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Antiparasitic Tannin-Rich Plants from the South of Europe for Grazing Livestock: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020201. [PMID: 36670741 PMCID: PMC9855007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Internal parasites are one of the main causes of health threats in livestock production, especially in extensive livestock farming. Despite the environmental toxic effects (loss of dung beetles, biodiversity, and other issues) and resistance phenomenon derived from their prolonged use, anti-parasitic chemical pharmaceuticals are frequently used, even in organic farming. Such a situation within the context of climate change requires urgent exploration of alternative compounds to solve these problems and apparent conflicts between organic farming objectives regarding the environment, public health, and animal health. This review is focused on some plants (Artemisia spp., Cichorium intybus L., Ericaceae family, Hedysarum coronarium L., Lotus spp., Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) that are well known for their antiparasitic effect, are voluntarily grazed and ingested, and can be spontaneously found or cultivated in southern Europe and other regions with a Mediterranean climate. The differences found between effectiveness, parasite species affected, in vitro/in vivo experiments, and active compounds are explored. A total of 87 papers where antiparasitic activity of those plants have been studied are included in this review; 75% studied the effect on ruminant parasites, where gastrointestinal nematodes were the parasite group most studied (70%), and these included natural (31%) and experimental (37%) infections.
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Inclusion of Sainfoin in the Diet Might Alter Strongyle Infection in Naturally Infected Horses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080955. [PMID: 35454202 PMCID: PMC9029355 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Control of equine parasites using synthetic drugs raises concerns, as drug resistance is increasing, especially for cyathostomins which are very common parasites in horses. As these parasites can be harmful for equine health, it is therefore necessary to find alternative solutions to control their populations. Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a legume that contains high levels of polyphenols, and that has demonstrated anti-parasitic activity in ruminants. This study aimed to assess whether sainfoin could also be a natural solution to regulate equine cyathostomins. We observed that the horses that consumed around 1.7 kg sainfoin per day excreted less parasites eggs in the feces, suggesting that sainfoin either decreases the number of intestinal adult worms or alters their fertility. However, we did not find any effect of the diet on egg excretion following the treatment with an anthelmintic drug. The parasite larvae that developed from eggs coming from horses fed sainfoin were less motile, which can be beneficial to reduce pasture contamination. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms that lead to a possible reduction in egg excretion and to provide recommendations for practitioners. Abstract It is increasingly difficult to control equine strongyles with synthetic drugs, as resistance is commonly observed. Here, we investigated the possible anthelmintic effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), a polyphenol-rich legume, in naturally infected horses. On Day 0 (D0), 17 horses were allocated to three different homogenous groups in terms of fecal egg count (FEC): the control group (CONT) received a diet composed on a DM basis of 83% hay and 17% wheat bran, while in the sainfoin 1 (SF1) and sainfoin 2 (SF2) groups, half or all wheat bran, respectively, was replaced by dehydrated sainfoin pellets. The infection dynamics were monitored by weekly FEC, from D0 to D84. On D28, all horses were treated with fenbendazole. Larval motility was assessed from coprocultures at D0, D28, D56 and D84. Horses in Group SF2 had lower FEC from D7 to D28. After fenbendazole treatment, no effect of the diet was measured on FEC. Both before and after anthelmintic treatment, larvae from horses consuming sainfoin were less motile than larvae from the CONT group. These results suggest that sainfoin has an in vivo anthelmintic activity in naturally infected horses, although this effect appears to be context-dependent.
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Potential of Tunisian carob pulp as feed for ruminants: chemical composition and in vitro assessment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:58. [PMID: 35032221 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The nutritive value of the carob fruits harvested from ten different geographic regions of the North and the Center of Tunisia was assessed on the basis of chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation kinetic. Results showed that the chemical composition (ash, crude protein, fat, and sugar) of carob pods was highly influenced by geographic origin. Neutral detergent fiber varied from 24.37 to 35.58 g/100 g DM, acid detergent fiber from 13.24 to 25.15 g/100 g DM, and acid detergent lignin from 4.72 to 11.09 g/100 g DM. Total phenol, flavonoids, and condensed tannin contents varied from 2.55 to 6.84 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g DM, from 74.89 to 276.51, and from 0.23 to 1.63 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/100 g DM, respectively. The samples varied widely in asymptotic gas production (66.6-86.34 ml/300 mg DM). The calculated metabolizable energy and digestible organic matter contents of carob pods ranged from 65.09 to 84.65% and 9.84 to 12.82 MJ/kg DM, respectively.
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Saratsi K, Hoste H, Voutzourakis N, Tzanidakis N, Stefanakis A, Thamsborg SM, Mueller-Harvey I, Hadjigeorgiou I, Sotiraki S. Feeding of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) to sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes reduces faecal egg counts and worm fecundity. Vet Parasitol 2020; 284:109200. [PMID: 32871390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins (CT) in carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pods fed to sheep against gastrointestinal nematodes. Three independent in vivo trials tested whether i) carob pod (CaBP)-containing feed had an anthelmintic effect and if yes, which was the optimal concentration in the diet; ii) whether this effect could be attributed to tannins through the polyethylene glycol (PEG) test and iii) whether there were any synergistic effects when combined with another tannin-containing feed (e.g. sainfoin). In all trials 6-month old nematode-naive lambs, experimentally infected with both Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, were used. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed regularly and at the end of each trial adult worm counts (AWC) and female worm fecundity were recorded. In trial 1, 35 lambs (five groups of seven lambs) were fed different CaBP concentrations ranging from 0% to 12 % w/w. FEC declined up to 39.2 % only in the group fed with 12 %CaBP, while a declining trend (P < 0.06) was demonstrated for the AWC of T. colubriformis, which was associated with the increasing concentration of CaBP in feed. Female worm fecundity was reduced in groups fed CaBP for both parasites, however this was only significant for H. contortus (P < 0.001), in a dose dependent manner. In trial 2, four groups of six infected lambs each were used, which received the carob diets CaBP or CaBP + PEG, and the tannin-free diets with or without PEG (C or C + PEG). Results showed that FEC of Groups C, C + PEG, and CaBP + PEG were comparable throughout the trial, while the group receiving only CaBP showed lower FEC from DAY 25 onwards. AWC showed a reduction (67.7 %) only for H. contortus (P < 0.03). Reversal of the anthelmintic effect of CaBP after PEG administration suggested that CT contributed to the anthelmintic action. However, no effect of CaBP was observed on T. colubriformis AWC and on female worm fecundity for both species. Finally, for trial 3 four groups of six lambs each received a diet based on CaBP, sainfoin (S) or a combination (CaBP + S) and were compared to a control (C) diet of lucerne. On DAY 37 FEC values in groups CaBP + S and S tended to be lower compared to the two other groups (C, CaBP), while for AWCs no significant differences were observed for both parasites. The fecundity of H. contortus and T. colubriformis demonstrated significant differences between the treated and control groups, with lower values in the animals receiving CaBP + S. Overall, the results supported the hypothesis that carob had an anthelmintic effect due to its CT, but there was no clear indication of a synergistic effect with sainfoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Saratsi
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRAE, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, F-31076, France; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, F-31076, France
| | - Nikolaos Voutzourakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzanidakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Stefanakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AT, UK
| | - Ioannis Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano C, Torres-Acosta JFDJ, Fourquaux I, Sandoval-Castro CA, Hoste H. Ultrastructural study of adult Haemonchus contortus exposed to polyphenol-rich materials under in vivo conditions in goats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:65. [PMID: 31738160 PMCID: PMC6859865 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2019065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the ultrastructural changes caused in adult Haemonchus contortus obtained from goats fed fodder based on polyphenol-rich plants Lysiloma latisiliquum or Onobrychis viciifolia or from goats drenched with quebracho extract, Schinopsis spp. The H. contortus were obtained from artificially infected goats used as models to investigate the anthelmintic effect of feeding or drenching with the polyphenol-rich materials. Nematode populations were exposed to polyphenol-rich plant materials by feeding host goats for 8 consecutive days (D28 to D35 post-infection) with (a) L. latisiliquum fodder at 800 g fresh basis/day, (b) O. viciifolia fodder offered ad libitum, and (c) drenched with a solution containing quebracho extract (90 g/day). Meanwhile, control H. contortus were obtained from goats fed polyphenol-free diets. The H. contortus specimens were recovered from the goats on D36 post-infection, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify ultrastructural changes. In vivo exposure to different polyphenol-rich plant materials caused vacuolization of the nematodes’ intestinal, muscular and hypodermal cells. These alterations represent the first evidence of cell damage caused in H. contortus when hosts were fed or drenched with polyphenol-rich materials. Ultrastructural changes affecting several types of cells could explain modifications in worm motility and nutrition, eventually affecting H. contortus reproductive success. This study contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms of action of polyphenol-rich plants against H. contortus when given as nutraceuticals to goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintli Martínez-Ortiz-de-Montellano
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Colonia UNAM, CU, Delegación Coyoacán, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Felipe de Jesús Torres-Acosta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, CCBA, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, 97100 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Isabelle Fourquaux
- CMEAB, Faculté de Médecine de Rangueil, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Carlos Alfredo Sandoval-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, CCBA, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, 97100 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRA UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, 23 chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France - Université de Toulouse, ENVT, UMR 1225, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Legendre H, Saratsi K, Voutzourakis N, Saratsis A, Stefanakis A, Gombault P, Hoste H, Gidenne T, Sotiraki S. Coccidiostatic effects of tannin-rich diets in rabbit production. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3705-3713. [PMID: 30229294 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The potential anti-eimerial effect of tannin containing resources such as sainfoin and carob in rabbits was tested on does at pre-weaning and to growing rabbits in their feed. The trial began at parturition (D0), when 24 does and their litters were assigned into three groups. They were fed either with a control (Group CO), a carob (containing 10% carob pods meal) (Group CP) or a sainfoin diet (containing 34% dehydrated sainfoin pellets) (Group SA). All diets were made isoproteic and isoenergetic and also balanced for crude fibre but differed by their tannin content. Weaning occurred at D37, and growing rabbits remained in the same cage until D51. Then, they were transferred to fattening cages until the end of the trial (D104) and slaughtering. Weight gain of young rabbits among the three groups (mean = 31.2 g/day) did not differ statistically. The mortality rates were 10% (SA), 15% (CP) and 20% (CO), respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. Post-weaning economical feed conversion ratio (FCR) was reduced between rabbits of group SA compared to CO and CP groups. Faecal oocyst count (FOC) in group SA was 60% lower than in CO and CP groups. Areas under the curve (AUCs) calculated between sampling days and FOC, after transfer to fattening cages, was 62% lower in group SA than in CO and CP groups. The main Eimeria species identified (from D59 to D83) was Eimeria magna (53% of oocysts). AUCs for E. magna did not differ according to diet. In conclusion, the diet containing sainfoin reduced oocyst excretion of Eimeria spp. by 60%, and improved the economical FCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Legendre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France.,Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.,UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - K Saratsi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Voutzourakis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Saratsis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Stefanakis
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Gombault
- MULTIFOLIA, 1bis grande Rue, 10380, Viâpre Le Petit, France
| | - H Hoste
- UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - T Gidenne
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - S Sotiraki
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Quijada J, Drake C, Gaudin E, El-Korso R, Hoste H, Mueller-Harvey I. Condensed Tannin Changes along the Digestive Tract in Lambs Fed with Sainfoin Pellets or Hazelnut Skins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2136-2142. [PMID: 29424229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The variable anthelmintic efficacy of condensed tannins (CT) against gastrointestinal nematodes may depend on CT concentration, composition, or fate along the digestive tract. We analyzed CT concentration and composition by acetone-HCl-butanol and thiolysis coupled to HPLC-MS in digesta and feces of lambs. Lambs had been infected with Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis and received sainfoin pellets and hazelnut skins of contrasting prodelphinidin/procyanidin ratios. The digesta and feces had lower CT concentrations than the original feeds but similar concentration patterns across the digestive compartments. The changes in assayable CT concentrations between rumen, abomasum, and small intestine may be due to complex formation between CT and other dietary components. However, the large CT disappearance (61-85%) from feed to feces could also indicate that CT may have been structurally modified, degraded, or absorbed during digestion. Interestingly, there were no changes in the structural features of assayable CT in the digesta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
| | - Christopher Drake
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT , United Kingdom
| | - Elodie Gaudin
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- MG2MIX, La Basse Haye , Châteaubourg F-35220 , France
| | - Ramzi El-Korso
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
- Université de Toulouse, ENVT , 23 Chemin des Capelles , Toulouse F-31076 , France
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development , University of Reading , P.O. Box 236, Reading RG6 6AT , United Kingdom
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Poutaraud A, Michelot-Antalik A, Plantureux S. Grasslands: A Source of Secondary Metabolites for Livestock Health. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6535-6553. [PMID: 28704611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The need for environmentally friendly practices in animal husbandry, in conjunction with the reduction of the use of synthetic chemicals, leads us to reconsider our agricultural production systems. In that context, grassland secondary metabolites (GSMs) could offer an alternative way to support to livestock health. In fact, grasslands, especially those with high dicotyledonous plant species, present a large, pharmacologically active reservoir of secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, carotenoids, and quinones). These molecules have activities that could improve or deteriorate health and production. This Review presents the main families of GSMs and uses examples to describe their known impact on animal health in husbandry. Techniques involved for their study are also described. A particular focus is put on anti-oxidant activities of GSMs. In fact, numerous husbandry pathologies, such as inflammation, are linked to oxidative stress and can be managed by a diet rich in anti-oxidants. The different approaches and techniques used to evaluate grassland quality for livestock health highlight the lack of efficient and reliable technics to study the activities of this complex phytococktail. Better knowledge and management of this animal health resource constitute a new multidisciplinary research field and a challenge to maintain and valorize grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Poutaraud
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, INRA , UMR 1121, Colmar, 29 rue de Herrlisheim, F-68021 Colmar Cedex, France
| | - Alice Michelot-Antalik
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Plantureux
- Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement, Université de Lorraine , UMR 1121, 2 Avenue de la forêt de Haye - TSA 40602, F-54518 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
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Desrues O, Mueller-Harvey I, Pellikaan WF, Enemark HL, Thamsborg SM. Condensed Tannins in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Cattle after Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Intake and Their Possible Relationship with Anthelmintic Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1420-1427. [PMID: 28120611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins' (CTs) fate along the digestive tract of ruminants may account for the variable efficacy of CTs against gastrointestinal nematodes. We analyzed CTs in the digesta of cattle fed sainfoin. With the acetone-butanol-HCl assay, the total CTs concentrations in the digesta were close to those in the diets (6.3 and 1.5% of DM in experiments 1 and 2, respectively); thus, CTs remained potentially largely undegraded/unabsorbed. With the thiolysis assay, CTs concentration was much higher in the abomasum (2.3% of DM; expt 1) compared with the rumen and intestines, along with higher mean size and prodelphinidins percentage, corroborating CTs efficacy reported only against Ostertagia ostertagi in the abomasum. In expt 2, the dietary levels of CTs were probably too low to demonstrate anthelmintic effects in the rumen. Overall, the level of CTs accessible to thiolysis is favored under the acidic conditions of the abomasum, which seems critical for anthelmintic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Desrues
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading , Reading RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - Wilbert F Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research , P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Section for Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark , Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute , P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology Group, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen , Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Al-Olayan EM, El-Khadragy MF, Alajmi RA, Othman MS, Bauomy AA, Ibrahim SR, Abdel Moneim AE. Ceratonia siliqua pod extract ameliorates Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver fibrosis and oxidative stress. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:434. [PMID: 27821159 PMCID: PMC5100080 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a prevalent parasitic disease found predominantly in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the developing world, with the second highest socioeconomic and public health burden despite strenuous control efforts. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of Ceratonia siliqua pod extract (CPE) on liver fibrosis and oxidative stress in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Methods The schistosomal hepatopathologic mouse model was established by tail immersion with schistosomal cercaria. The extract was given daily for 10 days beginning 42 days post-infection. Liver samples were obtained from mice sacrificed 9 weeks after infection. Liver histopathological changes were observed with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Results Typical schistosomal hepatopathologic changes were induced in the untreated mice. However, the oral administration of CPE was effective in reducing worm number and the egg load in the liver. This treatment also decreased granuloma size and collagen deposition by inhibiting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) expression. Schistosomal infection induced oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitrite/nitrate (nitric oxide; NO) production along with concomitant decreases in glutathione (GSH) and various antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. However, treatment of mice with CPE at 300 or 600 mg/kg inhibited LPO and NO production, increased GSH content, and restored the activities of the antioxidant enzymes compared with untreated infected mice. Furthermore, treatment with CPE inhibited apoptosis, as indicated by the reduced Bax expression in hepatic tissue. Conclusion These data indicated that extracts from Ceratonia siliqua pods may play an important role in combating schistosomal hepatopathology and may inhibit granuloma formation and liver fibrosis through down-regulation of TIMP-2 expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1389-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Desrues O, Peña-Espinoza M, Hansen TVA, Enemark HL, Thamsborg SM. Anti-parasitic activity of pelleted sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) against Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora in calves. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:329. [PMID: 27283323 PMCID: PMC4901493 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing anthelmintic-resistance in nematodes of ruminants emphasises the need for sustainable parasite control. Condensed tannin-containing legume forages such as sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) have shown promising anthelmintic properties in small ruminants but this has never been explored in cattle. Therefore, our aim was to examine the efficacy of sainfoin against cattle nematodes in vivo. Methods Fifteen Jersey male calves (2–4 month-old) were allocated into two groups and fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets mainly composed of sainfoin pellets (Group SF; n = 9, three pens) or concentrate and grass-clover hay (Group CO; n = 6, two pens). After 16 days of adaptation, all animals were experimentally infected with 10,000 and 66,000 third-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora, respectively. Egg excretion, blood parameters and bodyweights were recorded throughout the study. Worms were harvested by sieving for quantification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 42 days post-infection (dpi) when the calves were necropsied. Results The number of O. ostertagi adults in the abomasum was reduced by 50 % in Group SF compared with Group CO (P < 0.05). This was further reflected in higher albumin (P < 0.1) and lower pepsinogen levels (P < 0.05) in Group SF at 21 dpi, and structural damage of the worm cuticle could be visualised by SEM. Yet, the nematode egg excretion in Group SF was not significantly different from that of the controls (P > 0.05). Likewise, no statistical difference in total worm burdens of C. oncophora was found between the groups. Weight gains were lower for Group SF (P < 0.05), which may reflect lower digestibility and phosphorus levels in the SF diet, despite similar feed intake at pen-level. Conclusions Overall, the effect of sainfoin on abomasal nematodes corroborates results from studies with small ruminants and encourages further investigations of the use of this crop for control of cattle nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Desrues
- Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Miguel Peña-Espinoza
- Section of Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Tina V A Hansen
- Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Section of Bacteriology, Pathology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Norwegian Veterinary Institute, PO Box 750, Sentrum, N-0106, Norway
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Quijada J, Chan-Perez I, Dakheel MM, Kommuru DS, Mueller-Harvey I, Terrill TH. Interactions Between Nutrition and Infections With Haemonchus contortus and Related Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Small Ruminants. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 93:239-351. [PMID: 27238007 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between host nutrition and feeding behaviour are central to understanding the pathophysiological consequences of infections of the digestive tract with parasitic nematodes. The manipulation of host nutrition provides useful options to control gastrointestinal nematodes as a component of an integrated strategy. Focussed mainly on the Haemonchus contortus infection model in small ruminants, this chapter (1) illustrates the relationship between quantitative (macro- and micro-nutrients) and qualitative (plant secondary metabolites) aspects of host nutrition and nematode infection, and (2) shows how basic studies aimed at addressing some generic questions can help to provide solutions, despite the considerable diversity of epidemiological situations and breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - J Quijada
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - I Chan-Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - M M Dakheel
- University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kommuru
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
| | | | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, United States
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The effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) and carob pods (Ceratonia siliqua) feeding regimes on the control of lamb coccidiosis. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2233-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hoste H, Torres-Acosta JFJ, Sandoval-Castro CA, Mueller-Harvey I, Sotiraki S, Louvandini H, Thamsborg SM, Terrill TH. Tannin containing legumes as a model for nutraceuticals against digestive parasites in livestock. Vet Parasitol 2015; 212:5-17. [PMID: 26190131 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) still represent a worldwide major pathological threat associated with the outdoor production of various livestock species. Because of the widespread resistance to synthetic chemical anthelmintics, there is a strong impetus to explore novel approaches for a more integrated management of these infections. The use of nutraceuticals in the control of GINs is one of the alternatives which has been widely studied for 20 years. The objectives of this review are: (i) to define and illustrate the concept of 'nutraceutical' in the context of veterinary parasitology based on data obtained on the most studied models to control GINs in small ruminants, the tannin-containing legumes (Fabaceae); (ii) to illustrate how the 'nutraceutical concept' could be expanded to other plants, other livestock production systems and other GI parasitic diseases, and (iii) to explain how this concept is opening up new research fields for better understanding the interactions between the host, the digestive parasites and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hoste
- INRA, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse F-31076, France.
| | - J F J Torres-Acosta
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - C A Sandoval-Castro
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, FMVZ, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - I Mueller-Harvey
- University of Reading, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, 1 Earley Gate, P.O. Box 236, Reading, RG6 6AT, United Kingdom
| | - S Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - H Louvandini
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Centre for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T H Terrill
- Fort Valley State University,1005 State University Drive Fort Valley, GA 31030, USA
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