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Kwon MS, Chung HK, Xiao L, Yu TX, Sharma S, Cairns CM, Chen T, Chae S, Turner DJ, Wang JY. Interaction between microRNA-195 and HuR regulates Paneth cell function in the intestinal epithelium by altering SOX9 translation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C817-C829. [PMID: 39099425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00325.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Paneth cells at the bottom of small intestinal crypts secrete antimicrobial peptides, enzymes, and growth factors and contribute to pathogen clearance and maintenance of the stem cell niche. Loss of Paneth cells and their dysfunction occur commonly in various pathologies, but the mechanism underlying the control of Paneth cell function remains largely unknown. Here, we identified microRNA-195 (miR-195) as a repressor of Paneth cell development and activity by altering SOX9 translation via interaction with RNA-binding protein HuR. Tissue-specific transgenic expression of miR-195 (miR195-Tg) in the intestinal epithelium decreased the levels of mucosal SOX9 and reduced the numbers of lysozyme-positive (Paneth) cells in mice. Ectopically expressed SOX9 in the intestinal organoids derived from miR-195-Tg mice restored Paneth cell development ex vivo. miR-195 did not bind to Sox9 mRNA but it directly interacted with HuR and prevented HuR binding to Sox9 mRNA, thus inhibiting SOX9 translation. Intestinal mucosa from mice that harbored both Sox9 transgene and ablation of the HuR locus exhibited lower levels of SOX9 protein and Paneth cell numbers than those observed in miR-195-Tg mice. Inhibition of miR-195 activity by its specific antagomir improved Paneth cell function in HuR-deficient intestinal organoids. These results indicate that interaction of miR-195 with HuR regulates Paneth cell function by altering SOX9 translation in the small intestinal epithelium.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results indicate that intestinal epithelial tissue-specific transgenic miR-195 expression decreases the levels of SOX9 expression, along with reduced numbers of Paneth cells. Ectopically expressed SOX9 in the intestinal organoids derived from miR-195-Tg mice restores Paneth cell development ex vivo. miR-195 inhibits SOX9 translation by preventing binding of HuR to Sox9 mRNA. These findings suggest that interaction between miR-195 and HuR controls Paneth cell function via SOX9 in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min S Kwon
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hee K Chung
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ting-Xi Yu
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Cassandra M Cairns
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ting Chen
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Songah Chae
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Douglas J Turner
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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2
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Chu X, Tian W, Ning J, Xiao G, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Zhai Z, Tanzhu G, Yang J, Zhou R. Cancer stem cells: advances in knowledge and implications for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:170. [PMID: 38965243 PMCID: PMC11224386 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of cells in tumors that are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation, lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and maintain tumor heterogeneity. Cancer continues to be a significant global disease burden. In the past, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were the main cancer treatments. The technology of cancer treatments continues to develop and advance, and the emergence of targeted therapy, and immunotherapy provides more options for patients to a certain extent. However, the limitations of efficacy and treatment resistance are still inevitable. Our review begins with a brief introduction of the historical discoveries, original hypotheses, and pathways that regulate CSCs, such as WNT/β-Catenin, hedgehog, Notch, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, PI3K/AKT, PPAR pathway, and their crosstalk. We focus on the role of CSCs in various therapeutic outcomes and resistance, including how the treatments affect the content of CSCs and the alteration of related molecules, CSCs-mediated therapeutic resistance, and the clinical value of targeting CSCs in patients with refractory, progressed or advanced tumors. In summary, CSCs affect therapeutic efficacy, and the treatment method of targeting CSCs is still difficult to determine. Clarifying regulatory mechanisms and targeting biomarkers of CSCs is currently the mainstream idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Chu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jiaoyang Ning
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yunqi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Guilong Tanzhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410008, China.
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3
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Huang X, Yang X, Zhang M, Li T, Zhu K, Dong Y, Lei X, Yu Z, Lv C, Huang J. SELENOI Functions as a Key Modulator of Ferroptosis Pathway in Colitis and Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404073. [PMID: 38757622 PMCID: PMC11267378 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis plays important roles both in normal physiology and multiple human diseases. It is well known that selenoprotein named glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a crucial regulator for ferroptosis. However, it remains unknown whether other selenoproteins responsible for the regulation of ferroptosis, particularly in gut diseases. In this study, it is observed that Selenoprotein I (Selenoi) prevents ferroptosis by maintaining ether lipids homeostasis. Specific deletion of Selenoi in intestinal epithelial cells induced the occurrence of ferroptosis, leading to impaired intestinal regeneration and compromised colonic tumor growth. Mechanistically, Selenoi deficiency causes a remarkable decrease in ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (ePE) and a marked increase in ether-linked phosphatidylcholine (ePC). The imbalance of ePE and ePC results in the upregulation of phospholipase A2, group IIA (Pla2g2a) and group V (Pla2g5), as well as arachidonate-15-lipoxygenase (Alox15), which give rise to excessive lipid peroxidation. Knockdown of PLA2G2A, PLA2G5, or ALOX15 can reverse the ferroptosis phenotypes, suggesting that they are downstream effectors of SELENOI. Strikingly, GPX4 overexpression cannot rescue the ferroptosis phenotypes of SELENOI-knockdown cells, while SELENOI overexpression can partially rescue GPX4-knockdown-induced ferroptosis. It suggests that SELENOI prevents ferroptosis independent of GPX4. Taken together, these findings strongly support the notion that SELENOI functions as a novel suppressor of ferroptosis during colitis and colon tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food QualityDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food QualityDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Kongdi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food QualityDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xingen Lei
- Department of Animal ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Cong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food QualityDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food QualityDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthDepartment of Nutrition and HealthChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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4
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Gutiérrez-Gil MC, Espino-Larralde M, Loza-González VM, Hernández-Rodríguez HG. SOX9 immunosuppression in primary colorectal cancer tumors with lymph node metastasis. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2024; 89:369-378. [PMID: 38862362 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Colorectal cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor of the digestive system. Its pathogeny is complex and involves the APC/β-catenin sequence. Lymph node metastases are a significant indicator for determining treatment and are a prognostic factor. SOX9 overexpression is related to oncogenic qualities and the capacity for metastasis. Our aim was to analyze SOX9 immunoexpression in primary colorectal cancer and lymph node metastasis status. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-nine available cases were divided into the group with lymph node metastasis (n=38) and the group without lymph node metastasis (n=41), evaluating their SOX9 expression. The IBM SPSS version 27 program in Spanish was utilized to carry out the statistical analysis, obtaining measures of central tendency, the kappa index, standard deviation, Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney nonparametric measurements, Spearman's correlation coefficient, and chi-square test and Student's t test values. SOX9 immunoexpression was evaluated through the mean-based H-score, with high immunoexpression as a score ≥145 and low immunoexpression as a score ≤144. RESULTS A p=0.73 was obtained that was not statistically significant, regarding the relation of SOX9 expression in primary colorectal cancer to lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSIONS The absence or presence of lymph node metastasis was independent from SOX9 immunoexpression in primary colorectal cancer. However, due to the limited size of the population analyzed, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Gutiérrez-Gil
- Laboratorio de Inmunohistoquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - M Espino-Larralde
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Central "Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto", San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - V M Loza-González
- Doctorante del Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de Materiales (DICIM), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - H G Hernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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5
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Vemuri K, Kumar S, Chen L, Verzi MP. Dynamic RNA polymerase II occupancy drives differentiation of the intestine under the direction of HNF4. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114242. [PMID: 38768033 PMCID: PMC11264335 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Terminal differentiation requires massive restructuring of the transcriptome. During intestinal differentiation, the expression patterns of nearly 4,000 genes are altered as cells transition from progenitor cells in crypts to differentiated cells in villi. We identify dynamic occupancy of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to gene promoters as the primary driver of transcriptomic shifts during intestinal differentiation in vivo. Changes in enhancer-promoter looping interactions accompany dynamic Pol II occupancy and are dependent upon HNF4, a pro-differentiation transcription factor. Using genetic loss-of-function, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and immunoprecipitation (IP) mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that HNF4 collaborates with chromatin remodelers and loop-stabilizing proteins and facilitates Pol II occupancy at hundreds of genes pivotal to differentiation. We also explore alternate mechanisms that drive differentiation gene expression and find that pause-release of Pol II and post-transcriptional mRNA stability regulate smaller subsets of differentially expressed genes. These studies provide insights into the mechanisms of differentiation in renewing adult tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi Vemuri
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sneha Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease (CEED), Rutgers EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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6
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Liu Y, Wang D, Luan Y, Tao B, Li Q, Feng Q, Zhou H, Mu J, Yu J. The application of organoids in colorectal diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412489. [PMID: 38983913 PMCID: PMC11231380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are a three-dimensional cell culture model derived from colon or pluripotent stem cells. Intestinal organoids constructed in vitro strongly mimic the colon epithelium in cell composition, tissue architecture, and specific functions, replicating the colon epithelium in an in vitro culture environment. As an emerging biomedical technology, organoid technology has unique advantages over traditional two-dimensional culture in preserving parental gene expression and mutation, cell function, and biological characteristics. It has shown great potential in the research and treatment of colorectal diseases. Organoid technology has been widely applied in research on colorectal topics, including intestinal tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, infectious diarrhea, and intestinal injury regeneration. This review focuses on the application of organoid technology in colorectal diseases, including the basic principles and preparation methods of organoids, and explores the pathogenesis of and personalized treatment plans for various colorectal diseases to provide a valuable reference for organoid technology development and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Liu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Luan
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Boqiang Tao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qirong Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Mu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinhai Yu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Liu X, Huang Z, Chen Q, Chen K, Liu W, Liu G, Chu X, Li D, Ma Y, Tian X, Yang Y. Hypoxia-induced epigenetic regulation of miR-485-3p promotes stemness and chemoresistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via SLC7A11-mediated ferroptosis. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:262. [PMID: 38811540 PMCID: PMC11137092 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of hypoxia in chemoresistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains elusive. In this study, we revealed the essential role of miR-485-3p in PDAC, particularly its impact on cancer stemness and gemcitabine resistance under hypoxic conditions. We found substantial downregulation of miR-485-3p in PDAC tissues, with lower expression correlating to poor patient outcomes. Mechanistically, miR-485-3p influenced stemness characteristics, as evidenced by reduced tumor-sphere formation and increased sensitivity to gemcitabine upon overexpression. Moreover, we identified SOX9 and SLC7A11 as two targets of miR-485-3p, which play a vital role in stemness and ferroptosis. Under the hypoxic condition, DNMT3B expression was upregulated, leading to hypermethylation of the miR-485-3p promoter region. The reduced miR-485-3p expression promoted stemness and chemoresistance of PDAC. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the intricate interplay of hypoxia, epigenetic modifications, and ferroptosis in PDAC and shed light on potential avenues for targeted interventions that modulate cancer stemness and chemosensitivity, offering prospects for improved therapeutic strategies for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhihua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiuzheng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Guangnian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiangyu Chu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Dongqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yongsu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yinmo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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8
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Loh JJ, Ma S. Hallmarks of cancer stemness. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:617-639. [PMID: 38701757 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stemness is recognized as a key component of tumor development. Previously coined "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) and believed to be a rare population with rigid hierarchical organization, there is good evidence to suggest that these cells exhibit a plastic cellular state influenced by dynamic CSC-niche interplay. This revelation underscores the need to reevaluate the hallmarks of cancer stemness. Herein, we summarize the techniques used to identify and characterize the state of these cells and discuss their defining and emerging hallmarks, along with their enabling and associated features. We also highlight potential future directions in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Loh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephanie Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Centre for Translational and Stem Cell Biology, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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9
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Cai Z, Jiang Y, Tong H, Liang M, Huang Y, Fang L, Liang F, Hu Y, Shi X, Wang J, Wang Z, Ji Q, Huo H, Shen L, He B. Cellular and molecular characteristics of stromal Lkb1 deficiency-induced gastrointestinal polyposis based on single-cell RNA sequencing. J Pathol 2024; 263:47-60. [PMID: 38389501 DOI: 10.1002/path.6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (Lkb1), encoded by serine/threonine kinase (Stk11), is a serine/threonine kinase and tumor suppressor that is strongly implicated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). Numerous studies have shown that mesenchymal-specific Lkb1 is sufficient for the development of PJS-like polyps in mice. However, the cellular origin and components of these Lkb1-associated polyps and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we generated tamoxifen-inducible Lkb1flox/flox;Myh11-Cre/ERT2 and Lkb1flox/flox;PDGFRα-Cre/ERT2 mice, performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and imaging-based lineage tracing, and aimed to investigate the cellular complexity of gastrointestinal polyps associated with PJS. We found that Lkb1flox/+;Myh11-Cre/ERT2 mice developed gastrointestinal polyps starting at 9 months after tamoxifen treatment. scRNA-seq revealed aberrant stem cell-like characteristics of epithelial cells from polyp tissues of Lkb1flox/+;Myh11-Cre/ERT2 mice. The Lkb1-associated polyps were further characterized by a branching smooth muscle core, abundant extracellular matrix deposition, and high immune cell infiltration. In addition, the Spp1-Cd44 or Spp1-Itga8/Itgb1 axes were identified as important interactions among epithelial, mesenchymal, and immune compartments in Lkb1-associated polyps. These characteristics of gastrointestinal polyps were also demonstrated in another mouse model, tamoxifen-inducible Lkb1flox/flox;PDGFRα-Cre/ERT2 mice, which developed obvious gastrointestinal polyps as early as 2-3 months after tamoxifen treatment. Our findings further confirm the critical role of mesenchymal Lkb1/Stk11 in gastrointestinal polyposis and provide novel insight into the cellular complexity of Lkb1-associated polyp biology. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yangjing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huan Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yijie Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yunwen Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qingqi Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Linghong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ben He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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10
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Li M, Wu X, Pan Y, Song M, Yang X, Xu J, Plikus MV, Lv C, Yu L, Yu Z. mTORC2-AKT signaling to PFKFB2 activates glycolysis that enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal epithelial cells. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23532. [PMID: 38451470 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301833rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Although elevated glycolysis has been widely recognized as a hallmark for highly proliferating cells like stem cells and cancer, its regulatory mechanisms are still being updated. Here, we found a previously unappreciated mechanism of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) in regulating glycolysis in intestinal stem cell maintenance and cancer progression. mTORC2 key subunits expression levels and its kinase activity were specifically upregulated in intestinal stem cells, mouse intestinal tumors, and human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Genetic ablation of its key scaffolding protein Rictor in both mouse models and cell lines revealed that mTORC2 played an important role in promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and self-renewal. Moreover, utilizing mouse models and organoid culture, mTORC2 loss of function was shown to impair growth of gut adenoma and tumor organoids. Based on these findings, we performed RNA-seq and noticed significant metabolic reprogramming in Rictor conditional knockout mice. Among all the pathways, carbohydrate metabolism was most profoundly altered, and further studies demonstrated that mTORC2 promoted glycolysis in intestinal epithelial cells. Most importantly, we showed that a rate-limiting enzyme in regulating glycolysis, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB2), was a direct target for the mTORC2-AKT signaling. PFKFB2 was phosphorylated upon mTORC2 activation, but not mTORC1, and this process was AKT-dependent. Together, this study has identified a novel mechanism underlying mTORC2 activated glycolysis, offering potential therapeutic targets for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Manyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Maksim V Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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11
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Spisak S, Chen D, Likasitwatanakul P, Doan P, Li Z, Bala P, Vizkeleti L, Tisza V, De Silva P, Giannakis M, Wolpin B, Qi J, Sethi NS. Identifying regulators of aberrant stem cell and differentiation activity in colorectal cancer using a dual endogenous reporter system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2230. [PMID: 38472198 PMCID: PMC10933491 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant stem cell-like activity and impaired differentiation are central to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To identify functional mediators of these key cellular programs, we engineer a dual endogenous reporter system by genome-editing the SOX9 and KRT20 loci of human CRC cell lines to express fluorescent reporters, broadcasting aberrant stem cell-like and differentiation activity, respectively. By applying a CRISPR screen targeting 78 epigenetic regulators with 542 sgRNAs to this platform, we identify factors that contribute to stem cell-like activity and differentiation in CRC. Perturbation single cell RNA sequencing (Perturb-seq) of validated hits nominate SMARCB1 of the BAF complex (also known as SWI/SNF) as a negative regulator of differentiation across an array of neoplastic colon models. SMARCB1 is a dependency and required for in vivo growth of human CRC models. These studies highlight the utility of biologically designed endogenous reporter platforms to uncover regulators with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Spisak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pornlada Likasitwatanakul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Doan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pratyusha Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Vizkeleti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilay S Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Jiang J, Wang Y, Sun M, Luo X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Hu D, Zhang J, Wu Z, Chen X, Zhang B, Xu X, Wang S, Xu S, Huang W, Xia L. SOX on tumors, a comfort or a constraint? Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:67. [PMID: 38331879 PMCID: PMC10853543 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) family, composed of 20 transcription factors, is a conserved family with a highly homologous HMG domain. Due to their crucial role in determining cell fate, the dysregulation of SOX family members is closely associated with tumorigenesis, including tumor invasion, metastasis, proliferation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and drug resistance. Despite considerable research to investigate the mechanisms and functions of the SOX family, confusion remains regarding aspects such as the role of the SOX family in tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and contradictory impacts the SOX family exerts on tumors. This review summarizes the physiological function of the SOX family and their multiple roles in tumors, with a focus on the relationship between the SOX family and TIME, aiming to propose their potential role in cancer and promising methods for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiangyuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zerui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhangfan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake university school of medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases; Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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13
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Spisak S, Chen D, Likasitwatanakul P, Doan P, Li Z, Bala P, Vizkeleti L, Tisza V, De Silva P, Giannakis M, Wolpin B, Qi J, Sethi NS. Utilizing a dual endogenous reporter system to identify functional regulators of aberrant stem cell and differentiation activity in colorectal cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.21.545895. [PMID: 38293113 PMCID: PMC10827082 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Aberrant stem cell-like activity and impaired differentiation are central to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To identify functional mediators that regulate these key cellular programs in CRC, we developed an endogenous reporter system by genome-editing human CRC cell lines with knock-in fluorescent reporters at the SOX9 and KRT20 locus to report aberrant stem cell-like activity and differentiation, respectively, and then performed pooled genetic perturbation screens. Constructing a dual reporter system that simultaneously monitored aberrant stem cell-like and differentiation activity in the same CRC cell line improved our signal to noise discrimination. Using a focused-library CRISPR screen targeting 78 epigenetic regulators with 542 sgRNAs, we identified factors that contribute to stem cell-like activity and differentiation in CRC. Perturbation single cell RNA sequencing (Perturb-seq) of validated hits nominated SMARCB1 of the BAF complex (also known as SWI/SNF) as a negative regulator of differentiation across an array of neoplastic colon models. SMARCB1 is a dependency in CRC and required for in vivo growth of human CRC models. These studies highlight the utility of a biologically designed endogenous reporter system to uncover novel therapeutic targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Spisak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pornlada Likasitwatanakul
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paul Doan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pratyusha Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laura Vizkeleti
- Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pushpamail De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Wolpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilay S. Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Huang KK, Ma H, Chong RHH, Uchihara T, Lian BSX, Zhu F, Sheng T, Srivastava S, Tay ST, Sundar R, Tan ALK, Ong X, Lee M, Ho SWT, Lesluyes T, Ashktorab H, Smoot D, Van Loo P, Chua JS, Ramnarayanan K, Lau LHS, Gotoda T, Kim HS, Ang TL, Khor C, Lee JWJ, Tsao SKK, Yang WL, Teh M, Chung H, So JBY, Yeoh KG, Tan P. Spatiotemporal genomic profiling of intestinal metaplasia reveals clonal dynamics of gastric cancer progression. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:2019-2037.e8. [PMID: 37890493 PMCID: PMC10729843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a pre-malignant condition of the gastric mucosa associated with increased gastric cancer (GC) risk. Analyzing 1,256 gastric samples (1,152 IMs) across 692 subjects from a prospective 10-year study, we identify 26 IM driver genes in diverse pathways including chromatin regulation (ARID1A) and intestinal homeostasis (SOX9). Single-cell and spatial profiles highlight changes in tissue ecology and IM lineage heterogeneity, including an intestinal stem-cell dominant cellular compartment linked to early malignancy. Expanded transcriptome profiling reveals expression-based molecular subtypes of IM associated with incomplete histology, antral/intestinal cell types, ARID1A mutations, inflammation, and microbial communities normally associated with the healthy oral tract. We demonstrate that combined clinical-genomic models outperform clinical-only models in predicting IMs likely to transform to GC. By highlighting strategies for accurately identifying IM patients at high GC risk and a role for microbial dysbiosis in IM progression, our results raise opportunities for GC precision prevention and interception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kie Kyon Huang
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Haoran Ma
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Roxanne Hui Heng Chong
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Tomoyuki Uchihara
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Benedict Shi Xiang Lian
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Taotao Sheng
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Su Ting Tay
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Raghav Sundar
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Angie Lay Keng Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xuewen Ong
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Minghui Lee
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Shamaine Wei Ting Ho
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Duane Smoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Van Loo
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joy Shijia Chua
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Kalpana Ramnarayanan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Louis Ho Shing Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Takuji Gotoda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tiing Leong Ang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Christopher Khor
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Wei Jie Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; iHealthtech, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; SynCTI, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Stephen Kin Kwok Tsao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Wei Lyn Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Hyunsoo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jimmy Bok Yan So
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Khay Guan Yeoh
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
| | - Patrick Tan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore; Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore; Singhealth/Duke-NUS Institute of Precision Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 168752, Singapore.
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15
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Vemuri K, Kumar S, Chen L, Verzi MP. Dynamic RNA Polymerase II Recruitment Drives Differentiation of the Intestine under the direction of HNF4. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.08.566322. [PMID: 37986803 PMCID: PMC10659318 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.08.566322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Terminal differentiation requires a massive restructuring of the transcriptome. During intestinal differentiation, the expression patterns of nearly 4000 genes are altered as cells transition from progenitor cells in crypts to differentiated cells in villi. We identified dynamic recruitment of RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) to gene promoters as the primary driver of transcriptomic shifts during intestinal differentiation in vivo. Changes in enhancer-promoter looping interactions accompany dynamic Pol II recruitment and are dependent upon HNF4, a pro-differentiation transcription factor. Using genetic loss-of- function, ChIP-seq and IP mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that HNF4 collaborates with chromatin remodelers and loop-stabilizing proteins and facilitates Pol II recruitment at hundreds of genes pivotal to differentiation. We also explore alternate mechanisms which drive differentiation gene expression and find pause-release of Pol II and post- transcriptional mRNA stability regulate smaller subsets of differentially expressed genes. These studies provide insights into the mechanisms of differentiation in a renewing adult tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiranmayi Vemuri
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Sneha Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Michael P. Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition & Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease (CEED), Rutgers EOHSI Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Lead Contact
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16
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Billingsley JL, Yevdokimova V, Ayoub K, Benoit YD. Colorectal Cancer Is Borrowing Blueprints from Intestinal Ontogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4928. [PMID: 37894295 PMCID: PMC10604965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal tumors are heterogenous cellular systems harboring small populations of self-renewing and highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding the mechanisms fundamental to the emergence of CSCs and colorectal tumor initiation is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Two recent studies have highlighted the importance of developmental gene expression programs as potential therapeutic targets to suppress pro-oncogenic stem cell populations in the colonic epithelium. Specifically, a subset of aberrant stem cells was identified in preneoplastic intestinal lesions sharing significant transcriptional similarities with fetal gut development. In such aberrant stem cells, Sox9 was shown as a cornerstone for altered cell plasticity, the maintenance of premalignant stemness, and subsequent colorectal tumor initiation. Independently, chemical genomics was used to identify FDA-approved drugs capable of suppressing neoplastic self-renewal based on the ontogenetic root of a target tumor and transcriptional programs embedded in pluripotency. Here, we discuss the joint conclusions from these two approaches, underscoring the importance of developmental networks in CSCs as a novel paradigm for identifying therapeutics targeting colorectal cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Billingsley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Veronika Yevdokimova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Kristina Ayoub
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Yannick D. Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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17
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Xue VW, Ng SSM, Tsang HF, Wong HT, Leung WW, Wong YN, Wong YKE, Yu ACS, Yim AKY, Cho WCS, Tai WCS, Wong SCC. The non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer via a SOX9-based gene panel. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2421-2432. [PMID: 36637582 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) threatens human health seriously. Early diagnosis of CRC is critical to improving patient survival. Meanwhile, non-invasive detection through tumor-circulating markers can be an important auxiliary diagnosis. In this study, we performed targeted RNA sequencing in paired tumor and adjacent normal fresh frozen tissues from 68 patients, and we also measured circulating mRNA levels in 4 time-point plasma samples collected before and after operation or chemotherapy. Our results showed that SOX9 (6.73-fold with adjusted p value < 1 × 10-45), MYC (20.59-fold with adjusted p value < 1 × 10-57), and MMP7 (131.94-fold with adjusted p value < 1 × 10-78) highly expressed in tumor compared with adjacent normal tissues. Besides, the circulating mRNA of SOX9 (41.14-fold with adjusted p value < 1 × 10-13) in CRC was significantly higher than in the normal control as well. Moreover, a SOX9-based 9-gene panel (SOX9, GSK3A, FZD4, LEF1, DVL1, FZD7, NFATC1, KRT19, and RUVBL1) showed the non-invasive diagnostic value of CRC (AUC: 0.863 (0.766-0.960), TPR: 0.92, TNR: 0.87). In summary, SOX9 expression consistently increases in tumor and plasma samples from CRC patients, which indicates the important role of SOX9 in CRC progression and its potential in non-invasive diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, International Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Heong Ting Wong
- Department of Pathology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Santo António, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing Wa Leung
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yee Ni Wong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yin Kwan Evelyn Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Allen Chi Shing Yu
- Codex Genetics Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Aldrin Kay Yuen Yim
- Codex Genetics Limited, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - William Chi Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Wang J, Wan X, Le Q. Cross-regulation between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway in stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1250530. [PMID: 37664185 PMCID: PMC10469848 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1250530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9, a member of the SRY-related HMG-box transcription factors, has been reported to critically regulate fetal development and stem cell homeostasis. Wnt signalling is a highly conserved signalling pathway that controls stem cell fate decision and stemness maintenance throughout embryonic development and adult life. Many studies have shown that the interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway are involved in many of the physiological and pathological processes of stem cells, including organ development, the proliferation, differentiation and stemness maintenance of stem cells, and tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the already-known molecular mechanism of cross-interactions between SOX9 and the canonical Wnt signalling pathway, outline its regulatory effects on the maintenance of homeostasis in different types of stem cells, and explore its potential in translational stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xichen Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Center, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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19
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He T, Zhang Q, Xu P, Tao W, Lin F, Liu R, Li M, Duan X, Cai C, Gu D, Zeng G, Liu Y. Extracellular vesicle-circEHD2 promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma by activating cancer-associated fibroblasts. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:117. [PMID: 37481520 PMCID: PMC10362694 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The encapsulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) into extracellular vesicles (EVs) enables their involvement in intercellular communication and exerts an influence on the malignant advancement of various tumors. However, the regulatory role of EVs-circRNA in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains elusive. METHODS The in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were implemented to measure the effects of circEHD2 on the phenotype of RCC. The functional role of EVs-circEHD2 on the activation of fibroblasts was assessed by collagen contraction assay, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mechanism was investigated by RNA pull-down assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, chromatin isolation by RNA purification, luciferase assay, and co-immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS We demonstrated that circEHD2 was upregulated in RCC tissues and serum EVs of RCC patients with metastasis. Silencing circEHD2 inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicated that FUS RNA -binding protein (FUS) accelerated the cyclization of circEHD2, then circEHD2 interacts with tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein eta (YWHAH), which acts as a bridge to recruit circEHD2 and Yes1-associated transcriptional regulator (YAP) to the promoter of SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9); this results in the sustained activation of SOX9. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1) regulates the package of circEHD2 into EVs, then EVs-circEHD2 transmits to fibroblasts, converting fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Activated CAFs promote the metastasis of RCC by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6. Furthermore, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeting circEHD2 exhibited a strong inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The circEHD2/YWHAH/YAP/SOX9 signaling pathway accelerates the growth of RCC. EVs-circEHD2 facilitates the metastasis of RCC by converting fibroblasts to CAFs. Our results suggest that EVs-circEHD2 may be a useful biomarker and therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiansheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wen Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fuyang Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Renfei Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mingzhao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaolu Duan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chao Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongda Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 West Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Urology Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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20
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Chen Q, Weng K, Lin M, Jiang M, Fang Y, Chung SSW, Huang X, Zhong Q, Liu Z, Huang Z, Lin J, Li P, El-Rifai W, Zaika A, Li H, Rustgi AK, Nakagawa H, Abrams JA, Wang TC, Lu C, Huang C, Que J. SOX9 Modulates the Transformation of Gastric Stem Cells Through Biased Symmetric Cell Division. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1119-1136.e12. [PMID: 36740200 PMCID: PMC10200757 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transformation of stem/progenitor cells has been associated with tumorigenesis in multiple tissues, but stem cells in the stomach have been hard to localize. We therefore aimed to use a combination of several markers to better target oncogenes to gastric stem cells and understand their behavior in the initial stages of gastric tumorigenesis. METHODS Mouse models of gastric metaplasia and cancer by targeting stem/progenitor cells were generated and analyzed with techniques including reanalysis of single-cell RNA sequencing and immunostaining. Gastric cancer cell organoids were genetically manipulated with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) for functional studies. Cell division was determined by bromodeoxyuridine-chasing assay and the assessment of the orientation of the mitotic spindles. Gastric tissues from patients were examined by histopathology and immunostaining. RESULTS Oncogenic insults lead to expansion of SOX9+ progenitor cells in the mouse stomach. Genetic lineage tracing and organoid culture studies show that SOX9+ gastric epithelial cells overlap with SOX2+ progenitors and include stem cells that can self-renew and differentiate to generate all gastric epithelial cells. Moreover, oncogenic targeting of SOX9+SOX2+ cells leads to invasive gastric cancer in our novel mouse model (Sox2-CreERT;Sox9-loxp(66)-rtTA-T2A-Flpo-IRES-loxp(71);Kras(Frt-STOP-Frt-G12D);P53R172H), which combines Cre-loxp and Flippase-Frt genetic recombination systems. Sox9 deletion impedes the expansion of gastric progenitor cells and blocks neoplasia after Kras activation. Although Sox9 is not required for maintaining tissue homeostasis where asymmetric division predominates, loss of Sox9 in the setting of Kras activation leads to reduced symmetric cell division and effectively attenuates the Kras-dependent expansion of stem/progenitor cells. Similarly, Sox9 deletion in gastric cancer organoids reduces symmetric cell division, organoid number, and organoid size. In patients with gastric cancer, high levels of SOX9 are associated with recurrence and poor prognosis. CONCLUSION SOX9 marks gastric stem cells and modulates biased symmetric cell division, which appears to be required for the malignant transformation of gastric stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Chen
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Kai Weng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ming Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinshan Fang
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sanny S W Chung
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zening Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxian Lin
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexander Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Julian A Abrams
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Changming Huang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Tumor Microbiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianwen Que
- Columbia Center for Human Development, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
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21
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Liu L, Zhang L, Li C, Qiu Z, Kuang T, Wu Z, Deng W. Effects of hormones on intestinal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:105. [PMID: 37101229 PMCID: PMC10134583 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of intestinal renewal and repair mainly depends on intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which can also contribute to the growth of intestinal tumours. Hormones, which are vital signalling agents in the body, have various effects on the growth and replacement of intestinal stem cells. This review summarises recent progress in the identification of hormones associated with intestinal stem cells. Several hormones, including thyroid hormone, glucagon-like peptide-2, androgens, insulin, leptin, growth hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone and progastrin, promote the development of intestinal stem cells. However, somatostatin and melatonin are two hormones that prevent the proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Therefore, new therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal illnesses can be identified by examining the impact of hormones on intestinal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhendong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tianrui Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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22
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Bala P, Rennhack JP, Aitymbayev D, Morris C, Moyer SM, Duronio GN, Doan P, Li Z, Liang X, Hornick JL, Yurgelun MB, Hahn WC, Sethi NS. Aberrant cell state plasticity mediated by developmental reprogramming precedes colorectal cancer initiation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf0927. [PMID: 36989360 PMCID: PMC10058311 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell state plasticity is carefully regulated in adult epithelia to prevent cancer. The aberrant expansion of the normally restricted capability for cell state plasticity in neoplasia is poorly defined. Using genetically engineered and carcinogen-induced mouse models of intestinal neoplasia, we observed that impaired differentiation is a conserved event preceding cancer development. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of premalignant lesions from mouse models and a patient with hereditary polyposis revealed that cancer initiates by adopting an aberrant transcriptional state characterized by regenerative activity, marked by Ly6a (Sca-1), and reactivation of fetal intestinal genes, including Tacstd2 (Trop2). Genetic inactivation of Sox9 prevented adenoma formation, obstructed the emergence of regenerative and fetal programs, and restored multilineage differentiation by scRNA-seq. Expanded chromatin accessibility at regeneration and fetal genes upon Apc inactivation was reduced by concomitant Sox9 suppression. These studies indicate that aberrant cell state plasticity mediated by unabated regenerative activity and developmental reprogramming precedes cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyusha Bala
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Rennhack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daulet Aitymbayev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clare Morris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sydney M. Moyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gina N. Duronio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Doan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhixin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew B. Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C. Hahn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nilay S. Sethi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Lam KK, Low YS, Lo M, Wong M, Leong Tang C, Tan E, Chok AY, Seow-En I, Wong SH, Cheah PY. KRAS-specific antibody binds to KRAS protein inside colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and inhibits its localization to the plasma membrane. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1036871. [PMID: 37051535 PMCID: PMC10084885 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1036871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third highest incidence cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. To date, chemotherapeutic treatment of advanced CRC that has metastasized has a dismayed success rate of less than 30%. Further, most (80%) sporadic CRCs are microsatellite-stable and are refractory to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. KRAS is a gatekeeper gene in colorectal tumorigenesis. Nevertheless, KRAS is ‘undruggable’ due to its structure. Thus, focus has been diverted to develop small molecule inhibitors for its downstream effector such as ERK/MAPK. Despite intense research efforts for the past few decades, no small molecule inhibitor has been in clinical use for CRC. Antibody targeting KRAS itself is an attractive alternative. We developed a transient ex vivo patient-derived matched mucosa-tumor primary culture to assess whether anti-KRAS antibody can be internalized to bind and inactivate KRAS. We showed that anti-KRAS antibody can enter live mucosa-tumor cells and specifically aggregate KRAS in the cytoplasm, thus hindering its translocation to the inner plasma membrane. The mis-localization of KRAS reduces KRAS dwelling time at the site where it tethers to activate downstream effectors. We previously showed that expression of SOX9 was KRAS-mutation-dependent and possibly a better effector than ERK in CRC. Herein, we showed that anti-KRAS antibody treated tumor cells have less intense SOX9 cytoplasmic and nuclear staining compared to untreated cells. Our results demonstrated that internalized anti-KRAS antibody inhibits KRAS function in tumor. With an efficient intracellular antibody delivery system, this can be further developed as combinatorial therapeutics for CRC and other KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuen Kuen Lam
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Syuen Low
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Lo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Wong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choong Leong Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emile Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aik Yong Chok
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Isaac Seow-En
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Peh Yean Cheah
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Peh Yean Cheah,
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24
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Yan ZJ, Chen L, Wang HY. To be or not to be: The double-edged sword roles of liver progenitor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188870. [PMID: 36842766 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Given the liver's remarkable and unique regenerative capacity, researchers have long focused on liver progenitor cells (LPCs) and liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs). LPCs can differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. However, the mechanism underlying cell conversion and its distinct contribution to liver homeostasis and tumorigenesis remain unclear. In this review, we discuss the complicated conversions involving LPCs and LCSCs. As the critical intermediate state in malignant transformation, LPCs play double-edged sword roles. LPCs are not only involved in hepatic wound-healing responses by supplementing liver cells and bile duct cells in the damaged liver but may transform into LCSCs under dysregulation of key signaling pathways, resulting in refractory malignant liver tumors. Because LPC lineages are temporally and spatially dynamic, we discuss crucial LPC subgroups and summarize regulatory factors correlating with the trajectories of LPCs and LCSCs in the liver tumor microenvironment. This review elaborates on the double-edged sword roles of LPCs to help understand the liver's regenerative potential and tumor heterogeneity. Understanding the sources and transformations of LPCs is essential in determining how to exploit their regenerative capacity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jun Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer (SMMU), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology (EHBH), Shanghai 200438, PR China.
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25
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Zhu Y, Li X. Advances of Wnt Signalling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030447. [PMID: 36766788 PMCID: PMC9913588 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate despite the decreasing incidence and new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. CRC arises from both epidemiologic and molecular backgrounds. In addition to hereditary factor and genetic mutations, the strongly varying incidence of CRC is closely linked to chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestine and terrible dietary habits. The Wnt signalling pathway is a complex regulatory network that is implicated in many CRC physiological processes, including cancer occurrence, development, prognosis, invasion, and metastasis. It is currently believed to include classical Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/PCP, and Wnt/Ca2+. In this review, we summarise the recent mechanisms and potential regulators of the three branches of the Wnt signalling pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
| | - Xia Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, China
- Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Binzhou 256600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0531-8838-2612
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26
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Wang H, Chen W, Huang Y, Sun Y, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Lu Z. EGR1 Promotes Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome Through Upregulation of SOX9 Expression. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231193073. [PMID: 37737125 PMCID: PMC10517600 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231193073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is strongly associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) progression. Early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) plays an important role in angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of EGR1 involved in OHSS progression. RNA-sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes. In vitro OHSS cell model was induced by treating KGN cells with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). In vivo OHSS model was established in mice. The expression levels of EGR1, SOX1, and VEGF were determined by Quantitative Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and immunochemistry assay. The content of VEGF in the culture medium of human granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) cells was accessed by the ELISA assay. The regulatory effect of EGR1 on SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) was addressed by luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The ERG1 and SOX9 levels were significantly upregulated in granulosa cells from OHSS patients and there was a positive association between EGR1 and SOX9 expression. In the ovarian tissues of OHSS mice, the levels of EGR1 and SOX9 were also remarkedly increased. Treatment with hCG elevated the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), EGR1, and SOX9 in KGN cells. Silencing of EGR1 reversed the promoting effect of hCG on VEGF and SOX9 expression in KGN cells. EGR1 transcriptionally regulated SOX9 expression through binding to its promoter. In addition, administration of dopamine decreased hCG-induced VEGF in KGN cells and ameliorated the progression of OHSS in mice, which were companied with decreased EGR1 and SOX9 expression. EGR1 has a promoting effect on OHSS progression and dopamine protects against OHSS through suppression of EGR1/SOX9 cascade. Our findings may provide new targets for the treatment of OHSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Higher Education Joint Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zongxuan Lu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Liu S, Yang L, Fu J, Li T, Zhou B, Wang K, Wei C, Fu J. Comprehensive analysis, immune, and cordycepin regulation for SOX9 expression in pan-cancers and the matched healthy tissues. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149986. [PMID: 37020558 PMCID: PMC10067558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) (OMIM 608160) is a transcription factor. The expression of SOX9 in pan-cancers and the regulation by small molecules in cancer cell lines are unclear. In the current study, we comprehensively analyzed the expression of SOX9 in normal tissues, tumor tissues and their matched healthy tissues in pan-cancers. The study examined the correlation between immunomodulators and immune cell infiltrations in normal and tumor tissues. Cordycepin (CD), an adenosine analog for SOX9 expression regulation, was also conducted on cancer cells. The results found that SOX9 protein is expressed in a variety of organs, including high expression in 13 organs and no expression in only two organs; in 44 tissues, there was high expression in 31 tissues, medium expression in four tissues, low expression in two tissues, and no expression in the other seven tissues. In pan-cancers with 33 cancer types, SOX9 expression was significantly increased in fifteen cancers, including CESC, COAD, ESCA, GBM, KIRP, LGG, LIHC, LUSC, OV, PAAD, READ, STAD, THYM, UCES, and UCS, but significantly decreased in only two cancers (SKCM and TGCT) compared with the matched healthy tissues. It suggests that SOX9 expression is upregulated in the most cancer types (15/33) as a proto-oncogene. The fact that the decrease of SOX9 expression in SKCM and the increase of SOX9 in the cell lines of melanoma inhibit tumorigenicity in both mouse and human ex vivo models demonstrates that SOX9 could also be a tumor suppressor. Further analyzing the prognostic values for SOX9 expression in cancer individuals revealed that OS is long in ACC and short in LGG, CESC, and THYM, suggesting that high SOX9 expression is positively correlated with the worst OS in LGG, CESC, and THYM, which could be used as a prognostic maker. In addition, CD inhibited both protein and mRNA expressions of SOX9 in a dose-dependent manner in 22RV1, PC3, and H1975 cells, indicating CD's anticancer roles likely via SOX9 inhibition. Moreover, SOX9 might play an important role in tumor genesis and development by participating in immune infiltration. Altogether, SOX9 could be a biomarker for diagnostics and prognostics for pan-cancers and an emerging target for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lisha Yang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baixu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunli Wei
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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28
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Ramakrishnan AB, Burby PE, Adiga K, Cadigan KM. SOX9 and TCF transcription factors associate to mediate Wnt/β-catenin target gene activation in colorectal cancer. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102735. [PMID: 36423688 PMCID: PMC9771724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulates gene expression by promoting the formation of a β-catenin-T-cell factor (TCF) complex on target enhancers. In addition to TCFs, other transcription factors interact with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway at different levels to produce tissue-specific patterns of Wnt target gene expression. The transcription factor SOX9 potently represses many Wnt target genes by downregulating β-catenin protein levels. Here, we find using colony formation and cell growth assays that SOX9 surprisingly promotes the proliferation of Wnt-driven colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In contrast to how it indirectly represses Wnt targets, SOX9 directly co-occupies and activates multiple Wnt-responsive enhancers in CRC cells. Our examination of the binding site grammar of these enhancers shows the presence of TCF and SOX9 binding sites that are necessary for transcriptional activation. In addition, we identify a physical interaction between the DNA-binding domains of TCFs and SOX9 and show that TCF-SOX9 interactions are important for target gene regulation and CRC cell growth. Our work demonstrates a highly context-dependent effect of SOX9 on Wnt targets, with the presence or absence of SOX9-binding sites on Wnt-regulated enhancers determining whether they are directly activated or indirectly repressed by SOX9.
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29
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Duronio G, Liang X, Hebbar P, Islam M, Spisak S, Sethi N. Truncating SOX9 Alterations Are Heterozygous Null Alleles in Genome-Stable Colorectal Cancer. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:709-713. [PMID: 37621863 PMCID: PMC10448869 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G.N. Duronio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - X. Liang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - P. Hebbar
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M. Islam
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - S. Spisak
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - N.S. Sethi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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