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Development of constrained tamoxifen mimics and their antiproliferative properties against breast cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:680-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shen B, Remzi FH, Hammel JP, Lashner BA, Bevins CL, Lavery IC, Wehkamp J, Fazio VW. Family history of Crohn's disease is associated with an increased risk for Crohn's disease of the pouch. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:163-70. [PMID: 18798573 PMCID: PMC2909753 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) of the pouch can occur in patients with restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis originally performed for a preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC). CD of the pouch was often observed in patients with a family history of CD. The purpose was to determine whether the family history of CD increased the risk for CD of the pouch in patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy. METHODS A total of 558 eligible patients seen in the Pouchitis Clinic were enrolled, including 116 patients with CD of the pouch and 442 patients with a normal pouch or other pouch disorders. Demographic and clinical variables were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS The adjusted multivariate logistic analyses revealed that the risk for CD of the pouch was increased in patients with a family history of CD, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.56-6.67), or with a first-degree relative with CD (OR = 4.18, 95% CI, 1.48-11.8), or with a greater number of family members with CD (OR = 2.00 per family member, 95% CI, 1.19-3.37), adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, duration of IBD, duration of having a pouch, and a preoperation diagnosis of indeterminate colitis or CD. In addition, patients of younger age and longer duration of having a pouch had a higher risk for CD of the pouch. A diagnosis of CD of the pouch was associated with a poor outcome, with a greater than 5-fold estimated increased odds of pouch failure (OR = 5.58, 95% CI, 2.74-11.4). CONCLUSIONS The presence of a family history of CD is associated with an increased risk for CD of the pouch, which in turn has a high risk for pouch failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Shen B, Remzi FH, Brzezinski A, Lopez R, Bennett AE, Lavery IC, Queener E, Fazio VW. Risk factors for pouch failure in patients with different phenotypes of Crohn's disease of the pouch. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:942-8. [PMID: 18300279 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) of the pouch is one of the leading causes of pouch failure in patients with restorative proctocolectomy. Risk factors for pouch failure in these patients are yet to be identified. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors associated with pouch failure in patients with CD of the pouch. METHODS All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CD of the pouch in the Pouchitis Clinic between 2002 and 2007 were evaluated. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, normal pouches, pouchitis, cuffitis, surgical complications, and other diseased pouch conditions were excluded. Pouch failure was defined as the requirement for a permanent diversion or pouch resection. Demographic and clinical factors were studied with univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS A total of 137 patients with CD of the pouch were included. Twenty-two patients (16%) developed pouch failure a median of 6 years after ileostomy takedown. Four of 50 patients (8.0%) with inflammatory CD, 4 of 30 (13.3%) with fibrostenotic CD, and 14 of 57 (24.6%) with fistulizing CD had pouch failure. A Kaplan-Meier plot for time to pouch failure by CD phenotype showed a trend toward association (P = 0.054) in patients with fistulizing CD. Adjusting for age, smoking status, and the use of immunomodulators or biologics, fistulizing CD was not found to be significantly associated with a higher hazard for pouch failure. Younger age, being an ex-smoker, and the use of immunomodulators or biologics were found to increase the hazard of pouch failure. CONCLUSIONS Younger age, being an ex-smoker, and the requirement for immunomodulators or biologics were associated with pouch failure. The identification of these risk factors may help delineate the natural history of CD of the pouch and shed light on proper clinical management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Pouchitis Clinic, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Chiriva-Internati M, Grizzi F, Weidanz JA, Ferrari R, Yuefei Y, Velez B, Shearer MH, Lowe DB, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Kast WM, Kennedy RC. A NOD/SCID tumor model for human ovarian cancer that allows tracking of tumor progression through the biomarker Sp17. J Immunol Methods 2007; 321:86-93. [PMID: 17336323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
No experimental animal model employing a primary human ovarian carcinoma (OC) cell line is presently available that tracks the progression of this cell line with an identifiable marker. This hinders investigations related to developing new approaches for treating OC. Here, we describe the development of a tumor model in NOD/SCID mice for human OC that makes use of the endogenously expressed tumor specific sperm protein 17 (Sp17) cancer testis antigen. In this model, human SKOV-3 OC cell lines were intra-peritoneally seeded. Subsequently viable SKOV-3 cells were recovered from primary organ cell cultures from the liver ovaries, abdomen, and ascitic fluid, and their presence was confirmed by the detection of Sp17 mRNA by RT-PCR and Sp17 protein by immunocytochemistry and FACS analysis. When SKOV-3 tumor cells were administered intravenously the mice developed primarily lung tumor foci. This model makes it possible to evaluate new immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of human OC based on the biomarker Sp17.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Calmodulin-Binding Proteins
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Separation
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Injections, Intravenous
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Membrane Proteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Transplantation/methods
- Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.
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Grizzi F, Franceschini B, Hamrick C, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Usefulness of cancer-testis antigens as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2007; 5:3. [PMID: 17244360 PMCID: PMC1797003 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our cellular and molecular knowledge, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the major public health problems throughout the world. It is now known to be highly heterogeneous: it encompasses various pathological entities and a wide range of clinical behaviors, and is underpinned by a complex array of gene alterations that affect supra-molecular processes. Four families of HCC tumour markers have been recently proposed: a) onco-fetal and glycoprotein antigens; b) enzymes and iso-enzymes; c) cytokines and d) genes. A category of tumour-associated antigens called cancer-testis (CT) antigens has been identified and their encoding genes have been extensively investigated. CT antigens are expressed in a limited number of normal tissues as well as in malignant tumors of unrelated histological origin, including the liver. Given that cancers are being recognized as increasingly complex, we here review the role of CT antigens as liver tumour biomarkers and their validation process, and discuss why they may improve the effectiveness of screening HCC patients and help in determining the risk of developing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Franceschini
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cody Hamrick
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Eldo E Frezza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, 3601 4th St., 79430 Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Shen B, Fazio VW, Remzi FH, Bennett AE, Brzezinski A, Lopez R, Oikonomou I, Sherman KK, Lashner B. Risk factors for clinical phenotypes of Crohn's disease of the ileal pouch. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101:2760-8. [PMID: 17227523 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) of the pouch can occur in patients with colectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) originally performed for a preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. The clinical presentations of CD of the pouch are inflammatory, fibrostenotic, and fistulizing. Risk factors for clinical phenotypes of CD of the pouch have not been characterized. METHODS A total of 78 eligible patients with CD of the pouch together with 294 nonselected non-CD patients with IPAA seen in the Pouchitis Clinic were enrolled, including 28 with inflammatory CD, 18 with fibrostenotic CD, and 32 with fistulizing CD. The clinical phenotypes of CD were diagnosed based on a combined assessment of clinical, endoscopic, radiographic, and histologic features. Three separate analyses were performed, and for each analysis, the outcome of interest was having one of the phenotypes versus not having it. A stepwise selection multivariable logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis, the risk factor for inflammatory CD was higher afferent-limb endoscopy scores (hazard ratio [HR] 1.87 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.54-2.27); the risk factors for fibrostenotic CD were higher afferent-limb (95% CI 1.81-3.48, HR 2.51) and higher cuff (95% CI 1.01-1.84, HR 1.36) endoscopy scores; and for fistulizing CD the risk factors were younger age (95% CI 0.93-0.99, HR 0.96), female gender (95% CI 1.35-6.97, HR 3.07), a preoperative diagnosis of indeterminate colitis (95% CI 1.72-9.34, HR 4.00), and no use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (95% CI 1.31-8.25, HR 3.28). CONCLUSIONS Each of the three phenotypes of CD of the pouch was associated with certain risk factors, suggesting that each of these diseases has a different etiology and disease process. The identification and management of some of the modifiable risk factors may reduce CD-related morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Grizzi F, Di Ieva A, Russo C, Frezza EE, Cobos E, Muzzio PC, Chiriva-Internati M. Cancer initiation and progression: an unsimplifiable complexity. Theor Biol Med Model 2006; 3:37. [PMID: 17044918 PMCID: PMC1621057 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-3-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer remains one of the most complex diseases affecting humans and, despite the impressive advances that have been made in molecular and cell biology, how cancer cells progress through carcinogenesis and acquire their metastatic ability is still widely debated. CONCLUSION There is no doubt that human carcinogenesis is a dynamic process that depends on a large number of variables and is regulated at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Viewing cancer as a system that is dynamically complex in time and space will, however, probably reveal more about its underlying behavioural characteristics. It is encouraging that mathematicians, biologists and clinicians continue to contribute together towards a common quantitative understanding of cancer complexity. This way of thinking may further help to clarify concepts, interpret new and old experimental data, indicate alternative experiments and categorize the acquired knowledge on the basis of the similarities and/or shared behaviours of very different tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Department of Neurosurgery, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Russo
- Laboratories of Quantitative Medicine, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eldo E Frezza
- Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Everardo Cobos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Pier Carlo Muzzio
- Department of Medical-Diagnostic Sciences and Special Therapies, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto IRCCS, Ospedale Busonera – Via Gattamelata 64, Padua, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Grizzi F, Chiriva-Internati M. Cancer: looking for simplicity and finding complexity. Cancer Cell Int 2006; 6:4. [PMID: 16480511 PMCID: PMC1382260 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most complex dynamic human disease. Despite rapid advances in the fields of molecular and cell biology, it is still widely debated as to how neoplastic cells progress through carcinogenesis and acquire their metastatic ability. The need to find a new way of observing anatomical entities and their underlying processes, and measuring the changes they undergo, prompted us to investigate the Theory of Complexity, and to apply its principles to human cancer. Viewing a neoplasm as a system that is complex in time and space it is likely to reveal more about its behavioral characteristics, and this manner of thinking may help to clarify concepts, interpret experimental data, indicate specific experiments and categorize the rich body of knowledge on the basis of the similarities and/or shared behaviors of very different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Grizzi
- Laboratori di Medicina Quantitativa, Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- "Michele Rodriguez" Foundation, Scientific Institute for the Quantitative Measures in Medicine, 20054 Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Southwest Cancer Treatment and Research Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
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Abstract
Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the surgical treatment of choice for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with medically refractory disease or dysplasia. IPAA significantly improves quality of life in UC patients who require surgery. However, certain inflammatory and noninflammatory diseases can develop after the surgery, including pouchitis, Crohn's disease of the pouch, cuffitis, and irritable pouch syndrome. The etiology and pathogenesis of these disease conditions of IPAA are largely unknown. Accurate diagnosis and classification are important for appropriate management. Endoscopic evaluation is the most important tool for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shen
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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