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Skabelund Z, Acharya D, Banks J, Chaudhry M, Huang CC, Nicholas C, Reed D. Post-traumatic osteoarthritic-mediated changes in condylar shape do not covary with changes in the internal microstructure of the bone. Bone 2024; 189:117263. [PMID: 39307297 PMCID: PMC11490414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is associated with remodeling of the subchondral bone. This remodeling changes both the external appearance of the condylar bone and the internal bony microstructure. The external geometry can be quantified using shape, a multivariate mathematical measurement that contains all of the structure's geometric information with location, scale, and rotation effects removed. There is an important gap in knowledge related to how TMJ PTOA affects the shape of the mandible and if the external shape covaries with the internal bony microstructure. To evaluate these gaps, TMJ PTOA was induced in male and female skeletally mature mice using a surgical destabilization procedure. After four weeks, tissues were collected and characterized using a high-resolution μCT scanner. Shape was calculated from surface reconstructions of the mandibular condyle, and the internal bony microstructure was characterized by the region of interest including the subchondral trabeculae. The covariance of shape with and without corrections for allometric scaling and internal bony microstructure was calculated using a Procrustes ANOVA. The data illustrate that PTOA significantly alters the shape of the condyle in a sex-independent manner. PTOA does alter some aspects of the internal bony microstructure in a sex-dependent manner. Allometric scaling was a significant factor in the variance of shape. Shape including the effects of allometric scaling significantly covaries with some internal bony microstructure variables in both sexes. Shape scaled to remove the effects of allometric scaling does not covary with internal bony microstructure in either sex. These findings indicate that PTOA progression is associated with changes in the size and shape of the condyle but variance in trabecular bone remodeling is only associated with size related shape change. Thus, the allostatic response of subchondral bone is multimodal, coordinating two independent biological processes controlling size and shape. Since subchondral bone participates in and guides the progression of PTOA, these findings have implications for identifying select and specific mechanisms contributing to the progression and pathophysiology of the PTOA in the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Skabelund
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthodontics, Chicago, IL, United States of America; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Dakshina Acharya
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthodontics, Chicago, IL, United States of America; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Banks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthodontics, Chicago, IL, United States of America; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Minahil Chaudhry
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthodontics, Chicago, IL, United States of America; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthodontics, Chicago, IL, United States of America; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Christina Nicholas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthodontics, Chicago, IL, United States of America; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David Reed
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Orthodontics, Chicago, IL, United States of America; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Oral Biology, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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Obwegeser JA, Burkhard JPM. Condylar Shave For the Treatment of Active Condylar Growth Excess. J Craniofac Surg 2024:00001665-990000000-01627. [PMID: 38781423 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The authors present a novel approach for addressing excessive condylar growth in individuals exhibiting asymmetric mandibular growth patterns.
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Ahn SY, Bagheri Varzaneh M, Zhao Y, Rozynek J, Ravindran S, Banks J, Chaudhry M, Reed DA. NG2/CSPG4 attenuates motility in mandibular fibrochondrocytes under serum starvation conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240920. [PMID: 38020894 PMCID: PMC10662293 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration of mandibular fibrochondrocytes is important for the development of the mandible, the homeostasis of the mandibular cartilage, and for the capacity of the tissue to respond to injury. Mandibular fibrochondrocytes have to overcome formidable obstacles during migration including a dense and heterogeneous three-dimensional matrix. Guiding the direction of cell migration and commitment to a migratory phenotype in this microenvironment necessitates a multivalent response to chemotactic and extracellular matrix-mediated stimuli. One of the key matrix components in the cartilage of the temporomandibular joint is type VI collagen. Neuron/glial antigen 2 (NG2/CSPG4) is a transmembrane proteoglycan that binds with collagen VI and has been implicated in a wide range of cell behaviors including cell migration, motility, adhesion, and proliferation. While NG2/CSPG4 has been shown to be a key regulator of mandibular cartilage homeostasis, its role in the migration of mandibular fibrochondrocytes during normal and cell stress conditions has yet to be resolved. Here, we address this gap in knowledge by characterizing NG2/CSPG4-dependent migration in mandibular fibrochondrocytes using primary mandibular fibrochondrocytes isolated from control and full length NG2/CSPG4 knockout mice, in primary mandibular fibrochondrocytes isolated from NG2|DsRed reporter mice and in an immortalized mandibular fibrochondrocyte cell line with a mutated NG2/CSPG4 ectodomain. All three cells demonstrate similar results, with loss of the full length or truncated NG2/CSPG4 increasing the rate of cell migration in serum starvation/cell stress conditions. These findings clearly implicate NG2/CSPG4 as a key molecule in the regulation of cell migration in mandibular fibrochondrocytes in normal and cell stress conditions, underscoring the role of NG2/CSPG4 as a mechanosensitive signaling hub in the mandibular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Ahn
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mina Bagheri Varzaneh
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jacob Rozynek
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sriram Ravindran
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan Banks
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Minahil Chaudhry
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David A. Reed
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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4
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Teixeira CC, Abdullah F, Alikhani M, Alansari S, Sangsuwon C, Oliveira S, Nervina JM, Alikhani M. Dynamic loading stimulates mandibular condyle remodeling. J World Fed Orthod 2022; 11:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Qiao Y, Yi D, Reed DA, Mercuri LG, Chen D, Oh CD. A novel approach to establishing a temporomandibular joint fibrocartilage cell line. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1378-1386. [PMID: 35784155 PMCID: PMC9236962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a bi-arthrodial joint that is composed of the temporal bone glenoid fossa and the condylar head of the mandible both having fibrocartilaginous articular surfaces. Functional overloading of the TMJ is the main cause of TMJ osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) disease. The aim of this study was to establish immortalized TMJ fibrocartilage cell clones to provide enough cells to adequately investigate the molecular mechanisms studies of TMJ OA. Materials and methods We have isolated temporomandibular condyle chondrocytes from adult Sprague Dawley rat. The cells were cultured and immortalized by treating with Y-27632, a well-characterized inhibitor of Rho-Associated Kinase (ROCK). Clones were characterized on the basis of cell morphology and analyses of marker gene expression through 45 passages. Results Cells from the condylar fibrocartilage of the TMJ were successfully immortalized by ROCK inhibitor, retaining a consistent cuboidal cell morphology and the expression of several cell markers of polymorphic cell fate. In addition, they retained phenotype features similar to the primary parental TMJ fibrocartilage cells when the cells were challenged with different cytokines and growth factors. Conclusion These studies establish a novel immortalized cell line through ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, that retains the polymorphic phenotype of primary cell lines from TMJ fibrocartilage chondrocyte cell through a high number of passages, serving as a valuable preclinical resource for mechanistic in vitro assessment of TMJ health, disease, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Qiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Dan Yi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - David Andrew Reed
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Louis G. Mercuri
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Research Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun-do Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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Kuroda T. Evidence-based individualized orthodontic treatment: The future of orthodontics? J World Fed Orthod 2020; 9:139-145. [PMID: 33277221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The term "Evidence-based Orthodontic Treatment" is often used in orthodontic clinical and research publications to validate a particular therapeutic approach. The most pertinent questions regarding this is - what is the actual "evidence" for what we do as orthodontists? and where does it come from? Development of knowledge in the areas of molecular biology, craniofacial growth and development, histological tissue reaction, and dental materials, as well as the improved use of statistics have supported the current theoretical basis for orthodontic treatment. As a result, there has been increase in development of technical procedures for patient care. However, it is necessary to have "Scientific Proof" if we use the word "Evidence." Looking to the future, we need to focus on individual patient variables by better monitoring differences in the biological and psycho-social backgrounds among patients. In future, clinicians performing orthodontic treatment planning will need to cultivate an "individualized diagnostic eye," based on improved understanding of patient characteristics with genome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kuroda
- WFO Honorary Member, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yokohama, Japan.
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7
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Comparing Clinical and Radiological Manifestations of Adolescent Idiopathic Condylar Resorption and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the Temporomandibular Joint. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:774-785. [PMID: 33217307 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional study compared orofacial manifestations at the time of diagnosis in 2 temporomandibular joint (TMJ) conditions: adolescent idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) and TMJ involvement from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 19 JIAs, 19 ICRs, and 19 control patients, all treated at the Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University Craniofacial Clinic, Denmark. From patient files, we retrieved radiological data from cone-beam computed tomographies along with information on symptoms and orofacial function at the time of diagnosis. Validated methodologies were used to evaluate TMJ and dentofacial morphology. RESULTS We found no statistically significant intergroup differences in severity of deformation of TMJ structures (TMJ deformity) between JIA and ICR patients. However, the ICR group showed significantly greater signs of dentofacial deformity on 4 outcome variables: mandibular inclination, posterior/anterior lower face height ratio, mandibular sagittal position, and mandibular occlusal plane inclination. Significant intergroup differences in clinical presentation were seen in 5 of 20 variables. Thus, the JIA group reported significantly more symptoms of TMJ pain, TMJ morning stiffness, and TMJ pain on palpation during the clinical examination, whereas the ICR group reported significantly more TMJ clicking during function and had a higher proportion of patients with anterior open bite. CONCLUSIONS Cone-beam computed tomography examination showed a similar degree of TMJ deformity in ICR and JIA patients at the time of diagnosis. ICR patients presented with a significantly higher degree of dentofacial deformity than JIA patients and healthy controls, which relates to the timing of the diagnosis. Arthralgia, TMJ morning stiffness, and TMJ palpitation pain were more common in JIA patients, whereas TMJ clicking during function and anterior open bites were more common in ICR patients.
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8
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Stoustrup P, Pedersen TK, Nørholt SE, Resnick CM, Abramowicz S. Interdisciplinary Management of Dentofacial Deformity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2019; 32:117-134. [PMID: 31699581 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis impacts mandibular growth and development. This can result in skeletal deformity, such as facial asymmetry and/or malocclusion asymmetry. This article reviews the unique properties of TMJ and dentofacial growth and development in the setting of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Specific orthopedic/orthodontic and surgical management of children with JIA and TMJ arthritis is discussed. The importance of interdisciplinary collaboration is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stoustrup
- Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9-11, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Klit Pedersen
- Section of Orthodontics, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9-11, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sven Erik Nørholt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Section of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard 9-11, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cory M Resnick
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelly Abramowicz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, 1365 Clifton Road, Building B, Suite 2300, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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9
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Roberts RR, Bobzin L, Teng CS, Pal D, Tuzon CT, Schweitzer R, Merrill AE. FGF signaling patterns cell fate at the interface between tendon and bone. Development 2019; 146:dev.170241. [PMID: 31320326 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tendon and bone are attached by a transitional connective tissue that is morphologically graded from tendinous to osseous and develops from bipotent progenitors that co-express scleraxis (Scx) and Sox9 (Scx+/Sox9+). Scx+/Sox9+ progenitors have the potential to differentiate into either tenocytes or chondrocytes, yet the developmental mechanism that spatially resolves their bipotency at the tendon-bone interface during embryogenesis remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that development of Scx+/Sox9+ progenitors within the mammalian lower jaw requires FGF signaling. We find that loss of Fgfr2 in the mouse tendon-bone interface reduces Scx expression in Scx+/Sox9+ progenitors and induces their biased differentiation into Sox9+ chondrocytes. This expansion of Sox9+ chondrocytes, which is concomitant with decreased Notch2-Dll1 signaling, prevents formation of a mixed population of chondrocytes and tenocytes, and instead results in ectopic endochondral bone at tendon-bone attachment units. Our work shows that FGF signaling directs zonal patterning at the boundary between tendon and bone by regulating cell fate decisions through a mechanism that employs Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Roberts
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lauren Bobzin
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Camilla S Teng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, CA 90033, USA
| | - Deepanwita Pal
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Creighton T Tuzon
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ronen Schweitzer
- Research Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amy E Merrill
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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10
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Neuron/Glial Antigen 2-Type VI Collagen Interactions During Murine Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:56. [PMID: 30635602 PMCID: PMC6329769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of articular cartilage underscores the clinical pathology of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and is promoted through dysfunctional biochemical or biophysical signaling. Transduction of these signals has a multifaceted regulation that includes important cell-matrix derived interactions. The matrix encapsulating the cells of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is rich in type VI collagen. Neuron/glia antigen 2 (NG2) is a type I transmembrane proteoglycan that binds with type VI collagen. This study defines the temporospatial dynamics of NG2-type VI collagen interactions during the progression of TMJ-OA. Membrane-bound NG2 is found to colocalize with pericellular type VI collagen in superficial layer cells in the MCC perichondrium but is present at high levels in the cytosol of chondroblastic and hypertrophic cells. When TMJ -OA is induced using a surgical instability model, localized disruptions of pericellular type VI collagen are observed on the central and medial MCC and are associated with significantly higher levels of cytosolic NG2. NG2 localized within the cytosol is found to be transported through clathrin and dynamin mediated endocytic pathways. These findings are consistent with NG2 behavior in other injury models and underscore the potential of NG2 as an entirely novel molecular mechanism of chondrocyte function contextually linked with TMJ-OA.
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11
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Robinson JL, Soria P, Xu M, Vrana M, Luchetti J, Lu HH, Chen J, Wadhwa S. Estrogen Promotes Mandibular Condylar Fibrocartilage Chondrogenesis and Inhibits Degeneration via Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Female Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8527. [PMID: 29867155 PMCID: PMC5986784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint degenerative disease (TMJ-DD) is a chronic form of TMJ disorder that specifically afflicts people over the age of 40 and targets women at a higher rate than men. Prevalence of TMJ-DD in this population suggests that estrogen loss plays a role in the disease pathogenesis. Thus, the goal of the present study was to determine the role of estrogen on chondrogenesis and homeostasis via estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) during growth and maturity of the joint. Young and mature WT and ERαKO female mice were subjected to ovariectomy procedures and then given placebo or estradiol treatment. The effect of estrogen via ERα on fibrocartilage morphology, matrix production, and protease activity was assessed. In the young mice, estrogen via ERα promoted mandibular condylar fibrocartilage chondrogenesis partly by inhibiting the canonical Wnt signaling pathway through upregulation of sclerostin (Sost). In the mature mice, protease activity was partly inhibited with estrogen treatment via the upregulation and activity of protease inhibitor 15 (Pi15) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2m). The results from this work provide a mechanistic understanding of estradiol on TMJ growth and homeostasis and can be utilized for development of therapeutic targets to promote regeneration and inhibit degeneration of the mandibular condylar fibrocartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Robinson
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Columbia University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Paola Soria
- Columbia University Division of Orthodontics, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Manshan Xu
- Columbia University Division of Orthodontics, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Mark Vrana
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey Luchetti
- Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen H Lu
- Columbia University Department of Biomedical Engineering, 351 Engineering Terrace, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Columbia University Division of Orthodontics, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sunil Wadhwa
- Columbia University Division of Orthodontics, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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12
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Robinson JL, Cass K, Aronson R, Choi T, Xu M, Buttenbaum R, Drissi H, Lu HH, Chen J, Wadhwa S. Sex differences in the estrogen-dependent regulation of temporomandibular joint remodeling in altered loading. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:533-543. [PMID: 27903449 PMCID: PMC5359071 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases predominantly afflict women, suggesting a role of estrogen in the disease etiology. Previously, we determined that decreased occlusal loading (DOL) inhibited collagen type II (Col2) expression in the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) of female wild-type (WT) mice whereas no change was observed in males. This decrease in chondrogenesis was abolished by estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) deficiency in females. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the role of estradiol - ERβ signaling in mediating DOL effects in male mice to further decipher sex differences. METHODS Male 21 day-old WT and ERβKO male mice were treated with either placebo or estradiol and exposed to normal or DOL for 4 weeks. Cartilage thickness and cell proliferation, gene expression and immunohistochemistry of chondrogenic markers and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and analysis of bone histomorphometry via microCT were completed to ascertain the effect of estradiol on DOL effects to the TMJ. RESULTS ERβKO male mice lack a MCC phenotype. In both genotypes, estradiol treatment increased Col2 gene expression and trabecular thickness. DOL in combination with estradiol treatment caused a significant increase in Col2 gene expression in both genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The sex differences in DOL-induced inhibition of Col2 expression do not appear to be mediated by differences in estradiol levels between male and female mice. Greater understanding on the role of estrogen and altered loading are critical in order to decipher the sex dimorphism of TMJ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Robinson
- Division of Orthodontics, New York, New York, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katelyn Cass
- Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ross Aronson
- Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Choi
- Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Manshan Xu
- Division of Orthodontics, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Buttenbaum
- Columbia University, College of Dental Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- New England Musculoskeletal Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Helen H. Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Orthodontics, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sunil Wadhwa
- Division of Orthodontics, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Cavalli MA, Gonçalves A, Pereira JNB, Silva JBD, Boldrini SDC, Liberti EA. Evaluation of protein undernourishment on the condylar process of the Wistar rat mandible correlation with insulin receptor expression. J Appl Oral Sci 2015; 23:135-44. [PMID: 26018304 PMCID: PMC4428457 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mandible condylar process cartilage (CP) of Wistar rats is a secondary cartilage and acts as a mandibular growth site. This phenomenon depends on adequate proteins intake and hormone actions, including insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Arthur Cavalli
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joice Naiara Bertaglia Pereira
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jodonai Barbosa da Silva
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Aparecido Liberti
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Osseous alterations in the condylar head after unilateral surgical directional change in rabbit mandibular condyles: Preliminary study. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014; 42:1632-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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16
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Jing J, Hinton RJ, Jing Y, Liu Y, Zhou X, Feng JQ. Osterix couples chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in post-natal condylar growth. J Dent Res 2014; 93:1014-21. [PMID: 25192899 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514549379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osterix (Osx) is a transcription factor essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone mineralization. Although there are indications that Osx also plays a regulatory role in cartilage, this has not been well-studied. The goal of this study was to define the function of Osx in the post-natal growth of the secondary cartilage at the mandibular condyle. Conditional Osx knockout (cKO) mice that were missing Osx only in cartilage were generated by crossing Osx-loxP mice to Aggrecan-Cre mice. Cre activity was induced by tamoxifen injection twice a week from day 12 to 1 mo of age, and specimens were collected at 1 and 5 mo of age. At 1 mo of age, the condylar hypertrophic chondrocyte zone in the cKO-mice was > three-fold thicker than that in the age-matched control, with little sign of endochondral bone formation. Immunohistochemistry and analysis of histological data revealed a defect in the coupling of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the cKO mice. In five-month-old mice examined to address whether late-stage removal of the Cre-deletion event would alleviate the phenotype, the hypertrophic chondrocyte zone in the cKO condyles was considerably larger than in wild-type mice. There were large discrete areas of calcified cartilage in the hypertrophic zone, few signs of endochondral bone formation, and large regions of disorganized intramembranous bone. Analysis of these data further strengthens the notion that Osterix is essential for the coupling of terminal cartilage differentiation and endochondral ossification in mandibular condylar cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - R J Hinton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Y Jing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - X Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China
| | - J Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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Liu Q, Gibson MP, Sun H, Qin C. Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) plays an essential role in the postnatal development and maintenance of mouse mandibular condylar cartilage. J Histochem Cytochem 2013; 61:749-58. [PMID: 23900597 DOI: 10.1369/0022155413502056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was found to be expressed in the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC), but the possible roles of this molecule in the formation, growth, and maintenance of the cartilage are largely unclear. To analyze such roles, we examined Dspp null mice compared with wild-type mice to assess the consequences of Dspp deletion on the morphology and structure of the MCC. Our data showed that DSPP is expressed in the prechondroblastic, chondroblastic, hypertrophic layers of the MCC. Dspp null mice exhibited decreases in the amount of MCC, with reduced formation of articular and prechondroblastic layers in which progenitor cell proliferation levels were distinctly affected. The expression of extracellular matrix molecules, including biglycan and collagen II, IX, and X, was remarkably altered. The findings in this study indicate that continuous DSPP action is required for the growth and/or maintenance of the MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis,Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
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19
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Patil AS, Sable RB, Kothari RM. Role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), their receptors and genetic regulation in the chondrogenesis and growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:1796-804. [PMID: 21732349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is reviewed as a function of genetic and epigenetic factors. The growth centers around the differential spatial concentration of the chondrocytes, influence of growth factors like TGF-β and heterogeneity in the number of IGF receptors, control the action of IGF. Besides these factors, growth of the mandibular condyle is influenced by differential response of chondrocytes as a function of their source/ageing, which in turn is regulated by TGF-β, BMPs and IGFs. While IGF-1 promotes proteoglycan synthesis and survival of the chondrocytes to maintain cartilage homeostasis, TGF-β synergistically catalysed the effect of IGF-1, while BMPs catalysed proteolysis as and when physiologically needed. To understand these processes, role of IGF-1 and its six receptors is at the center to a number of physiological processes being regulated by its mode of application for the growth and differentiation. Probing deeper, biological functions of IGFs seemed to depend on their level of free status rather than bound status to respective IGF-binding proteins (IGF-BPs), considered prerequisite to modulate their biological functions. Genetic regulation of their secretion has thrown light on their insulin-like structural homology, level and response in osteo-arthritis (OA), rheumatic arthritis (RA) and diabetes type-II. Biochemistry and spatial distribution of IGF receptors in different domains exerts control on IGF-1 activities. In ultimate analysis, IGF-axis conserved during the evolution to regulate cell growth and proliferation affect nearly every organ in the body as judged from the techniques determining skeletal maturity and decision making dependent on it for orthodontic, orthognathic/orthopedic and dental implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol S Patil
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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20
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Patil AS, Sable RB, Kothari RM. An update on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β): sources, types, functions and clinical applicability for cartilage/bone healing. J Cell Physiol 2011; 226:3094-103. [PMID: 21344394 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been reviewed for its sources, types of isoforms, biochemical effects on cartilage formation/repair, and its possible clinical applications. Purification of three isoforms (TGF-β-1, β-2 and β-3) and their biochemical characterization revealed mainly their homo-dimer nature, with heterodimers in traces, each monomer comprised of 112 amino acids and MW. of 12 500 Da. While histo-chemical staining by a variety of dyes has revealed precise localization of TGF-β in tissues, immune-blot technique has thrown light on their expression as a function of age (neonatal vs. adult), as also on its quantum in an active and latent state. X-ray crystallographic studies and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis have unraveled mysteries of their three-dimensional structures, essential for understanding their functions. Their similarities have led to interchangeability in assays, while differences have led to their specialized clinical applicability. For this purpose, their latent (inactive) form is changed to an active form through enzymatic processes of phosphorylation/glycosylation/transamination/proteolytic degradation. Their functions encompass differentiation and de-differentiation of chondrocytes, synthesis of collagen and proteoglycans (PGs) and thereby maintain homeostasis of cartilage in several degenerative diseases and repair through cell cycle signaling and physiological control. While several factors affecting their performance are already identified, their interplay and chronology of sequences of functions is yet to be understood. For its success in clinical applications, challenges in judicious dealing with the factors and their interplay need to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Patil
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
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21
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Serrano MJ, So S, Svoboda KKH, Hinton RJ. Cell fate mediators Notch and Twist in mouse mandibular condylar cartilage. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:607-13. [PMID: 21167473 PMCID: PMC3098942 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to examine if Twist and Notch 1 are present in the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and whether their gene expression can be altered by exogenous FGF-2 and TGF-β2. DESIGN Half-heads from CD-1 mice pups harvested at embryonic day 17 (E17) were fixed, decalcified, and sectioned in the sagittal plane for immunohistochemical detection of Notch and Twist using confocal microscopy. Other mandibular condyles and adjacent ramus from E17 mice were cultured in serum-free DMEM containing 0, 3, or 30 ng/mL of FGF-2 (10-12 condyles per treatment group). This experimental design was repeated with medium containing 0, 3, or 30 ng/mL of TGF-β2. After 3 days of culture, the pooled RNA from each group was extracted for examination of Notch and Twist gene expression using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Immunohistochemical examination revealed that Notch and Twist were localized to the prechondroblastic and upper chondroblastic layers of the cartilage. Exogenous FGF-2 up-regulated Notch 1, Twist 1 and Twist 2 gene expression in MCC explants from E17 mice, whilst TGF-β2 had the opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS The gene expression data demonstrate that MCC explants are sensitive to growth factors known to affect Notch and Twist in other tissues. The subset of cells in which Twist and Notch immunoreactivity was found is suggestive of a role for FGF-2 and TGF-β2 as regulators of cell differentiation of the bipotent MCC cell population, consistent with the role of Notch and Twist as downstream mediators of these growth factors in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Serrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Sun Y, Ma S, Zhou J, Yamoah AK, Feng JQ, Hinton RJ, Qin C. Distribution of small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) in the articular cartilage of the rat femoral head. J Histochem Cytochem 2010; 58:1033-43. [PMID: 20679519 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2010.956771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family is closely related to osteogenesis. Until recently, little was known about their existence in articular cartilage. In this study, we systematically evaluated the presence and distribution of four SIBLING family members in rat femoral head cartilage: dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). First, non-collagenous proteins were extracted and then separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Next, the protein extracts eluted by chromatography were analyzed by Stains-all staining and Western immunoblotting. IHC was used to assess the distribution of these four SIBLING family members in the femoral head cartilage. Both approaches showed that all the four SIBLING family members are expressed in the femoral head cartilage. IHC showed that SIBLING members are distributed in various locations throughout the articular cartilage. The NH₂-terminal fragments of DMP1, BSP, and OPN are present in the cells and in the extracellular matrix, whereas the COOH-terminal fragment of DMP1 and the NH₂-terminal fragment of DSPP are primarily intracellularly localized in the chondrocytes. The presence of the SIBLING family members in the rat femoral head cartilage suggests that they may play important roles in chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Sun Y, Gandhi V, Prasad M, Yu W, Wang X, Zhu Q, Feng JQ, Hinton RJ, Qin C. Distribution of small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLING) in the condylar cartilage of rat mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:272-81. [PMID: 20097540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Small Integrin-Binding LIgand, N-linked Glycoprotein (SIBLING) family is one category of non-collagenous proteins closely related to osteogenesis. In this study, the authors systematically evaluated the presence and distribution of four SIBLING family members, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteopontin (OPN), in rat mandibular condylar cartilage using protein chemistry and immunohistochemistry. For protein chemistry, SIBLING proteins in the dissected condylar cartilage were extracted with 4M guanidium-HCl, separated by ion-exchange chromatography, and analyzed by Western immunoblotting. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the distribution of these four SIBLING proteins in the condylar cartilage of 2-, 5- and 8-week-old rats. Results from both approaches showed that all four members are expressed in the condylar cartilage. DSPP, unlike that observed in dentin and bone, exists as a full-length form (uncleaved) in the condylar cartilage. The NH(2)-terminal fragment of DMP1 is mainly detected in the matrix of the cartilage while the COOH-terminal fragment is primarily localized in the nuclei of cells in the chondroblastic and hypertrophic layers. The data obtained in this investigation provide clues about the potential roles of these SIBLING proteins in chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A & M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Singh M, Detamore MS. Biomechanical properties of the mandibular condylar cartilage and their relevance to the TMJ disc. J Biomech 2009; 42:405-17. [PMID: 19200995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Revised: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular condylar cartilage plays a crucial role in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function, which includes facilitating articulation with the TMJ disc, reducing loads on the underlying bone, and contributing to bone remodeling. To improve our understanding of the TMJ function in normal and pathological situations, accurate and validated three-dimensional (3-D) finite element models (FEMs) of the human TMJ may serve as valuable diagnostic tools as well as predictors of thresholds for tissue damage resulting from parafunctional activities and trauma. In this context, development of reliable biomechanical standards for condylar cartilage is crucial. Moreover, biomechanical characteristics of the native tissue are important design parameters for creating functional tissue-engineered replacements. Towards these goals, biomechanical characteristics of the condylar cartilage have been reviewed here, highlighting the structure-function correlations. Structurally, condylar cartilage, like the TMJ disc, exhibits zonal and topographical heterogeneity. Early structural investigations of the condylar cartilage have suggested that the tissue possesses a somewhat transversely isotropic orientation of collagen fibers in the fibrous zone. However, recent tensile and shear evaluations have reported a higher stiffness of the tissue in the anteroposterior direction than in the mediolateral direction, corresponding to an anisotropic fiber orientation comparable to the TMJ disc. In a few investigations, condylar cartilage under compression was found to be stiffer anteriorly than posteriorly. As with the TMJ disc, further compressive characterization is warranted. To draw inferences for human tissue using animal models, establishing stiffness-thickness correlations and regional evaluation of proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan content may be essential. Efforts directed from the biomechanics community for the characterization of TMJ tissues will facilitate the development of reliable and accurate 3-D FEMs of the human TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Singh
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th Street, Room 4132, Lawrence, KS 66045-7609, USA
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25
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Guan G, Shi S, Kramer PR. Role of Adult Stem Cells in Craniofacial Growth and Repair. Semin Orthod 2005. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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