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Otomo K, Hibi T, Murata T, Watanabe H, Kawakami R, Nakayama H, Hasebe M, Nemoto T. Multi-point scanning two-photon excitation microscopy by utilizing a high-peak-power 1042-nm laser. ANAL SCI 2015; 31:307-13. [PMID: 25864674 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The temporal resolution of a two-photon excitation laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) system is limited by the excitation laser beam's scanning speed. To improve the temporal resolution, the TPLSM system is equipped with a spinning-disk confocal scanning unit. However, the insufficient energy of a conventional Ti:sapphire laser source restricts the field of view (FOV) for TPLSM images to a narrow region. Therefore, we introduced a high-peak-power Yb-based laser in order to enlarge the FOV. This system provided three-dimensional imaging of a sufficiently deep and wide region of fixed mouse brain slices, clear four-dimensional imaging of actin dynamics in live mammalian cells and microtubule dynamics during mitosis and cytokinesis in live plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Otomo
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University
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2
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Two-photon excitation improves multifocal structured illumination microscopy in thick scattering tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5254-9. [PMID: 24706872 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1314447111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifocal structured illumination microscopy (MSIM) provides a twofold resolution enhancement beyond the diffraction limit at sample depths up to 50 µm, but scattered and out-of-focus light in thick samples degrades MSIM performance. Here we implement MSIM with a microlens array to enable efficient two-photon excitation. Two-photon MSIM gives resolution-doubled images with better sectioning and contrast in thick scattering samples such as Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, Drosophila melanogaster larval salivary glands, and mouse liver tissue.
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3
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Stender AS, Marchuk K, Liu C, Sander S, Meyer MW, Smith EA, Neupane B, Wang G, Li J, Cheng JX, Huang B, Fang N. Single cell optical imaging and spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2469-527. [PMID: 23410134 PMCID: PMC3624028 DOI: 10.1021/cr300336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Stender
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kyle Marchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Suzanne Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Matthew W. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Bhanu Neupane
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Gufeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Ning Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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4
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Isobe K, Suda A, Tanaka M, Kannari F, Kawano H, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K. Multifarious control of two-photon excitation of multiple fluorophores achieved by phase modulation of ultra-broadband laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:13737-46. [PMID: 19654781 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.013737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We propose two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy employing a novel phase modulation technique of ultra-broadband laser pulses, which allows the relative excitation of an individual fluorophore with respect to other fluorophores. This technique is based on the generation of multi-wavelength pulse train, which independently interacts with each fluorophore. Our technique is applied to dual-color imaging of cells expressing two types of fluorescent proteins. We achieve the selective excitation of one over the other and vice versa. The product of the maximum contrast ratios exceeds 100. We also demonstrate yielded equal excitation rates in the simultaneous excitation. By the selective excitation of a donor fluorescent protein, fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging is also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Isobe
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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Carriles R, Schafer DN, Sheetz KE, Field JJ, Cisek R, Barzda V, Sylvester AW, Squier JA. Invited review article: Imaging techniques for harmonic and multiphoton absorption fluorescence microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:081101. [PMID: 19725639 PMCID: PMC2736611 DOI: 10.1063/1.3184828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We review the current state of multiphoton microscopy. In particular, the requirements and limitations associated with high-speed multiphoton imaging are considered. A description of the different scanning technologies such as line scan, multifoci approaches, multidepth microscopy, and novel detection techniques is given. The main nonlinear optical contrast mechanisms employed in microscopy are reviewed, namely, multiphoton excitation fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and third harmonic generation. Techniques for optimizing these nonlinear mechanisms through a careful measurement of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the focal volume are discussed, and a brief summary of photobleaching effects is provided. Finally, we consider three new applications of multiphoton microscopy: nonlinear imaging in microfluidics as applied to chemical analysis and the use of two-photon absorption and self-phase modulation as contrast mechanisms applied to imaging problems in the medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Carriles
- Department of Photonics, Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, León, Mexico
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Stutzmann G. Seeing the brain in action: how multiphoton imaging has advanced our understanding of neuronal function. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2008; 14:482-491. [PMID: 18986602 DOI: 10.1017/s143192760808080x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gaining insight into how the nervous system functions is a challenge for scientists, particularly because the static morphology of the brain and the cells within tell little about how they actually work. Fixed specimens can provide critical structural information, but the jump to functional neurobiology in living cells is obviated with these preparations. In order to grasp the complexity of neuronal activity, it is necessary to observe the brain in action, from the level of subcellular signaling to the whole organism. Recent advances in nonlinear microscopy have given rise to a new era for biological research. In particular, the introduction of multiphoton excitation has drastically improved the depth and speed to which we can probe brain function. In order to better appreciate recent contributions of multiphoton microscopy to our current and future understanding of biological systems, an historical awareness of past microscopy applications is useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Stutzmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
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Abstract
In this chapter, we review the imaging techniques and methods of molecular interrogation made possible by integrating laser light sources with microscopy. We discuss the advantages of exciting fluorescence by laser illumination and review commonly used laser-based imaging techniques such as confocal, multiphoton, and total internal reflection microcopy. We also discuss emerging imaging modalities based on intrinsic properties of biological macromolecules such as second harmonic generation imaging and coherent anti-Raman resonance spectroscopy. Super resolution techniques are presented that exceed the theoretical diffraction-limited resolution of a microscope objective. This chapter also focuses on laser-based techniques that can report biophysical parameters of fluorescently labeled molecules within living cells. Photobleaching techniques, fluorescence lifetime imaging, and fluorescence correlation methods can measure kinetic rates, molecular diffusion, protein-protein interactions, and concentration of a fluorophore-bound molecule. This chapter provides an introduction to the field of laser-based microscopy enabling readers to determine how best to match their research questions to the current suite of techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot L Botvinick
- Beckman Laser Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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Tokimoto T, Tsukahara S, Watarai H. Lactone cleavage reaction kinetics of rhodamine dye at liquid/liquid interfaces studied by micro-two-phase sheath flow/two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:1299-1304. [PMID: 15697274 DOI: 10.1021/la047263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy was combined with the two-phase microflow system in order to measure the fast interfacial reaction rate at liquid/liquid interfaces. The lactone cleavage kinetics of octadecylrhodamine B (C(18)RB) at the toluene/water and heptane/water interfaces was studied by this new method. The organic solution containing the nonfluorescent lactone of C(18)RB was made to flow as an inner flow with an aqueous outer sheath flow. The diameter of the inner flow was <20 microm. A focused fundamental beam of a Ti:sapphire pulse laser of 780 nm was irradiated to the interface, and emitted fluorescence from the fluorescent product was detected by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera or a streakscope. The increase in the concentration of the fluorescent form of C(18)RB was measured along the interface of the inner flow of the toluene/water and heptane/water systems for 80 micros just after the contact of two phases. The analysis made by the time-dependent Langmuir adsorption model with the aid of the digital simulation method gave the cleavage reaction rate constants of the lactone form of C(18)RB at the liquid/liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahira Tokimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Abstract
From its conception a decade ago, multiphoton microscopy has evolved from a photonic novelty to an indispensable tool for gleaning information from subcellular events within organized tissue environments. Its relatively deep optical penetration has recently been exploited for subcellularly resolved investigations of disease models in living transgenic mice. Its enhanced spectral accessibility enables aberration-free imaging of fluorescent molecules absorbing in deep-UV energy regimes with simultaneous imaging of species having extremely diverse emission spectra. Although excited fluorescence is the primary signal for multiphoton microscopy, harmonic generation by multiphoton scattering processes are also valuable for imaging species with large anharmonic modes, such as collagen structures and membrane potential sensing dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Williams
- Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Kaneko T, Fujita K, Tanaka H, Oyamada M, Nakamura O, Kawata S, Takamatsu T. Real-Time Two-Photon Microscopy and Its Application for In Situ Imaging. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1267/ahc.34.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kaneko
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Katsumasa Fujita
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hideo Tanaka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Masahito Oyamada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Osamu Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Satoshi Kawata
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Tetsuro Takamatsu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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Straub M, Lodemann P, Holroyd P, Jahn R, Hell SW. Live cell imaging by multifocal multiphoton microscopy. Eur J Cell Biol 2000; 79:726-34. [PMID: 11089921 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) permits parallel multiphoton excitation by scanning an array of high numerical aperture foci across a plane in the sample. MMM is particularly suitable for live cell investigations since it combines advantages of standard multiphoton microscopy such as optical sectioning and suppression of out-of-focus phototoxicity with high recording speeds. Here we describe several applications of MMM to live cell imaging using the neuroendocrine cell line PC12 and bovine chromaffin cells. Stainings were performed with the acidophilic dye acridine orange and the lipophilic dyes FM1-43 and Fast DiA as well as by transfection of the cells with GFP. In both bovine chromaffin and PC12 cells structural elements of nuclear chromatin and the 3-D distribution of acidic organelles inside the cells were visualized. In PC12 cells differentiated by nerve growth factor examples of neurites were monitored. Stainings of membranes were used to reconstruct the morphology of cells and neurites in three dimensions by volume-rendering and by isosurface plots. 3-D reconstructions were composed from stacks of about 50 images each with a diameter of 30-100 microm that were acquired within a few seconds. We conclude that MMM proves to be a technically simple and very effective method for fast 3-D live cell imaging at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Straub
- High Resolution Optical Microscopy Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
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Egner A, Hell SW. Time multiplexing and parallelization in multifocal multiphoton microscopy. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2000; 17:1192-201. [PMID: 10883971 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.17.001192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the imaging properties of high-aperture multifocal multiphoton microscopy on the basis of diffraction theory. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between the sectioning property and the distance between individual foci. Our results establish a relationship between the degree of parallelization and the axial resolution for both two- and three-photon excitation. In addition, we show quantitatively that if a matrix of temporal delays is inserted between the individual foci, it is, for the first time to our knowledge, possible to solve the classical conflict between the light budget and the sectioning property in three-dimensional microscopy and to provide a virtually unlimited density of foci at best axial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Egner
- High Resolution Optical Microscopy Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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