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Munch M, Mair BA, Adi M, Rotstein BH. Photocatalyzed radiosynthesis of 11C-phenylacetic acids. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:211-216. [PMID: 37941130 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Fast and straightforward incorporation of radionuclides into pharmaceutically relevant molecules is one of the main barriers to preclinical and clinical tracer research. Late-stage direct incorporation of cyclotron-produced [11C]CO2 to afford carbon-11-labeled radiopharmaceuticals has the potential to provide ready-to-inject positron emission tomography agents in less than an hour. The present work describes photocatalyzed carboxylation of alkylbenzene derivatives to afford 11C-phenylacetic acids. Reaction conditions and scope are investigated followed by application of this methodology to the preparative radiosynthesis of [11C]fenoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Munch
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Braeden A Mair
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Myriam Adi
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Kim K, Lee YJ, Kim MH, Byun BH, Woo SK. Automatic Quantitative Assessment for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Response in Rodent Myocardial Infarct Model. Biomedicines 2024; 12:219. [PMID: 38255324 PMCID: PMC10813557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the most appropriate methodological approach for the automatic measurement of rodent myocardial infarct polar map using histogram-based thresholding and unsupervised deep learning (DL)-based segmentation. A rat myocardial infarction model was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. Positron emission tomography (PET) was performed 60 min after the administration of 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose (18F-FDG), and PET was performed after injecting 64Cu-pyruvaldehyde-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone). Single photon emission computed tomography was performed 60 min after injection of 99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile and 201Tl. Delayed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed after injecting Gd-DTPA-BMA. Three types of thresholding methods (naive thresholding, Otsu's algorithm, and multi-Gaussian mixture model (MGMM)) were used. DL segmentation methods were based on a convolution neural network and trained with constraints on feature similarity and spatial continuity of the response map extracted from images by the network. The relative infarct sizes measured by histology and estimated R2 for 18F-FDG were 0.8477, 0.7084, 0.8353, and 0.9024 for naïve thresholding, Otsu's algorithm, MGMM, and DL segmentation, respectively. DL-based method improved the accuracy of MI size assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangsan Kim
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Lee
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Radiopharmaceuticals, FutureChem Co., Ltd., Seoul 04794, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyun Byun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Woo
- Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
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3
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Kuronuma K, Wei CC, Singh A, Lemley M, Hayes SW, Otaki Y, Hyun MC, Van Kriekinge SD, Kavanagh P, Huang C, Han D, Dey D, Berman DS, Slomka PJ. Automated Motion Correction for Myocardial Blood Flow Measurements and Diagnostic Performance of 82Rb PET Myocardial Perfusion Imaging. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:139-146. [PMID: 38050106 PMCID: PMC10755521 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Motion correction (MC) affects myocardial blood flow (MBF) measurements in 82Rb PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI); however, frame-by-frame manual MC of dynamic frames is time-consuming. This study aims to develop an automated MC algorithm for time-activity curves used in compartmental modeling and compare the predictive value of MBF with and without automated MC for significant coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: In total, 565 patients who underwent PET-MPI were considered. Patients without angiographic findings were split into training (n = 112) and validation (n = 112) groups. The automated MC algorithm used simplex iterative optimization of a count-based cost function and was developed using the training group. MBF measurements with automated MC were compared with those with manual MC in the validation group. In a separate cohort, 341 patients who underwent PET-MPI and invasive coronary angiography were enrolled in the angiographic group. The predictive performance in patients with significant CAD (≥70% stenosis) was compared between MBF measurements with and without automated MC. Results: In the validation group (n = 112), MBF measurements with automated and manual MC showed strong correlations (r = 0.98 for stress MBF and r = 0.99 for rest MBF). The automatic MC took less time than the manual MC (<12 s vs. 10 min per case). In the angiographic group (n = 341), MBF measurements with automated MC decreased significantly compared with those without (stress MBF, 2.16 vs. 2.26 mL/g/min; rest MBF, 1.12 vs. 1.14 mL/g/min; MFR, 2.02 vs. 2.10; all P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for the detection of significant CAD by stress MBF with automated MC was higher than that without (AUC, 95% CI, 0.76 [0.71-0.80] vs. 0.73 [0.68-0.78]; P < 0.05). The addition of stress MBF with automated MC to the model with ischemic total perfusion deficit showed higher diagnostic performance for detection of significant CAD (AUC, 95% CI, 0.82 [0.77-0.86] vs. 0.78 [0.74-0.83]; P = 0.022), but the addition of stress MBF without MC to the model with ischemic total perfusion deficit did not reach significance (AUC, 95% CI, 0.81 [0.76-0.85] vs. 0.78 [0.74-0.83]; P = 0.067). Conclusion: Automated MC on 82Rb PET-MPI can be performed rapidly with excellent agreement with experienced operators. Stress MBF with automated MC showed significantly higher diagnostic performance than without MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Kuronuma
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
- Department of Cardiology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chih-Chun Wei
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Ananya Singh
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Mark Lemley
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Sean W Hayes
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Yuka Otaki
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Mark C Hyun
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Serge D Van Kriekinge
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Paul Kavanagh
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Cathleen Huang
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Donghee Han
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Damini Dey
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Daniel S Berman
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Piotr J Slomka
- Division of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Imaging, and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; and
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Tavoosi A, Khetarpal R, Wells RG, Beanlands RSB, deKemp RA. Exponential dosing to standardize myocardial perfusion image quality with rubidium-82 PET. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2477-2489. [PMID: 37258955 PMCID: PMC10682245 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 82Rb PET is commonly performed using the same injected activity in all patients, resulting in lower image quality in larger patients. This study compared 82Rb dosing with exponential vs proportional functions of body weight on the standardization of myocardial perfusion image (MPI) quality. METHODS Two sequential cohorts of N = 60 patients were matched by patient weight. Rest and dipyridamole stress 82Rb PET was performed using 0.1 MBq·kg-2 exponential and 9 MBq·kg-1 proportional dosing. MPI scans were compared qualitatively with visual image quality scoring (IQS) and quantitatively using the myocardium-to-blood contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and blood background signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of body weight. RESULTS Average (min-max) patient body weight was 81 ± 18 kg (46-137 kg). Proportional dosing resulted in decreasing CNR, SNR, and visual IQS with increasing body weight (P < 0.05). Exponential dosing eliminated the weight-dependent decreases in these image quality metrics that were observed in the proportional dosing group. CONCLUSION 82Rb PET dosing as an exponential (squared) function of body weight produced consistent stress perfusion image quality over a wide range of patient weights. Dramatically lower doses can be used in lighter patients, with the equivalent population dose shifted toward the heavier patients to standardize diagnostic image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Tavoosi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Ritika Khetarpal
- School of Interdisciplinary Science (Life Sciences), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - R Glenn Wells
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Rob S B Beanlands
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Robert A deKemp
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
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Pontone G, Rossi A, Gimelli A, Neglia D. Should we choose CT angiography first instead of SPECT/PET first for the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease? Atherosclerosis 2023; 385:117315. [PMID: 37890440 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In patients presenting with chest pain, current guidelines recommend the use of coronary computed tomography angiography and single-photon emission tomography/positron emission tomography, both with equal class 1 indication and level of evidence A. There is no clear recommendation on which test should be used as a first-line test. The choice of the test should be based on individualized clinical risk assessment, patient characteristics, local expertise/availability, and patient preferences. In this context, it is fair to ask which non-invasive imaging test to choose. The debate reproduced in this article answers this question by summarizing the considerations in selecting present state-of-the-art criteria of the right test for the right patient to ensure efficient resource utilization, minimize unnecessary testing, and maximize diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Periooperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Imaging Department, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Neglia
- Cardiovascular and Imaging Departments, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy; Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Gräni C, Bigler MR, Kwong RY. Noninvasive Multimodality Imaging for the Assessment of Anomalous Coronary Artery. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1233-1246. [PMID: 37851270 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01948-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital coronary anomaly with the potential to cause myocardial ischemia and adverse cardiac events. The presence of AAOCA anatomy itself does not necessarily implicate a need for revascularization. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to assess how noninvasive comprehensive anatomic- and physiologic evaluation may guide patient management. RECENT FINDINGS The assessment of AAOCA includes an accurate description of the anomalous origin/vessel course including anatomical high-risk features such as a slit-like ostium, proximal narrowing, elliptic vessel shape, acute take-off angle, intramural course, and possible concomitant coronary atherosclerosis and hemodynamics. Various cardiac imaging modalities offer unique advantages and capabilities in visualizing these anatomical and functional aspects of AAOCA. This review explored the role of noninvasive multimodality imaging in the characterization of AAOCA by highlighting the strengths, limitations, and potential applications of the current different cardiac imaging methods, with a focus on the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and stress testing protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marius R Bigler
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Y Kwong
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Reymann MP, Vija AH, Maier A. Method for comparison of data driven gating algorithms in emission tomography. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:185024. [PMID: 37619585 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acf3ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Multiple algorithms have been proposed for data driven gating (DDG) in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and have successfully been applied to myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Application of DDG to acquisition types other than SPECT MPI has not been demonstrated so far, as limitations and pitfalls of current methods are unknown.Approach.We create a comprehensive set of phantoms simulating the influence of different motion artifacts, view angles, moving objects, contrast, and count levels in SPECT. We perform Monte Carlo simulation of the phantoms, allowing the characterization of DDG algorithms using quantitative metrics derived from the data and evaluate the Center of Light (COL) and Laplacian Eigenmaps methods as sample DDG algorithms.Main results.View angle, object size, count rate density, and contrast influence the accuracy of both DDG methods. Moreover, the ability to extract the respiratory motion in the phantom was shown to correlate with the contrast of the moving feature to the background, the signal to noise ratio, and the noise in the data.Significance.We showed that reporting the average correlation to an external physical reference signal per acquisition is not sufficient to characterize DDG methods. Assessing DDG methods on a view-by-view basis using the simulations and metrics from this work could enable the identification of pitfalls of current methods, and extend their application to acquisitions beyond SPECT MPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Reymann
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Forchheim, Germany
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | - A H Vija
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Molecular Imaging, Hoffman Estates, IL, United States of America
| | - A Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Jochumsen MR, Overgaard DL, Vendelbo MH, Madsen MA, Tolbod LP, Gormsen LC, Barkholt TØ. Extracardiac findings with increased perfusion during clinical O-15-H 2O PET/CT myocardial perfusion imaging: A case series. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1458-1468. [PMID: 36600173 PMCID: PMC9812748 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coincidental extracardiac findings with increased perfusion were reported during myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with various retention radiotracers. Clinical parametric O-15-H2O PET MPI yielding quantitative measures of myocardial blood flow (MBF) was recently implemented at our facility. We aim to explore whether similar extracardiac findings are observed using O-15-H2O. METHODS AND RESULTS All patients (2963) were scanned with O-15-H2O PET MPI according to international guidelines and extracardiac findings were collected. In contrast to parametric O-15-H2O MBF images, extracardiac perfusion was assessed using summed images. Biopsy histopathology and other imaging modalities served as reference standards. Various malignant lesions with increased perfusion were detected, including lymphomas, large-celled neuroendocrine tumour, breast, and lung cancer plus metastases from colonic and renal cell carcinomas. Furthermore, inflammatory and hyperplastic benign conditions with increased perfusion were observed: rib fractures, gynecomastia, atelectasis, sarcoidosis, pneumonia, chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis, benign lung nodule, chronic diffuse lung infiltrates, pleural plaques and COVID-19 infiltrates. CONCLUSIONS Malignant and benign extracardiac coincidental findings with increased perfusion are readily visible and frequently seen on O-15-H2O PET MPI. We recommend evaluating the summed O-15-H2O PET images in addition to the low-dose CT attenuation images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Ryø Jochumsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - David Lyse Overgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Holm Vendelbo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Alle Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Poulsen Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Lars Christian Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Trine Ørhøj Barkholt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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Maurer A, Sustar A, Giannopoulos AA, Grünig H, Bakula A, Patriki D, von Felten E, Messerli M, Pazhenkottil AP, Gebhard C, Kaufmann PA, Buechel RR, Fuchs TA. Left ventricular function and volumes from gated [ 13N]-ammonia positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging: A prospective head-to-head comparison against CMR using a hybrid PET/MR device. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:616-625. [PMID: 35819716 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-03029-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) can be used to evaluate left ventricular (LV) volumes and function. We performed a head-to-head comparison of LV function and volumes obtained simultaneously using [13N]-ammonia-PET and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), with the latter serving as the reference standard. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective study, 51 patients underwent [13N]-ammonia-PET MPI and CMR using a hybrid PET/MR device. Left ventricular end-systolic volumes (LVESV), end-diastolic volumes (LVEDV), stroke volumes (LVSV), ejection fractions (LVEF), and segmental wall motion were analyzed for both methods and were compared using correlational and Bland-Altman (BA) analysis; segmental wall motion was compared using ANOVA. The agreement between [13N]-ammonia-PET and CMR for LVEF was good, with minimal bias (- .6%) and narrow BA limits of agreement (- 7.9% to 6.8%), but [13N]-ammonia-PET systematically underestimated LV volumes, with high bias in LVESV (- 11.2 ml), LVEDV (- 28.9 ml), and LVSV (- 17.5 ml). Mean segmental wall motion in [13N]-ammonia-PET differed significantly among the corresponding normokinetic (6.6 ± 2 mm), hypokinetic (5.1 ± 2 mm), and akinetic (3.3 ± 2 mm) segments in CMR (P < .01). CONCLUSION LVEF and LV wall motion can be accurately assessed using [13N]-ammonia-PET MPI, although LV volumes are significantly underestimated compared to CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maurer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Sustar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas A Giannopoulos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Grünig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adam Bakula
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Patriki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elia von Felten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Messerli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aju P Pazhenkottil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp A Kaufmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronny R Buechel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias A Fuchs
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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10
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Myocardial Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Image Denoising: A Comparative Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040611. [PMID: 36832099 PMCID: PMC9954870 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different filters in improving the quality of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images. Data were collected using the Siemens Symbia T2 dual-head SPECT/Computed tomography (CT) scanner. Our dataset included more than 900 images from 30 patients. The quality of the SPECT was evaluated after applying filters such as the Butterworth, Hamming, Gaussian, Wiener, and median-modified Wiener filters with different kernel sizes, by calculating indicators such as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). SNR and CNR were highest with the Wiener filter with a kernel size of 5 × 5. Additionally, the Gaussian filter achieved the highest PSNR. The results revealed that the Wiener filter, with a kernel size of 5 × 5, outperformed the other filters for denoising images of our dataset. The novelty of this study includes comparison of different filters to improve the quality of myocardial perfusion SPECT. As far as we know, this is the first study to compare the mentioned filters on myocardial perfusion SPECT images, using our datasets with specific noise structures and mentioning all the elements necessary for its presentation within one document.
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11
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Tanada T, Ohba M, Kanezawa C, Suzuki K. Quantification of myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve by 13N-NH 3 PET/CT is not significantly affected by pixel size. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 39:195-199. [PMID: 36598684 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02639-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) are measurable by 13N-NH3 positron emission tomography (PET). MFR, which is the ratio of MBF under adenosine stress to MBF at rest, is prognostically valuable. The ASNC imaging guidelines/SNMMI procedure standards recommend using 2-3 mm pixels, and pixel size does differ between institutions. We sought to evaluate the effects of pixel sizes on the quantitative values calculated from 13N-NH3 PET images. METHODS Thirty consecutive patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent 13N-NH3 PET were retrospectively enrolled. Dynamic images were quantified using PMOD's cardiac PET analysis tool (pixel sizes: 3.18, 2.03, and 1.59 mm). MBF under adenosine stress, MBF at rest, and MFR for the right coronary artery (RCA) region, left anterior descending artery region, and left circumflex coronary artery branch region innervation regions were calculated at each pixel size and compared. RESULTS Quantitative values did not significantly differ according to pixel size in any of the regions. However, MFR values for the RCA fluctuated the most. Ischemic and non-ischemic regions remained visually discernible in qualitative images, with no variation in quantitative values, regardless of pixel size. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative values were not significantly affected by pixel sizes within the recommended range of 2-3 mm. Values for the RCA region may have been overestimated, but this was true for all pixel sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Tanada
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohba
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan.
| | - Chika Kanezawa
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Hospital, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, 990-9585, Yamagata, Japan
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12
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Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Diseases Research Using Animal Models and PET Radioisotope Tracers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010353. [PMID: 36613797 PMCID: PMC9820417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is a collective term describing a range of conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Due to the varied nature of the disorders, distinguishing between their causes and monitoring their progress is crucial for finding an effective treatment. Molecular imaging enables non-invasive visualisation and quantification of biological pathways, even at the molecular and subcellular levels, what is essential for understanding the causes and development of CVD. Positron emission tomography imaging is so far recognized as the best method for in vivo studies of the CVD related phenomena. The imaging is based on the use of radioisotope-labelled markers, which have been successfully used in both pre-clinical research and clinical studies. Current research on CVD with the use of such radioconjugates constantly increases our knowledge and understanding of the causes, and brings us closer to effective monitoring and treatment. This review outlines recent advances in the use of the so-far available radioisotope markers in the research on cardiovascular diseases in rodent models, points out the problems and provides a perspective for future applications of PET imaging in CVD studies.
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13
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Li Z, Niu L, Wang L, Mei T, Shang W, Cheng X, Li Y, Xi F, Song X, Shao Y, Xu Y, Tu J. Biodistribution of 89Zr-DFO-labeled avian pathogenic Escherichia coli outer membrane vesicles by PET imaging in chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102364. [PMID: 36525747 PMCID: PMC9791172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a serious systemic infectious disease in poultry infections, causing severe economic losses to the poultry industry. Previous studies have shown that secretion of virulence proteins was required for the pathogenicity of APEC through the secretion system. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are a generalized secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria that play a key role in the long-distance delivery of virulence factors, but whether they are associated with the pathogenic mechanism of APEC has not been determined. In this study, OMVs were purified and characterized from AE17 (O2 serotype) by ultracentrifugation and density gradient centrifugation and their protein cargo was identified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, 89Zr was labeled after chelating AE17 OMVs by DFO and positron emission tomography PET imaging was used to track 89Zr-DFO-OMVs in chickens and to pathologically analyze the distribution sites. This study showed that AE17 OMVs were membrane vesicles ranging in size from 20 to 200 nm and proteomic analysis revealed the presence of virulence proteins, including adhesion proteins OmpA, OmpC, OmpF, OmpX, FimH, FimC and FigE, and serum resistance proteins OmpT and MliC and immune response regulator proteins (FliC). In addition, in vivo PET imaging to track the biodistribution of AE17 OMVs showed that AE17 OMVs were taken up by the lung region and the gastrointestinal and renal regions but were not detected in other areas. Pathological analysis of the tissue sites where AE17 OMVs were ingested showed inflammatory responses and damage. These findings suggested that AE17 OMVs not only contained a group of virulence proteins associated with AE17 infection but can also deliver these virulence proteins over long distances and caused tissue inflammatory damage. Our study revealed a previously unidentified causative microbial signal in the pathogenesis of APEC that could aid in the development of vaccines and antibiotics effective against APEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lulu Niu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Ting Mei
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenbin Shang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feng Xi
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangjun Song
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ying Shao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yuping Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine. Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Jian Tu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Animal Food Quality and Bio-safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Vançon B, Bisson A, Courtehoux M, Bernard A, Bailly M. A study protocol for an observational cohort investigating cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis flow reserve before and after Tafamidis treatment: The AMYTRE study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:978293. [PMID: 36082269 PMCID: PMC9445832 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.978293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anginal symptoms and signs of ischemia have been reported in some patients with cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) without obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD). Few studies found that coronary microvascular dysfunction was highly prevalent in subjects with cardiac amyloidosis, even in the absence of epicardial CAD. The purpose of this study is to confirm the coronary microvascular dysfunction, and to go further with evaluation of the effect of Tafamidis on microvascular dysfunction after 24 months of treatment. Methods and analysis This study is a multicentric, prospective, observational cohort study. Adult patients with confirmed ATTR cardiomyopathy seen in the nuclear medicine departments of three large referral centers and treated with Tafamidis will be included. At baseline, patients will have a clinical and echocardiography evaluation. They will undergo a dynamic rest/stress cardiac scintigraphy with flow and reserve measurements before and 24 months after Tafamidis introduction. The primary outcome of this study will be the variation of stress and rest myocardial blood flow and flow reserve between baseline and 24 months after treatment. The effect of Tafamidis will be assessed by an intention to treat analysis. Ethics and dissemination The study has received the following approvals: Orleans Hospital Research Committee (CHRO-2021-05) and Sud-Mediterranée IV Regional Ethics Committee (21 06 02). Results will be made available to physicians, the funders, and other researchers. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05103943], identifier [NCT05103943].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Vançon
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CHR Orleans, Orléans, France
| | - Arnaud Bisson
- Cardiology Department, CHR Orleans, Orléans, France
- Cardiology Department, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
- EA4245 T2i, Tours University, Tours, France
| | | | - Anne Bernard
- Cardiology Department, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
- EA4245 T2i, Tours University, Tours, France
| | - Matthieu Bailly
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CHR Orleans, Orléans, France
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Matthieu Bailly,
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15
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Jensen M, Bentsen S, Clemmensen A, Jensen JK, Madsen J, Rossing J, Laier A, Hasbak P, Kjaer A, Ripa RS. Feasibility of positron range correction in 82-Rubidium cardiac PET/CT. EJNMMI Phys 2022; 9:51. [PMID: 35907082 PMCID: PMC9339065 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-022-00480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is an essential tool in investigating diseases and treatment responses in cardiology. 82Rubidium (82Rb)-PET imaging is advantageous for MPI due to its short half-life, but cannot be used for small animal research due to the long positron range. We aimed to correct for this, enabling MPI with 82Rb-PET in rats. Methods The effect of positron range correction (PRC) on 82Rb-PET was examined using two phantoms and in vivo on rats. A NEMA NU-4-inspired phantom was used for image quality evaluation (%standard deviation (%SD), spillover ratio (SOR) and recovery coefficient (RC)). A cardiac phantom was used for assessing spatial resolution. Two rats underwent rest 82Rb-PET to optimize number of iterations, type of PRC and respiratory gating. Results NEMA NU-4 metrics (no PRC vs PRC): %SD 0.087 versus 0.103; SOR (air) 0.022 versus 0.002, SOR (water) 0.059 versus 0.019; RC (3 mm) 0.219 versus 0.584, RC (4 mm) 0.300 versus 0.874, RC (5 mm) 0.357 versus 1.197. Cardiac phantom full width at half maximum (FWHM) and full width at tenth maximum (FWTM) (no PRC vs. PRC): FWTM 6.73 mm versus 3.26 mm (true: 3 mm), FWTM 9.27 mm versus 7.01 mm. The in vivo scans with respiratory gating had a homogeneous myocardium clearly distinguishable from the blood pool. Conclusion PRC improved the spatial resolution for the phantoms and in vivo at the expense of slightly more noise. Combined with respiratory gating, the spatial resolution achieved using PRC should allow for quantitative MPI in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Bentsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Kildevang Jensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Madsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Rossing
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Laier
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Hasbak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Sejersten Ripa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Crișan G, Moldovean-Cioroianu NS, Timaru DG, Andrieș G, Căinap C, Chiș V. Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095023. [PMID: 35563414 PMCID: PMC9103893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. Depending on the targeted processes within the living organism, different tracers are used for various medical conditions, such as cancer, particular brain pathologies, cardiac events, and bone lesions, where the most commonly used tracers are radiolabeled with 18F (e.g., [18F]-FDG and NA [18F]). Oxygen-15 isotope is mostly involved in blood flow measurements, whereas a wide array of 11C-based compounds have also been developed for neuronal disorders according to the affected neuroreceptors, prostate cancer, and lung carcinomas. In contrast, the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique uses gamma-emitting radioisotopes and can be used to diagnose strokes, seizures, bone illnesses, and infections by gauging the blood flow and radio distribution within tissues and organs. The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT imaging are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and indium-111. This systematic review article aims to clarify and disseminate the available scientific literature focused on PET/SPECT radiotracers and to provide an overview of the conducted research within the past decade, with an additional focus on the novel radiopharmaceuticals developed for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Crișan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Gabriel Andrieș
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Căinap
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Republicii 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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17
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Fu B, Wei X, Lin Y, Chen J, Yu D. Pathophysiologic Basis and Diagnostic Approaches for Ischemia With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Literature Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:731059. [PMID: 35369287 PMCID: PMC8968033 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.731059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) has gained increasing attention due to its high prevalence, atypical clinical presentations, difficult diagnostic procedures, and poor prognosis. There are two endotypes of INOCA-one is coronary microvascular dysfunction and the other is vasospastic angina. Diagnosis of INOCA lies in evaluating coronary flow reserve, microcirculatory resistance, and vasoreactivity, which is usually obtained via invasive coronary interventional techniques. Non-invasive diagnostic approaches such as echocardiography, single-photon emission computed tomography, cardiac positron emission tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are also valuable for assessing coronary blood flow. Some new techniques (e.g., continuous thermodilution and angiography-derived quantitative flow reserve) have been investigated to assist the diagnosis of INOCA. In this review, we aimed to discuss the pathophysiologic basis and contemporary and novel diagnostic approaches for INOCA, to construct a better understanding of INOCA evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Fu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Wei
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Geriatric Intensive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwen Lin
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Yu
- Division of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Avraham E, Meyerstein D, Lerner A, Yardeni G, Pevzner S, Zilbermann I, Moisy P, Maimon E, Popivker I. Reactions of methyl, hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals with the DOTA chelating agent used in medical imaging. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:134-142. [PMID: 34973364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of reaction of DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) with ·CH3, CH3O2· and ·OH radicals were studied. The radicals were formed in situ radiolytically. The methyl radicals react orders of magnitude slower with DOTA and with MIII(DOTA)- than the hydroxyl radicals. The various final products were identified and mechanisms for their formation are proposed. CH3O2· radicals do not react, or react too slowly to be observed, with DOTA and with MIII(DOTA)- as long as the central cation is not oxidized by the peroxyl radical. The results imply that synthesis of the MIII(DOTA)-(MIII = radioisotope) complexes in a water-organic solvent (ethanol or 2-propanol or acetonitrile) mixture is not only kinetically desired but the so formed complex also decreases the radiolytic decomposition of DOTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Avraham
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Department of Chemical Sciences, The Radical Research Center and the Schlesinger Family, Center for Compact Accelerators, Radiation Sources and Application, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ana Lerner
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Israel Atomic Energy Commission, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Yardeni
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Svetlana Pevzner
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Israel Zilbermann
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Philippe Moisy
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule, France
| | - Eric Maimon
- Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Inna Popivker
- Chemistry Department, Nuclear Research Centre Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with 18F-FGA for Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction in a Coronary Artery Ligation Model. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:9147379. [PMID: 35250392 PMCID: PMC8865857 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9147379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Location and extent of necrosis are valuable information in the management of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods. We investigated 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro glucaric acid (FGA), a novel infarct-avid agent, for positron emission tomography (PET) of MI. We synthesized FGA from commercially available 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-2-D-glucose (FDG). MI was induced in mice by permanently occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery. Biodistribution of FGA was assessed 1 h after FGA injection (11 MBq). PET/CT was conducted 1 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 4 d after MI. Subcellular compartment of FGA accumulation in necrosis was studied by tracing the uptake of biotin-labeled glucaric acid with streptavidin-HRP in H2O2-treated H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Streptavidin-reactive protein bands were identified by LC-MS/MS. Results. We obtained a quantitative yield of FGA from FDG within 7 min (
). Cardiac uptake of FGA was significantly higher in MI mice than that in control mice. Imaging after 1 h of FGA injection delineated MI for 3 days after MI induction, with negligible background signal from surrounding tissues. Myocardial injury was verified by tetrazolium staining and plasma troponin (47.63 pg/mL control versus 311.77 pg/mL MI). In necrotic H9c2 myoblasts, biotinylated glucaric acid accumulated in nuclear fraction. LC-MS/MS primarily identified fibronectin in necrotic cells as a putative high fidelity target of glucaric acid. Conclusion. FGA/PET detects infarct early after onset of MI and FGA accumulation in infarct persists for 3 days. Its retention in necrotic cells appears to be a result of interaction with fibronectin that is known to accumulate in injured cardiac tissue.
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Nuclear Molecular Imaging of Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020183. [PMID: 35215296 PMCID: PMC8875369 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of molecular imaging technologies in detecting, evaluating, and monitoring cardiovascular disease and their treatment is expanding rapidly. Gradually replacing the conventional anatomical or physiological approaches, molecular imaging strategies using biologically targeted markers provide unique insight into pathobiological processes at molecular and cellular levels and allow for cardiovascular disease evaluation and individualized therapy. This review paper will discuss currently available and developing molecular-based single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging strategies to evaluate post-infarction cardiac remodeling. These approaches include potential targeted methods of evaluating critical biological processes, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and scar formation.
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21
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Multiparametric Evaluation of Post-MI Small Animal Models Using Metabolic ([ 18F]FDG) and Perfusion-Based (SYN1) Heart Viability Tracers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212591. [PMID: 34830471 PMCID: PMC8619497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), with myocardial infarction (MI) being one of the crucial components, wreak havoc in developed countries. Advanced imaging technologies are required to obtain quick and widely available diagnostic data. This paper describes a multimodal approach to in vivo perfusion imaging using the novel SYN1 tracer based on the fluorine-18 isotope. The NOD-SCID mice were injected intravenously with SYN1 or [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) radiotracers after induction of the MI. In all studies, the positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) technique was used. To obtain hemodynamic data, mice were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Finally, the biodistribution of the SYN1 compound was performed using Wistar rat model. SYN1 showed normal accumulation in mouse and rat hearts, and MI hearts correctly indicated impaired cardiac segments when compared to [18F]-FDG uptake. In vivo PET/CT and MRI studies showed statistical convergence in terms of the size of the necrotic zone and cardiac function. This was further supported with RNAseq molecular analyses to correlate the candidate function genes’ expression, with Serpinb1c, Tnc and Nupr1, with Trem2 and Aldolase B functional correlations showing statistical significance in both SYN1 and [18F]-FDG. Our manuscript presents a new fluorine-18-based perfusion radiotracer for PET/CT imaging that may have importance in clinical applications. Future research should focus on confirmation of the data elucidated here to prepare SYN1 for first-in-human trials.
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Bailly M, Ribeiro MJ, Angoulvant D. Combining flow and reserve measurement during myocardial perfusion imaging: A new era for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy? Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 114:818-827. [PMID: 34801410 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial flow reserve represents the ratio of myocardial blood flow between stress and rest, giving functional information about both macrocirculation and microcirculation; it has been reported extensively in positron emission tomography, with an increase in diagnostic performance, providing important prognostic information and being a powerful tool to guide therapy. Advances in single photon emission computed tomography, with the widespread availability of "cadmium zinc telluride" single photon emission computed tomography cameras, raise the question of myocardial flow reserve use in daily clinical practice. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve, and the initial data available from single photon emission computed tomography myocardial blood flow and myocardial flow reserve evaluation; we also discuss potential limitations to the wider implementation of flow evaluation in single photon emission computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Bailly
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CHR Orleans, 14, Avenue de l'Hôpital, 45100 Orleans, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France.
| | - Maria Joao Ribeiro
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, 37000 Tours, France; Nuclear Medicine Department, CHRU Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- Cardiology Department, CHRU Tours, 37000 Tours, France; EA4245, T2i, Tours University, 37000 Tours, France
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Reeves RA, Halpern EJ, Rao VM. Cardiac Imaging Trends from 2010 to 2019 in the Medicare Population. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2021; 3:e210156. [PMID: 34778785 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2021210156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate changes in utilization of cardiac imaging-transthoracic, transesophageal, and stress echocardiography (TTE, TEE, and SE), coronary CT angiography (cCTA), cardiac MRI (cMRI), myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), and cardiac positron emission tomography (cPET). Materials and Methods The 2010-2019 Physician/Supplier Procedure Summary files were used to find imaging utilization per 100 000 Medicare beneficiaries. Global and professional claims were aggregated, representing total interpretive services. Specialty codes identified provider specialty. Results were stratified by physician offices, hospital outpatient departments (HOPDs), inpatient setting, and the emergency department. Results From 2010 to 2019, there was a partial shift from cardiologist offices to the HOPD for TTE (office: -23%; HOPD: +107%) and SE (office: -44%; HOPD: +11%). Cardiologist cCTA also shifted from the office (-57%) to the HOPD (+211%). Radiologist-performed cCTA grew in all locations but most in the HOPD (+355%), with radiologists performing more cCTA than cardiologists in all settings. cMRI rates remain low but rose in the HOPD for both cardiologists (+209%) and radiologists (+207%). Cardiologist MPI rates dropped dramatically in the office (-52%), with a smaller absolute rate increase in the HOPD (+71%). cPET nearly tripled in the cardiology office (+193%), but rates remained steady for radiologists. Conclusion While most cardiologist in-office imaging has shifted to the HOPD, there has been an increase in in-office cPET, likely due to a combination of technological advances, interpretation familiarity, and financial incentives. Radiologist cCTA rates continue to increase, representing a growing opportunity for radiologists to collaborate in cardiac imaging.Keywords: CT Angiography, Echocardiography, MR Imaging, PET, Radionuclide Studies, SPECT, Cardiac, Work Force Issues Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell A Reeves
- Department of Radiology, Center for Research on Utilization of Imaging Service (CRUISE), Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 S 10th St, Suite 1087, Main Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19147
| | - Ethan J Halpern
- Department of Radiology, Center for Research on Utilization of Imaging Service (CRUISE), Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 S 10th St, Suite 1087, Main Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19147
| | - Vijay M Rao
- Department of Radiology, Center for Research on Utilization of Imaging Service (CRUISE), Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 132 S 10th St, Suite 1087, Main Bldg, Philadelphia, PA 19147
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Cichocki P, Błaszczyk M, Cygulska K, Filipczak K, Adamczewski Z, Kuśmierek J, Lipiec P, Kasprzak JD, Płachcińska A. Inter- and Intraobserver Repeatability of Myocardial Flow Reserve Values Determined with SPECT Study Using a Discovery NM530c Camera and Corridor 4DM Software. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111164. [PMID: 34834516 PMCID: PMC8624690 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial blood flow (MBF) and flow reserve (MFR) examination, especially useful in the diagnosis of multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD), can be assessed with a cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) SPECT gamma camera, as an alternative to the expensive and less available PET. However, study processing is not free from subjective factors. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate intra- and interobserver repeatability of MBF and MFR values obtained by the same operator and two independent operators. METHODS This study included 57 adult patients. MBF and MFR were assessed using a Discovery NM530c camera in a two-day, rest/dipyridamople protocol, using 99mTc-MIBI. Data were processed using Corridor4DM software, twice by one operator and once by another operator. RESULTS The repeatability of the assessed values was quite good in the whole myocardium, LAD and LCX vascular territories, but was poor in the RCA territory. CONCLUSIONS The poor repeatability of MBF and MFR in RCA vascular territory can be explained by poor automatic orientation of the heart axis during post-processing and a so-called "cardiac creep" phenomenon. Better automatic heart orientation and introduction of automatic motion correction is likely to drastically improve this repeatability. In the present state of the software, PET is better for patients requiring assessment of MFR in the RCA territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Cichocki
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Michał Błaszczyk
- Department of Quality Control and Radiological Protection, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Kamila Cygulska
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Bieganski Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland; (K.C.); (P.L.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Filipczak
- Department of Quality Control and Radiological Protection, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Zbigniew Adamczewski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Kuśmierek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (P.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Piotr Lipiec
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Bieganski Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland; (K.C.); (P.L.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Jarosław Damian Kasprzak
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Bieganski Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, 91-347 Lodz, Poland; (K.C.); (P.L.); (J.D.K.)
| | - Anna Płachcińska
- Department of Quality Control and Radiological Protection, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland; (M.B.); (K.F.); (A.P.)
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Troy AM, Cheng HM. Human microvascular reactivity: a review of vasomodulating stimuli and non-invasive imaging assessment. Physiol Meas 2021; 42. [PMID: 34325417 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac18fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The microvasculature serves an imperative function in regulating perfusion and nutrient exchange throughout the body, adaptively altering blood flow to preserve hemodynamic and metabolic homeostasis. Its normal functioning is vital to tissue health, whereas its dysfunction is present in many chronic conditions, including diabetes, heart disease, and cognitive decline. As microvascular dysfunction often appears early in disease progression, its detection can offer early diagnostic information. To detect microvascular dysfunction, one uses imaging to probe the microvasculature's ability to react to a stimulus, also known as microvascular reactivity (MVR). An assessment of MVR requires an integrated understanding of vascular physiology, techniques for stimulating reactivity, and available imaging methods to capture the dynamic response. Practical considerations, including compatibility between the selected stimulus and imaging approach, likewise require attention. In this review, we provide a comprehensive foundation necessary for informed imaging of MVR, with a particular focus on the challenging endeavor of assessing microvascular function in deep tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Troy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, CANADA
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Bouchelouche K, Sathekge MM. Letter from the Editors. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 51:309-311. [PMID: 34016291 PMCID: PMC8126647 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bouchelouche
- Address reprint requests to Kirsten Bouchelouche, MD, DMSc, Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET-Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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Bays HE, Khera A, Blaha MJ, Budoff MJ, Toth PP. Ten things to know about ten imaging studies: A preventive cardiology perspective ("ASPC top ten imaging"). Am J Prev Cardiol 2021; 6:100176. [PMID: 34327499 PMCID: PMC8315431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowing the patient's current cardiovascular disease (CVD) status, as well as the patient's current and future CVD risk, helps the clinician make more informed patient-centered management recommendations towards the goal of preventing future CVD events. Imaging tests that can assist the clinician with the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD include imaging studies of the heart and vascular system, as well as imaging studies of other body organs applicable to CVD risk. The American Society for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) has published "Ten Things to Know About Ten Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors." Similarly, this "ASPC Top Ten Imaging" summarizes ten things to know about ten imaging studies related to assessing CVD and CVD risk, listed in tabular form. The ten imaging studies herein include: (1) coronary artery calcium imaging (CAC), (2) coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), (3) cardiac ultrasound (echocardiography), (4) nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), (5) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), (6) cardiac catheterization [with or without intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or coronary optical coherence tomography (OCT)], (7) dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition, (8) hepatic imaging [ultrasound of liver, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), CT, MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)], (9) peripheral artery / endothelial function imaging (e.g., carotid ultrasound, peripheral doppler imaging, ultrasound flow-mediated dilation, other tests of endothelial function and peripheral vascular imaging) and (10) images of other body organs applicable to preventive cardiology (brain, kidney, ovary). Many cardiologists perform cardiovascular-related imaging. Many non-cardiologists perform applicable non-cardiovascular imaging. Cardiologists and non-cardiologists alike may benefit from a working knowledge of imaging studies applicable to the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD and CVD risk - both important in preventive cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold E. Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville KY 40213 USA
| | - Amit Khera
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Michael J. Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore MD USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Medicine, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance CA USA
| | - Peter P. Toth
- CGH Medical Cener, Sterling, IL 61081 USA
- Cicarrone center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Blower JE, Ma MT, Al-Salemee FAI, Gee AD. The Hantzsch reaction for nitrogen-13 PET: preparation of [ 13N]nifedipine and derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4962-4965. [PMID: 33876157 PMCID: PMC8132178 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00495f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-13 is an attractive but under-used PET radionuclide for labelling molecules of biological and pharmaceutical interest, complementing other PET radionuclides. Its short half-life (t1/2 = 9.97 min) imposes synthetic challenges, but we have expanded the hitherto limited pool of 13N labelling strategies and tracers by adapting the multicomponent Hantzsch condensation reaction to prepare a library of 13N-labelled 1,4-dihydropyridines from [13N]ammonia, including the widely-used drug nifedipine. This represents a key advance in 13N PET radiochemistry, and will serve to underpin the renewed interest in clinical opportunities offered by short-lived PET tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Blower
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Michelle T Ma
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Fahad A I Al-Salemee
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
| | - Antony D Gee
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Munch M, Rotstein BH, Ulrich G. Fluorine-18-Labeled Fluorescent Dyes for Dual-Mode Molecular Imaging. Molecules 2020; 25:E6042. [PMID: 33371284 PMCID: PMC7766373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress realized in the development of optical imaging (OPI) probes and devices has made this technique more and more affordable for imaging studies and fluorescence-guided surgery procedures. However, this imaging modality still suffers from a low depth of penetration, thus limiting its use to shallow tissues or endoscopy-based procedures. In contrast, positron emission tomography (PET) presents a high depth of penetration and the resulting signal is less attenuated, allowing for imaging in-depth tissues. Thus, association of these imaging techniques has the potential to push back the limits of each single modality. Recently, several research groups have been involved in the development of radiolabeled fluorophores with the aim of affording dual-mode PET/OPI probes used in preclinical imaging studies of diverse pathological conditions such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, or cardiovascular diseases. Among all the available PET-active radionuclides, 18F stands out as the most widely used for clinical imaging thanks to its advantageous characteristics (t1/2 = 109.77 min; 97% β+ emitter). This review focuses on the recent efforts in the synthesis and radiofluorination of fluorescent scaffolds such as 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-diazaindacenes (BODIPYs), cyanines, and xanthene derivatives and their use in preclinical imaging studies using both PET and OPI technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Munch
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Benjamin H. Rotstein
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gilles Ulrich
- Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l’Énergie, l’Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES), UMR CNRS 7515, École Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, CEDEX 02, 67087 Strasbourg, France;
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Klein R, deKemp RA. Selection of PET Camera and Implications on the Reliability and Accuracy of Absolute Myocardial Blood Flow Quantification. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:109. [DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Bouchelouche K, Sathekge MM. Letter from the Editors. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:281-282. [PMID: 32540025 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bouchelouche K, Sathekge MM. Letter from the Editors. Semin Nucl Med 2020; 50:193-194. [PMID: 32284105 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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