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Gupta S, Gupta S, Sharma R, Ghosh S, Kumar J, Jha A. Imaging findings of orofacial cysticercosis: report of 5 cases with review of literature. Oral Radiol 2024; 40:81-91. [PMID: 36066814 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-022-00651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis, a fatal disease of parasitic aetiology seen in humans, is caused by ingestion of larvae of Taenia solium in form of raw or poorly cooked pork. Commonly seen in developing countries, it affects the brain, muscle, lungs, heart and liver and is rarely found in the maxillofacial region. Sometimes, the only evidence of cysticercosis could be the cystic swellings or nodules in the maxillofacial region. Such solitary clinical presentation can be diagnosed early with the aid of ultrasound (USG) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here, we present 5 cases of intramuscular cysticercosis of Orofacial region which were initially diagnosed on ultrasonography and later confirmed by MRI and aspiration cytology. We have conducted a systematic review of PubMed Literature for Intramuscular cysticercosis of orofacial region and highlighted key imaging findings from 18 cases retrieved. Through this case series, we highlight the USG and MRI imaging features of intramuscular cysticercosis which are characteristic and diagnostic of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gupta
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ridam Sharma
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Kumar
- Department of Radio-Diagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhishek Jha
- Oral Medicine & Radiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Poudel B, Shrestha S, Bhattarai B, Khatri B, Acharya A, Maharjan B, Pandey RR, Batajoo A, Khadka K, Thapa S, Koirala J. Disseminated cysticercosis with tongue involvement: a rare case report from Nepal. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5704-5708. [PMID: 37915656 PMCID: PMC10617866 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance Cysticercosis is a condition in which humans are infected by the larval form of the pork tapeworm Tenia solium. Cysticercosis in humans is common in the cerebral tissue but rare in the tongue. Case presentation Here, the authors report a rare case of a 38-year-old male with neurocysticercosis and cysticercosis of the tongue. The patient presented with a complaint of loss of consciousness for 4-5 min. Local examination of his oral cavity revealed a swelling of ~2×2 cm on the tongue. An MRI of the brain showed various stages of neurocysticercosis involving the neuroparenchyma and tongue. For this, he was started on low-dose prednisolone of 50 mg tapered over 6 weeks and levetiracetam of 500 mg BD continued for his seizure episodes. He is responding well with the medications and is planned to start antiparasitic agent only after the perilesional edema decreases. Clinical discussion Cysticercosis may involve the central nervous system, muscle, heart, lungs, peritoneum, eye, and subcutaneous tissue. Oral cavity and perioral involvement by cysticercous larva is rare in humans. Radiologic imaging, serology, and tissue biopsy can be used to confirm a diagnosis of cysticercosis. The most common locations for oral cysticercosis are the tongue, buccal mucosa, lower lip, and upper lip.Only 102 cases of oral cysticercosis have been reported based on a PubMed English-language literature search. Conclusion Oral cysticercosis is a rare event, and it represents a difficulty in clinical diagnosis. But a patient with a mass in the tongue should be considered as a possible case of cysticercosis especially in endemic regions like Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Poudel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
| | - Shubham Shrestha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
| | | | - Bishal Khatri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
| | - Anusha Acharya
- Department of Internal Medicine, HAMS Hospital, Kathmandu
| | | | - Rabindra R. Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
| | - Ashim Batajoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
| | - Kishor Khadka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
| | - Suman Thapa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
| | - Janak Koirala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur
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3
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Review of cysticercosis of maxillofacial region and report of two cases. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2022; 123:e760-e769. [PMID: 35858657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, which very rarely manifests in the maxillofacial region. It usually presents as a painless swelling. The most common site for maxillofacial cysticercosis are the tongue and lips. When humans accidently ingest the eggs of Taenia solium, they become the intermediate host, a role which is typically played by pig. This paper describes two cases of cysticercosis cellulosae, presenting as non-tender swelling of left buccal mucosa and left temporalis region respectively. Case reports available on PubMed were searched and a review was performed. Excision of cystic lesion was the treatment modality in majority of published reports. It is emphasised that cysticercosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of solitary painless swellings of oral and maxillofacial region, especially in patients from an endemic region.
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Isolated Cysticercosis of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: Role of Ultrasonography. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021; 2021:7102416. [PMID: 34621553 PMCID: PMC8492260 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is considered a common healthcare problem, especially in developing countries. The invasion of muscle by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium (i.e., Cysticercus cellulosae) usually occurs in association with CNS cysts, concurrent muscle cysts, or both. Isolated skeletal muscle involvement is rare and presents with nonspecific symptoms resulting in a diagnostic dilemma for the treating physician. We report a 20-year-old female with isolated cysticercosis of right sternocleidomastoid muscle presenting as a right neck swelling and mild pain for 4 months, whose diagnosis was established by ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomogram (CT) scan. She was managed conservatively with oral albendazole therapy for four weeks resulting in complete resolution.
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Manikandan G, James V, Chandrasekaran C, Varghese SC. An atypical case of cutaneous cysticercosis in buccal mucosa. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:591. [PMID: 33967524 PMCID: PMC8083424 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_266_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a recognized fatal disease to the humans. Taenia solium, a larval stage of pork tapeworm that causes cysticercosis which is an important cause of morbidity in the world. This case report shows the clinical presentations of an atypical case of cutaneous cysticercosis on the right buccal mucosa and its management. It presents the importance of thorough knowledge, proper investigation, symptomatic management with improved treatment regimens and important role of minimally invasive surgery. Its outcome and the treatment options mainly depend on the number, location, size and stage of parasites, as well as on the immune response of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manikandan
- Department of Dentistry, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Rathinamangalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vandana James
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Rathinamangalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Charanya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Rathinamangalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil Chandy Varghese
- Department of Orthodontics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Rathinamangalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sethi G, Kaur D, Arora N, Sethi D. Lingual Cysticercosis: A Case Series with Review of Literature. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 73:116-119. [PMID: 33643888 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a condition in which humans are infected by the larval form of Pork Tapeworm Taenia solium. Isolated lingual cysticercosis is a rare entity due to the high muscular activity and metabolic rate of tongue which prevents the development of larva. We present a series of three patients with isolated lingual cysticercosis. One patient was treated by medical management while the other two were treated with surgical excision followed by medical therapy. All patients are asymptomatic after repeated follow ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyanesh Sethi
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital and Medical College, Sector-6, Rohini, Delhi 110085 India
| | - Daljeet Kaur
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital and Medical College, Sector-6, Rohini, Delhi 110085 India
| | - Nikhil Arora
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital and Medical College, Sector-6, Rohini, Delhi 110085 India
| | - Deepika Sethi
- Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital and Medical College, Sector-6, Rohini, Delhi 110085 India
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Abstract
Cysticercosis is a systemic parasitic disease caused by larval stage of Taenia solium. It is the most common parasitic disease worldwide. It is potentially a dangerous systemic disease with variable clinical manifestations. It can be diagnosed by radiological imaging and serology but demonstration of parasitic larva by cytology or histopathology is still the gold standard. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in prompt diagnosis of this disease. Aim To study the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of cysticercosis. Materials and Methods This study included 30 patients presenting with palpable subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules at different sites. Fine needle aspiration was performed on these lesions and cytological features were analyzed. Subsequent excision biopsy was evaluated wherever possible. Results Thirty patients in the age group of 7-80 years presenting with subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules at various sites were studied. Majority of the patients were males. The most commonly affected sites were upper and lower extremities and abdominal wall. Most of the cases were clinically misdiagnosed as lipomas, neurofibromas, lymphadenitis, epidermal inclusion cyst, sialadenitis, and soft tissue tumors. On cytological examination of aspirate from the lesions, fragments of parasite were seen in a background of mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. Histopathological correlation was available in 17 cases. Conclusion FNAC is a simple, sensitive, cost-effective, and rapid diagnostic tool for diagnosis of cysticercosis as cytological diagnosis is quite clear where the actual parasitic structures are identified in the smear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Bhardwaj
- Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gousia Rather
- Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Oral Cysticercosis: A Case Series and Review of Literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:2572-2576. [PMID: 30098957 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The cysticercus is the larval form of the pork tapeworm. Oral cavity involvement of cysticercosis is rare but frequently reported from developing countries. This report presents 3 cases of oral cysticercosis involving the tongue and buccal mucosa in isolation. All 3 patients were treated with surgical excision and had an uneventful postoperative course. A brief review of the PubMed English-language literature search is presented. Oral cavity involvement with cysticercosis presents a diagnostic dilemma. Management is primarily surgical and carries an excellent prognosis.
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Singh S, Singh AK, Sharma NK, Pandey A. Solitary myocysticercosis of masseter muscle: A rare presentation. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2018; 9:229-231. [PMID: 30546241 PMCID: PMC6251284 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_18_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis in human is caused by larva of cyclophyllid cestode named Taenia solium. Worm infestation is quite common in developing countries due to poor sanitation, habit of open defection. This condition primarily involves central nervous system. We present a rare case of myocysticercosis involving the masseter muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Pandey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pujani M, Hassan MJ, Khan S, Jetley S. Isolated lingual cysticercosis: A rare case diagnosed on cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 46:277-279. [PMID: 28994510 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is caused by larval stage of Taenia solium called cysticercus cellulosae. Cysticercosis most commonly infects skeletal muscles, subcutaneous tissues, brain and ocular tissue. On extensive search of literature, only around 64 cases of lingual cysticercosis have been reported till date. We report a case of cysticercosis of tongue in a 35-year-old male who presented with a painless, slowly growing swelling over the lateral border of tongue. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed wavy integument of cysticercus cellulosae alongwith inflammatory cells. The findings were confirmed on histopathology. No other cystic swelling was encountered in the body on retrospective examination and investigations. This case is being presented on account of its rarity as well as the utility of FNAC as a primary diagnostic technique in evaluation of parasitic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukta Pujani
- Dept of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad
| | - Mohd Jaseem Hassan
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sabina Khan
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Jetley
- Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (HIMSR), New Delhi, India
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Sandhu VK, Sharma U, Singh N, Goyal G. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of cysticercosis in submandibular gland. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2017; 21:264-266. [PMID: 28932037 PMCID: PMC5596678 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_140_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has emerged as simple, minimally invasive, low-cost, outpatient diagnostic modality for the evaluation of nodules caused by parasites. Cysticercosis is caused by larval stage of Taenia solium, pork tapeworm. It is endemic in Southeast Asia, Latin America and South Africa. We report a case of cysticercosis in a 25-year-old male who presented with painless swelling of submandibular gland which was diagnosed on FNAC. The patient was recommended antihelminthic therapy which resulted in complete resolution of the swelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneet Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Upender Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Navtej Singh
- Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Geetika Goyal
- Department of Pathology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Goenka P, Sarawgi A, Asopa K, Gumber P, Dutta S. Oral Cysticercosis in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report with Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016; 9:156-61. [PMID: 27365940 PMCID: PMC4921888 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a condition in which a human acts as the intermediate host of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Although cysticercosis is a common disease in some regions of the world and can occur in any body site, oral lesions are rare. In this report, we document the case of oral cysticercosis in a 10-year-old boy who sought treatment for an asymptomatic nodule on the dorsal surface of the tongue. A detailed history, thorough clinical examination, morphological appearance and the histopathologic findings of the excised cyst formed the basis for the diagnosis of the lesion. How to cite this article: Goenka P, Sarawgi A, Asopa K, Gumber P, Dutta S. Oral Cysticercosis in a Pediatric Patient: A Rare Case Report with Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(2):156-161.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Goenka
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aditi Sarawgi
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kirti Asopa
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Parvind Gumber
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Mahatma Gandhi Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Samir Dutta
- Senior Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Government Dental College Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Goyal S, Sharma S, Diwaker P. Diagnostic role and limitations of FNAC in oral and jaw swellings. Diagn Cytopathol 2015; 43:810-8. [PMID: 26173640 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of oral lesions has not been widely utilized for diagnosis due to rarity and diversity of lesions, peculiar anatomy of maxillofacial region, difficulty in aspirating these lesions, and limited experience. Aim of this study was to determine the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of oral and jaw swellings. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and forty two patients underwent FNAC over a period of 7 years (2007-2013), of which 127 (89.4%) aspirates were diagnostic. Histopathologic correlation was available in 83 cases and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was calculated. RESULTS Of the minor salivary gland lesions, 41 out of 55 lesions (74.5%) were benign and 14 (25.4%) were malignant. Mucocele was the most common lesion in oral cavity (30 cases) and pleomorphic adenoma was the commonest salivary gland neoplasm (9 cases). Of the 72 non-salivary-gland lesions, 22 lesions were inflammatory, 4 were epidermal inclusion cysts, 21 were neoplastic, and the remaining 25 presented as radiolucent jaw bone lesions. Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in our study was 91.6% with 6 false negatives and 1 false positive. Four glandular malignancies and one case of cystic ameloblastoma were misdiagnosed as false negative on cytology. CONCLUSION Cytological features are diagnostic in certain inflammatory lesions of infective etiology and neoplastic conditions like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphoma, plasmacytoma, Ewing's tumor, and squamous cell carcinoma. However, accurate subtyping of giant cell lesions, salivary gland tumors, odontogenic tumors, and cystic lesions may not be always feasible on FNAC. FNAC is highly accurate in early diagnosis of oral and jaw lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Goyal
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Preeti Diwaker
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
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Kala P, Khare P. Fine-needle aspiration cytology as a diagnostic modality for cysticercosis: A clinicocytological study of 137 cases. J Cytol 2014; 31:68-72. [PMID: 25210232 PMCID: PMC4159899 DOI: 10.4103/0970-9371.138665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysticercosis, a parasitic tissue infection caused by the larva of Taenia solium, is quite a common disease in our part of the world, but its incidence is often underestimated. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in early detection of this disease, especially when the lesion is located in anatomically approachable superficial locations. AIMS The aim was to study role of FNAC in the diagnosis of cysticercosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, the data of 137 patients with palpable nodules, who were diagnosed as having or suspicious of cysticercosis on FNAC, were retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS In 129 (94.2%) cases, a definitive diagnosis of cysticercosis was obtained in the form of parts of parasite tegument, hooklets, parenchymatous portion and calcareous corpuscles. In the background, giant cells, mixed inflammatory cells, and epithelioid cells were present. In remaining 8 (5.8%) cases, larval fragments could not be identified on the aspirates, and the diagnosis of parasitic inflammation was suggested on the basis of other cytological findings such as clear fluid aspirate, presence of eosinophils, histiocytes, foreign body giant cells, a typical granular dirty background, etc. Follow-up biopsy in these 8 cases confirmed the diagnosis of cysticercosis in 7 (87.5%) while in 1 (12.5%) case, histopathology was suggestive of parasitic cyst. CONCLUSION Fine-needle aspiration cytology in cysticercosis is a low-cost outpatient procedure. The cytological diagnosis is quite straightforward in cases where the actual parasite structures are identified in the smears. In other cases, a cytological diagnosis of suspicious of cysticercosis can be given if the cytological findings suggest the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Kala
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Khare
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi, India
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15
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Pichare AP, Rujuta AV, Sanjeevani M, Baradkar VP. Lingual cysticercosis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 32:185-7. [PMID: 24713912 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.129828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hassona Y, Scully C, Delgado-Azanero W, de Almeida OP. Oral helminthic infestations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:99-107. [PMID: 24574305 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral infections caused by helminths (worms) are rarely encountered in clinical practice, and consequently, there is a paucity of information in the medical and dental literature about these conditions. In the present article, we review the English literature related to oral helminthic infestations. The main oral infections caused by helminths include four roundworm (trichinosis, trichuriasis, filariasis, and larva migrans) and three tapeworm infections (cysticercosis, sparganosis, and echinococcosis). Cases are mainly encountered in endemic areas and mainly present a benign clinical picture. The diagnosis of oral helminthic infections is mostly established after histopathological examination, which shows parasitic larvae lined by fibrous tissue and inflammatory cells. Surgical excision is the preferred treatment of isolated oral lesions caused by helminths; however, patients should undergo thorough medical evaluation to exclude the possible involvement of other body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan Hassona
- Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Pathology and Periodontics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health-General Health, Oral Medicine, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, Bristol, UK
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Singhal R, Bhagol A, Narwal A, Singh V, Kumar P, Agrawal A. Asymptomatic swelling of the tongue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2014; 117:159-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Krishnamoorthy B, Suma GN, Dhillon M, Srivastava S, Sharma ML, Malik SS. Encysted Tenia solium larva of oral cavity: Case report with review of literature. Contemp Clin Dent 2012; 3:S228-32. [PMID: 23230370 PMCID: PMC3514943 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is caused by the larvae of the pig tapeworm, Tenia solium. Oral cysticercosis is a rare event and is often a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. We report a 12-year-old girl who presented with a single, painless, nodule on the lower lip that was diagnosed as cysticercosis. Current literature on the clinical presentations, investigations, and treatment of the condition has been reviewed in this article. We have also proposed a set of criteria for the diagnosis of oral cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvana Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, ITS- Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
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19
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Gupta D, Goyal AK, Tandon PN, Jurel SK, Srivastava S, Dangi UR, Singh S, Jain R. Platyhelminthes in Tongue—A Rare Case and Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:2605-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Abstract
A 30-year-old female presented with a painless solitary swelling at right lateral border of tongue of 2-month duration. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was nonconclusive. Excision biopsy was done. Histopathology revealed cysticercosis cellulosae and parasite visualized in the slide with tongue muscles. Lingual cysticercosis is rare and therefore its literature is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kinger
- Department of ENT, Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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21
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Alves APNN, Nogueira TNAG, Teixeira MJ, Costa FWG, Sousa FB. Tapeworm infection in the tongue. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2011; 53:299-300. [DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
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22
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Singh S, Chhabra S, Aggarwal G, Kalra R, Duhan A, Sen R. Oral cysticercosis–a rare presentation. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:587-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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23
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Sathe NU, Acharya RG, Patil M, Bhatia A, Chiplunkar D. An unusual case of labial cysticercosis with a natural history. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2011; 2:100-2. [PMID: 22442622 PMCID: PMC3304237 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.85866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a common disease in developing countries. Labial lesions produced by this parasitic infestation are rare. The most frequently involved oral locations are the tongue, labial or buccal mucosa, and mouth floor. We present here a case report of a 33-year-old-female patient from Maharashtra, who reported to our department with a swelling in the left lower lip, which was diagnosed as cysticercosis on histpathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilam U Sathe
- Department of ENT, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
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24
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Virk RS, Panda N, Ghosh S. Mylohyoid Cysticercosis: A Rare Submandibular Mass. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/014556130908801109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is endemic in developing countries such as India. This infection is acquired via ingestion of cysticerci, the larvae of the Taenia solium (tapeworm, or cestode), in uncooked/undercooked pork or fecally contaminated food or water. Although skeletal muscle commonly harbors the cysticerci, we report a case in which they had infested the mylohyoid muscle in the floor of mouth, a site that has not been mentioned previously in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Singh Virk
- From the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Naresh Panda
- From the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Shakuntala Ghosh
- From the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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25
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Subramanian B, Krishnaraj S, Agrawal K, Soundararagavan J. Cysticercosis of the oral cavity: an often misdiagnosed entity. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2008; 122:1005-7. [PMID: 17640427 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215107000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWe present a case report of a single lesion of cysticercosis cellulosae, a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), presenting as a soft tissue swelling of the lower lip. We stress the importance of knowledge about oral manifestations of parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Subramanian
- Department of Dentistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry-605006, India.
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26
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Ribeiro ACP, Luvizotto MC, Soubhia AMP, de Castro AL. Oral cysticercosis: case report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 104:e56-8. [PMID: 17706437 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2007] [Revised: 05/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Frequent in developing countries, cysticercosis is a parasitic infection that rarely involves the mouth. This study reports a case of oral cysticercosis in a 13-year-old female patient who had an asymptomatic nodule in the right labial mucosa. An excisional biopsy was carried out and the histopathologic examination revealed a cystic space containing a Taenia solium larva.
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27
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Coexistence of salivary gland cysticercosis with squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:e47-50. [PMID: 17223588 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation caused by the pork tapeworm larval stage, Cysticercus cellulosae. The majority of the cases present in ocular, cerebral, and subcutaneous locations. We report the presence of cysticercosis inside the submandibular gland in association with squamous cell carcinoma of the inferior alveolar ramus of the mandible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report documenting cysticercosis inside a salivary gland. A 65-year-old male presented with complaints of an ulcerative lesion on the inferior alveolar ramus present for 2 months. Histological examination revealed a keratinizing well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma involving the alveolar margin and mandible. The histopathological examination of the submandibular gland revealed cysticercosis. This case emphasizes the importance of adequate sampling of all the tissues obtained for associated infectious disorders, more so in immunosuppressed patients, which will help the clinician to manage the case appropriately.
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28
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Delgado-Azañero WA, Mosqueda-Taylor A, Carlos-Bregni R, Del Muro-Delgado R, Díaz-Franco MA, Contreras-Vidaurre E. Oral cysticercosis: a collaborative study of 16 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 103:528-33. [PMID: 17395067 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2005] [Revised: 12/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a potentially fatal parasitic disease that rarely involves the oral region in humans. This study includes 21 lesions seen in 16 Latin American patients. There were 8 men and 8 women, with an age range from 6 to 67 years (mean 33.6 years). Most cases appeared as asymptomatic submucosal nodules that resembled mucous cysts or benign mesenchymal neoplasms. Most were found in the tongue (11 cases), followed by buccal mucosa and the lower lip (4 cases each) and upper lip (2 cases). These were well circumscribed, and ranged in size from 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter. Typical histologic features of viable cysticerci were observed in 15 cases, and the presence of colloid degeneration and granular mineralization were detected in only 1 case. In all cases, simple surgical excision was sufficient to ensure complete removal of the lesions without postoperative complications. It is important to carry out a detailed study in every case, in order to exclude the presence of the parasite in other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson A Delgado-Azañero
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Medicine Unite, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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29
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Cysticercosis of tongue - A case report. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2006; 58:185-7. [PMID: 23120281 DOI: 10.1007/bf03050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongue is a rare site for cysticercosis cellulosae. Very few cases of solitary cysticercosis of tongue have been reported. We are reporting one such case. Also a review of reported cases in literature, etoipathogenesis, clinical course and management is being described.
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30
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Jay A, Dhanda J, Chiodini PL, Woodrow CJ, Farthing PM, Evans J, Jager HR. Oral cysticercosis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 45:331-4. [PMID: 16388881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is the result of infection with the larval stage of the tapeworm, Taenia solium. The parasite may settle at any site in the body without causing symptoms, which arise almost exclusively from the involvement of brain or eye, and this may occur several years after infection. Cysticercosis is one of the leading causes of acquired epilepsy in Latin America, parts of Asia, and Africa. More cases are being reported in other countries as a result of immigration from endemic areas. Cysticercosis may cause cystic swellings or nodules in the mouth, and these may be the only evidence of the disease. We present a healthy patient who had multiple intraoral cystic swellings that were diagnosed as cysticercosis in a biopsy specimen. Subsequent investigations showed cysticerci in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Jay
- Histopathology Department, Oral Pathology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, UK.
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31
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Elias FM, Martins MT, Foronda R, Jorge WA, Araújo NSD. Oral cysticercosis: case report and review of the literature. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2005; 47:95-8. [PMID: 15880221 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652005000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a condition that occurs when man is infested by the larvae of Taenia solium, acting as an intermediate host instead of definitive. Oral cysticercosis is a rare event, and it represents a difficulty in clinical diagnosis. A case of oral cysticercosis in a 23-year-old white female who presented a painless swelling in the dorsal portion of the tongue is reported. An excisional biopsy was performed and histopathological examination revealed a cystic cavity containing the tapeworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Melhem Elias
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysticercosis cellulosae rarely involves the oral region in humans. METHODS Six cases of oral cysticercosis were diagnosed, three each in lips and buccal mucosa. Diagnosis was made by characteristic gross and histopathologic appearances. RESULTS Of 146 cases of cysticercosis, 6 (4.1%) were of the oral cavity. All 6 cases were initially seen with painless swellings. Clinical differential diagnosis ranged from retention cyst, lipoma, fibroma, neurofibroma, and angular stomatitis. Histopathologic examination revealed cysticercus larvae. CONCLUSIONS The oral cavity is a rare site of involvement by cysticercosis, even in an endemic area. Histopathologic findings of the excised cyst are diagnostic of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nigam
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, Bahadurshah Zafar Marg, C-367 Saraswati Vihar, Pitampura, Delhi, 34 India
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34
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de Souza PE, Barreto DC, Fonseca LM, de Paula AM, Silva EC, Gomez RS. Cysticercosis of the oral cavity: report of seven cases. Oral Dis 2000; 6:253-5. [PMID: 10918564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00122.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cysticercosis is a condition in which a human acts as the intermediate host of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium. Although cysticercosis is a common disease in some regions of the world and can occur in any body site, oral lesions are rare. This paper reviews the natural history of the disease and reports on seven cases of oral cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E de Souza
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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