1
|
Syndecan-1 Promotes Hepatocyte-Like Differentiation of Hepatoma Cells Targeting Ets-1 and AP-1. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101356. [PMID: 32977498 PMCID: PMC7598270 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 is a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan which is indispensable in the structural and functional integrity of epithelia. Normal hepatocytes display strong cell surface expression of syndecan-1; however, upon malignant transformation, they may lose it from their cell surfaces. In this study, we demonstrate that re-expression of full-length or ectodomain-deleted syndecan-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells downregulates phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, with the truncated form exerting an even stronger effect than the full-length protein. Furthermore, overexpression of syndecan-1 in hepatoma cells is associated with a shift of heparan sulfate structure toward a highly sulfated type specific for normal liver. As a result, cell proliferation and proteolytic shedding of syndecan-1 from the cell surface are restrained, which facilitates redifferentiation of hepatoma cells to a more hepatocyte-like phenotype. Our results highlight the importance of syndecan-1 in the formation and maintenance of differentiated epithelial characteristics in hepatocytes partly via the HGF/ERK/Ets-1 signal transduction pathway. Downregulation of Ets-1 expression alone, however, was not sufficient to replicate the phenotype of syndecan-1 overexpressing cells, indicating the need for additional molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, a reporter gene assay revealed the inhibition of Ets-1 as well as AP-1 transcription factor-induced promoter activation, presumably an effect of the heparan sulfate switch.
Collapse
|
2
|
Karászi K, Vigh R, Máthé M, Fullár A, Oláh L, Füle T, Papp Z, Kovalszky I. Aberrant Expression of Syndecan-1 in Cervical Cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2255-2264. [PMID: 32388727 PMCID: PMC7471205 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Syndecan-1, is a transmembrane heparan/chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan necessary for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Its decreased level on the cell surface correlates with poor prognosis in several tumor types. Aberrant stromal localization of syndecan-1 is also considered an unfavorable prognostic factor in various human malignancies. In the presented work the question was addressed if changes in syndecan-1 expression are related to the prognosis of cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry for syndecan-1 extracellular domain was performed on surgical specimens of primary cervical cancer. To follow the communication between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts, their mono-and co-cultures were studied, detecting the expression of syndecan-1, smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and desmin. Immunohistochemistry of tumorous specimens revealed that while cell surface syndecan-1 expression was reduced on cancer cells, it appeared on the surface of tumor-associated fibroblasts. Until year 7, the cohort with high cell surface syndecan-1 expression had significantly longer survival. No difference in the same time-period could be detected when stromal syndecan-1 expression was analyzed. In vitro analysis revealed, that tumor cells can induce syndecan-1 expression on fibroblast, and fibroblasts showed that fibroblast-like cells are built by two cell types: (a) syndecan-1 positive, cytokeratin negative real fibroblasts, and (b) syndecan-1 and cytokeratin positive epithelial-mesenchymal transformed tumor cells. Syndecan-1 on the surface of cancer cells appears to be a positive prognostic marker. Although syndecan-1 positive fibroblasts promote tumor cell proliferation in vitro, we failed to detect their cancer promoting effect in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Karászi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Renáta Vigh
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Miklós Máthé
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Fullár
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Lászlóné Oláh
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Tibor Füle
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, H-1082, Budapest, Hungary.,Maternity Obstetrics and Gynecology Private Clinic, H-1126, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prevalence of Syndecan-1 (CD138) Expression in Different Kinds of Human Tumors and Normal Tissues. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:4928315. [PMID: 31976021 PMCID: PMC6954471 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4928315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (CD138) is a transmembrane proteoglycan known to be expressed in various normal and malignant tissues. It is of interest because of a possible prognostic role of differential expression in tumors and its role as a target for indatuximab, a monoclonal antibody coupled with a cytotoxic agent. To comprehensively analyze CD138 in normal and neoplastic tissues, we used tissue microarrays (TMAs) for analyzing immunohistochemically detectable CD138 expression in 2,518 tissue samples from 85 different tumor entities and 76 different normal tissue types. The data showed that CD138 expression is abundant in tumors. At least an occasional weak CD138 immunostaining could be detected in 71 of 82 (87%) different tumor types, and 58 entities (71%) had at least one tumor with a strong positivity. In normal tissues, a particularly strong expression was found in normal squamous epithelium of various organs, goblet and columnar cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and in hepatocytes. The highly standardized analysis of most human cancer types resulted in a ranking order of tumors according to the frequency and levels of CD138 expression. CD138 immunostaining was highest in squamous cell carcinomas such as from the esophagus (100%), cervix uteri (79.5%), lung (85.7%), vagina (89.7%) or vulva (73.3%), and in invasive urothelial cancer (76.2%). In adenocarcinomas, CD138 was also high in lung (82.9%) and colorectal cancer (85.3%) but often lower in pancreas (73.3%), stomach (54.2% in intestinal type), or prostate carcinomas (16.3%). CD138 expression was usually low or absent in germ cell tumors, sarcomas, endocrine tumors including thyroid cancer, and neuroendocrine tumors. In summary, the preferential expression in squamous cell carcinomas of various sites makes these cancers prime targets for anti-CD138 treatments once these might become available. Abundant expression in many different normal tissues might pose obstacles to exploiting CD138 as a therapeutic target, however.
Collapse
|
4
|
Reyes I, Reyes N, Suriano R, Iacob C, Suslina N, Policastro A, Moscatello A, Schantz S, Tiwari RK, Geliebter J. Gene expression profiling identifies potential molecular markers of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2019; 24:71-83. [PMID: 30614796 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-181758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy worldwide, with the predominant form papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) representing approximately 80% of cases. OBJECTIVE This study was addressed to identify potential genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of PTC and potential novel biomarkers for this disease. METHODS Gene expression profiling was carried out by DNA microarray technology. Validation of microarray data by qRT-PCR, western blot, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was also performed in a selected set of genes and gene products, with the potential to be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, such as those associated with cell adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and immune/inflammatory response. RESULTS In this study we found that upregulation of extracellular activities, such as proteoglycans, ECM-receptor interaction, and cell adhesion molecules, were the most prominent feature of PTC. Significantly over-expressed genes included SDC1 (syndecan 1), SDC4 (syndecan 4), KLK7 (kallikrein-related peptidase 7), KLK10 (kallikrein-related peptidase 10), SLPI (secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor), GDF15 (growth/differentiation factor-15), ALOX5 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase), SFRP2 (secreted Frizzled-related protein 2), among others. Further, elevated KLK10 levels were detected in patients with PTC. Many of these genes belong to KEGG pathway "Proteoglycans in cancer". CONCLUSIONS Using DNA microarray analysis allowed the identification of genes and pathways with known important roles in malignant transformation, and also the discovery of novel genes that may be potential biomarkers for PTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Niradiz Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | | | - Codrin Iacob
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nina Suslina
- New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Policastro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Augustine Moscatello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | | | - Raj K Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jan Geliebter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Matos LL, Suarez ER, Theodoro TR, Trufelli DC, Melo CM, Garcia LF, Oliveira OCG, Matos MGL, Kanda JL, Nader HB, Martins JRM, Pinhal MAS. The Profile of Heparanase Expression Distinguishes Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma from Benign Neoplasms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141139. [PMID: 26488476 PMCID: PMC4619411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The search for a specific marker that could help to distinguish between differentiated thyroid carcinoma and benign lesions remains elusive in clinical practice. Heparanase (HPSE) is an endo-beta-glucoronidase implicated in the process of tumor invasion, and the heparanase-2 (HPSE2) modulates HPSE activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of heparanases in the development and differential diagnosis of follicular pattern thyroid lesions. Methods HPSE and HPSE2 expression by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry evaluation, western blot analysis and HPSE enzymatic activity were evaluated. Results The expression of heparanases by qRT-PCR showed an increase of HPSE2 in thyroid carcinoma (P = 0.001). HPSE activity was found to be higher in the malignant neoplasms than in the benign tumors (P<0.0001). On Western blot analysis, HPSE2 isoforms were detected only in malignant tumors. The immunohistochemical assay allowed us to establish a distinct pattern for malignant and benign tumors. Carcinomas showed a typical combination of positive labeling for neoplastic cells and negative immunostaining in colloid, when compared to benign tumors (P<0.0001). The proposed diagnostic test presents sensitivity and negative predictive value of around 100%, showing itself to be an accurate test for distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions. Conclusions This study shows, for the first time, a distinct profile of HPSE expression in thyroid carcinoma suggesting its role in carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Luongo Matos
- Biochemistry Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LLM); (JRMM)
| | - Eloah Rabello Suarez
- Biochemistry Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jossi Ledo Kanda
- Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - João Roberto Maciel Martins
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Endocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Discipline, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (LLM); (JRMM)
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Biochemistry Department, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Syndecan-1 in Cancer: Implications for Cell Signaling, Differentiation, and Prognostication. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:796052. [PMID: 26420915 PMCID: PMC4569789 DOI: 10.1155/2015/796052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1, a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is critically involved in the differentiation and prognosis of various tumors. In this review, we highlight the synthesis, cellular interactions, and the signalling pathways regulated by syndecan-1. The basal syndecan-1 level is also crucial for understanding the sequential changes involving malignant transformation, tumor progression, and advanced or disseminated cancer stages. Moreover, we focus on the cellular localization of this proteoglycan as cell membrane anchored and/or shed, soluble syndecan-1 with stromal or nuclear accumulation and how this may carry different, highly tissue specific prognostic information for individual tumor types.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim SY, Choi EJ, Yun JA, Jung ES, Oh ST, Kim JG, Kang WK, Lee SH. Syndecan-1 expression is associated with tumor size and EGFR expression in colorectal carcinoma: a clinicopathological study of 230 cases. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:92-9. [PMID: 25589885 PMCID: PMC4293174 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.10497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syndecan-1 (SDC1) is reported to modulate several key processes of tumorigenesis and has variable expression in many cancers. To date, the cause of altered expression has not been elucidated. In this study, we compared SDC1 expression with various clinicopathological parameters and molecular markers to evaluate its clinical significance in colorectal carcinoma. METHODS We screened for SDC1 expression using immunohistochemistry in 230 surgical specimens of primary colorectal carcinoma from patients consecutively treated between 2008 and 2011 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea. The relationship between SDC1 expression and various clinicopathological parameters and molecular markers was analyzed. RESULTS The tumors were principally located in the left colon (71.3%) and rectum (33.5%). There were 216 (93.9%) adenocarcinomas, 10 (4.3%) mucinous adenocarcinomas, and 4 other tumors. Most of the carcinomas were pT3 (68.3%) and pT4 (22.2%). There was regional lymph node metastasis in 140 patients. SDC1 expression was identified in the cancer cells of 212 (96.8%) colon cancer cases. Of the SDC1-positive cases, 131 showed predominantly membranous immunopositivity, and 81 showed a predominantly cytoplasmic staining pattern. Mixed membranous and cytoplasmic staining was observed in 154 cases. In 93 cases, stromal SDC1 reactivity was noted. Epithelial SDC1 immunopositivity was significantly associated with tumor size (p=0.016) and epidermal growth factor receptor expression (p=0.006). However, it was not significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, lymphatic or vascular invasion, or KRAS mutation. In addition, stromal SDC1 immunopositivity was significantly associated with the male sex (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS The expression profile of SDC1 may be of clinical value in colorectal cancer and may help in identifying aggressive forms of colorectal carcinoma. Further studies are needed in order to better understand the role of SDC1 in the progression and invasiveness of colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Young Kim
- 1. Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Choi
- 1. Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong A Yun
- 1. Department of Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- 2. Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Seung Taek Oh
- 3. Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jun Gi Kim
- 3. Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Won Kyung Kang
- 3. Department of Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- 2. Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine, Seocho-gu Banpodaero 222, Seoul 137-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boeddeker SJ, Baston-Buest DM, Altergot-Ahmad O, Kruessel JS, Hess AP. Syndecan-1 knockdown in endometrial epithelial cells alters their apoptotic protein profile and enhances the inducibility of apoptosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:567-78. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
9
|
Prognostic significance of syndecan-1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. Int J Clin Oncol 2013; 19:247-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
10
|
Aratake Y, Marutsuka K, Kiyoyama K, Kuribayashi T, Miyamoto T, Yakushiji K, Ohno S, Miyake Y, Sakaguchi T, Kobayashi TK, Okayama A, Tamura K, Ohno E. EMMPRIN (CD147) expression and differentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma: implications for immunocytochemistry in FNA cytology. Cytopathology 2010; 21:103-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2009.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
11
|
Kim H, Choi DS, Chang SJ, Han JH, Min CK, Chang KH, Ryu HS. The expression of syndecan-1 is related to the risk of endometrial hyperplasia progressing to endometrial carcinoma. J Gynecol Oncol 2010; 21:50-5. [PMID: 20379448 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2010.21.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrant expression of the cell surface proteoglycan, syndecan-1, is found in many malignancies. The current study describes the immunohistochemical study of syndecan-1 expression in normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrial tissues for evaluation of application as a parameter of cancer progression in patients with endometrial hyperplasia. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of syndecan-1 was performed in 101 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections of normal, hyperplastic, and malignant endometrial tissues. We analyzed specimens from patients with normal endometrium (NE, N=10) as controls, and those of simple hyperplasia (SH, N=20), complex hyperplasia without atypia (CH, N=20), atypical hyperplasia (AH, N=20), and endometrial cancer (EC, N=31). RESULTS The mean rank of expression scores based on the frequency of syndecan-1 staining were 31.6, 20.5, 52.9, 72.1, and 62.1 for NE, SH, CH, AH and EC, respectively (p<0.001). Syndecan-1 expression was significantly greater in CH (p<0.001) or AH (p<0.001) than in SH, and significantly greater in AH compared to CH (p=0.028). Syndecan-1 is more frequently expressed in CH (p=0.042), AH (p<0.001), or EC (p=0.002) than in NE. Syndecan-1 expression did not differ significantly between NE and SH (p=0.248). CONCLUSION Syndecan-1 expression appears to be useful as a predictive indicator in endometrial hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bologna-Molina R, González-González R, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Molina-Frechero N, Damián-Matsumura P, Dominguez-Malagón H. Expression of syndecan-1 in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid with extracapsular invasion. Arch Med Res 2010; 41:33-7. [PMID: 20430252 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a member of the family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans, which are involved in cell-cell adhesion and the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix. Evidence suggests that loss of SDC-1 expression in several benign and malignant epithelial neoplasms is an unfavorable prognostic indicator, but its expression profile in thyroid gland neoplasms remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate SDC-1 expression in papillary carcinomas of the thyroid (PCT) that were both larger and smaller (papillary microcarcinoma) than 10mm, with or without extracapsular extension (PCT-E and PCT-NE). METHODS The expression of SDC-1 was studied in 62 cases of PCT-E and PCT-NE using a tissue microarrays technique (TMA). SDC-1 positivity was predominantly observed in the cytoplasm of neoplastic epithelial cells and in the stroma of PCT. RESULTS SDC-1 is expressed in both neoplastic epithelial cells and the stroma. It is more frequently expressed in PCT-E than PCT-NE (p=0.002) and the stromal expression of SDC-1 is more intense in PCT-E that are >10 mm (p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS The epithelial and stromal expression of SDC-1 observed in this series of PCT suggests that the expression of this protein may be related to extracapsular invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brimo F, Vollmer RT, Friszt M, Corcos J, Bismar TA. Syndecan-1 expression in prostate cancer and its value as biomarker for disease progression. BJU Int 2009; 106:418-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2009.09099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
14
|
Ohashi M, Kusumi T, Sato F, Kudo Y, Jin H, Akasaka H, Miyamoto K, Toyoki Y, Hakamada K, Kijima H. Expression of syndecan-1 and E-cadherin is inversely correlated with poor patient's prognosis and recurrent status of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Biomed Res 2009; 30:79-86. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.30.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
15
|
Ramalingam P, Adeagbo B, Bollag R, Lee J, Reid-Nicholson M. Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma with CD138 positivity: an unusual mimic of multiple myeloma? Diagn Cytopathol 2008; 36:742-8. [PMID: 18773447 DOI: 10.1002/dc.20888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
CD138 is a monoclonal anti-syndecan-1 antibody that is often used to identify plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Several carcinomas may also express CD138 including prostate, colon, renal cell, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We report a case of metastatic HCC that presented as a soft tissue mass on the back of a 67-year-old male. Based on the clinical and radiologic findings, MM was strongly suspected. In addition, fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the mass revealed neoplastic cells that were positive for CD138, both by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and flow cytometry. The cytomorphologic features however did not support a diagnosis of MM, but were consistent with metastatic HCC. Our case highlights the potential problems that may arise by over-reliance on IHC and flow cytometry. Careful morphologic assessment as well as clinical and radiologic correlation are very important when evaluating any CD138-positive neoplasm. This approach should improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce the risk of erroneous interpretation of aberrant IHC results. In addition, we examined the expression of CD138 in known cases of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Ramalingam
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Burniat A, Jin L, Detours V, Driessens N, Goffard JC, Santoro M, Rothstein J, Dumont JE, Miot F, Corvilain B. Gene expression in RET/PTC3 and E7 transgenic mouse thyroids: RET/PTC3 but not E7 tumors are partial and transient models of human papillary thyroid cancers. Endocrinology 2008; 149:5107-17. [PMID: 18583418 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied gene expression profiles in two mouse models of human thyroid carcinoma: the Tg-RET/PTC3 (RP3) and Tg-E7 mice. RP3 fusion gene is the most frequent mutation found in the first wave post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs). E7 is an oncoprotein derived from the human papillomavirus 16 responsible for most cervical carcinoma in women. Both transgenic mice develop thyroid hyperplasia followed by solid differentiated carcinoma in older animals. To understand the different steps leading to carcinoma, we analyzed thyroid gene expression in both strains at different ages by microarray technology. Important biological processes were differentially regulated in the two tumor types. In E7 thyroids, cell cycle was the most up-regulated process, an observation consistent with the huge size of these tumors. In RP3 thyroids, contrary to E7 tumors, several human PTC characteristics were observed: overexpression of many immune-related genes, regulation of human PTC markers, up-regulation of EGF-like growth factors and significant regulation of angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling-related genes. However, similarities were incomplete; they did not concern the overall gene expression and were not conserved in old animals. Therefore, RP3 tumors are partial and transient models of human PTC. They constitute a good model, especially in young animals, to study the respective role of the biological processes shared with human PTC and will allow testing drugs targeting these validated variables.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/physiopathology
- Cell Cycle/physiology
- Cell Division/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Space
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
- Phenotype
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics
- Thyroid Gland/immunology
- Thyroid Gland/pathology
- Thyroid Gland/physiology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Up-Regulation/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Burniat
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, School of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tepmongkol S, Keelawat S, Honsawek S, Ruangvejvorachai P. Rosiglitazone effect on radioiodine uptake in thyroid carcinoma patients with high thyroglobulin but negative total body scan: a correlation with the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Thyroid 2008; 18:697-704. [PMID: 18630997 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2008.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid carcinoma patients with high thyroglobulin (Tg) level but negative total body scan (TBS) are difficult to treat with radioiodine (RAI). The objective of this study was to determine if treatment with rosiglitazone (RZ), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist, was associated with an increase in RAI uptake in thyroid carcinoma patients with high serum Tg and negative TBSs. We also determined if there was a correspondence between the effect of RZ and the degree of staining for PPAR-gamma within thyroid cancer tissues. METHODS We prescribed 8 mg of RZ daily for 6 weeks in 23 patients with epithelial cell thyroid carcinoma who previously had negative posttherapeutic I-131 total body scans (post Rx TBSs) with high serum Tg concentrations. Diagnostic total body scans (Dx TBSs) before and 6 weeks after RZ treatment were compared. An ablative dose of I-131 was then given to all patients, and post Rx TBS was performed to evaluate RAI uptake. Immunohistochemical staining of PPAR-gamma expression in thyroid cancer biopsies was done to correlate this with possible effects of RZ on RAI uptake. RESULTS Seven patients had strong PPAR-gamma-positive staining in thyroid biopsies, nine patients had weakly positive staining, and seven patients had negative staining. Five of seven patients with strong staining had either positive post Rx TBS, or both Dx TBS and post Rx TBS. One of nine patients with weak staining had positive Dx TBS and post Rx TBS. In contrast, none of the seven patients with negative staining had positive TBS. CONCLUSIONS RZ can increase RAI uptake in thyroid tissue in the majority of patients with epithelial cell thyroid carcinoma whose previous posttherapeutic I-131 scans were negative provided they have high intensity and extent of PPAR-gamma expression in thyroid tissue. Few, if any, patients with weak or no PPAR-gamma expression in thyroid cancer tissue increase RAI uptake after RZ treatment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biopsy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/blood
- Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/blood
- Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Humans
- Iodine/pharmacokinetics
- Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone
- Thiazolidinediones/therapeutic use
- Thyroglobulin/blood
- Thyroid Neoplasms/blood
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Whole Body Imaging
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Supatporn Tepmongkol
- Division of Nuclear medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tátrai P, Dudás J, Batmunkh E, Máthé M, Zalatnai A, Schaff Z, Ramadori G, Kovalszky I. Agrin, a novel basement membrane component in human and rat liver, accumulates in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2006; 86:1149-60. [PMID: 16983329 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrin is a multifunctional heparan sulfate proteoglycan originally discovered in the neuromuscular junctions and later observed in numerous other localizations. The presence of agrin in the liver, either healthy or diseased, has formerly not been reported. We detected agrin in minor amounts in the basement membranes of blood vessels and bile ducts in the healthy liver. The proliferation of bile ductules and the formation of new septal blood vessels in liver cirrhosis, as well as neoangiogenesis in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) result in a dramatic increase in the quantity of agrin. Vascular and peribiliary basement membranes were strongly immunopositive for agrin in 29/29 human liver specimens with cirrhosis and HCC. However, sinusoidal walls of regenerative nodules in the cirrhotic liver consistently remained negative. Given the selectivity of agrin for tumor microvessels, agrin immunohistochemistry may prove helpful in recognizing malignant transformation in cirrhotic livers. Similar immunohistochemical observations were made on the liver of rats exposed to a combined cirrhosis/HCC induction treatment. In both human and rats, agrin probably originates from activated myofibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells and biliary epithelial cells. Increased agrin expression in human specimens, in the liver of 4/4 treated rats, as well as in isolated rat liver mesenchymal cells was verified by quantitative RT-PCR. Considering that agrin binds various growth factors, and it directly interacts with cell membrane receptors such as alphav-integrins, we hypothesize a stimulatory role for agrin in neoangiogenic processes such as tumor vascularization, and a supportive role in bile ductule proliferation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Agrin/analysis
- Agrin/genetics
- Agrin/metabolism
- Animals
- Basement Membrane/chemistry
- Basement Membrane/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism
- Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kupffer Cells/metabolism
- Kupffer Cells/pathology
- Liver/chemistry
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Microcirculation/metabolism
- Microcirculation/pathology
- Muscle Cells/metabolism
- Muscle Cells/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Péter Tátrai
- 11st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen CL, Ou DL. Expression of syndecan-1 (CD138) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. Hum Pathol 2006; 37:1279-85. [PMID: 16949936 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2006] [Revised: 04/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an important Epstein-Barr virus-associated head and neck malignancy in Taiwan. Syndecan-1 (CD138) is involved in growth, differentiation, invasiveness, and metastatic potential of certain tumors, but its expression in NPC has never been studied. In this study, detection of expression of syndecan-1 protein and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) in primary, recurrent, and metastatic NPC specimens in paraffin sections was performed by immunohistochemistry. The quantity of syndecan-1 messenger RNA in tumor cells was investigated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using laser capture microdissection. The results of immunohistochemical staining of syndecan-1 and LMP-1 correlated with clinicopathologic features of NPC. Eighteen (20.9%) of 86 primary, 9 (24.3%) of 37 recurrent, and 15 (44.1%) of 34 metastatic NPC samples were positive for syndecan-1, and 37 (43.0%) primary, 18 (48.6%) recurrent, and 12 (35.3%) metastatic samples were positive for LMP-1 expression. Primary NPCs with syndecan-1 protein expression were more frequently associated with advanced clinical stages and worse 5-year survival rates than those without (P = .015 and P = .0021, respectively). Conversely, the LMP-1 expression did not correlate with tumor stage or prognosis but occurred more often in nonkeratinizing carcinoma than keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (unpublished observation). The inverse expression of syndecan-1 and LMP-1 was noted in primary NPC specimens (total 4/18 versus 35/68, P = .05). The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed low syndecan-1 messenger RNA levels in both primary and metastatic NPC. In conclusion, the protein expression of syndecan-1 in 21% of primary NPC was associated with advanced disease and poor prognosis, and the protein expression correlated with transcription levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital and Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maeda T, Desouky J, Friedl A. Syndecan-1 expression by stromal fibroblasts promotes breast carcinoma growth in vivo and stimulates tumor angiogenesis. Oncogene 2006; 25:1408-12. [PMID: 16247452 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The induction of the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc1) in stromal fibroblasts is observed in more than 70% of human breast carcinomas. Using a coculture model, we have recently shown that stromal cell-derived Sdc1 stimulates carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro, and that this activity requires Sdc1 glycanation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of stromal cell Sdc1 on breast carcinoma growth in vivo. MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma cells were inoculated into the flanks of athymic nude mice either alone, or as mixed suspensions with Sdc1-transfected or mock-transfected 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. The mixed tumors showed an intimate association between carcinoma cells and stromal fibroblasts and histologically closely resembled poorly differentiated human breast carcinomas. The presence of fibroblasts led to significantly accelerated tumor growth, which was further augmented (88% increase) by forced expression of stromal Sdc1. The hyperemic macroscopic appearance of tumors containing Sdc1-positive stromal cells contrasted with pale tumors developing in the presence of mock-transfected fibroblasts, which prompted us to examine tumor microvessels. Stromal Sdc1 expression was associated with a significantly elevated microvessel density (36% increase) and a larger vessel area (153% increase). To evaluate the relevance of this finding in human breast cancer, the relationship between stromal Sdc1 and tumor vascularity was also examined in a tissue array containing 207 human breast carcinoma samples. Similar to the xenografts, stromal Sdc1 expression correlated with both vessel density (P=0.013) and total vessel area (P=0.0026). In conclusion, stromal fibroblast-derived Sdc1 stimulates breast carcinoma growth and angiogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Máthé M, Suba Z, Németh Z, Tátrai P, Füle T, Borgulya G, Barabás J, Kovalszky I. Stromal syndecan-1 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in oral carcinomas. Oral Oncol 2005; 42:493-500. [PMID: 16364677 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 09/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Syndecan-1, a transmembrane proteoglycan, may exert anti-proliferative effects and promote cell growth by binding various growth factors. Malignant epithelial cells often down-regulate their own syndecan-1 production, and are capable of inducing an aberrant syndecan-1 expression in stromal fibroid cells. Decreased tumor cell syndecan-1 levels in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas indicate poor prognosis, however, no correlation between stromal syndecan-1 expression and clinical parameters has previously been established. By means of immunohistochemistry, we observed a decrease in tumor cell syndecan-1 reactivity in 33/39 oral carcinoma cases, the degree of which, however, correlated only weakly with the clinical outcome (p = 0.097). Conversely, stromal syndecan-1 positivity proved to be a significant risk factor of recurrence (Cox analysis, p = 0.03) and tumor-specific death (p = 0.023) within a 24-month period after operation. Taken together, stromal expression of syndecan-1 is a reliable factor of adverse prognosis in oral carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Máthé
- 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang MF, Zhu YQ, Chen ZF, Xiao J, Huang X, Xiong YY, Yang GF. Syndecan-1 and E-cadherin expression in differentiated type of early gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:2975-80. [PMID: 15902740 PMCID: PMC4305671 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i19.2975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To elucidate the role and alterations of syndecan-1 and E-cadherin expression in different cellular phenotypes of differentiated-type gastric cancers (DGCs).
METHODS: A total of 120 DGCs at an early stage, and their adjacent mucosa, were studied both by immunohis-tochemistry. Syndecan-1 and E-cadherin were assessed by immunohistochemical staining with anti-syndecan-1 and anti-E-cadherin antibodies, respectively. Based on immunohistochemistry, DGCs and their surrounding mucosa were divided into four types: gastric type (G-type), ordinary type (O-type), complete-intestinal type (CI-type), and null type (N-type).
RESULTS: Syndecan-1 expression was significantly lower in G-type cancers (29.4%) than in O-type (79.6%) and CI-type cancers (90%) (P<0.05, respectively), but E-cadherin did not show this result. In addition, syndecan-1 expression was significantly reduced in DGCs comprised partly of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma, compared to DGCs demonstrating papillary and/or tubular adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). G-type intestinal metaplasia (IM) surrounding the tumors was observed in 23.8% of G-type, 4.9% of O-type, and 6.7% of CI-type cancers (P<0.05; G-type vs O-type). Reduction of syndecan-1 expression was significant in G-type IM (25%) compared to non-G-type IM (75%; P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: Loss of syndecan-1 plays a role in the growth of G-type cancers of DGCs at an early stage, and the reduction of syndecan-1 expression in IM surrounding the tumors may influence the growth of G-type cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fang Huang
- Department of Digestive Disease, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|