine whether a B cell epitope was present within the immunodominant T cell epitope of Alpha-gliadin and, if so, to elucidate its sequence and determine the importance of deamidation and/or modification of the amino acid at position 65 for IgA binding. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cohort of CD patients, disease controls, and healthy individuals were examined. Serum IgA antibodies to the native and modified p57-73 fragment of Alpha-gliadin were analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Peptide scanning experiments were further used to elucidate the B cell epitope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION IgA antibodies to p57-73 were found in 29/72 (40.2%) endomysial antibody positive patients, all of whom had CD. The peptide antibody appeared to be present when patients were on a diet containing gluten and declined on a gluten free diet. The p57-73 antibody was very specific for CD (98%) and had a sensitivity of 56%. The amino acid at position 65 was not important for IgA binding but was crucial for T cell recognition of p57-73. Pentapeptide PXPQP emerges as a potentially strong candidate for the IgA binding motif in this region of Alpha-gliadin. This study shows that a significant proportion of newly diagnosed CD patients have an antibody response to the immunodominant T cell epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A L Bateman
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
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Tučková L, Novotná J, Novák P, Flegelová Z, Květoň T, Jelínková L, Zídek Z, Man P, Tlaskalová‐Hogenová H. Activation of macrophages by gliadin fragments: isolation and characterization of active peptide. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.71.4.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Tučková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague and
| | - Jana Novotná
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague and
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague and
| | - Zuzana Flegelová
- Research Institute of Biopharmacy and Veterinary Drugs, Jílové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Květoň
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague and
| | - Lenka Jelínková
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague and
| | - Zdeněk Zídek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague; and
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague and
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Papadopoulos GK, Wijmenga C, Koning F. Interplay between genetics and the environment in the development of celiac disease: perspectives for a healthy life. J Clin Invest 2001; 108:1261-6. [PMID: 11696566 PMCID: PMC209453 DOI: 10.1172/jci14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G K Papadopoulos
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
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Osman AA, Günnel T, Dietl A, Uhlig HH, Amin M, Fleckenstein B, Richter T, Mothes T. B cell epitopes of gliadin. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 121:248-54. [PMID: 10931138 PMCID: PMC1905697 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A phage displayed dodecapeptide library and synthetic octapeptides spanning the complete sequence of alpha- and gamma-type gliadin and overlapping in six amino acids (pepscan) were screened for binding to human gliadin antibodies (AGA). Phage display experiments led to four sequences recognized with significantly higher frequency by sera with raised IgA-AGA titres than by control sera. All these peptides contained the core sequence PEQ. Pepscan experiments revealed binding of AGA to five prominent regions: (i) QXQPFP (binding to IgG and IgA, X representing P, Q, and L); (ii) IPEQ (IgG) and WQIPEQ (IgA); (iii) FFQP (IgG) and QGXFQP (IgA, X representing F and S); (iv) PQQLPQ (IgG and IgA), all in alpha-type gliadin; and (v) QPQQPF (IgG and IgA) in gamma-type gliadin. In two of the sequences (QPQQPF and QQQPFP), substitution of Q by E resulting in QPEQPF and QEQPFP, respectively, increased significantly binding of AGA from sera of patients with biopsy-proven or suspected coeliac disease (CoD), all positive for endomysium antibodies (EmA). In contrast, binding of sera with high AGA titre from EmA-negative patients (CoD and dermatitis herpetiformis excluded) was not enhanced by this substitution. Thus, AGA directed against these modified epitopes can be regarded as specific for CoD. This is the first study demonstrating that deamidation of gliadin improves reactivity of AGA of CoD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Osman
- Deparment of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital, Leipzig, and Institute of Organic Chemistry of the University, Tübingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Mowat
- Department of Immunology and Bacteriology, University of Glasgow, Western Infirmary, UK
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Chirdo FG, Rumbo M, Carabajal P, Castagnino N, Mavromatopulos E, Cirincione V, Añón MC, Fossati CA. Analysis of anti-gliadin antibodies by immunoblot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using gliadin fractions as antigens. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1999; 29:171-7. [PMID: 10435654 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199908000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) determination has been widely used in the screening test to detect celiac patients in the general population and in risk groups. Serological assays present variable efficiency, probably caused by differences in the antigenic mixtures employed as antigen. The objective of this work is to evaluate the use of purified gliadin fractions in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. METHODS Anti-gliadin antibody reactivity was characterized in the sera of patients with celiac disease, and AGA levels were determined by immunoblot analysis using purified gliadin fractions after separation of wheat proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and acid-PAGE and after indirect ELISA. Seven antigenic mixtures were tested: commercial gliadin, ethanolic wheat extract, and five fast protein liquid chromatography-purified fractions (omega-gliadins, two mixtures of alpha-/beta- and beta-/gamma-gliadins). Immunoblot analysis after A-PAGE separation showed that immunoglobulin (Ig)A reactivity was frequently more restricted than that of IgG. Serum IgA in 15 of 23 patients showed intense reactivity against omega-gliadins. RESULTS In seven cases, only omega-gliadins were detected. To compare the efficiency of ELISA tests, serum samples of 28 patients with celiac disease and 31 control subjects were tested against the seven gliadin fractions. Immunoglobulin G AGAs demonstrated similar levels against the different gliadin fractions, whereas IgA AGAs showed a heterogeneous reactivity that depended on the fraction tested. The lowest number of false-positive and false-negative results was obtained when the omega-gliadin fraction was used. Parameters for ELISA showed that the omega-gliadin fraction elicited the highest assay efficiency for determinations of both IgA and IgG AGAs. A good correlation was found between IgG and IgA anti-omega-gliadin and antiendomysial antibody determinations. Of the 28 biopsy-confirmed patients with celiac disease, 26 samples (23 positive and 3 negative) were found to have concordant results among the three determinations. CONCLUSIONS In this study, an intense and, in many cases, selective recognition of omega-gliadins was observed. Results suggest that a higher performance in AGA determination could be achieved using omega-gliadin as an antigen in indirect ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F G Chirdo
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA), Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
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