1
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Gavil NV, Cheng K, Masopust D. Resident memory T cells and cancer. Immunity 2024; 57:1734-1751. [PMID: 39142275 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells positively correlate with cancer survival, but the anti-tumor mechanisms underlying this relationship are not understood. This review reconciles these observations, summarizing concepts of T cell immunosurveillance, fundamental TRM cell biology, and clinical observations on the role of TRM cells in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes. We also discuss emerging strategies that utilize TRM-phenotype cells for patient diagnostics, staging, and therapy. Current challenges are highlighted, including a lack of standardized T cell nomenclature and our limited understanding of relationships between T cell markers and underlying tumor biology. Existing findings are integrated into a summary of the field while emphasizing opportunities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Veis Gavil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katarina Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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2
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Parga-Vidal L, van Aalderen MC, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the urogenital tract. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:209-223. [PMID: 35079143 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of T cell memory responses changed drastically with the discovery that specialized T cell memory populations reside within peripheral tissues at key pathogen entry sites. These tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells can respond promptly to an infection without the need for migration, proliferation or differentiation. This rapid and local deployment of effector functions maximizes the ability of TRM cells to eliminate pathogens. TRM cells do not circulate through peripheral tissues but instead form isolated populations in the skin, gut, liver, kidneys, the reproductive tract and other organs. This long-term retention in the periphery might allow TRM cells to fully adapt to the local conditions of their environment and mount customized responses to counter infection and tumour growth in a tissue-specific manner. In the urogenital tract, TRM cells must adapt to a unique microenvironment to confer protection against potential threats, including cancer and infection, while preventing the onset of auto-inflammatory disease. In this Review, we discuss insights into the diversification of TRM cells from other memory T cell lineages, the adaptations of TRM cells to their local environment, and their enhanced capacity to counter infection and tumour growth compared with other memory T cell populations, especially in the urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Pinard CJ, Hocker SE, Poon AC, Inkol JM, Matsuyama A, Wood RD, Wood GA, Woods JP, Mutsaers AJ. Evaluation of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in canine urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 243:110367. [PMID: 34923192 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary tumor in dogs and despite combinational therapies, only modest improvements in survival have been achieved in recent years. Given the utility of monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 and PD-L1 in human UC, we evaluated the protein and mRNA expression in three established canine urothelial carcinoma cell lines. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis confirmed cell line expression of both molecules in varying degrees. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) documented mRNA expression in all three cell lines for both PD-1 and PD-L1. Fluorescence microscopy was consistent with strong PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in the canine cell lines and was in line with previous human literature. Importantly, the flow cytometry work described in this study revealed higher cell intrinsic PD-1 expression in these cell lines which may have implications for tumor behavior and potential treatment opportunities in the future. Further work is necessary to determine the expression patterns in canine UC and potential for benefit with immunotherapy directed against PD-1 and PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pinard
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Samuel E Hocker
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Andrew C Poon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jordon M Inkol
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Arata Matsuyama
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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4
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Pinard CJ, Stegelmeier AA, Bridle BW, Mutsaers AJ, Wood RD, Wood GA, Woods JP, Hocker SE. Evaluation of lymphocyte-specific programmed cell death protein 1 receptor expression and cytokines in blood and urine in canine urothelial carcinoma patients. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:427-436. [PMID: 34797014 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary tumour in dogs. Despite a range of treatment options, prognosis remains poor in dogs. In people, breakthroughs with checkpoint inhibitors have established new standards of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients and elevated levels of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) suggest immune checkpoint blockade may be a novel target for therapy. The goal of this study was to determine if canine UC patients express elevated levels of lymphocyte-specific PD-1 and/or urinary cytokine biomarkers compared to healthy dogs. Paired blood and urine were evaluated in 10 canine UC patients, five cystitis patients and 10 control dogs for lymphocyte-specific PD-1 expression via flow cytometry and relative cytokine expression. In UC patients, PD-1 expression was significantly elevated on CD8+ lymphocytes in urine samples. UC patients had a higher CD4:CD8 ratio in their urine compared to healthy dogs, however, there was no significant variation in the CD8:Treg ratio between any group. Cystitis patients had significantly elevated levels of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and Tregs in their blood samples compared to UC patients and healthy dogs. Cytokine analysis demonstrated significant elevations in urinary cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-gamma [IFN-γ], interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6 IL-7, IL-8 and IL-15, IP-10, KC-like, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha). Several of these cytokines have been previously correlated with both lymphocyte-specific PD-1 expression (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15) in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma in humans. Our results provide evidence of urinary lymphocyte PD-1 expression and future studies could elucidate whether veterinary UC patients will respond favourably to anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Pinard
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley A Stegelmeier
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony J Mutsaers
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Paul Woods
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel E Hocker
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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5
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Park SL, Mackay LK. Decoding Tissue-Residency: Programming and Potential of Frontline Memory T Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a037960. [PMID: 33753406 PMCID: PMC8485744 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Memory T-cell responses are partitioned between the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and nonlymphoid tissues. Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a population of immune cells that remain permanently in tissues without recirculating in blood. These nonrecirculating cells serve as a principal node in the anamnestic response to invading pathogens and developing malignancies. Here, we contemplate how T-cell tissue residency is defined and shapes protective immunity in the steady state and in the context of disease. We review the properties and heterogeneity of Trm cells, highlight the critical roles these cells play in maintaining tissue homeostasis and eliciting immune pathology, and explore how they might be exploited to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Park
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Laura K Mackay
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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6
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Okła K, Farber DL, Zou W. Tissue-resident memory T cells in tumor immunity and immunotherapy. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211911. [PMID: 33755718 PMCID: PMC7992502 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) represent a heterogeneous T cell population with the functionality of both effector and memory T cells. TRM express residence gene signatures. This feature allows them to traffic to, reside in, and potentially patrol peripheral tissues, thereby enforcing an efficient long-term immune-protective role. Recent studies have revealed TRM involvement in tumor immune responses. TRM tumor infiltration correlates with enhanced response to current immunotherapy and is often associated with favorable clinical outcome in patients with cancer. Thus, targeting TRM may lead to enhanced cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Here, we review and discuss recent advances on the nature of TRM in the context of tumor immunity and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Okła
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Oncological Gynecology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Donna L Farber
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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7
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Chen L, Sun R, Xu J, Zhai W, Zhang D, Yang M, Yue C, Chen Y, Li S, Turnquist H, Jiang J, Lu B. Tumor-Derived IL33 Promotes Tissue-Resident CD8 + T Cells and Is Required for Checkpoint Blockade Tumor Immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1381-1392. [PMID: 32917659 PMCID: PMC7642190 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by prolonging overall survival of patients with cancer. Despite advances in the clinical setting, the immune cellular network in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that mediates such therapy is not well understood. IL33 is highly expressed in normal epithelial cells but downregulated in tumor cells in advanced carcinoma. Here, we showed that IL33 was induced in tumor cells after treatment with ICB such as CTL antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) mAbs. ST2 signaling in nontumor cells, particularly CD8+ T cells, was critical for the antitumor efficacy of ICB immunotherapy. We demonstrated that tumor-derived IL33 was crucial for the antitumor efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. Mechanistically, IL33 increased the accumulation and effector function of tumor-resident CD103+CD8+ T cells, and CD103 expression on CD8+ T cells was required for the antitumor efficacy of IL33. In addition, IL33 also increased the numbers of CD103+ dendritic cells (DC) in the TME and CD103+ DC were required for the antitumor effect of IL33 and accumulation of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Combination of IL33 with CTLA-4 and PD-1 ICB further prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice. Our study established that the "danger signal" IL33 was crucial for mediating ICB cancer therapy by promoting tumor-resident adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, China
| | - Runzi Sun
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Junchi Xu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wensi Zhai
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cuihua Yue
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yichao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Song Li
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Heth Turnquist
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Changzhou, China
| | - Binfeng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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8
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Han J, Khatwani N, Searles TG, Turk MJ, Angeles CV. Memory CD8 + T cell responses to cancer. Semin Immunol 2020; 49:101435. [PMID: 33272898 PMCID: PMC7738415 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived memory CD8+ T cells play important roles in tumor immunity. Studies over the past two decades have identified four subsets of memory CD8+ T cells - central, effector, stem-like, and tissue resident memory - that either circulate through blood, lymphoid and peripheral organs, or reside in tissues where cancers develop. In this article, we will review studies from both pre-clinical mouse models and human patients to summarize the phenotype, distribution and unique features of each memory subset, and highlight specific roles of each subset in anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, we will discuss how stem-cell like and resident memory CD8+ T cell subsets relate to exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) populations. These studies reveal how memory CD8+ T cell subsets together orchestrate durable immunity to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichang Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Nikhil Khatwani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Tyler G Searles
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756, United States
| | - Christina V Angeles
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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9
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Characterization of CD103 + CD8 + tissue-resident T cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: may be tumor reactive and resurrected by anti-PD-1 blockade. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1493-1504. [PMID: 32285170 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Though therapy that promotes anti-tumor response about CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown great potential, clinical responses to CD8+ TILs immunotherapy vary considerably, largely because of different subpopulation of CD8+ TILs exhibiting different biological characters. To define the relationship between subpopulation of CD8+ TILs and the outcome of antitumor reaction, the phenotype and function of CD103+ CD8+ TILs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were investigated. CD103+ CD8+ TILs were presented in ESCC, which displayed phenotype of tissue-resident memory T cells and exhibited high expression of immune checkpoints (PD-1, TIM-3). CD103+ CD8+ TILs were positively associated with the overall survivals of ESCC patients. This population of cells elicited potent proliferation and cytotoxic cytokine secretion potential. In addition, CD103+ CD8+ TILs were elicited potent anti-tumor immunity after anti-PD-1 blockade and were not affected by chemotherapy. This study emphasized the feature of CD103+ CD8+ TILs in immune response and identified potentially new targets in ESCC patients.
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10
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Joseph M, Enting D. Immune Responses in Bladder Cancer-Role of Immune Cell Populations, Prognostic Factors and Therapeutic Implications. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1270. [PMID: 31824850 PMCID: PMC6879653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosurveillance, which describes the immunologically mediated elimination of transformed cells, has been widely accepted in the context of bladder cancer for many decades with the successful use of Bacillus-Calmette Guerin for superficial bladder cancer since the 1970s. With the emergence of checkpoint inhibitor blockade in the treatment of urothelial cancers, there has been a resurgent interest in the immunology of bladder cancer. The theory of cancer immunoediting proposes that the immune system has both pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumor effects, the balance between the two determining the progression of an individual tumor. However, whilst there is evidence for the action of various immune cell populations in bladder cancer, a cohesive picture of the immune response to bladder cancer and its driving forces are still lacking. Additionally, little is still known about the normal immune landscape of the bladder. Future progress in bladder cancer therapeutic approaches will require a strong foundation in understanding the immunology of this disease. This review considers the evidence for the role of the main immune cell populations, both innate and adaptive, in the immune response to bladder cancer. Recent research and overarching themes in the immune response to bladder cancer are explored. The minimal evidence regarding the normal immune landscape of the human bladder is also summarized to contextualize downstream immune responses. Of specific interest are the innate and myeloid populations, some of which are resident in the human bladder and which have significant effects on downstream adaptive tumor immunity. We discuss factors which restrain the efficacy of populations known to have anti-tumor activity such as cytotoxic T cells, including the constraints on checkpoint blockade. Additionally, the effects on the immune response of tumor intrinsic factors such as the genomic subtype of bladder cancer and the effect of common therapies such as chemotherapy and intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin are considered. A significant theme is the polarization of immune responses within the tumor by a heavily immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment which affects the phenotype of multiple innate and adaptive populations. Throughout, clinical implications are discussed with suggestions for future research directions and therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Joseph
- Hayday Laboratory, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Enting
- Department of Uro-Oncology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Molodtsov A, Turk MJ. Tissue Resident CD8 Memory T Cell Responses in Cancer and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2810. [PMID: 30555481 PMCID: PMC6281983 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident memory (TRM) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal TRM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, TRM-like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that TRM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. Such tumor-specific TRM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. TRM responses against tumor/self-antigens can concurrently result in the development of pathogenic TRM responses to self, with a growing number of autoimmune diseases and inflammatory pathologies being attributed to TRM responses. This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate TRM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. Informed by studies in infectious disease models, and instructed by a clear role for TRM cells in autoimmunity, we will discuss strategies for therapeutically promoting TRM responses in settings where they don't naturally occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Molodtsov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Mary Jo Turk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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12
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Mami-Chouaib F, Blanc C, Corgnac S, Hans S, Malenica I, Granier C, Tihy I, Tartour E. Resident memory T cells, critical components in tumor immunology. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:87. [PMID: 30180905 PMCID: PMC6122734 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes are the major anti-tumor effector cells. Most cancer immunotherapeutic approaches seek to amplify cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific to malignant cells. A recently identified subpopulation of memory CD8+ T cells, named tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, persists in peripheral tissues and does not recirculate. This T-cell subset is considered an independent memory T-cell lineage with a specific profile of transcription factors, including Runx3+, Notch+, Hobit+, Blimp1+, BATF+, AHR+, EOMESneg and Tbetlow. It is defined by expression of CD103 (αE(CD103)β7) and CD49a (VLA-1 or α1β1) integrins and C-type lectin CD69, which are most likely involved in retention of TRM cells in non-lymphoid tissues, including solid tumors. CD103 binds to the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin, thereby favoring the location and retention of TRM in epithelial tumor regions in close contact with malignant cells. The CD103-E-cadherin interaction is required for polarized exocytosis of lytic granules, in particular, when ICAM-1 expression on cancer cells is missing, leading to target cell death. TRM cells also express high levels of granzyme B, IFNγ and TNFα, supporting their cytotoxic features. Moreover, the local route of immunization targeting tissue dendritic cells (DC), and the presence of environmental factors (i.e. TGF-β, IL-33 and IL-15), promote differentiation of this T-cell subtype. In both spontaneous tumor models and engrafted tumors, natural TRM cells or cancer-vaccine-induced TRM directly control tumor growth. In line with these results, TRM infiltration into various human cancers, including lung cancer, are correlated with better clinical outcome in both univariate and multivariate analyses independently of CD8+ T cells. TRM cells also predominantly express checkpoint receptors such as PD-1, CTLA-4 and Tim-3. Blockade of PD-1 with neutralizing antibodies on TRM cells isolated from human lung cancer promotes cytolytic activity toward autologous tumor cells. Thus, TRM cells appear to represent important components in tumor immune surveillance. Their induction by cancer vaccines or other immunotherapeutic approaches may be critical for the success of these treatments. Several arguments, such as their close contact with tumor cells, dominant expression of checkpoint receptors and their recognition of cancer cells, strongly suggest that they may be involved in the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Mami-Chouaib
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
| | - Charlotte Blanc
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Corgnac
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Hans
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Ines Malenica
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Clémence Granier
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Tihy
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, EPHE, PSL, Faculté de Médecine, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 39, rue Camille Desmoulins, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- INSERM U970, Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France. .,Hôpital européen Georges Pompidou. Service d'Immunologie biologique, 20, Rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France. .,Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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13
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Melssen MM, Olson W, Wages NA, Capaldo BJ, Mauldin IS, Mahmutovic A, Hutchison C, Melief CJM, Bullock TN, Engelhard VH, Slingluff CL. Formation and phenotypic characterization of CD49a, CD49b and CD103 expressing CD8 T cell populations in human metastatic melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1490855. [PMID: 30288359 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1490855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins α1β1 (CD49a), α2β1 (CD49b) and αEβ7 (CD103) mediate retention of lymphocytes in peripheral tissues, and their expression is upregulated on tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) compared to circulating lymphocytes. Little is known about what induces expression of these retention integrins (RI) nor whether RI define subsets in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with a specific phenotype. Human metastatic melanoma-derived CD8 TIL could be grouped into five subpopulations based on RI expression patterns: RIneg, CD49a+ only, CD49a+CD49b+, CD49a+CD103+, or positive for all three RI. A significantly larger fraction of the CD49a+ only subpopulation expressed multiple effector cytokines, whereas CD49a+CD103+ and CD49a+CD49b+ cells expressed IFNγ only. RIneg and CD49a+CD49b+CD103+ CD8 TIL subsets expressed significantly less effector cytokines overall. Interestingly, however, CD49a+CD49b+CD103+ CD8 expressed lowest CD127, and highest levels of perforin and exhaustion markers PD-1 and Tim3, suggesting selective exhaustion rather than conversion to memory. To gain insight into RI expression induction, normal donor PBMC were cultured with T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and/or cytokines. TCR stimulation alone induced two RI+ cell populations: CD49a single positive and CD49a+CD49b+ cells. TNFα and IL-2 each were capable of inducing these populations. Addition of TGFβ to TCR stimulation generated two additional populations; CD49a+CD49bnegCD103+ and CD49a+CD49b+CD103+. Taken together, our findings identify opportunities to modulate RI expression in the TME by cytokine therapies and to generate subsets with a specific RI repertoire in the interest of augmenting immune therapies for cancer or for modulating other immune-related diseases such as autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit M Melssen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.,Beirne Carter Center of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Walter Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Nolan A Wages
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Brian J Capaldo
- Flow Core Cytometry Facility, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ileana S Mauldin
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Adela Mahmutovic
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ciara Hutchison
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Timothy N Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Victor H Engelhard
- Beirne Carter Center of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Smazynski J, Webb JR. Resident Memory-Like Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL RM): Latest Players in the Immuno-Oncology Repertoire. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1741. [PMID: 30093907 PMCID: PMC6070600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) are a recently identified subset of long-lived memory T cells that are characterized in terms of their unique surface phenotype combined with a non-recirculating pattern of localization to non-lymphoid, peripheral tissues. TRM have quickly become a key area of focus in understanding immune responses to microbial infection in so-called "barrier" tissues, and appear to be particularly critical for protection against repeat exposure at the same site. More recently, tumor-infiltrating T cells with canonical TRM features are being identified in human cancers, in particular cancers of epithelial origin, and their presence is broadly found to be associated with favorable long-term prognosis. Moreover, recent studies have shown that these "resident memory-like" tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (referred to herein as TILRM) are uniquely activated in melanoma patients undergoing PD-1 directed checkpoint blockade therapy. Accordingly, there is much interest at present regarding the biology of these cells and their precise role in anti-cancer immunity. Herein, we review the current state of the literature regarding TILRM with a specific emphasis on their specificity, origins, and relationship to conventional pathogen-specific TRM and speculate upon the way(s) in which they might contribute to improved prognosis for cancer patients. We discuss the growing body of evidence that suggests TILRM may represent a population of bona-fide tumor-reactive T cells and the attractive possibility of leveraging this cell population for future immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Smazynski
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - John R. Webb
- Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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15
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Gebhardt T, Palendira U, Tscharke DC, Bedoui S. Tissue-resident memory T cells in tissue homeostasis, persistent infection, and cancer surveillance. Immunol Rev 2018; 283:54-76. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Centenary Institute; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Medical School; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - David C. Tscharke
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research; The Australian National University; Canberra ACT Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity; Melbourne Vic. Australia
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16
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Lohneis P, Sinn M, Bischoff S, Jühling A, Pelzer U, Wislocka L, Bahra M, Sinn BV, Denkert C, Oettle H, Bläker H, Riess H, Jöhrens K, Striefler JK. Cytotoxic tumour-infiltrating T lymphocytes influence outcome in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2017; 83:290-301. [PMID: 28772128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the prognostic effect of CD3-, CD8- and CD103-positive T lymphocytes in a cohort of 165 patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) of the treatment group (adjuvant gemcitabine) and the untreated control group of the CONKO-001 study. METHODS Immunohistochemical stainings on tissue microarrays (TMAs) against CD3, CD8 and CD103 were performed according to standard procedures. RESULTS A high number of CD8-positive lymphocytes were significantly and independently associated with longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the overall study population. Median DFS/OS were 7.4/18.1 months for patients with a low number of CD8-positive intratumoural lymphocytes (≤42 per 1 mm tissue core) and 12.7/25.2 months for patients with high numbers (>42 per 1-mm tissue core; p = 0.008/0.020; HR 0.62/0.65). The ratio of intraepithelial to total CD103-positive lymphocytes, but not total numbers of CD103-positive lymphocytes or CD103-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes, was associated with significantly improved DFS and OS in the overall study population (p = 0.022/0.009). Median DFS/OS was 5.9/15.7 for patients with a ratio of intraepithelial to total CD103-positive intratumoural lymphocytes higher than 0.3 and 11.6/24.7 for patients with a lower ratio. CONCLUSION T-lymphocyte subpopulations might be prognostic in resectable PDAC but need standardization and verification by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lohneis
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marianne Sinn
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Bischoff
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Jühling
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Pelzer
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilianna Wislocka
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Bahra
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bruno V Sinn
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Oettle
- Outpatient Department Hematology/Oncology, Friedrichstrasse 53, 88045 Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Bläker
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanno Riess
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Korinna Jöhrens
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana K Striefler
- Universitätsmedizin Charité Berlin, CONKO Study Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Haematology and Tumorimmunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Smids C, Horjus Talabur Horje CS, van Wijk F, van Lochem EG. The Complexity of alpha E beta 7 Blockade in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:500-508. [PMID: 27660340 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting integrins are emerging as new treatment option in inflammatory bowel diseases. Integrins are molecules involved in cell adhesion and signalling. After the successful introduction of anti-α4β7, currently anti-β7 is under evaluation in a phase three trial. Anti-β7 blocks both α4β7/MAdCAM-1 and αEβ7/E-cadherin interaction, targeting both the homing to and the retention in the gut of potential pathological T cells. Since the physiological and potential pathological roles of immune cells expressing αEβ7 are less distinct than of those expressing α4β7, an overview of the current state of knowledge on αEβ7 in mice and humans in both health and inflammatory bowel diseases is presented here, also addressing the potential consequences of anti-β7 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolijn Smids
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | | | - Femke van Wijk
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen G van Lochem
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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18
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Di Rosa F, Gebhardt T. Bone Marrow T Cells and the Integrated Functions of Recirculating and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:51. [PMID: 26909081 PMCID: PMC4754413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in T cell trafficking accompany the naive to memory T cell antigen-driven differentiation, which remains an incompletely defined developmental step. Upon priming, each naive T cell encounters essential signals – i.e., antigen, co-stimuli and cytokines – in a secondary lymphoid organ; nevertheless, its daughter effector and memory T cells recirculate and receive further signals during their migration through various lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. These additional signals from tissue microenvironments have an impact on immune response features, including T cell effector function, expansion and contraction, memory differentiation, long-term maintenance, and recruitment upon antigenic rechallenge into local and/or systemic responses. The critical role of T cell trafficking in providing efficient T cell memory has long been a focus of interest. It is now well recognized that naive and memory T cells have different migratory pathways, and that memory T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their trafficking. We and others have observed that, long time after priming, memory T cells are preferentially found in certain niches such as the bone marrow (BM) or at the skin/mucosal site of pathogen entry, even in the absence of residual antigen. The different underlying mechanisms and peculiarities of resulting immunity are currently under study. In this review, we summarize key findings on BM and tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells and revisit some issues in memory T cell maintenance within such niches. Moreover, we discuss BM seeding by memory T cells in the context of migration patterns and protective functions of either recirculating or TRM T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Rosa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Thomas Gebhardt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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19
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Wang B, Wu S, Zeng H, Liu Z, Dong W, He W, Chen X, Dong X, Zheng L, Lin T, Huang J. CD103
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Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict a Favorable Prognosis in Urothelial Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. J Urol 2015; 194:556-62. [PMID: 25752441 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.2941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxu Wu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Tang T, Xue H, Cui S, Gong Z, Fei Z, Cheng S, Gui C. Association of interleukin-23 receptor gene polymorphisms with risk of bladder cancer in Chinese. Fam Cancer 2015; 13:619-23. [PMID: 24861772 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9731-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To assess whether polymorphisms of the interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) gene are associated with bladder transitional cell carcinoma because chronic inflammation contributes to bladder cancer and the IL23R is known to be critically involved in the carcinogenesis of various malignant tumors. 226 patients with bladder cancer and 270 age-matched controls were involved in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for genotyping. Genotype distribution and allelic frequencies between patients and controls were compared. In all three single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL23R studied, the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of rs10889677 differed significantly between patients and controls. The frequency of allele C of rs10889677 was significantly increased in cases compared with controls (0.2898 vs. 0.1833, odds ratio 1.818, 95 % confidence interval 1.349-2.449). The result indicates that IL23R may play an important role in the susceptibility of bladder cancer in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Tang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People's Republic of China,
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21
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Webb JR, Milne K, Nelson BH. PD-1 and CD103 Are Widely Coexpressed on Prognostically Favorable Intraepithelial CD8 T Cells in Human Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:926-35. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Hadley GA, Higgins JMG. Integrin αEβ7: molecular features and functional significance in the immune system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 819:97-110. [PMID: 25023170 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9153-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alpha E beta 7 (αEβ7) is an α-I domain-containing integrin that is highly expressed by a variety of leukocyte populations at mucosal sites including intraepithelial T cells, dendritic cells, mast cells, and T regulatory cells (Treg). Expression depends largely or solely on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms. The best characterized ligand for αEβ7 is E-cadherin on epithelial cells, though there is evidence of a second ligand in the human system. An exposed acidic residue on the distal aspect of E-cadherin domain 1 interacts with the MIDAS site in the αE α-I domain. By binding to E-cadherin, αEβ7 contributes to mucosal specific retention of leukocytes within epithelia. Studies on αE knockout mice have identified an additional important function for this integrin in allograft rejection and have also indicated that it may have a role in immunoregulation. Recent studies point to a multifaceted role for αEβ7 in regulating both innate and acquired immune responses to foreign antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg A Hadley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA,
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23
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Webb JR, Milne K, Watson P, Deleeuw RJ, Nelson BH. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expressing the tissue resident memory marker CD103 are associated with increased survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:434-44. [PMID: 24190978 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is associated with prolonged survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) and other epithelial cancers. Survival is most strongly associated with intraepithelial versus intrastromal CD8(+) TILs; however, the mechanisms that promote the intraepithelial localization of TILs remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that intraepithelial CD8(+) TILs, like normal mucosal intraepithelial lymphocytes, might express CD103, a subunit of αE/β7 integrin, which binds E-cadherin on epithelial cells. METHODS A large collection of primary ovarian tumors (HGSC, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of TIL-expressing CD103. The activation and differentiation status of CD103(+) TILs were assessed by flow cytometry. The prognostic significance of TIL subsets was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS CD103(+) TILs were present in all major ovarian cancer subtypes and were most abundant in HGSC. CD103(+) TILs were preferentially localized to epithelial regions of tumors and were comprised predominantly of CD8(+) T cells expressing activation (HLA-DR, Ki-67, PD-1) and cytolytic (TIA-1) markers, as well as CD56(+) NK cells. Tumor infiltration by CD103(+) TILs was strongly associated with patient survival in HGSC. Tumors containing CD8(+) TILs that were CD103(-) showed poor prognosis equivalent to tumors lacking CD8(+) TILs altogether. CONCLUSIONS CD103(+) TILs comprise intraepithelial, activated CD8(+) T cells, and NK cells and are strongly associated with patient survival in HGSC. CD103 may serve as a useful marker for enriching the most beneficial subsets of TILs for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Webb
- Authors' Affiliations: Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Winerdal ME, Marits P, Winerdal M, Hasan M, Rosenblatt R, Tolf A, Selling K, Sherif A, Winqvist O. FOXP3 and survival in urinary bladder cancer. BJU Int 2011; 108:1672-8. [PMID: 21244603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.10020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible impact of FOXP3 expression in T-cells, as well as in tumour cells, on long-term survival in patients with urinary bladder cancer (UBC) invading muscle. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a retrospective study, tumour specimens from 37 patients cystectomized for T1-T4 UBC during 1999-2002 at the Karolinska University Hospital were examined by immunohistochemistry for tumour expression and/or infiltration of immune cells expressing FOXP3 as well as CD3. The results obtained were correlated with clinicopathological parameters, where the primary and secondary outcomes investigated were overall survival and progression-free survival, respectively. RESULTS Infiltration of CD3(+) and FOXP3(+) lymphocytes (≥3 cells per high-power field) were both correlated with better survival, and this relationship persisted throughout the whole study period (all P < 0.05). Patients with FOXP3(+) tumour cells had decreased long-term survival compared to those patients with FOXP3(-) tumours (P < 0.05). Despite a limited amount of patient material, the results of the present study indicate that FOXP3 expression, in both lymphocytes and tumour cells, is an important prognostic factor in UBC. CONCLUSIONS FOXP3 expression in UBC cells is associated with decreased long-term survival and thus may be a novel negative prognostic factor in UBC invading muscle. By contrast, the presence of FOXP3(+) tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes was correlated with a positive prognosis. Because FOXP3 is up-regulated upon activation in human T-cells, FOXP3 may serve more as an activation marker than as a regulatory T-cell indicator in this case. These results support the need for larger prospective studies aiming to confirm the results obtained and to examine the underlying mechanisms in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin E Winerdal
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Clinical Allergy Research, Sweden
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25
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Webb JR, Wick DA, Nielsen JS, Tran E, Milne K, McMurtrie E, Nelson BH. Profound elevation of CD8+ T cells expressing the intraepithelial lymphocyte marker CD103 (αE/β7 Integrin) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2010; 118:228-36. [PMID: 20541243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ahirwar D, Kesarwani P, Manchanda PK, Mandhani A, Mittal RD. Anti- and proinflammatory cytokine gene polymorphism and genetic predisposition: association with smoking, tumor stage and grade, and bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy in bladder cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 184:1-8. [PMID: 18558283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines mediate many immune and inflammatory responses contributing to tumorigenesis. The present study evaluated polymorphisms of IL4, IL6, and TNF (previously TNFA) genes influencing risk in development of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder and recurrence after bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy. The study included 136 unrelated histopathologically confirmed cases and 200 population-based controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and genotyped for polymorphism in IL4 intron 3, with point mutations identified by amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in IL6-174 G/C and by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in TNF-308 G/A. The IL6 variant C/C exhibited significant association with bladder cancer risk (odds ratio OR = 2.811, P = 0.004), but IL4 and TNF genetic variants did not. Significant association was observed for IL4 (B1/B2+B2/B2) with high-grade or late-stage tumor for TaG3+T1 and T2+ (OR = 5.950, and 6.342 respectively) and with smoking (P = 0.004, OR = 4.202). Low recurrence risk was observed in BCG-treated patients carrying C/C genotype of IL6 (hazard ratio = 0.298, P = 0.03), and also higher recurrence-free survival (log rank P = 0.021). TNF and IL4 demonstrated no association of bladder cancer risk and BCG therapy. The low-producing variant C/C of IL6 may be a risk factor for bladder cancer, whereas high-producing genotypes of IL4 (B1/B2+B2/B2) may predispose to higher risk in patients with high-grade or late-stage tumor and smoking habits. The low-producing C/C IL6 genotype, which favors Th1 response, may be a beneficial prognostic indicator for treatment and survival of BCG-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Ahirwar
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Gu J, Grossman HB, Dinney CP, Wu X. The pharmacogenetic impact of inflammatory genes on bladder cancer recurrence. Pharmacogenomics 2006; 6:575-84. [PMID: 16142998 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.6.6.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Although superficial bladder cancer can generally be treated successfully, tumor recurrence is a serious clinical problem, with a recurrence rate of approximately 70%. Clinicopathologic markers for superficial bladder cancer recurrence remain the best prognostic predictors in clinical decision making. Biomarkers that may complement clinicopathological parameters and increase the accuracy of outcome prediction have been extensively studied. A large number of molecular markers, including inflammatory genes, have been suggested to have predictive value for bladder cancer recurrence. The role of inflammation in the development and progression of bladder cancer, as in other malignancies, is gaining increased recognition. This review will summarize recent data regarding the impact of genetic variations in inflammatory genes on de novo bladder cancer recurrence, as well as recurrence in the context of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment. Genomic variation as a mechanism that may modify BCG efficacy is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Blvd, Houston, 77030, USA
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Leibovici D, Grossman HB, Dinney CP, Millikan RE, Lerner S, Wang Y, Gu J, Dong Q, Wu X. Polymorphisms in inflammation genes and bladder cancer: from initiation to recurrence, progression, and survival. J Clin Oncol 2005; 23:5746-56. [PMID: 16110031 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.01.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since chronic inflammation contributes to tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that the risk and clinical outcome of bladder cancer (BC) might be modulated by genetic variations in inflammation genes. METHODS Using the TaqMan method, we genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms in interleukin (IL) -6 (-174 G-->C), IL-8 (-251 T-->A), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; -308 G-->A), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG; Pro12Ala), and determined their associations with BC initiation and clinical outcome. RESULTS We found that the IL-6 variant genotype (C/C) was associated with an increased BC risk (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.51). There were joint effects between the variant IL-6 genotypes and smoking status, and between the variant genotypes of IL-6 and other genes. To assess effect on recurrence, we grouped non-muscle-invasive BC patients according to intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment status: no BCG, induction BCG (iBCG), and maintenance BCG (mBCG). In the Cox proportional hazards model, the variant IL-6 genotype was associated with an increased recurrence risk (hazard ratio [HR], 4.60; 95% CI, 1.24 to 17.09) in patients receiving mBCG. The variant PPARG genotype was associated with a reduced recurrence risk (HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.86) among untreated patients. In patients with non-muscle-invasive BC, the variant IL-6 genotype was associated with an increased progression risk (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 0.80 to 4.11). In patients with invasive BC, variant IL-6 was associated with improved 5-year overall and disease-specific survival (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.94 and HR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.00, respectively). CONCLUSION Inflammation gene polymorphisms are associated with modified BC risk, treatment response, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Leibovici
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Enarsson K, Johnsson E, Lindholm C, Lundgren A, Pan-Hammarström Q, Strömberg E, Bergin P, Baunge EL, Svennerholm AM, Quiding-Järbrink M. Differential mechanisms for T lymphocyte recruitment in normal and neoplastic human gastric mucosa. Clin Immunol 2005; 118:24-34. [PMID: 16157508 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) is the second most common cause of death from malignant disease. The reason why immune responses are unable to clear the tumour is not fully understood, although aberrant lymphocyte recruitment to the tumour site might be one factor. Therefore, we investigated the homing phenotype of mucosal T lymphocytes in GC, compared to tumour-free mucosa. We could detect significantly decreased frequencies of mucosal homing alpha4beta7+ T cells in the tumour tissues and increased frequencies of L-selectin+ T cells. This was probably due to the correlated decrease in MAdCAM-1 positive and increase in PNAd positive blood vessels in the tumour mucosa. There were also fewer CXCR3+ T lymphocytes in the tumour tissue. These findings provide evidence that endothelial cells within tumours arising at mucosal sites do not support extravasation of typical mucosa-infiltrating T cells. This may be of major relevance for future immunotherapeutic strategies for treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Enarsson
- Dept. Medical Microbiology and Immunology and Göteborg University Vaccine Research Institute (GUVAX), Göteborg University, and Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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French JJ, Cresswell J, Wong WK, Seymour K, Charnley RM, Kirby JA. T cell adhesion and cytolysis of pancreatic cancer cells: a role for E-cadherin in immunotherapy? Br J Cancer 2002; 87:1034-41. [PMID: 12434297 PMCID: PMC2364324 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2002] [Revised: 08/19/2002] [Accepted: 08/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive and potent disease, which is largely resistant to conventional forms of treatment. However, the discovery of antigens associated with pancreatic cancer cells has recently suggested the possibility that immunotherapy might become a specific and effective therapeutic option. T cells within many epithelia, including those of the pancreas, are known to express the alphaEbeta7-integrin adhesion molecule, CD103. The only characterised ligand for CD103 is E-cadherin, an epithelial adhesion molecule which exhibits reduced expression in pancreatic cancer. In our study, CD103 was found to be expressed only by activated T cells following exposure to tumour necrosis factor beta 1, a factor produced by many cancer cells. Significantly, the expression of this integrin was restricted mainly to class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted CD8+ T cells. The human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 was transfected with human E-cadherin in order to generate E-cadherin negative (wild type) and positive (transfected) sub-lines. Using a sensitive flow cytometric adhesion assay it was found that the expression of both CD103 (on T cells) and E-cadherin (on cancer cells) was essential for efficient adhesion of activated T cells to pancreatic cancer cells. This adhesion process was inhibited by the addition of antibodies specific for CD103, thereby demonstrating the importance of the CD103-->E-cadherin interaction for T-cell adhesion. Using a 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay it was found that CD103 expressing T cells lysed E-cadherin expressing Panc-1 target cells following T cell receptor stimulation; addition of antibodies specific for CD103 significantly reduced this lysis. Furthermore, absence of either CD103 from the T cells or E-cadherin expression from the cancer cells resulted in a significant reduction in cancer cell lysis. Therefore, potentially antigenic pancreatic cancer cells could evade a local anti-cancer immune response in vivo as a consequence of their loss of E-cadherin expression; this phenotypic change may also favour metastasis by reducing homotypic adhesion between adjacent cancer cells. We conclude that effective immunotherapy is likely to require upregulation of E-cadherin expression by pancreatic cancer cells or the development of cytotoxic immune cells that are less dependent on this adhesion molecule for efficient effecter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J French
- Applied Immunobiology Group, Department of Surgery, The Medical School, University of Newcastle, NE2 4HH, UK
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