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Brunharo CACG, Tranel PJ. Repeated evolution of herbicide resistance in Lolium multiflorum revealed by haplotype-resolved analysis of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1969-1981. [PMID: 38143902 PMCID: PMC10739073 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbicide resistance in weeds is one of the greatest challenges in modern food production. The grass species Lolium multiflorum is an excellent model species to investigate evolution under similar selection pressure because populations have repeatedly evolved resistance to many herbicides, utilizing a multitude of mechanisms to neutralize herbicide damage. In this work, we investigated the gene that encodes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), the target site of the most successful herbicide group available for grass weed control. We sampled L. multiflorum populations from agricultural fields with history of intense herbicide use, and studied their response to three ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. To elucidate the mechanisms of herbicide resistance and the genetic relationship among populations, we resolved the haplotypes of 97 resistant and susceptible individuals by sequencing ACCase amplicons using long-read DNA sequencing technologies. Our dose-response data indicated the existence of many, often unpredictable, resistance patterns to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, where populations exhibited as much as 37-fold reduction in herbicide response. The majority of the populations exhibited resistance to all three herbicides studied. Phylogenetic and molecular genetic analyses revealed multiple evolutionary origins of resistance-endowing ACCase haplotypes, as well as widespread admixture in the region regardless of cropping system. The amplicons generated were diverse, with haplotypes exhibiting 26-110 polymorphisms. Polymorphisms included insertions and deletions 1-31 bp in length, none of which were associated with the resistance phenotype based on an association analysis. We also found evidence that some populations have multiple mechanisms of resistance. Our results highlight the astounding genetic diversity in L. multiflorum populations, and the potential for repeated evolution of herbicide resistance across the landscape that challenges weed management approaches and jeopardizes sustainable weed control practices. We provide an in-depth discussion of the evolutionary and practical implications of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio A. C. G. Brunharo
- Department of Plant ScienceThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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Hamidzadeh Moghadam S, Alebrahim MT, Mohebodini M, MacGregor DR. Genetic variation of Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) suggests multiple independent introductions into Iran. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1024555. [PMID: 36684720 PMCID: PMC9847890 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1024555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) are weedy plants that cause severe ecological and economic damage. In this study, we collected DNA from three different countries and assessed genetic diversity using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Our analysis shows both weed species have low genetic diversity within a population and high genetic diversity among populations, as well as a low value of gene flow among the populations. UPGMA clustering and principal coordinate analysis indicate four distinct groups for A. retroflexus L. and C. album L. exist. We detected significant isolation-by-distance for A. retroflexus L. and no significant correlation for C.album L. These conclusions are based data from 13 ISSR primers where the average percentage of polymorphism produced was 98.46% for A. retroflexus L. and 74.81% for C. album L.These data suggest that each population was independently introduced to the location from which it was sampled and these noxious weeds come armed with considerable genetic variability giving them the opportunity to manifest myriad traits that could be used to avoid management practices. Our results, albeit not definitive about this issue, do not support the native status of C. album L. in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mehdi Mohebodini
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Dana R. MacGregor
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
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3
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Urochloa arrecta: an African invasive Poaceae in Brazil with low genetic diversity. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02952-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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4
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AFLP-Based Genetic Structure of Lithuanian Populations of Small Balsam (Impatiens parviflora DC.) in Relation to Habitat Characteristics. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13081228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing focus on understanding the interactions between genetic features of the invader and environmental factors that ensure the success of invasion. The objective of our study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Lithuanian populations of highly invasive small balsam (Impatiens parviflora) by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and to relate molecular data to biotope features defined by employing neighboring species of herbaceous plants. Low polymorphism of I. parviflora populations was observed at AFLP loci. Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance did not reveal differentiation of populations depending on biotope, geography, or road types. Bayesian analyses of AFLP data demonstrated many genetic clusters. Our results suggest multiple introductions of I. parviflora into Lithuania. The polymorphism of AFLP loci of populations significantly correlated with the total coverage by herbaceous plants in the sites. Defined by principal component analysis, the variability of study sites was most related to the coverage of herbaceous plants and least related to the molecular features of I. parviflora populations. The sites with I. parviflora were classified into agricultural scrubland, riparian forest, and urban forest biotopes. Of them, urban forest was distinguished by the highest coverage of I. parviflora and the lowest Ellenberg indicatory values for light, soil acidity, and richness in nutrients.
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High genetic variability of Nosema ceranae populations in Apis mellifera from East Asia compared to central Asia and the Americas. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02835-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Parveen S, Singh N, Adit A, Kumaria S, Tandon R, Agarwal M, Jagannath A, Goel S. Contrasting Reproductive Strategies of Two Nymphaea Species Affect Existing Natural Genetic Diversity as Assessed by Microsatellite Markers: Implications for Conservation and Wetlands Restoration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:773572. [PMID: 35371128 PMCID: PMC8965595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.773572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nymphaea, commonly known as water lily, is the largest and most widely distributed genus in the order Nymphaeales. The importance of Nymphaea in wetland ecosystems and their increased vulnerability make them a great choice for conservation and management. In this work, we studied genetic diversity in a collection of 90 N. micrantha and 92 N. nouchali individuals from six different states of India, i.e., Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Maharashtra, Goa, and Kerala, using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed by low throughput Illumina sequencing (10X coverage of genome) of N. micrantha. Nymphaea nouchali is native to India, whereas N. micrantha is suggested to be introduced to the country for its aesthetic and cultural values. The study revealed extensive polymorphism in N. nouchali, while in N. micrantha, no apparent genetic divergence was detected prompting us to investigate the reason(s) by studying the reproductive biology of the two species. The study revealed that N. micrantha predominantly reproduces asexually which has impacted the genetic diversity of the species to a great extent. This observation is of immense importance for a successful re-establishment of Nymphaea species during restoration programs of wetlands. The information generated on reproductive behaviors and their association with genotypic richness can help in strategizing genetic resource conservation, especially for species with limited distribution. The study has also generated 22,268 non-redundant microsatellite loci, out of which, 143 microsatellites were tested for polymorphism and polymorphic markers were tested for transferability in five other Nymphaea species, providing genomic resources for further studies on this important genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Parveen
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Nutan Singh
- Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Arjun Adit
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Kumaria
- Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Manu Agarwal
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Jagannath
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Urquía D, Gutierrez B, Pozo G, Pozo MJ, Torres MDL. Origin and dispersion pathways of guava in the Galapagos Islands inferred through genetics and historical records. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15111-15131. [PMID: 34765164 PMCID: PMC8571588 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Guava (Psidium guajava) is an aggressive invasive plant in the Galapagos Islands. Determining its provenance and genetic diversity could explain its adaptability and spread, and how this relates to past human activities. With this purpose, we analyzed 11 SSR markers in guava individuals from Isabela, Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, and Floreana islands in the Galapagos, as well as from mainland Ecuador. The mainland guava population appeared genetically differentiated from the Galapagos populations, with higher genetic diversity levels found in the former. We consistently found that the Central Highlands region of mainland Ecuador is one of the most likely origins of the Galapagos populations. Moreover, the guavas from Isabela and Floreana show a potential genetic input from southern mainland Ecuador, while the population from San Cristobal would be linked to the coastal mainland regions. Interestingly, the proposed origins for the Galapagos guava coincide with the first human settlings of the archipelago. Through approximate Bayesian computation, we propose a model where San Cristobal was the first island to be colonized by guava from the mainland, and then, it would have spread to Floreana and finally to Santa Cruz; Isabela would have been seeded from Floreana. An independent trajectory could also have contributed to the invasion of Floreana and Isabela. The pathway shown in our model agrees with the human colonization history of the different islands in the Galapagos. Our model, in conjunction with the clustering patterns of the individuals (based on genetic distances), suggests that guava introduction history in the Galapagos archipelago was driven by either a single event or a series of introduction events in rapid succession. We thus show that genetic analyses supported by historical sources can be used to track the arrival and spread of invasive species in novel habitats and the potential role of human activities in such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Urquía
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)QuitoEcuador
| | - Bernardo Gutierrez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)QuitoEcuador
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Gabriela Pozo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)QuitoEcuador
| | - Maria Jose Pozo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)QuitoEcuador
| | - Maria de Lourdes Torres
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología VegetalUniversidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)QuitoEcuador
- Galapagos Science CenterUniversidad San Francisco de Quito and University of North Carolina at Chapel HillGalapagosEcuador
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Efimov P, Machs E, Liksakova N, Chetverikov P. New Records of Liparis kumokiri Group (Orchidaceae) in Eurasia Suggest Its Recent Dispersal from East Asia. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s207511172103005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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10
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Wani GA, Shah MA, Tekeu H, Reshi ZA, Atangana AR, Khasa DP. Phenotypic Variability and Genetic Diversity of Phragmites australis in Quebec and Kashmir Reveal Contrasting Population Structure. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101392. [PMID: 33092113 PMCID: PMC7589717 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The origin of differences in traits influencing competitive success between invasive and native wild populations of alien species is subject of debate. Herbarium-based information sources from 2005 onwards about nativity and distributional range of Phragmites australis were used to survey putative native populations of the species in Quebec, and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) PCR-RFLP analyses identified only one native population, whereas the same analyses revealed that the Kashmir populations are invasive. We compared the native population of P. australis in Quebec (QN), ten populations invasive to Quebec (QE), and five populations invasive in Kashmir, India (KE) using morphometric traits. Using nine cpDNA microsatellite loci, we also compared nine KE populations, ten QE populations, and the QN population. Phenotypic variation was observed among and within populations. Only dry mass of flowers varied across regions. Characterization of morphotypes defined three distinct haplotypes. A bimodal distribution of stem diameter (SD), internode length (IL), leaf length (LL), and leaf width (LW) suggests that a major gene may control growth traits or occurrence of co-selection. High genetic differentiation was observed between populations (RST = 0.353) and haplotypes (RST = 0.133 to 0.418), indicating limited gene flow and probable local adaptation. Principal coordinates analysis and the neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree clearly distinguished the three haplotypes. Among-populations phenotypic difference (PST) was lower than overall RST for plant height, SD, and fresh and dry mass of flowers and seeds, whereas PST estimates for LL and LW exceeded among-populations RST, suggesting divergent selection, while local adaptation might have occurred in IL, LL, and flower masses. Genetic drift probably influenced among-populations IL differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowher A. Wani
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India; (M.A.S.); (Z.A.R.)
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF) and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (H.T.); or (A.R.A.); (D.P.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-700-601-1834
| | - Manzoor A. Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India; (M.A.S.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Honoré Tekeu
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF) and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (H.T.); or (A.R.A.); (D.P.K.)
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé, IPO Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Zafar A. Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India; (M.A.S.); (Z.A.R.)
| | - Alain R. Atangana
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF) and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (H.T.); or (A.R.A.); (D.P.K.)
- World Agroforestry, West and Central Africa Region, Cocody, Angré 7ème Tranche B.P. 2823, Abidjan 08 BP 2823, Cote D’Ivoire
| | - Damase P. Khasa
- Centre for Forest Research (CEF) and Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (H.T.); or (A.R.A.); (D.P.K.)
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11
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Maebara Y, Tamaoki M, Iguchi Y, Nakahama N, Hanai T, Nishino A, Hayasaka D. Genetic Diversity of Invasive Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (Poaceae) Introduced Unintentionally Into Japan and Its Invasion Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:556039. [PMID: 33013973 PMCID: PMC7503347 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.556039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Among invasive species, aquatic plants pose serious threats to local biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (Poaceae), native to the eastern United States, was introduced unintentionally into Japan (Aichi and Kumamoto Prefectures) at around 2010. This invasive species could easily and rapidly spread to estuarine areas of Japan via vigorous trade and transport, making the prediction of its future invasion necessary. Here, the distribution and structure of the genetic variation of S. alterniflora in Japan were examined using chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and microsatellite genotyping analyses for clarifying its invasion route and process. According to the cpDNA analysis, S. alterniflora populations in Japan had a single haplotype (haplotype C4) that is the most dominant genotype around the Florida Peninsula, the region of its origin, and is also widely found in the introduced populations in the East Asia. Microsatellite analysis also showed a loss of genetic diversity in Japanese S. alterniflora populations (allelic richness (A R) = 1.20-1.39) compared with that in its native region (A R = 4.58-4.59), suggesting a founder effect on S. alterniflora that might have occurred after invasion of the species into Japan. The principal coordinate analysis and The STRUCTURE analysis indicated that no gene mixing among Japanese local populations (Aichi, northern and southern Kumamoto) was observed, indicating that Spartina invasion occurred independently into these regions. Among the three regions, trading between the ports of northern Kumamoto and the U.S. was obviously lower than trading with China. We concluded that invasive S. alterniflora might have independently invaded Japan at different times through an East Asia route, particularly via China (i.e., secondary introduction). Therefore, it is important to strengthen the quarantine control on the importation of commodities, especially of transport vehicles at potential donor spots (i.e., border control/border biosecurity system), and to share information networks on invasive species between each region/port for minimizing further risks of biological species such as Spartina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Maebara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Tamaoki
- Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Miharu, Japan
| | - Yuka Iguchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Nakahama
- Institute of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Hyogo, Sanda, Japan
- Division of Ecological Restoration, The Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo, Sanda, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hanai
- Japanese Network for Prevention Spartinas Spreading (JNPS), Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishino
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
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12
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Lucardi RD, Wallace LE, Ervin GN. Patterns of Genetic Diversity in Highly Invasive Species: Cogongrass ( Imperata cylindrica) Expansion in the Invaded Range of the Southern United States (US). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E423. [PMID: 32244271 PMCID: PMC7238127 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spatial expansions of invasive organisms in the novel range are generally expected to follow an isolation-by-distance relationship (IBD) if the invasion is biologically driven; however, many invasions are facilitated anthropogenically. This research focused on the extant expansion patterns of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica). Cogongrass is a widespread invasive species throughout the southern United States (US). Patterns of infestation vary among US states. Cogongrass is pyrogenic, and its invasion threatens softwood (Pinus spp.) plantations, a substantial economic market for this US region. Over 600 individuals were sampled from seven invaded US states, using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to assess genetic diversity and population structure. We suspected that differences in historical management efforts among US states influenced differences in genetic diversity and structure. We detected two genetic lineages at the highest level of analysis. One genetic lineage was locally restricted, whereas the other was found throughout the study region. Admixed individuals were found in all US states and consistently co-occurred with the dominant lineage, suggesting that secondary contact and hybridization may have facilitated expansion. The widespread prevalence of only one of the two detected genetic lineages suggests a primary genetic lineage responsible for on-going population expansion in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D. Lucardi
- USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 320 East Green Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lisa E. Wallace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Gary N. Ervin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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13
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Bondareva O, Genelt–Yanovskiy E, Abramson N. Copse snail
Arianta arbustorum
(Linnaeus, 1758) (Gastropoda: Helicidae) in the Baltic Sea region: Invasion or range extension? Insights from phylogeographic analysis and climate niche modeling. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia Abramson
- Zoological Institute RAS Saint Petersburg Russia
- Saint–Petersburg Scientific Center RAS Saint Petersburg Russia
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Foster TM, Bassil NV, Dossett M, Leigh Worthington M, Graham J. Genetic and genomic resources for Rubus breeding: a roadmap for the future. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:116. [PMID: 31645970 PMCID: PMC6804857 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Rubus fruits are high-value crops that are sought after by consumers for their flavor, visual appeal, and health benefits. To meet this demand, production of red and black raspberries (R. idaeus L. and R. occidentalis L.), blackberries (R. subgenus Rubus), and hybrids, such as Boysenberry and marionberry, is growing worldwide. Rubus breeding programmes are continually striving to improve flavor, texture, machine harvestability, and yield, provide pest and disease resistance, improve storage and processing properties, and optimize fruits and plants for different production and harvest systems. Breeders face numerous challenges, such as polyploidy, the lack of genetic diversity in many of the elite cultivars, and until recently, the relative shortage of genetic and genomic resources available for Rubus. This review will highlight the development of continually improving genetic maps, the identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)s controlling key traits, draft genomes for red and black raspberry, and efforts to improve gene models. The development of genetic maps and markers, the molecular characterization of wild species and germplasm, and high-throughput genotyping platforms will expedite breeding of improved cultivars. Fully sequenced genomes and accurate gene models facilitate identification of genes underlying traits of interest and enable gene editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshi M. Foster
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research (PFR) Ltd, 55 Old Mill Road, Motueka, New Zealand
| | - Nahla V. Bassil
- USDA ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), 33447 Peoria Rd., Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Michael Dossett
- Blueberry Council (in Partnership with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) Agassiz Food Research Centre, Columbia, BC V0M 1A0 Canada
| | - Margaret Leigh Worthington
- Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, 316 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Julie Graham
- The James Hutton Institute, Errol Road, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA Scotland
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Toon A, Sacre E, Fensham RJ, Cook LG. Immigrant and native? The case of the swamp foxtail Cenchrus purpurascensin Australia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Toon
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - E. Sacre
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - R. J. Fensham
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Queensland Herbarium; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - L. G. Cook
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
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Wódkiewicz M, Chwedorzewska KJ, Bednarek PT, Znój A, Androsiuk P, Galera H. How much of the invader's genetic variability can slip between our fingers? A case study of secondary dispersal of Poa annua on King George Island (Antarctica). Ecol Evol 2017; 8:592-600. [PMID: 29321896 PMCID: PMC5756844 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied an invasion of Poa annua on King George Island (Maritime Antarctic). The remoteness of this location, its geographic isolation, and its limited human traffic provided an opportunity to trace the history of an invasion of the species. Poa annua was recorded for the first time at H. Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station in the austral summer of 1985/6. In 2008/9, the species was observed in a new locality at the Ecology Glacier Forefield (1.5 km from “Arctowski”). We used AFLP to analyze the genetic differences among three populations of P. annua: the two mentioned above (Station and Forefield) and the putative origin of the introduction, Warsaw (Poland). There was 38% genetic variance among the populations. Pairwise ФPT was 0.498 between the Forefield and Warsaw populations and 0.283 between Warsaw and Station. There were 15 unique bands in the Warsaw population (frequency from 6% to 100%) and one in the Station/Forefield populations (which appears in all analyzed individuals from both populations). The Δ(K) parameter indicated two groups of samples: Warsaw/Station and Forefield. As indicated by Fu's Fs statistics and an analysis of mismatch distribution, the Forefield population underwent a bottleneck and/or founder effect. The Forefield population was likely introduced by secondary dispersal from the Station population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wódkiewicz
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Piotr T Bednarek
- Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute Błonie Poland
| | - Anna Znój
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Piotr Androsiuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - Halina Galera
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre Faculty of Biology University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
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Hyldgaard B, Lambertini C, Brix H. Phylogeography reveals a potential cryptic invasion in the Southern Hemisphere of Ceratophyllum demersum, New Zealand's worst invasive macrophyte. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16569. [PMID: 29185467 PMCID: PMC5707378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceratophyllum demersum (common hornwort) is presently considered the worst invasive submerged aquatic macrophyte in New Zealand. We explored the global phylogeographic pattern of the species, based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA, in order to identify the origin of the invasive populations in New Zealand and to clarify if there were multiple introductions. The phylogeographic study identified geographically differentiated gene pools in North America, tropical Asia, Australia, and South Africa, likely native to these regions, and a recent dispersal event of a Eurasian-related haplotype to North America, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa. At least two different invasive genotypes of this Eurasian-related haplotype have been found in New Zealand. One genotype is closely related to genotypes in Australia and South Africa, while we could not trace the closest relatives of the other genotype within our C. demersum sample set. Contrasting spectra of genetic distances in New Zealand and in a region within the native range (Denmark), suggest that the invasive population was founded by vegetative reproduction, seen as low genetic distances among genotypes. We also discovered the introduction of the same Eurasian-related haplotype in Australia and South Africa and that a cryptic invasion may be occurring in these continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Hyldgaard
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Aquatic Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Food Science, Section of Plants, Food and Climate, Aarhus University, Aarslev, Denmark.
| | - Carla Lambertini
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Aquatic Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Brix
- Department of Bioscience, Section of Aquatic Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Li J, Wang DD, Xu XS, Bai L, Peng B, Pu YJ, Tian HL, Qin XM, Zhang FS, Ma CG. Utilization of UPLC/Q-TOF-MS-Based Metabolomics and AFLP-Based Marker-Assisted Selection to Facilitate/Assist Conventional Breeding of Polygala tenuifolia. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28608948 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most important traditional Chinese medicine, the quality of Polygala tenuifolia is difficult to control and a new method must be established to facilitate/assist the breeding of P. tenuifolia. In this study, UPLC/Q-TOF-MS-based metabolomics analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition and screen metabolite biomarkers according to agronomic traits. A total of 29 compounds and 18 metabolite biomarkers were found. AFLP-based marker-assisted selection (MAS) was used to identify molecular marker bands and screen characteristic bands associated with specific agronomic traits. 184 bands and 76 characteristic AFLP bands were found. The correlation network between compounds and characteristic AFLP bands was built, so we may directly breed certain P. tenuifolia herbs with special agronomic traits (or characteristic AFLP bands), which exhibit specific pharmacological functions depending on the content of the active compounds. The proposed method of metabolomics coupled with MAS could facilitate/assist the breeding of P. tenuifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Pharmacy Department, Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Taiyuan, 030031, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Xu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, P. R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Bing Peng
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Pu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ling Tian
- Research Institute of Economics Crop, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Fenyang, 032200, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Sheng Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
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20
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A Survey of Genetic Variation and Genome Evolution within the Invasive Fallopia Complex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161854. [PMID: 27575805 PMCID: PMC5004975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The knotweed taxa Fallopia japonica, F. sachalinensis and their interspecific hybrid F. × bohemica are some of the most aggressive invaders in Europe and North America and they are serious threats to native biodiversity. At the same time, they constitute a unique model system for the creation of hybrids and studies of the initiation of evolutionary processes. In the presented study, we focused on (i) examining genetic diversity in selected populations of three Fallopia taxa in the invaded (Poland) and native ranges (Japan), (ii) establishing genome size and ploidy levels and (iii) identifying ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-bearing chromosomes in all of the taxa from the invaded range. We found that the genetic diversity within particular taxa was generally low regardless of their geographical origin. A higher level of clonality was observed for the Polish populations compared to the Japanese populations. Our study suggests that the co-occurrence of F. sachalinensis together with the other two taxa in the same stand may be the source of the higher genetic variation within the F. × bohemica hybrid. Some shift towards the contribution of F. japonica alleles was also observed for selected F. × bohemica individuals, which indicates the possibility of producing more advanced generations of F. × bohemica hybrids. All of the F. sachalinensis individuals were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66; 2C = 6.01 pg), while those of F. japonica were mostly octoploid (2n = 8x = 88; 2C = 8.87 pg) and all of the F. × bohemica plants except one were hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66; 2C = 6.46 pg). Within the chromosome complement of F. japonica, F. sachalinensis and F. × bohemica, the physical mapping of the rDNA loci provided markers for 16, 13 and 10 chromosomes, respectively. In F. × bohemica, a loss of some of rDNA loci was observed, which indicates the occurrence of genome changes in the hybrid.
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Invasion history of Cardamine hirsuta in Japan inferred from genetic analyses of herbarium specimens and current populations. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Jaros U, Fischer GA, Pailler T, Comes HP. Spatial patterns of AFLP diversity in Bulbophyllum occultum (Orchidaceae) indicate long-term refugial isolation in Madagascar and long-distance colonization effects in La Réunion. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 116:434-46. [PMID: 26883184 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bulbophyllum occultum, an epiphytic orchid mainly distributed in the rainforests of (north)eastern Madagascar and La Réunion, represents an interesting model case for testing the effects of anthropogenic vs historical (e.g., climate induced) habitat isolation and long-distance colonization on the genetic structure of plant species with disjunct distributions in the Madagascan region. To this aim, we surveyed amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) across 13 populations in Madagascar and nine in La Réunion (206 individuals in total). We found overall high levels of population subdivision (Φ(PT)=0.387) and low within-population diversity (H(E), range: 0.026-0.124), indicating non-equilibrium conditions in a mainly selfing species. There was no impact of recent deforestation (Madagascar) or habitat disturbance (La Réunion) detectable on AFLP diversity. K-means clustering and BARRIER analyses identified multiple gene pools and several genetic breaks, both within and among islands. Inter-island levels of population genetic diversity and subdivision were similar, whereby inter-individual divergence in flower colour explained a significant part of gene pool divergence in La Réunion. Our results suggest that (i) B. occultum persisted across multiple isolated ('refugial') regions along the eastern rainforest corridor of Madagascar over recent climatic cycles and (ii) populations in La Réunion arose from either single or few independent introductions from Madagascar. High selfing rates and sufficient time for genetic drift likely promoted unexpectedly high population genetic and phenotypic (flower colour) differentiation in La Réunion. Overall, this study highlights a strong imprint of history on the genetic structure of a low-gene-dispersing epiphytic orchid from the Madagascan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jaros
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - G A Fischer
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Corporation, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong, SAR
| | - T Pailler
- UMR CIRAD-université de La Réunion. Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Le Tampon, Réunion, France
| | - H P Comes
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Liu G, Gao Y, Huang FF, Yuan MY, Peng SL. The Invasion of Coastal Areas in South China by Ipomoea cairica May Be Accelerated by the Ecotype Being More Locally Adapted to Salt Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149262. [PMID: 26867222 PMCID: PMC4750935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity are two alternative mechanisms used by invasive plants for range expansion. We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the role of these mechanisms in the recent expansion of the invasive Ipomoea cairica from non-saline to salt-stressed coastal habitats. A comparison of the plant’s photosynthetic traits and construction costs across habitats was conducted through a field survey. Meanwhile, a full factorial greenhouse experiment was conducted with two ecotypes (non-saline and coastal) of I. cairica and two salinity gradients (water and 4 g L-1 NaCl solution) to evaluate the roles of the two strategies by comparing their main traits. The results revealed that the construction cost and Amax of I. cairica did not change with the habitat type. The ecotype and saline treatments, however, significantly influenced the plant growth. The non-saline ecotype (NE) generally showed higher or equal plasticity of biomass-allocation and functional traits compared to the coastal ecotype (CE). However, the fitness and biomass of the NE significantly decreased with salinity, whereas those aspects of the CE did not change. Our results indicate that the recent expansion of I. cairica into coastal areas may be accelerated by the local adaptation of the CE to salt stress. Additionally, in South China, the CE will most likely evolve adaptations to both saline and non-saline environments, which will further broaden the invasion range of I. cairica in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang-Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yue Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Lin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (SLP)
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24
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Geng Y, van Klinken RD, Sosa A, Li B, Chen J, Xu CY. The Relative Importance of Genetic Diversity and Phenotypic Plasticity in Determining Invasion Success of a Clonal Weed in the USA and China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:213. [PMID: 26941769 PMCID: PMC4764702 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity has been proposed as an important adaptive strategy for clonal plants in heterogeneous habitats. Increased phenotypic plasticity can be especially beneficial for invasive clonal plants, allowing them to colonize new environments even when genetic diversity is low. However, the relative importance of genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity for invasion success remains largely unknown. Here, we performed molecular marker analyses and a common garden experiment to investigate the genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity of the globally important weed Alternanthera philoxeroides in response to different water availability (terrestrial vs. aquatic habitats). This species relies predominantly on clonal propagation in introduced ranges. We therefore expected genetic diversity to be restricted in the two sampled introduced ranges (the USA and China) when compared to the native range (Argentina), but that phenotypic plasticity may allow the species' full niche range to nonetheless be exploited. We found clones from China had very low genetic diversity in terms of both marker diversity and quantitative variation when compared with those from the USA and Argentina, probably reflecting different introduction histories. In contrast, similar patterns of phenotypic plasticity were found for clones from all three regions. Furthermore, despite the different levels of genetic diversity, bioclimatic modeling suggested that the full potential bioclimatic distribution had been invaded in both China and USA. Phenotypic plasticity, not genetic diversity, was therefore critical in allowing A. philoxeroides to invade diverse habitats across broad geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Geng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan UniversityKunming, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | | | - Alejandro Sosa
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies InvasivasHurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jiakuan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jiakuan Chen
| | - Cheng-Yuan Xu
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland UniversityBundaberg, QLD, Australia
- Cheng-Yuan Xu
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25
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López-Vinyallonga S, Soriano I, Susanna A, Montserra JM, Roquet C, Garcia-Jacas N. The Polyploid Series of the Achillea millefolium Aggregate in the Iberian Peninsula Investigated Using Microsatellites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129861. [PMID: 26091537 PMCID: PMC4474640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Achillea millefolium aggregate is one of the most diverse polyploid complexes of the Northern hemisphere and has its western Eurasian boundary in the Iberian Peninsula. Four ploidy levels have been detected in A. millefolium, three of which have already been found in Iberia (diploid, hexaploid and octoploid), and a fourth (tetraploid) reported during the preparation of this paper. We collected a sample from 26 Iberian populations comprising all ploidy levels, and we used microsatellite markers analyzed as dominant in view of the high ploidy levels. Our goals were to quantify the genetic diversity of A. millefolium in the Iberian Peninsula, to elucidate its genetic structure, to investigate the differences in ploidy levels, and to analyse the dispersal of the species. The lack of spatial genetic structure recovered is linked to both high levels of gene flow between populations and to the fact that most genetic variability occurs within populations. This in turn suggests the existence of a huge panmictic yarrow population in the Iberian Peninsula. This is consistent with the assumption that recent colonization and rapid expansion occurred throughout this area. Likewise, the low levels of genetic variability recovered suggest that bottlenecks and/or founder events may have been involved in this process, and clonal reproduction may have played an important role in maintaining this genetic impoverishment. Indeed, the ecological and phenologic uniformity present in the A. millefolium agg. in Iberia compared to Eurasia and North America may be responsible for the low number of representatives of this complex of species present in the Iberian Peninsula. The low levels of genetic differentiation between ploidy levels recovered in our work suggest the absence of barriers between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignasi Soriano
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Susanna
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Josep Maria Montserra
- Barcelona Botanical Garden (Consortium of the Museum of Natural History of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS UMR 5553, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Núria Garcia-Jacas
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, Barcelona, Spain
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Novel microsatellite markers acquired from Rubus coreanus Miq. and cross-amplification in other Rubus species. Molecules 2015; 20:6432-42. [PMID: 25867828 PMCID: PMC6272785 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rubus genus consists of more than 600 species that are distributed globally. Only a few Rubus species, including raspberries and blueberries, have been domesticated. Genetic diversity within and between Rubus species is an important resource for breeding programs. We developed genomic microsatellite markers using an SSR-enriched R. coreanus library to study the diversity of the Rubus species. Microsatellite motifs were discovered in 546 of 646 unique clones, and a dinucleotide repeat was the most frequent (75.3%) type of repeat. From 97 microsatellite loci with reproducible amplicons, we acquired 29 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the Rubus coreanus collection. The transferability values ranged from 59.8% to 84% across six Rubus species, and Rubusparvifolius had the highest transferability value (84%). The average number of alleles and the polymorphism information content were 5.7 and 0.541, respectively, in the R. coreanus collection. The diversity index of R. coreanus was similar to the values reported for other Rubus species. A phylogenetic dendrogram based on SSR profiles revealed that seven Rubus species could be allocated to three groups, and that R. coreanus was genetically close to Rubus crataegifolius (mountain berry). These new microsatellite markers might prove useful in studies of the genetic diversity, population structure, and evolutionary relationships among Rubus species.
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27
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Sedighi E, Rahimmalek M. Evaluation of genetic diversity of Rubus hyrcanus using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) and morphological markers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2015-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Xu H, Zhang W, Zhang T, Li J, Wu X, Dong L. Determination of ploidy level and isolation of genes encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase in Japanese Foxtail (Alopecurus japonicus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e114712. [PMID: 25503308 PMCID: PMC4263612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ploidy level is important in biodiversity studies and in developing strategies for isolating important plant genes. Many herbicide-resistant weed species are polyploids, but our understanding of these polyploid weeds is limited. Japanese foxtail, a noxious agricultural grass weed, has evolved herbicide resistance. However, most studies on this weed have ignored the fact that there are multiple copies of target genes. This may complicate the study of resistance mechanisms. Japanese foxtail was found to be a tetraploid by flow cytometer and chromosome counting, two commonly used methods in the determination of ploidy levels. We found that there are two copies of the gene encoding plastidic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) in Japanese foxtail and all the homologous genes are expressed. Additionally, no difference in ploidy levels or ACCase gene copy numbers was observed between an ACCase-inhibiting herbicide-resistant and a herbicide-sensitive population in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongle Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Liyao Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China (Nanjing Agricultural University), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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29
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Nibouche S, Fartek B, Mississipi S, Delatte H, Reynaud B, Costet L. Low genetic diversity in Melanaphis sacchari aphid populations at the worldwide scale. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106067. [PMID: 25148510 PMCID: PMC4141858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the genetic diversity and genetic structure of invading species, with contrasting results concerning the relative roles of genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity in the success of introduced populations. Increasing evidence shows that asexual lineages of aphids are able to occupy a wide geographical and ecological range of habitats despite low genetic diversity. The anholocyclic aphid Melanaphis sacchari is a pest of sugarcane and sorghum which originated in the old world, was introduced into the Americas, and is now distributed worldwide. Our purpose was to assess the genetic diversity and structuring of populations of this species according to host and locality. We used 10 microsatellite markers to genotype 1333 individuals (57 samples, 42 localities, 15 countries) collected mainly on sugarcane or sorghum. Five multilocus lineages (MLL) were defined, grouping multilocus genotypes (MLG) differing by only a few mutations or scoring errors. Analysis of a 658 bp sequence of mitochondrial COI gene on 96 individuals revealed five haplotypes, with a mean divergence of only 0.19 %. The distribution of MLL appeared to be strongly influenced by geography but not by host plant. Each of the five MLL grouped individuals from (A) Africa, (B) Australia, (C) South America, the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean including East Africa, (D) USA, and (E) China. The MLL A and C, with a wide geographic distribution, matched the definition of superclone. Among aphids, M. sacchari has one of the lowest known rates of genetic diversity for such a wide geographical distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Fartek
- Cirad, UMR PVBMT, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
- Université de la Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
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30
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Egizi A, Fonseca DM. Ecological limits can obscure expansion history: patterns of genetic diversity in a temperate mosquito in Hawaii. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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31
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Fennell M, Gallagher T, Vintro LL, Osborne B. Using soil seed banks to assess temporal patterns of genetic variation in invasive plant populations. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1648-58. [PMID: 24967082 PMCID: PMC4063465 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on the genetics of invasive plant species has focused on analyzing spatial differences among existing populations. Using a long-established Gunnera tinctoria population from Ireland, we evaluated the potential of using plants derived from seeds associated with different soil layers to track genetic variation through time. This species and site were chosen because (1) G. tinctoria produces a large and persistent seed bank; (2) it has been present in this locality, Sraheens, for ∼90 years; (3) the soil is largely undisturbed; and (4) the soil's age can be reliably determined radiometrically at different depths. Amplified fragment length polymorphic markers (AFLPs) were used to assess differences in the genetic structure of 75 individuals sampled from both the standing population and from four soil layers, which spanned 18 cm (estimated at ∼90 years based on 210Pb and 137Cs dating). While there are difficulties in interpreting such data, including accounting for the effects of selection, seed loss, and seed migration, a clear pattern of lower total allele counts, percentage polymorphic loci, and genetic diversity was observed in deeper soils. The greatest percentage increase in the measured genetic variables occurred prior to the shift from the lag to the exponential range expansion phases and may be of adaptive significance. These findings highlight that seed banks in areas with long-established invasive populations can contain valuable genetic information relating to invasion processes and as such, should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fennell
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland ; RPS Group Willow Mere House, Compass Point Business Park, St Ives, Cambridgeshire, PE27 5JL, U.K
| | - Tommy Gallagher
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Luis Leon Vintro
- University College Dublin, School of Physics Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Bruce Osborne
- University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland ; University College Dublin, School of Biological and Environmental Science Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Stuessy TF, Takayama K, López-Sepúlveda P, Crawford DJ. Interpretation of patterns of genetic variation in endemic plant species of oceanic islands. BOTANICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY. LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON 2014; 174:276-288. [PMID: 26074627 PMCID: PMC4459035 DOI: 10.1111/boj.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic islands offer special opportunities for understanding the patterns and processes of evolution. The availability of molecular markers in recent decades has enhanced these opportunities, facilitating the use of population genetics to reveal divergence and speciation in island systems. A common pattern seen in taxa on oceanic islands is a decreased level of genetic variation within and among populations, and the founder effect has often been invoked to explain this observation. Founder effects have a major impact on immigrant populations, but, over millions of years, the original genetic signature will normally be erased as a result of mutation, recombination, drift and selection. Therefore, the types and degrees of genetic modifications that occur must often be caused by other factors, which should be considered when explaining the patterns of genetic variation. The age of the island is extremely important because oceanic islands subside on their submarine plates over time. Erosion caused by wind, rain and wave action combine to grind down soft volcanic substrates. These geomorphological events can have a dramatic impact on population number and size, and hence levels of genetic diversity. The mode of speciation is also of significance. With anagenesis, genetic variation accumulates through time, whereas, with cladogenenesis, the gene pool splits into populations of adaptively radiating species. Breeding systems, population sizes and generation times are also important, as is hybridization between closely related taxa. Human disturbance has affected plant population number and size through the harvesting of forests and the introduction of invasive plants and animals. Therefore, the explanation of the observed levels of genetic variation in species of oceanic islands requires the consideration of many interconnected physical, biological and anthropomorphic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tod F Stuessy
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Biodiversity Center, University of ViennaRennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Koji Takayama
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Biodiversity Center, University of ViennaRennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricio López-Sepúlveda
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Biodiversity Center, University of ViennaRennweg 14, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel J Crawford
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology and the Biodiversity Institute, University of KansasLawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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Hornoy B, Atlan A, Roussel V, Buckley YM, Tarayre M. Two colonisation stages generate two different patterns of genetic diversity within native and invasive ranges of Ulex europaeus. Heredity (Edinb) 2013; 111:355-63. [PMID: 23759725 PMCID: PMC3806022 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diversity and the way a species is introduced influence the capacity of populations of invasive species to persist in, and adapt to, their new environment. The diversity of introduced populations affects their evolutionary potential, which is particularly important for species that have invaded a wide range of habitats and climates, such as European gorse, Ulex europaeus. This species originated in the Iberian peninsula and colonised Europe in the Neolithic; over the course of the past two centuries it was introduced to, and has become invasive in, other continents. We characterised neutral genetic diversity and its structure in the native range and in invaded regions. By coupling these results with historical data, we have identified the way in which gorse populations were introduced and the consequences of introduction history on genetic diversity. Our study is based on the genotyping of individuals from 18 populations at six microsatellite loci. As U. europaeus is an allohexaploid species, we used recently developed tools that take into account genotypic ambiguity. Our results show that genetic diversity in gorse is very high and mainly contained within populations. We confirm that colonisation occurred in two stages. During the first stage, gorse spread out naturally from Spain towards northern Europe, losing some genetic diversity. During the second stage, gorse was introduced by humans into different regions of the world, from northern Europe. These introductions resulted in the loss of rare alleles but did not significantly reduce genetic diversity and thus the evolutionary potential of this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hornoy
- Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique—Université de Rennes 1, Rennes,
France
| | - A Atlan
- Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique—Université de Rennes 1, Rennes,
France
| | - V Roussel
- Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique—Université de Rennes 1, Rennes,
France
| | - Y M Buckley
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental
Decision, The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences,
Queensland, Australia
| | - M Tarayre
- Ecobio, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique—Université de Rennes 1, Rennes,
France
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Pyšek P, Hulme PE, Meyerson LA, Smith GF, Boatwright JS, Crouch NR, Figueiredo E, Foxcroft LC, Jarošík V, Richardson DM, Suda J, Wilson JRU. Hitting the right target: taxonomic challenges for, and of, plant invasions. AOB PLANTS 2013; 5:plt042. [PMCID: PMC4455668 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomic resources are essential for the effective management of invasive plants because biosecurity strategies, legislation dealing with invasive species, quarantine, weed surveillance and monitoring all depend on accurate and rapid identification of non-native taxa, and incorrect identifications can impede ecological studies. On the other hand, biological invasions have provided important tests of basic theories about species concepts. Modern taxonomy therefore needs to integrate both classical and new concepts and approaches to improve the accuracy of species identification and further refine taxonomic classification at the level of populations and genotypes in the field and laboratory. This paper explores how a lack of taxonomic expertise, and by implication a dearth of taxonomic products such as identification tools, has hindered progress in understanding and managing biological invasions. It also explores how the taxonomic endeavour could benefit from studies of invasive species. We review the literature on the current situation in taxonomy with a focus on the challenges of identifying alien plant species and explore how this has affected the study of biological invasions. Biosecurity strategies, legislation dealing with invasive species, quarantine, weed surveillance and monitoring all depend on accurate and rapid identification of non-native taxa. However, such identification can be challenging because the taxonomic skill base in most countries is diffuse and lacks critical mass. Taxonomic resources are essential for the effective management of invasive plants and incorrect identifications can impede ecological studies. On the other hand, biological invasions have provided important tests of basic theories about species concepts. Better integration of classical alpha taxonomy and modern genetic taxonomic approaches will improve the accuracy of species identification and further refine taxonomic classification at the level of populations and genotypes in the field and laboratory. Modern taxonomy therefore needs to integrate both classical and new concepts and approaches. In particular, differing points of view between the proponents of morphological and molecular approaches should be negotiated because a narrow taxonomic perspective is harmful; the rigour of taxonomic decision-making clearly increases if insights from a variety of different complementary disciplines are combined and confronted. Taxonomy plays a critical role in the study of plant invasions and in turn benefits from the insights gained from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Gideon F. Smith
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Biosystematics Research and Biodiversity Collections Division, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - James S. Boatwright
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neil R. Crouch
- Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 52099, 4007 Berea Road, Durban, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Estrela Figueiredo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Llewellyn C. Foxcroft
- Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza 1350, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Vojtěch Jarošík
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jan Suda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - John R. U. Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Invasive Species Programme, Claremont 7735, South Africa
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Panahi B, Ghorbanzadeh Neghab M. Genetic characterization of Iranian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 19:239-243. [PMID: 24431491 PMCID: PMC3656180 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-012-0155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) is valued as a source of high quality vegetable oil. 20 ISSR primers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 18 accessions of safflower collected from different geographical regions of Iran. The ISSR primers combinations revealed 57.6 % polymorphism, among 338 genetic loci amplified from the accessions. The sum of effective number of alleles and observed number of alleles were 29.76 and 36.77, respectively. To understand genetic relationships among these cultivars, Jacquards' similarity coefficient and UPGMA clustering algorithm were applied to the ISSR marker data set. ISSR markers grouped accessions into two main clusters and four sub clusters. Also, the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) supported the cluster analysis results. The results showed these genotypes have high genetic diversity, and can be used for alternative safflower breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Panahi
- Department of Biotechnology & Plant Breeding, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
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Couceiro L, López L, Ruiz JM, Barreiro R. Population structure and range expansion: the case of the invasive gastropod Cyclope neritea in northwest Iberian Peninsula. Integr Zool 2013; 7:286-298. [PMID: 22938525 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2012.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biotic invasions have a reputation for unpredictable behavior. Here, we report how slight changes in human activity responsible for the introduction and range expansion of a non-native mollusk have led to detectable differences in the genetics of the invasion. Cyclope neritea is a non-predatory gastropod introduced to 2 areas of the European Atlantic: the northwest Iberian Peninsula (NWIP) and the French Atlantic coast (FAC). Shellfish seabed farming is intense in both areas but focuses on different commercial species. Using mitochondrial gene sequences, the lower genetic diversity recorded along the NWIP suggests a more homogeneous range of source populations than in the FAC. Unlike FAC, genetic diversity and haplotype composition in the NWIP correlate with the date of first occurrence of C. neritea at each site rather than with geographical location. Although this pattern evokes the genetic signature expected under a serial-founder colonization model from a single initial enclave, a comparison with samples from potential source populations suggests that the NWIP probably experienced several independent reintroductions. The jump dispersal pattern of C. neritea in the NWIP, together with the observation that populations established in the same year are genetically undifferentiated, point to human transport as the most plausible explanation for the current range expansion. Despite evidence for human-mediated dispersal, C. neritea managed to develop a seemingly non-random genetic pattern in the NWIP. It is suggested that caution must be exerted when interpreting genetic patterns in invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Couceiro
- Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lúa López
- Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José Miguel Ruiz
- Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Scalone R, Albach DC. Degradation of sexual reproduction in Veronica filiformis after introduction to Europe. BMC Evol Biol 2012. [PMID: 23198765 PMCID: PMC3539859 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baker's law predicts that self-incompatible plant species are generally poor colonizers because their mating system requires a high diversity of genetically differentiated individuals and thus self-compatibility should develop after long-distance dispersal. However, cases like the introduction of the self-incompatible Veronica filiformis (Plantaginaceae) to Europe constitute an often overlooked alternative to this rule. This species was introduced from subalpine areas of the Pontic-Caucasian Mountains and colonized many parts of Central and Western Europe in the last century, apparently without producing seeds. To investigate the consequences of the absence of sexual reproduction in this obligate outcrosser since its introduction, AFLP fingerprints, flower morphology, pollen and ovule production and seed vitality were studied in introduced and native populations. RESULTS Interpopulation crossings of 19 introduced German populations performed in the greenhouse demonstrated that introduced populations are often unable to reproduce sexually. These results were similar to intrapopulation crossings, but this depended on the populations used for crossings. Results from AFLP fingerprinting confirmed a lack of genetic diversity in the area of introduction, which is best explained by the dispersal of clones. Flower morphology revealed the frequent presence of mutations affecting the androecium of the flower and decreasing pollen production in introduced populations. The seeds produced in our experiments were smaller, had a lower germination rate and had lower viability than seeds from the native area. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that V. filiformis was able to spread by vegetative means in the absence of sexual reproduction. This came at the cost of an accumulation of phenotypically observable mutations in reproductive characters, i.e. Muller's ratchet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Scalone
- Institut für Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Bentzelweg 9, Mainz 55099, Germany
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Origins and distribution of invasive Rubus fruticosus L. agg. (Rosaceae) clones in the Western United States. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-012-0369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Šarhanová P, Vašut RJ, Dančák M, Bureš P, Trávníček B. New insights into the variability of reproduction modes in European populations of Rubus subgen. Rubus: how sexual are polyploid brambles? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 25:319-35. [PMID: 23114637 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-012-0200-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rubus subgen. Rubus includes common European species with highly complicated taxonomy, ongoing hybridisation and facultative apomixis. Out of approximately 750 species recognised in Europe, only 3 diploid sexual species are known, along with numerous apomictic brambles that are highly connected to polyploidy. One exception of a tetraploid taxon is R. ser. Glandulosi, which is known for prevalent sexuality. This taxon highly hybridises with tetraploid members of R. ser. Discolores and leads to the origin of many hybridogenous populations and individuals. In this study, we verify reproduction modes in different diploid, triploid and tetraploid species of subgen. Rubus, with focus on taxa putatively involved in such hybridisation by applying flow cytometric seed screen analysis. We found 100 % sexuality of diploid species, whereas triploid species had obligate unreduced embryo sac development. In contrast, tetraploid plants had varying degrees of sexuality. Additionally, we discovered that R. bifrons has the ability to undergo a reproduction mode switch as a reaction to environmental conditions. These results provide insight into reproductive modes of European brambles and shed light on their reticulate evolution and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Šarhanová
- Department of Botany, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Paynter Q, Overton JM, Hill RL, Bellgard SE, Dawson MI. Plant traits predict the success of weed biocontrol. J Appl Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02178.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Paynter
- Landcare Research; Private Bag 92170; Auckland; 1142; New Zealand
| | | | - Richard L. Hill
- Richard Hill & Associates; Private Bag 4704; Christchurch; 8024; New Zealand
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Voss N, Eckstein RL, Durka W. Range expansion of a selfing polyploid plant despite widespread genetic uniformity. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2012; 110:585-593. [PMID: 22730022 PMCID: PMC3400446 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ongoing and previous range expansions have a strong influence on population genetic structure of plants. In turn, genetic variation in the new range may affect the population dynamics and the expansion process. The annual Ceratocapnos claviculata (Papaveraceae) has expanded its Atlantic European range in recent decades towards the north and east. Patterns of genetic diversity were investigated across the native range to assess current population structure and phylogeographical patterns. A test was then made as to whether genetic diversity is reduced in the neophytic range and an attempt was made to identify source regions of the expansion. METHODS Samples were taken from 55 populations in the native and 34 populations in the neophytic range (Sweden, north-east Germany). Using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers an analysis was made of genetic variation and population structure (Bayesian statistical modelling) and population differentiation was quantified. Pollen/ovule ratio was analysed as a proxy for the breeding system. KEY RESULTS Genetic diversity at population level was very low (mean H(e) = 0·004) and two multilocus genotypes dominated large parts of the new range. Population differentiation was strong (F(ST) = 0·812). These results and a low pollen/ovule ratio are consistent with an autogamous breeding system. Genetic variation decreased from the native to the neophytic range. Within the native range, H(e) decreased towards the north-east, whereas population size increased. According to the Bayesian cluster analysis, the putative source regions of the neophytic range are situated in north-west Germany and adjacent regions. CONCLUSIONS Ceratocapnos claviculata shows a cline of genetic variation due to postglacial recolonization from putative Pleistocene refugia in south-west Europe. Nevertheless, the species has expanded successfully during the past 40 years to southern Sweden and north-east Germany where it occurs as an opportunistic neophyte. Recent expansion was mainly human-mediated by single long-distance diaspore transport and was facilitated by habitat modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Voss
- Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Li Y, Guo X, Cao X, Deng W, Luo W, Wang W. Population genetic structure and post-establishment dispersal patterns of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii in China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40652. [PMID: 22808222 PMCID: PMC3393698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was introduced to China in the early 20(th) century. It has been spread to almost all forms of fresh water bodies including lakes, rivers and even paddyfields in most provinces of China. To clarify issues such as the initial entry point(s), dispersal pattern, genetic diversity and genetic structure of Procambarus clarkii in China, the genetic structure and diversity of P. clarkii populations at 37 sampling sites (35 from China, one from the USA and one from Japan) were analyzed using both mitochondrial gene sequences (COI and 16S rRNA) and 12 nuclear microsatellites. Multiple tests including phylogenetic analyses, Bayesian assignment and analysis of isolation by distance showed that (i) the population from Japan and those collected from China, particularly from NanJing (BGt and XG) and its some neighboring sites (CJr, NT and NB), have similar genetic composition, (ii) relatively high genetic diversity was detected in Chinese populations, (iii) the P. clarkii populations in China did not experience significant population expansions. Taken together, Nanjing, Jiangsu province is the presumed initial entry point, and human-mediated dispersal and adaptive variation are likely responsible for the observed genetic pattern of P. clarkii in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhe Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Fisheries, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianwu Guo
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Boulevard del Maestro esquina Elías Piña, Colonia Narciso Mendoza, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Xiaojuan Cao
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Luo
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Papura D, Burban C, van Helden M, Giresse X, Nusillard B, Guillemaud T, Kerdelhué C. Microsatellite and mitochondrial data provide evidence for a single major introduction for the Neartic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus in Europe. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36882. [PMID: 22629338 PMCID: PMC3356346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaphoideus titanus, a leafhopper native to North America and invasive in Europe, is the vector of the Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, the causal agent of the most important form of grapevine yellows in European vineyards. We studied 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a 623 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene in native S. titanus from north-eastern America and introduced European populations, to elucidate the colonization scenario. Consistent with their recent history, invasive European populations were less genetically diverse than American populations for both types of markers, suggesting a recent bottleneck. Significant isolation by distance was detected between American populations but not between European populations. None of the European mitochondrial haplotypes was found in the American vineyards, from which they are assumed to have originated. The precise source of the invasive S. titanus populations therefore remains unclear. Nevertheless, the high heterozygosity of North-East American populations (which contained 92% of the observed alleles) suggests that this region is part of the native range of S. titanus. Clustering population genetics analyses with microsatellite and mitochondrial data suggested that European populations originated from a single introduction event. Most of the introduced populations clustered with populations from Long Island, the Atlantic Coast winegrowing region in which Vitis aestivalis occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daciana Papura
- Université. Bordeaux, ISVV, UMR 1065 SAVE F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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Li XM, Liao WJ, Wolfe LM, Zhang DY. No evolutionary shift in the mating system of north American Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asteraceae) following its introduction to China. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31935. [PMID: 22384104 PMCID: PMC3285193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mating system plays a key role during the process of plant invasion. Contemporary evolution of uniparental reproduction (selfing or asexuality) can relieve the challenges of mate limitation in colonizing populations by providing reproductive assurance. Here we examined aspects of the genetics of colonization in Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a North American native that is invasive in China. This species has been found to possess a strong self-incompatibility system and have high outcrossing rates in North America and we examined whether there has been an evolutionary shift towards the dependence on selfing in the introduced range. Specifically, we estimated outcrossing rates in one native and five invasive populations and compared levels of genetic diversity between North America and China. Based on six microsatellite loci we found that, like the native North American population, all five Chinese populations possessed a completely outcrossing mating system. The estimates of paternity correlations were low, ranging from 0.028-0.122, which suggests that populations possessed ~8-36 pollen donor parents contributing to each maternal plant in the invasive populations. High levels of genetic diversity for both native and invasive populations were found with the unbiased estimate of gene diversity ranging from 0.262-0.289 for both geographic ranges based on AFLP markers. Our results demonstrate that there has been no evolutionary shift from outcrossing to selfing during A. artemisiifolia's invasion of China. Furthermore, high levels of genetic variation in North America and China indicate that there has been no erosion of genetic variance due to a bottleneck during the introduction process. We suggest that the successful invasion of A. artemisiifolia into Asia was facilitated by repeated introductions from multiple source populations in the native range creating a diverse gene pool within Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Jin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Lorne M. Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Da-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Snyder RE, Adler PB. Coexistence and Coevolution in Fluctuating Environments: Can the Storage Effect Evolve? Am Nat 2011; 178:E76-84. [DOI: 10.1086/661905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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DeWalt SJ, Siemann E, Rogers WE. Geographic distribution of genetic variation among native and introduced populations of Chinese tallow tree, Triadica sebifera (Euphorbiaceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:1128-1138. [PMID: 21730337 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Invasive plants often display genetically determined variation in patterns of growth and resource allocation between native and introduced genotypes, as well as among genotypes within different regions of the introduced range. We examined patterns of genetic variation within and among native and introduced populations of the tetraploid Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera, Euphorbiaceae) to determine whether nonselective evolutionary processes or the introduction history could contribute to previously observed phenotypic differences between native and introduced populations as well as among introduced populations. METHODS We used six microsatellite markers to study 12 native populations in China, 51 introduced populations in the southeastern USA, and one introduced population in Australia. KEY RESULTS Genetic diversity was greater within and among native populations than introduced populations. Within the southeastern USA, populations in Georgia and South Carolina differed substantially in their genetic composition and had greater genetic diversity than the rest of the southeastern USA. Greater genetic similarity between some populations in the native range and introduced range indicate a common provenance for Georgia and South Carolina populations that could have come from any of several western or southern Chinese populations and a different provenance for other southeastern USA populations and the Australian population, which were most similar to more northeastern Chinese populations. CONCLUSIONS Differences among introduced populations in potentially adaptive traits (e.g., herbivore tolerance, herbivore resistance, growth rates) may result in part from the introduction history, in particular from differences present among source populations in the native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
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Genetic diversity in the invasive Rubus phoenicolasius as compared to the native Rubus argutus using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Biol Invasions 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Verlaque R, Affre L, Diadema K, Suehs CM, Médail F. Unexpected morphological and karyological changes in invasive Carpobrotus (Aizoaceae) in Provence (S-E France) compared to native South African species. C R Biol 2011; 334:311-9. [PMID: 21513901 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization processes can lead to evolutionary changes, particularly in co-introduced congeneric plant species, such as Carpobrotus spp. which are recognized as invasive in Mediterranean climate regions. Morphological and karyological comparisons have therefore been made between native Carpobrotus edulis and C. acinaciformis in South Africa and their invasive counterparts in Provence (C. edulis and C. aff. acinaciformis). Morphological data exhibited the most significant differences in invasive C. aff. acinaciformis that forms a new phenotypic variant. Unexpected chromosomal restructuring has been highlighted for both taxa in Provence, with in particular a clear decrease in asymmetry, an increase in the intraspecific variability, and an interspecific convergence of karyotypes. These changes suggest a drift that has facilitated various crosses, and has been amplified through hybridization/introgression. Furthermore, several morphological and karyological transgressive characters have been found in the two invasive taxa. These results stress the important role and the rapidity of karyological changes in invasive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régine Verlaque
- UMR CNRS IRD, institut méditerranéen d'écologie et de paléoécologie, université de Provence, centre St.-Charles, Marseille, France.
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Fernández-Mazuecos M, Vargas P. Genetically depauperate in the continent but rich in oceanic islands: Cistus monspeliensis (Cistaceae) in the Canary Islands. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17172. [PMID: 21347265 PMCID: PMC3038934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population genetic theory holds that oceanic island populations are expected to have lower levels of genetic variation than their mainland counterparts, due to founder effect after island colonization from the continent. Cistus monspeliensis (Cistaceae) is distributed in both the Canary Islands and the Mediterranean region. Numerous phylogenetic results obtained in the last years allow performing further phylogeographic analyses in Cistus. Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed sequences from multiple plastid DNA regions in 47 populations of Cistus monspeliensis from the Canary Islands (21 populations) and the Mediterranean basin (26 populations). The time-calibrated phylogeny and phylogeographic analyses yielded the following results: (1) a single, ancestral haplotype is distributed across the Mediterranean, whereas 10 haplotypes in the Canary Islands; (2) four haplotype lineages are present in the Canarian Islands; (3) multiple colonization events across the archipelago are inferred; (4) the earliest split of intraspecific lineages occurred in the Early to Middle Pleistocene (<930,000 years BP). Conclusions/Significance The contrasting pattern of cpDNA variation is best explained by genetic bottlenecks in the Mediterranean during Quaternary glaciations, while the Canarian archipelago acted as a refugium of high levels of genetic diversity. Active colonization across the Canarian islands is supported not only by the distribution of C. monspeliensis in five of the seven islands, but also by our phylogeographic reconstruction in which unrelated haplotypes are present on the same island. Widespread distribution of thermophilous habitats on every island, as those found throughout the Mediterranean, has likely been responsible for the successful colonization of C. monspeliensis, despite the absence of a long-distance dispersal mechanism. This is the first example of a plant species with higher genetic variation among oceanic island populations than among those of the continent.
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Dybdahl MF, Drown DM. The absence of genotypic diversity in a successful parthenogenetic invader. Biol Invasions 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-010-9923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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