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von Pfeil DJF, Schulz K, Chou PY, Kapatkin AS, Kim SY, Ash K, Zheng J, Hayashi K. Outcomes of 11 dogs with short radius syndrome treated with acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening. Vet Surg 2024; 53:535-545. [PMID: 38396343 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the short-term outcome of acute arthroscopically assisted ulnar shortening (AUS), to treat short radius syndrome in dogs. STUDY DESIGN Case series. ANIMALS Eleven client owned dogs. METHODS Records of dogs that had undergone AUS for treatment of short radius syndrome were reviewed for inclusion. Reporting data included among others pre- and postoperative radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar distances, lameness scores, surgical times, complications and clinical outcome. RESULTS Following AUS, radiohumeral articulation was improved in all dogs. Median presurgery radioulnar, humeroradial and humeroulnar values were 4.5, 3.2, and 2.2 mm and were improved with surgery by a median of 3.2, 1.8, and 1.2 mm, respectively. Median surgery time was 140 min. Median time to bone healing was 8 weeks (range: 4-14). Median time to last follow-up was 9 weeks (4-468). Median lameness score (scale 0-4) improved from 2 to 1. No major complications were reported. Short-term clinical outcome was graded by the surgeons as full function in four cases and acceptable function in seven. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Radiographic and arthroscopic radiohumeral articulation were improved and short-term clinical improvement was documented following AUS in all 11 dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirsko J F von Pfeil
- Small Animal Surgery Locum PLLC, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Bessy's Kleintierklinik, Regensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Schulz
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Williston, Vermont, USA
| | - Po-Yen Chou
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amy S Kapatkin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristian Ash
- Ethos Veterinary Health, Williston, Vermont, USA
| | - Junxian Zheng
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Brandstetter V, Wunderlin N, Günther C. Detection of fragment migration into the biceps tendon sheath originating from a humeral osteochondrosis lesion - A case report and review of the literature. TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2023; 51:123-130. [PMID: 37230117 DOI: 10.1055/a-2055-9436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this report is to demonstrate that radiographic evaluation of the canine shoulder joint alone is not sensitive enough to detect migrated osteochondral fragments within the biceps tendon sheath, as a sequela to osteochondrosis dissecans of the caudal humeral head. A 6-months-old, male, 35 kg Hovawart was referred due to chronic intermittent lameness on the left forelimb. Survey radiographs revealed a semilunar radiolucency surrounded by a moderately sclerotic rim at the caudal aspect of the left humeral head, referred to as osteochondrosis dissecans. However, only computed tomography combined with ultrasonography could clearly confirm a dislodged osteochondral fragment within the left biceps tendon sheath and a consequent tenosynovitis. Arthroscopic treatment on the clinically affected left forelimb followed by an additional approach over the left biceps tendon sheath to remove the migrated fragment resulted in a complete remission of the lameness until the last follow-up one year after surgery. In our opinion, computed tomography should be applied in the medical work up of canine shoulder osteochondrosis (OC) as standard. Combined with ultrasonography, it can further aid in complete evaluation of the shoulder joint and reliable exclusion of displaced osteochondral fragments, which might also be missed during arthroscopy when located too far distally.
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Pechette Markley A. Management of Injuries in Agility Dogs. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:829-844. [PMID: 36964029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Agility is a physically demanding sport, and injuries are common. An understanding of the common clinical presentations, frequent injuries, and risk factors for injury is critical when seeing this population of patients in practice. Shoulder injuries and other soft tissue injuries including iliopsoas muscle strains are commonly seen. The Border Collie seems to be at higher risk of developing agility-related injuries. The key to rehabilitation of the agility dog is accurate and expedient diagnosis of the injury, which often involves advanced diagnostics such as musculoskeletal ultrasound, arthroscopy, and/or MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Pechette Markley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 601 Vernon L Tharp Street, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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Brown J. Orthopedic Imaging: A Practical Clinical Guide. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2022; 52:869-906. [PMID: 35715113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many imaging options are available to the practitioner both in-house and on a referral basis to help make a definitive diagnosis for orthopedic injuries. To guide treatment, a complete understanding of the nature and extent of the injury is ideal. While a thorough orthopedic physical examination is the first step, a complete diagnostic work-up will include at least one and often more than one imaging modality. The goal of this article is to discuss the imaging options for some of the more common orthopedic issues encountered in dogs to help guide the practitioner through the selection of which should be considered to accomplish a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brown
- Florida Veterinary Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 11016 North Dale Mabry Highway #202, Tampa, FL 33618, USA
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Entani MG, Franini A, Dragone L, Barella G, De Rensis F, Spattini G. Efficacy of Serial Ultrasonographic Examinations in Predicting Return to Play in Agility Dogs with Shoulder Lameness. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010078. [PMID: 35011184 PMCID: PMC8749782 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the use of shoulder ultrasound as a method of predicting the likelihood of returning to competition in agility dogs with shoulder teno-muscular injuries after a standardised rehabilitation protocol. Thirty-two agility dogs with a clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of shoulder teno-muscular injury were included in a prospective study with physical and ultrasound examinations at the time of diagnosis (T0) and at two (T2), four (T4) and six (T6) months; during this period, the dogs received rehabilitation treatments. The endpoint of the study was to obtain information regarding participation in agility competitions 12 months after diagnosis, based on telephone interviews with the owners. The clinical lameness score (CLS) and the ultrasound lesion score (ULS) were used as outcome measurements. The CLS indicated partial recovery from a shoulder injury at T2 (78%), while the ULS indicated no satisfactory recovery at T2 in any patient. At 4 months, the CLS alone was not a valuable predictor of full recovery from a shoulder injury in agility dogs. Relative Risk indicated that, at T2, ultrasound was 23.8 times more valuable in identifying a shoulder lesion as compared to clinical lameness score (CLS), and it was 2.53 times more valuable at T4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fabio De Rensis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Parma University, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giliola Spattini
- Clinica Veterinaria Castellarano, 42014 Castellarano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-339-403-5138
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Gander Soares D, Hughes J, Radke H. Partial rupture of the biceps tendon with concurrent septic arthritis of the shoulder joint in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gander Soares
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Jonathan Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Heidi Radke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine Queen's Veterinary School Hospital University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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von Pfeil DJF, Steinberg EJ, Dycus D. Arthroscopic tenotomy for treatment of biceps tendon luxation in two apprehension police dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:1157-1164. [PMID: 33226289 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2020.257.11.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 7.5-year-old 37.8-kg (83.2-lb) sexually intact male German Shepherd Dog (dog 1) and a 2.6-year-old 28.2-kg (62.0-lb) sexually intact male Dutch Shepherd (dog 2), both apprehension police dogs, were admitted for evaluation of left and right thoracic limb lameness, respectively. CLINICAL FINDINGS In both dogs, signs of pain were elicited on palpation of the shoulder joint in the affected limb, and a distinct popping of the biceps brachii tendon (BT) was palpable on the craniomedial aspect of the affected joint on flexion and extension and was associated with moderate signs of pain. Biceps brachii tendon luxation (BTL) was diagnosed with dynamic musculoskeletal ultrasonography (both dogs) and MRI (dog 1). TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Arthroscopic BT release by tenotomy was performed in both dogs. Lameness appeared to have resolved by 8 weeks after surgery and had not recurred by the last follow-up communications at 36 and 9 months after surgery for dogs 1 and 2, respectively. Both dogs successfully returned to their level of work performed before their injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our findings for the dogs of the present report suggested that arthroscopic BT release could be considered a viable treatment option for BTL in dogs, including police dogs or other high-performance athletic dogs. Although our findings provided encouraging results, further research, best conducted with a multicenter prospective randomized study, would be needed to establish the most reliable treatment of BTL in high-performance athletic or working dogs.
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von Pfeil DJF, Davis MS, Liska WD, George C, Secrest S. Orthopedic and ultrasonographic examination findings in 128 shoulders of 64 ultra-endurance Alaskan sled dogs. Vet Surg 2021; 50:794-806. [PMID: 33684250 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the location and periarticular shoulder-muscle-abnormalities detected via orthopedic examinations and ultrasonography in ultra-endurance Alaskan sled-dogs, returned from an ultra-endurance sled-dog-race prior to finishing it. STUDY DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Sixty-four dogs (128 shoulders). METHODS Dogs were classified based on clinical evidence of shoulder pain (SP versus control). Orthopedic examination findings, shoulder-abduction-angles (SAA; before- and during-anesthesia), and ultrasonographic findings were recorded. Relationships between orthopedic and ultrasonographic abnormalities were compared. RESULTS Pain was elicited on 55/128 shoulders; 73 shoulders were pain-free. The most common painful structures included the biceps-tendon (BT; 30%), triceps-muscle (28%), and infraspinatus-muscle (25%). SAA ranged between 25° and 75° among groups, including pain-free shoulders in dogs without lameness. SAA was greater when dogs were anesthetized (46.3° ± 14.0° vs. 47.8° ± 12.0°; p = .03), especially in SP (mean increase of 3.49° ± 8.85°) compared to control (0.03° ± 7.71°, p = .009). Overall, 103 ultrasonographic abnormalities were detected (SP: 44; control: 59). The most common ultrasonographic abnormality was fluid surrounding the biceps tendon, similarly distributed between groups (SP: 39/44; control: 57/59). Most chronic ultrasonographic abnormalities affected the BT (15/103 abnormalities). No associations were detected between ultrasonographic abnormalities and clinical findings. CONCLUSION Shoulder abduction varied greatly and reached up to 75° in normal joints. Ultrasonographic shoulder-muscle abnormalities were common but did not seem associated with clinical findings. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Interpretation of shoulder abduction warrants caution, and the presence of fluid around the BT may reflect a physiologic adaptation to racing, rather than a pathologic change in ultra-endurance Alaskan sled-dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirsko J F von Pfeil
- ACVS Founding Fellow, Minimally Invasive Surgery (Small Animal Orthopedics), Small Animal Surgery Locum, PLLC, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael S Davis
- Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | - Clinton George
- University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Secrest
- University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Pappa E, Tomlinson A, Ferreira A, Pettitt R, Mortier J. Ultrasonographic and CT arthrography findings in two dogs with biceps brachii tendon avulsion. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Pappa
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Andy Tomlinson
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Amy Ferreira
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Rob Pettitt
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
| | - Jeremy Mortier
- Small Animal Teaching HospitalUniversity of LiverpoolNestonUK
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Lassaigne CC, Boyer C, Sautier L, Taeymans O. Ultrasound of the normal canine supraspinatus tendon: comparison with gross anatomy and histology. Vet Rec 2019; 186:e14. [PMID: 31767697 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the ultrasonographic and histological features of the supraspinatus tendon (ST) and its peculiar appearance in contrast with the biceps brachii tendon. METHODS For this purpose, 19 non-lame dog cadavers were subjected to an ultrasonographic and histologic evaluation of both shoulders after postmortem examination. RESULTS Close to their insertion on the greater tubercle, all STs displayed a widened portion with a deep central hypoechoic area lacking a fibrillar pattern, when compared with its more proximal aspect and adjacent biceps brachii. Histologically this deep portion corresponded to poorly organised collagen bundles interspersed within a myxoid substance mainly composed of mucopolysaccharides. This central myxoid area with collagen disarray was responsible for the reduced echogenicity on ultrasound. CONCLUSION The focal widening of the ST insertion and its central mucopolysaccharidic composition could be an anatomical adaptation to marked forces specifically applied to this tendon. However, the ultrasound and histological appearances are very similar to those described in tendinosis, which represents a confounding factor in diagnosing tendonitis at the insertion of the supraspinatus. In the absence of other ultrasonographic criteria of tendinopathy, a hypoechoic central area in the ST near its insertion should be considered normal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlotte Boyer
- Biopôle, Unité d'Histologie, d'Embryologie et d'Anatomie pathologique, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Île-de-France, France
| | - Lucile Sautier
- Biopôle, Unité d'Histologie, d'Embryologie et d'Anatomie pathologique, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, Île-de-France, France
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Grassato L, Drudi D, Pinna S, Valentini S, Diana A, Spinella G. Shoulder Lameness in Dogs: Preliminary Investigation on Ultrasonography, Signalment and Hemato-Biochemical Findings Correlation. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:229. [PMID: 31338372 PMCID: PMC6629763 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forelimb lameness in medium and large breed dogs is frequently caused by traumatic or degenerative injuries of the shoulder. Patient history, physical examination, x-rays, blood, and chemical work are routinely used to achieve diagnosis, and may be associated with ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasonography is increasingly popular in small animal practice due to its low cost, ease of repetition, and the fact that it is non-invasive and can be performed in conscious patients. It is also widely accepted that muscular stress or injuries can induce detectable variations in blood and chemical work. The aim of this preliminary study is to search for correlation between measurements of selected hematobiochemical parameters and ultrasound diagnosis in dogs affected by shoulder injuries. A retrospective study was conducted on orthopedic clinical records of dogs presented to our Veterinary Teaching Hospital for lameness caused by shoulder problems over a period of 5 years. Dogs with both hematobiochemical and ultrasound examinations were selected. Patients were classified into 5 groups according to ultrasound diagnosis: (1) mild/moderate tendinopathy, (2) severe tendinopathy, (3) articular damage, (4) chronic myopathy, and (5) neoplastic injury. Statistical analysis was performed to detect possible correlations between group and hematobiochemical parameters. Forty-four dogs met the inclusion criteria and forty-nine shoulders were diagnosed as injured. Significant differences were found between the age, sex, body weight, neutrophil count, and AST levels. In particular, statistically significant increases were found for neutrophil count and AST concentration in case of ultrasonographically diagnosed severe tendinopathy, articular damage, and neoplastic pathology. Further and wider studies are suggested to determine whether these biomarkers can become a useful diagnostic aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Grassato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dario Drudi
- Clinica Veterinaria Nervianese, Nerviano, Italy
| | - Stefania Pinna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Valentini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spinella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Bellegard GM, Lopes ÉR, Bisetto SP, Hage MCF. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography of the elbow joint in dogs: applicability and evaluation protocol. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The elbow is a complex joint and has great clinical relevance in small animal medicine. Previous research in this area has been performed using radiographic and tomographic methods; however, there are limited studies on ultrasonography. The aims of this study was suggesting an evaluation protocol for elbow scan and describe the ultrasonographic anatomy of the elbow joint in dogs. Ten cross-breed dogs weighing 5-15kg underwent radiography and were selected for this ultrasonographic study. The protocol was established for the ultrasonographic description dividing the articular areas in the proximal, middle, and distal, lateral, cranial, medial, and caudal faces. The approach was performed in the longitudinal, transverse and oblique planes and the musculoskeletal structures were described according to the architecture, echogenicity and echotexture. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained for one animal for comparison. Ultrasonography was effective in visualizing and analyzing muscles, tendons and ligaments. Bone contours and regions that have clinical significance such as the medial coronoid process and anconeus process were identified, but with limited access. Prior knowledge of the normal sonographic anatomy of the elbow joint, as well as its technical advantages and limitations will allow further studies related to the identification of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Barella G, Lodi M, Faverzani S. Ultrasonographic findings of shoulder teno-muscular structures in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. J Ultrasound 2017; 21:145-152. [PMID: 29374395 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-017-0271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE B-mode sonographic evaluation of shoulder joint in dogs provides qualitative information concerning mainly tendon and muscles structures. Although the sonographic findings of tenomuscular lesions have been described previously, their frequency in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients has not been reported yet. Aim of the study was to describe and compare qualitative ultrasonographic findings of shoulder joint in clinically symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs and to speculate which lesions might be considered major responsible for lameness. METHODS Fifty-two dogs with shoulder lameness and 58 asymptomatic dogs (both with unremarkable radiographic findings) underwent ultrasonographic B-mode examination of the scapulohumeral joint. Lesions detected were recorded and statistically compared between groups. RESULTS Significant differences between groups were observed for the number of ultrasonographic abnormalities detected and for fluid accumulation, biceps brachii tendon (BT) lesions and bone surface irregularities. Sonography was considered useful for the determination of lesions absence and for the detection of BT lesions, fluid accumulation, muscle lacerations and bone surface irregularities. The odds for symptomatic dogs were greater than for asymptomatic patients to ultrasonographically diagnose BT lesions, fluid accumulation and bone surface irregularities. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound has proven to be a useful tool in the evaluation of tenomusculoskeletal structures of shoulder in dogs with unremarkable radiographic findings. Our results suggest that ultrasonography is useful in the diagnosis of tendon abnormalities, fluid accumulation, muscle lacerations and bone surface irregularities as potential contributors to shoulder lameness in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Barella
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital - Small Animal, State University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Lodi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital - Small Animal, State University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Faverzani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, State University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Leeman JJ, Shaw KK, Mison MB, Perry JA, Carr A, Shultz R. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy and therapeutic exercise for supraspinatus and biceps tendinopathies in 29 dogs. Vet Rec 2016; 179:385. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Leeman
- Department of Surgery; Seattle Veterinary Specialists; Kirkland Washington USA
| | - K. K. Shaw
- Department of Surgery; Animal Surgical Clinic of Seattle; Shoreline Washington USA
| | - M. B. Mison
- Department of Clinical Studies; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - J. A. Perry
- Department of Surgery; Seattle Veterinary Specialists; Kirkland Washington USA
| | - A. Carr
- Department of Surgery; Seattle Veterinary Specialists; Kirkland Washington USA
| | - R. Shultz
- Vision Pet Imaging; Seattle Washington USA
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Canapp SO, Canapp DA, Ibrahim V, Carr BJ, Cox C, Barrett JG. The Use of Adipose-Derived Progenitor Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combination for the Treatment of Supraspinatus Tendinopathy in 55 Dogs: A Retrospective Study. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:61. [PMID: 27668218 PMCID: PMC5016533 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report clinical findings and outcomes for 55 dogs with supraspinatus tendinopathy (ST) treated with adipose-derived progenitor cells and platelet-rich plasma (ADPC-PRP) therapy. METHODS Medical records of client-owned dogs diagnosed with ST that were treated with ADPC-PRP combination therapy were reviewed from 2006 to 2013. Data collected included signalment, medical history, limb involvement, prior treatments, physical and orthopedic examination, objective temporospatial gait analysis findings, diagnostic imaging results (radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, musculoskeletal ultrasonography), arthroscopy findings, and outcome. RESULTS Following ultrasound-guided injection of ADPC-PRP, objective gait analysis was available on 25 of the 55 dogs at 90 days post ADPC-PRP therapy. Following treatment, a significant increase in total pressure index percentage (TPI%) was noted in the injured (treated) forelimb at 90 days post treatment (p = 0.036). At 90 days following treatment, 88% of cases had no significant difference in TPI% of the injured limb to the contralateral limb. The remaining 12% of cases had significantly improved (p = 0.036). Bilateral shoulder diagnostic musculoskeletal ultrasound revealed a significant reduction in tendon size (CSA) in the treated tendon at 90 days following treatment when compared to the initial CSA (p = 0.005). All cases showed significant improvement in fiber pattern of the affected supraspinatus tendon by the ultrasound shoulder pathology rating scale. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These findings suggest that ADPC-PRP therapy should be considered for dogs with ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherman O Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine , Annapolis Junction, MD , USA
| | - Debra A Canapp
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine , Annapolis Junction, MD , USA
| | - Victor Ibrahim
- Regenerative Orthopedic and Sports Medicine , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Brittany Jean Carr
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine , Annapolis Junction, MD , USA
| | - Catherine Cox
- Veterinary Orthopedic and Sports Medicine , Annapolis Junction, MD , USA
| | - Jennifer G Barrett
- Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech , Leesburg, VA , USA
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Cook CR. Ultrasound Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2016; 46:355-71, v. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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De Rycke LM, Gielen IM, Dingemanse W, Kromhout K, van Bree H. Computed Tomographic and Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Arthrography: A Comparison of Techniques For Observing Intra-articular Structures of the Normal Canine Shoulder. Vet Surg 2015; 44:704-12. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieve M. De Rycke
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Ingrid M. Gielen
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Walter Dingemanse
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - Kaatje Kromhout
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals and Orthopaedics of Small Animals; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
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Wall CR, Cook CR, Cook JL. DIAGNOSTIC SENSITIVITY OF RADIOGRAPHY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY, AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR DETECTING SHOULDER OSTEOCHONDROSIS/OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS IN DOGS. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2014; 56:3-11. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Corey R. Wall
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia
| | - Cristi R. Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia
| | - James L. Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory and Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery; College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Missouri; Columbia
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19
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Barnes DM. Bilateral medial displacement of the biceps tendon of origin: repair using polypropylene mesh and staples. J Small Anim Pract 2013; 54:499-501. [PMID: 23614688 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A three-year-old male greyhound was presented with acute onset right forelimb lameness because of medial displacement of the biceps tendon of origin. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the diagnosis, and a concomitant partial tear of the medial glenohumeral ligament was detected during arthroscopy. To stabilise the biceps tendon, polypropylene mesh was fixed across the intertubercular groove to replace the torn transverse humeral retinaculum. Recovery was uneventful and lameness resolved. Fifteen months later, the dog was presented with medial displacement of the biceps tendon of origin of the left shoulder, and was treated successfully using the same technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Barnes
- Eastcott Veterinary Hospital, Edison Park, Dorcan Way, Swindon, SN3 3FR
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20
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Anaesthetic arthrography of the shoulder joint in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2013; 26:291-7. [PMID: 23613081 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-12-03-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of intra-articular anaesthesia combined with positive contrast arthrography (collectively called 'anaesthetic arthrography' [AA]) in the shoulder in order to identify and confirm the source of pain in lame dogs. METHODS Anaesthetic arthrography was performed in 30 dogs with shoulder joint lameness with a mixture of contrast medium (iohexol: 240 mg I/ml) and a local anaesthetic (mepivacaine 2%: 20 mg/ml). The effect of intra-articular anaesthesia was evaluated by an objectified visual scoring system and the arthrograms were evaluated for their diagnostic value. RESULTS This study showed that AA was positive in 28 out of 30 dogs. Dilution of the contrast medium with a local anaesthetic produced an arthrogram of good quality for each shoulder joint. In 16 out of 18 cases of osteochondritis dissecans, a cartilage flap could be identified following arthrography. In all cases the flap was not identified from plain radiographs. Biceps brachii tendon pathology was diagnosed on arthrography in seven dogs but was missed in two dogs. Calcification at the caudal rim of the glenoid cavity was diagnosed in three dogs, but was of clinical importance in only two dogs. In addition one infection was diagnosed during synovial aspiration. CONCLUSION Anaesthetic arthrography of the shoulder is a simple, safe, and reliable diagnostic test to confirm shoulder joint pain and simultaneously identify a lesion. This procedure may be of particular importance in cases of occult shoulder joint lameness when clinical findings and plain radiographs are inconclusive.
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Mistieri MLA, Wigger A, Canola JC, Filho JGP, Kramer M. Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Canine Supraspinatus Calcifying Tendinosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:405-10. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Supraspinatus calcifying tendinosis is an uncommon finding in dogs. Although its radiographic appearance has been described previously, radiographs alone do not provide detailed information about the tendon parenchyma. Tendon ultrasonography has been widely applied for the diagnosis of human tendinosis, but it remains underused in dogs. This article reviews the ultrasonographic technique and variable appearance of canine supraspinatus calcifying tendinosis observed in 33 tendons. The ultrasonographic findings are described. The most common ultrasonographic finding was a hyperechoic area accompanied by distal acoustic shadowing. No relationship with bicipital tenosynovitis was found. A color Doppler examination was possible in only five of the tendons, revealing no blood flow in those tendons. There was evidence that the presence of a hypoechoic area surrounding the calcification was related to clinical signs of pain, suggesting an active inflammatory process. Ultrasonography was an excellent technique to evaluate lesions of the supraspinatus tendon and it revealed details not apparent on radiographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ligia A. Mistieri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pampa Federal University, Uruguaiana, Brazil (M.M.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Ludwigstrasse, Germany (A.W., M.K.); and Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil (J.C., J.F.)
| | - Antje Wigger
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pampa Federal University, Uruguaiana, Brazil (M.M.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Ludwigstrasse, Germany (A.W., M.K.); and Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil (J.C., J.F.)
| | - Julio C. Canola
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pampa Federal University, Uruguaiana, Brazil (M.M.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Ludwigstrasse, Germany (A.W., M.K.); and Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil (J.C., J.F.)
| | - João G. P. Filho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pampa Federal University, Uruguaiana, Brazil (M.M.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Ludwigstrasse, Germany (A.W., M.K.); and Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil (J.C., J.F.)
| | - Martin Kramer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pampa Federal University, Uruguaiana, Brazil (M.M.); Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Ludwigstrasse, Germany (A.W., M.K.); and Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Brazil (J.C., J.F.)
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22
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Moores A. Muscle and tendon disorders in small animals 1. General management and conditions affecting the forelimb. IN PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.d8267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Caine A, Agthe P, Posch B, Herrtage M. Sonography of the soft tissue structures of the canine tarsus. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2009; 50:304-8. [PMID: 19507396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2009.01539.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no available anatomic descriptions of the soft tissue structures that are visible with ultrasound in the canine tarsus. Eight cadaver hindlimbs and 10 clinically normal dogs (15-37 kg) were examined with ultrasound to establish which structures could be visualized in normal dogs. The structures always identified included the long digital extensor tendon, the tibialis cranialis tendon, the joint space, and the three bellies of the extensor digitum brevis muscle on the cranial/dorsal aspect of the tarsus. The lateral digital extensor tendon and the peroneus longus tendon were identified as a single structure on the lateral aspect of the tarsus. The caudal/plantar approach allowed identification of the calcaneal tendon, the deep and superficial digital flexor tendons, the plantar ligament, and the lumbricales and interosseus muscles. The medial collateral ligament can be identified on the medial tarsus of larger dogs. This technique has proved useful in the diagnosis of soft tissue injuries of the canine tarsus, and clinical examples of tibialis cranialis tendinopathy, deep digital flexor tendinopathy, fibrosis surrounding the medial collateral ligament and extent of invasion of a tarsal hemangiosarcoma are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Caine
- Queen's Veterinary School Hospital, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
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24
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COOK JAMESL, COOK CRISTIR. Bilateral Shoulder and Elbow Arthroscopy in Dogs with Forelimb Lameness: Diagnostic Findings and Treatment Outcomes. Vet Surg 2009; 38:224-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2008.00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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AGNELLO KIMBERLYA, PUCHALSKI SARAHM, WISNER ERIKR, SCHULZ KURTS, KAPATKIN AMYS. EFFECT OF POSITIONING, SCAN PLANE, AND ARTHROGRAPHY ON VISIBILITY OF PERIARTICULAR CANINE SHOULDER SOFT TISSUE STRUCTURES ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2008; 49:529-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2008.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Kunkel KA, Rochat MC. A review of lameness attributable to the shoulder in the dog: part two. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2008; 44:163-70. [PMID: 18593853 DOI: 10.5326/0440163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The scapulohumeral joint is a common site of forelimb lameness in the dog. Establishing a definitive diagnosis may be difficult because of the limitations of orthopedic examination and radiographs and the inherent elusiveness of the associated conditions. The intent of this review is to present, in a single reference, the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of reported causes of lameness intrinsically associated with the shoulder. Part One of this series discusses conditions associated with cartilage and bone maturation disorders and joint instability, while Part Two reviews tendon diseases, muscle disorders, synovial diseases, and soft-tissue mineralization disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Kunkel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078-2041, USA
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27
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the normal anatomy of the soft tissue stabilizing components of the canine shoulder identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate specific acquisition sequences and planes for observing structures of diagnostic interest. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive study. ANIMAL Canine cadavers (n=3). METHODS T1-weighted, proton density fat saturation (PD), and T2(*)-weighted gradient echo (GE) MRI sequences were obtained in the sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes of the left shoulder of 3 canine cadavers. After imaging, each shoulder was embedded and thin sectioned. The corresponding right shoulder was frozen and thick sectioned. The anatomic structures on the histologic and frozen thick sections were visually correlated with the MR images. RESULTS The sagittal plane provided a longitudinal view of the bicep, infraspinatus, and supraspinatus tendons. The biceps, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis tendons, and the medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments were identified in the transverse and dorsal planes. The dorsal plane allowed for the bicep tendon to be evaluated transversely as it passed over the humeral head. The GE sequence was more useful in identifying tendons and ligaments. The PD sequence was more helpful in identifying fluid accumulations in the joint and around tendons. CONCLUSIONS The tendinous and ligamentous structures that stabilize the canine shoulder joint can be readily identified with MRI. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MRI has the potential to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of canine soft tissue shoulder injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Schaefer
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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28
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Vandevelde B, Van Ryssen B, Saunders JH, Kramer M, Van Bree H. COMPARISON OF THE ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS LESIONS IN THE CANINE SHOULDER WITH RADIOGRAPHY, ARTHROGRAPHY, AND ARTHROSCOPY. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006; 47:174-84. [PMID: 16553151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2006.00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis lesions in 29 shoulder joints (from 20 dogs) were evaluated with ultrasound (US) and the results were compared with survey radiography, arthrography, and arthroscopy. US was performed with a 7-12 MHz linear matrix transducer which was placed in cranio-caudal direction just distally to the acromion while the joint was adducted and maximally endorotated to visualize the caudal aspect of the humeral head. With US, the subchondral defect was completely visible in 21 joints and partially visible in 8 joints. The length of the subchondral defect measured on US was comparable with the length measured on survey radiographs. In two joints, the cartilage flap was mineralized and thus already visible on survey radiographs. The mineralized flap was visible on US as a straight hyperechoic line above the subchondral defect. In the other joints, survey radiographs could not assess the status of the articular cartilage. In 17 joints, the presence of a cartilage flap or cartilage fissuring was suspected based on the presence of a second hyperechoic line at the base of the subchondral defect, and this suspicion was confirmed by arthroscopic examination in 16 joints and also by arthrographic examination in 15 joints. One joint that was suspected of having a cartilage flap on US was normal on arthroscopy and arthrography. When US revealed only focal thickening of the anechoic cartilage layer (5 joints), the joints appeared normal on arthroscopic and arthrographic examination. Of the four joints where the subchondral defect was irregular and covered by heteroechogeneous material on US, arthroseopy revealed the presence of a lesion resembling chondromalacia in two joints, the presence of a small cartilage flap in one joint and the presence of scar tissue underneath the flap at the level of the subchondral defect in one joint. In conclusion, US is a helpful imaging modality in the identification of osteochondritic lesions in the canine shoulder joint. US also appears to be a satisfactory imaging tool for identifying lesions such as joint mice, joint effusion, and distinct new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vandevelde
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Abstract
Rupture of the biceps brachii tendon sheath was diagnosed in two dogs which were presented with chronic thoracic limb lameness. In each case, diagnosis was achieved by positive contrast arthrography, which revealed obvious leakage of contrast agent from the distal portion of the tendon sheath. Arthroscopy was performed in each affected shoulder joint and no other significant lesions were found. In one dog, concomitant bicipital tendinopathy was confirmed by histopathology. Both dogs were treated by bicipital tendon transposition, and tenodesis and both showed improvement in the degree of lameness following surgery. Tearing of the biceps brachii tendon sheath has not been reported previously but should be included in the differential diagnosis for shoulder lameness in the adult dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Innes
- Small Animal Division, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 0EX
| | - G Brown
- Small Animal Division, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 0EX
- Grove Veterinary Group, Holt Road, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 7LG
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Fahie MA. Healing, Diagnosis, Repair, and Rehabilitation of Tendon Conditions. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2005; 35:1195-211, vii. [PMID: 16129139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Management of tendon conditions can be frustrating due to difficulty with diagnosis, choice of treatment or repair technique, prolonged tissue healing, and potential for permanent compromise of limb function after surgery. This article reviews tendon healing and reported tendon conditions, focusing on bicipital tenosynovitis and common calcaneal tendon injuries. Surgical management options, research in enhancement of tendon healing, and postoperative rehabilitation are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Fahie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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31
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Coudry V, Allen AK, Denoix JM. Congenital abnormalities of the bicipital apparatus in four mature horses. Equine Vet J 2005; 37:272-5. [PMID: 15892240 DOI: 10.2746/0425164054530588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Coudry
- CIRALE, Unité Clinique Equine, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Goustranville, 14430 Dozulé, France
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Scharf G, Steinbüchl S, Messmer M, Ohlerth S. Glenoid dysplasia and bicipital tenosynovitis in a Maine coon cat. J Small Anim Pract 2004; 45:515-20. [PMID: 15515802 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2004.tb00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a rare case of bicipital tenosynovitis in a Maine coon cat. The cat, a three-and-half-year-old neutered female, presented with chronic weightbearing lameness of the left forelimb. Flexion of the left glenohumeral joint and extension of the left cubital joint were resented, and palpation of the biceps brachii tendon in the bicipital groove elicited pain. A mild incongruity of the joint with mild degenerative changes was seen radiographically. Glenohumeral joint dysplasia was suspected. Ultrasound examination revealed marked thickening of the bicipital tendon and moderate effusion of the left bicipital tendon sheath. Positive contrast radiography of the joint confirmed dilation of the tendon sheath. A tentative diagnosis of bicipital tenosynovitis was made and confirmed on arthrotomy. Surgical removal of osteophytes resulted in the cat being free from pain but a mild lameness recurred six months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Scharf
- Section of Diagnostic Imaging and Radio-Oncology, Department of Small Animal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Brisson BA, Bersenas A, Etue SM. Ultrasonographic diagnosis of septic arthritis secondary to porcupine quill migration in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 224:1467-70, 1453-4. [PMID: 15124888 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A 7-year-old castrated male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated for lethargy, icterus, and sepsis. Porcupine quills had been removed from the dog's face 1 month prior to examination; progressive right forelimb lameness had developed soon after removal of the quills. Septic arthritis of the right elbow joint was diagnosed and was unresponsive to antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatments. At the time of referral, the dog had developed endocarditis, septicemia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Via ultrasonography, a foreign body consistent with a porcupine quill was detected in the medial portion of the right humeroradial joint. The dog did not respond to initial supportive treatment and died as a result of cardiac arrest. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of a quill in the medial compartment of the right elbow joint and severe acute endocarditis with septic emboli to the kidneys and spleen. Ultrasonographic examination should be considered as a diagnostic tool when septic arthritis secondary to a foreign body is suspected in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte A Brisson
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
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