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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Alsenani F. Unraveling potential neuroprotective mechanisms of herbal medicine for Alzheimer's diseases through comprehensive molecular docking analyses. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103998. [PMID: 38681227 PMCID: PMC11053229 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to be a worldwide health concern, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of herbal compounds by scrutinizing their interactions with Beta-Secretase-1 (BACE1). Through comprehensive molecular docking analyses, three compounds, Masticadienonic acid (ΔG: -9.6 kcal/mol), Hederagenin (ΔG: -9.3 kcal/mol), and Anthocyanins (ΔG: -8.1 kcal/mol), emerge as promising BACE1 ligands, displaying low binding energies and strong affinities. ADME parameter predictions, drug-likeness assessments, and toxicity analyses reveal favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for these compounds. Notably, Masticadienonic Acid exhibits optimal drug-likeness (-3.3736) and negligible toxicity concerns. Hederagenin (drug-likeness: -5.3272) and Anthocyanins (drug-likeness: -6.2041) also demonstrate promising safety profiles. Furthermore, pharmacophore modeling elucidates the compounds' unique interaction landscapes within BACE1's active site. Masticadienonic acid showcases seven hydrophobic interactions and a hydrogen bond acceptor interaction with Thr232. Hederagenin exhibits a specific hydrogen bond acceptor interaction with Trp76, emphasizing its selective binding. Anthocyanins reveal a multifaceted engagement, combining hydrophobic contacts and hydrogen bond interactions with key residues. In conclusion, Masticadienonic acid, Hederagenin, and Anthocyanins stand out as promising candidates for further experimental validation, presenting a synergistic balance of efficacy and safety in combating AD through BACE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Nasri H, Ghotbeddin Z, Rahimi K, Tabandeh MR. The effects of MEPaL on oxidative stress and motor function in the rats affected by prenatal hypoxia. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3539. [PMID: 38849974 PMCID: PMC11161390 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Maternal hypoxia disrupts neural development and subsequently leads to cerebral palsy and epilepsy in newborns. Hypoxia plays a role in neurodegeneration by increasing oxidative stress. Pistacia atlantica is known as an important antioxidant, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have been shown in various studies. This study aims to investigate the effects of methanolic extract of P. atlantica leaves (MEPaLs) on the oxidative parameters in the serum of rats affected by maternal hypoxia. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, eight pregnant rats were used. The newborns were divided into four groups, including the control and the hypoxia groups, which are affected by maternal hypoxia, hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg, and hypoxia + MEPaL 150 mg/kg. MEPaL was injected (i.p) for 21 days into the neonatal rats after the lactation period. Hypoxia was induced by keeping pregnant rats in a hypoxic chamber with 7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen intensity for 3 h on the 20th day of pregnancy. Behavioral changes were measured using open-field and rotarod tests. Finally, biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), GSSG, TAS, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the experimental groups. RESULTS Behavioral results showed that the anxiety behavior in the hypoxia group increased, but the motor activity (moved distance and movement speed) decreased. Moreover, the amount of time spent maintaining balance on the rotarod rod was significantly decreased in the hypoxia group. The concentration of NO in the group of hypoxia + MEPaL 100 mg/kg showed a significant decrease, and MEPaL 100, and 150 mg/kg + hypoxia also increased the concentration of GSH and decreased GSSG. In addition, MEPaL100 and 150 mg/kg caused a significant increase in the ratio of GSH to GSSG and decreased OSI and total oxidant capacity. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress increased in the rats affected by maternal hypoxia and may be the main mechanism for motor activity impairment and balance disturbance, whereas MELaL improved motor performance by decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Nasri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research CenterShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Kaveh Rahimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
- Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research CenterShahid Chamran University of AhvazAhvazIran
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Yang C, Zhao Y, Jiang S, Sun X, Wang X, Wang Z, Wu Y, Wu J, Li Y. A breakthrough in phytochemical profiling: ultra-sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy platform for detecting bioactive components in medicinal and edible plants. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:286. [PMID: 38652378 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A perennial challenge in harnessing the rich biological activity of medicinal and edible plants is the accurate identification and sensitive detection of their active compounds. In this study, an innovative, ultra-sensitive detection platform for plant chemical profiling is created using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology. The platform uses silver nanoparticles as the enhancing substrate, excess sodium borohydride prevents substrate oxidation, and methanol enables the tested molecules to be better adsorbed onto the silver nanoparticles. Subsequently, nanoparticle aggregation to form stable "hot spots" is induced by Ca2+, and the Raman signal of the target molecule is strongly enhanced. At the same time, deuterated methanol was used as the internal standard for quantitative determination. The method has excellent reproducibility, RSD ≤ 1.79%, and the enhancement factor of this method for the detection of active ingredients in the medicinal plant Coptis chinensis was 1.24 × 109, with detection limits as low as 3 fM. The platform successfully compared the alkaloid distribution in different parts of Coptis chinensis: root > leaf > stem, and the difference in content between different batches of Coptis chinensis decoction was successfully evaluated. The analytical technology adopted by the platform can speed up the determination of Coptis chinensis and reduce the cost of analysis, not only making better use of these valuable resources but also promoting development and innovation in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study provides a new method for the development, evaluation, and comprehensive utilization of both medicinal and edible plants. It is expected that this method will be extended to the modern rapid detection of other medicinal and edible plants and will provide technical support for the vigorous development of the medicinal and edible plants industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medical (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Science, Nantong University, No. 9, Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
- Research Center for Innovative Technology of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China.
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Gravandi MM, Hosseini SZ, Alavi SD, Noori T, Sureda A, Amirian R, Farzaei MH, Shirooie S. The Protective Effects of Pistacia Atlantica Gum in a Rat Model of Aluminum Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease via Affecting BDNF and NF-kB. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2024; 23:e142203. [PMID: 39005733 PMCID: PMC11246649 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-142203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, including deficits in memory and other cognitive functions. Oxidative stress and free radical damage play significant roles in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Pistacia atlantica gum (administered at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for 14 days) in a rat model of AD induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3). Behavioral changes were assessed using open field, passive avoidance, and elevated plus maze tests. Additionally, nitrite levels, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and immunostaining were evaluated. Administration of P. atlantica gum significantly increased step-through latency in the passive avoidance test (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), enhanced mobility in the open field test (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001), and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze (P < 0.001) compared to the AlCl3 group. Treatment with the gum partially normalized the elevated levels of NF-κB and the decreased levels of BDNF caused by AlCl3 exposure. Our findings suggest that P. atlantica gum administration may alleviate oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in AD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyede Zahra Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyede Darya Alavi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Noori
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX) and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Palma de Mallorca E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Chaves N, Nogales L, Montero-Fernández I, Blanco-Salas J, Alías JC. Mediterranean Shrub Species as a Source of Biomolecules against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:8133. [PMID: 38138621 PMCID: PMC10745362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with oxidative stress, due to an imbalance in the oxidation-reduction reactions at the cellular level. Various treatments are available to treat these diseases, although they often do not cure them and have many adverse effects. Therefore, it is necessary to find complementary and/or alternative drugs that replace current treatments with fewer side effects. It has been demonstrated that natural products derived from plants, specifically phenolic compounds, have a great capacity to suppress oxidative stress and neutralize free radicals thus, they may be used as alternative alternative pharmacological treatments for pathological conditions associated with an increase in oxidative stress. The plant species that dominate the Mediterranean ecosystems are characterized by having a wide variety of phenolic compound content. Therefore, these species might be important sources of neuroprotective biomolecules. To evaluate this potential, 24 typical plant species of the Mediterranean ecosystems were selected, identifying the most important compounds present in them. This set of plant species provides a total of 403 different compounds. Of these compounds, 35.7% are phenolic acids and 55.6% are flavonoids. The most relevant of these compounds are gallic, vanillic, caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and ferulic acids, apigenin, kaempferol, myricitrin, quercetin, isoquercetin, quercetrin, rutin, catechin and epicatechin, which are widely distributed among the analyzed plant species (in over 10 species) and which have been involved in the literature in the prevention of different neurodegenerative pathologies. It is also important to mention that three of these plant species, Pistacea lentiscus, Lavandula stoechas and Thymus vulgaris, have most of the described compounds with protective properties against neurodegenerative diseases. The present work shows that the plant species that dominate the studied geographic area can provide an important source of phenolic compounds for the pharmacological and biotechnological industry to prepare extracts or isolated compounds for therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Chaves
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universidad de Extremadura, 06080 Badajoz, Spain; (L.N.); (I.M.-F.); (J.B.-S.); (J.C.A.)
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Peron G, Moafpoorian R, Faggian M, Realdon N, Zengin G, Zarshenas MM, Dall'Acqua S. Linking traditional medicine to modern phytotherapy: Chemical characterization and assessment of antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects in vitro of a natural Persian remedy for dementia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115674. [PMID: 37634357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Several natural remedies are used in the Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) to prevent dementia, but their efficacy is debated. In this work, an improved "Safoof-e-Nesyān" formulation described in the "Qarābādin-e-Azam" pharmacopoeia was developed, and its chemical composition and antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase properties were assessed. The formulation contains a mixture (FM) of Cinnamomum cassia (CC), C. verum (CV), Pistacia lentiscus (PL), Rheum palmatum (RP), Syzygium aromaticum (SA), and Zingiber officinalis (ZO) powdered plants. Its total phenolic content is 110.45 mg GAE/g, while the total flavonoid content is 6.28 mg RE/g. 66 secondary metabolites (mainly tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, and gingerols) were identified by UPLC-QToF-MS analysis. FM exerts antioxidant effects by scavenging radicals, and by reducing and chelating metals such as Mb, Cu and Fe. The anticholinesterase activity of one gram of the FM equals that of 3.60 mg of the reference drug galantamine, on both acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase. Correlations between specific compounds and bioactivities were highlighted by multivariate analysis of data: lyoniresinol 9'-glucoside strongly correlates with antiradical activities on DPPH and ABTS and reducing activity on Cu, and with anti-AChE effects. Most of the identified flavonoids and the ellagic acid derivatives positively correlate with the reducing activity on Fe and Mb, and with anti-BChE effects. Finally, a tablet formulation of the FM was developed, and its physical properties were preliminarily assessed. Overall, our results indicate that the FM may be a useful natural remedy for dementia, although further safety and efficacy assessments in vivo are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Peron
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Reza Moafpoorian
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Faggian
- Unired Srl, Via Niccolò Tommaseo 69, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Nicola Realdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Yazdian-Robati R, Tarhriz V, Ranjbaran H, Karimi N, Abasi M. Efficient Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Mastic Gum. Biopreserv Biobank 2023; 21:38-45. [PMID: 35446125 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2021.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Promoting neurogenesis is a promising strategy to treat neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of mastic gum resin from the Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia (Anacardiaceae family) in proliferation capacity and differentiation of embryonic mesenchymal stem cells into a neural lineage. Methods: For this purpose, mastic gum was applied as a neural inducer for stem cell differentiation into the neuronal lineage. Following treatment of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with mastic gum, verification differentiation of the ESCs into the neuronal lineage, gene expression analysis, and immunocytochemistry staining approach were performed. Results: Gene expression analysis demonstrated that mastic gum increased the expression level of neuron markers in the ESCs-derived neuron-like cells. Moreover, our immunocytochemistry staining results of two important neural stem cell markers, including Nestin and microtubule-associated protein-2 (Map2) expression confirmed that mastic gum has the potential to promote neuronal differentiation in ESCs. Conclusion: In summary, the use of mastic gum to stimulate the differentiation of ESCs into a neural lineage can be considered as a good candidate in stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ranjbaran
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Narges Karimi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Abasi
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Borges JMP, de Jesus LB, Dos Santos Souza C, da Silva VDA, Costa SL, de Fátima Dias Costa M, El-Bachá RS. Astrocyte Reaction to Catechol-Induced Cytotoxicity Relies on the Contact with Microglia Before Isolation. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:973-994. [PMID: 35708826 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes preserve the brain microenvironment homeostasis in order to protect other brain cells, mainly neurons, against damages. Glial cells have specific functions that are important in the context of neuronal survival in different models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Microglia are among these cells, secreting several molecules that can modulate astrocyte functions. Although 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol) is a neurotoxic monoaromatic compound of exogenous origin, several endogenous molecules also present the catechol group. This study compared two methods to obtain astrocyte-enriched cultures from newborn Wistar rats of both sexes. In the first technique (P1), microglial cells began to be removed early 48 h after primary mixed glial cultures were plated. In the second one (P2), microglial cells were late removed 7 to 10 days after plating. Both cultures were exposed to catechol for 72 h. Catechol was more cytotoxic to P1 cultures than to P2, decreasing cellularity and changing the cell morphology. Microglial-conditioned medium (MCM) protected P1 cultures and inhibited the catechol autoxidation. P2 cultures, as well as P1 in the presence of 20% MCM, presented long, dense, and fibrillary processes positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, which retracted the cytoplasm when exposed to catechol. The Ngf and Il1beta transcription increased in P1, meanwhile astrocytes expressed more Il10 in P2. Catechol decreased Bdnf and Il10 in P2 cultures, and it decreased the expression of Il1beta in both conditions. A prolonged contact with microglia before isolation of astrocyte-enriched cultures modifies astrocyte functions and morphology, protecting these cells against catechol-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Maria Pereira Borges
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil. .,Department of Science and Technology, Southwest Bahia State University (UESB), 45.208-409, Jequie, BA, Brazil.
| | - Lívia Bacelar de Jesus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Cleide Dos Santos Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Silvia Lima Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Dias Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil
| | - Ramon Santos El-Bachá
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40.110-902, Salvador, Bahia (BA), Brazil.
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Amir Rawa MS, Mazlan MKN, Ahmad R, Nogawa T, Wahab HA. Roles of Syzygium in Anti-Cholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant: From Alzheimer's Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1476. [PMID: 35684249 PMCID: PMC9183156 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It is triggered by multifaceted burdens such as cholinergic toxicity, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Syzygium plants are ethnomedicinally used in treating inflammation, diabetes, as well as memory impairment. They are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, which can be multi-target neuroprotective agents against AD. This review attempts to review the pharmacological importance of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotection, focusing on anti-cholinesterase, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Articles published in bibliographic databases within recent years relevant to neuroprotection were reviewed. About 10 species were examined for their anti-cholinesterase capacity. Most studies were conducted in the form of extracts rather than compounds. Syzygium aromaticum (particularly its essential oil and eugenol component) represents the most studied species owing to its economic significance in food and therapy. The molecular mechanisms of Syzygium species in neuroprotection include the inhibition of AChE to correct cholinergic transmission, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, RIS production, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, the restoration of brain ions homeostasis, the inhibition of microglial invasion, the modulation of ß-cell insulin release, the enhancement of lipid accumulation, glucose uptake, and adiponectin secretion via the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional efforts are warranted to explore less studied species, including the Australian and Western Syzygium species. The effectiveness of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotective responses is markedly established, but further compound isolation, in silico, and clinical studies are demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Syahfriena Amir Rawa
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Khairul Nizam Mazlan
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosliza Ahmad
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Toshihiko Nogawa
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
- Molecular Structure Characterization Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Technology Platform Division, 2-1 Hirosawa, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- Collaborative Laboratory of Herbal Standardization (CHEST), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11900, Malaysia; (M.S.A.R.); (M.K.N.M.); (R.A.)
- USM-RIKEN Interdisciplinary Collaboration for Advanced Sciences (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia;
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11
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Rauf A, S. Al-Awthan Y, Muhammad N, Mukarram Shah M, Mitra S, Bin Emran T, Bahattab O, S. Mubarak M. Pharmacological Investigation of Genus Pistacia. NATURAL MEDICINAL PLANTS 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.97322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Several plants in the genus Pistacia are used in the treatment of various pathogenic and non-pathogenic disorders. Especially important are the major species belonging to this genus such as Pistacia lentiscus, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus, and Pistacia khinjuk, among others; these have been reported for their potential benefits both in medical and commercial purposes. In addition, members of this genus exhibit numerous ethnomedicinal uses, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertension, antihyperlipidemic, antiviral, and antiasthma. In light of these potential uses, the present chapter aimed to collect and summarize the literature about all of this medicinal information. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on the pharmacological uses and benefits of the genus Pistacia, especially those related to health issues.
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12
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Bioactive Compounds and Their Derivatives: An Insight into Prospective Phytotherapeutic Approach against Alzheimer’s Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5100904. [PMID: 35450410 PMCID: PMC9017558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes cellular response alterations, such as impaired cholinergic mechanism, amyloid-beta (Aβ) AD aggregation, neuroinflammation, and several other pathways. AD is still the most prevalent form of dementia and affects many individuals across the globe. The exact cause of the disorder is obscure. There are yet no effective medications for halting, preventing, or curing AD's progress. Plenty of natural products are isolated from several sources and analyzed in preclinical and clinical settings for neuroprotective effects in preventing and treating AD. In addition, natural products and their derivatives have been promising in treating and preventing AD. Natural bioactive compounds play an active modulatory role in the pathological molecular mechanisms of AD development. This review focuses on natural products from plant sources and their derivatives that have demonstrated neuroprotective activities and maybe promising to treat and prevent AD. In addition, this article summarizes the literature pertaining to natural products as agents in the treatment of AD. Rapid metabolism, nonspecific targeting, low solubility, lack of BBB permeability, and limited bioavailability are shortcomings of most bioactive molecules in treating AD. We can use nanotechnology and nanocarriers based on different types of approaches.
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Zhang M, Hu G, Shao N, Qin Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhou P, Cai B. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as a target for Alzheimer's disease: flavonoids and phenols. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1317-1329. [PMID: 34350508 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid plaques and tangles that have become the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Previous studies have found that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) expression was increased during the development of AD neurons. TXNIP separates from the TXNIP-thioredoxin complex, and the TXNIP-NLRP3 complex assembles ASC and pro-caspase-1 to form the NLRP3 inflammasome, which triggers AD inflammation and apoptosis. CB-dock was used to explore whether 21 natural flavonoids and phenols target TXNIP based on references. Docking results showed that rutin, puerarin, baicalin, luteolin and quercetin are the most potent TXNIP inhibitors, and among them, rutin as the most effective flavonoid. And rosmarinic acid is the most potent TXNIP inhibitor of phenols. These phytochemicals could be helpful to find the lead compounds in designing and developing novel agents for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Nan Shao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yunpeng Qin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
| | - Biao Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Research Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China. .,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, Anhui, 230012, China.
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14
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Neurocosmetics in Skincare—The Fascinating World of Skin–Brain Connection: A Review to Explore Ingredients, Commercial Products for Skin Aging, and Cosmetic Regulation. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The “modern” cosmetology industry is focusing on research devoted to discovering novel neurocosmetic functional ingredients that could improve the interactions between the skin and the nervous system. Many cosmetic companies have started to formulate neurocosmetic products that exhibit their activity on the cutaneous nervous system by affecting the skin’s neuromediators through different mechanisms of action. This review aims to clarify the definition of neurocosmetics, and to describe the features of some functional ingredients and products available on the market, with a look at the regulatory aspect. The attention is devoted to neurocosmetic ingredients for combating skin stress, explaining the stress pathways, which are also correlated with skin aging. “Neuro-relaxing” anti-aging ingredients derived from plant extracts and neurocosmetic strategies to combat inflammatory responses related to skin stress are presented. Afterwards, the molecular basis of sensitive skin and the suitable neurocosmetic ingredients to improve this problem are discussed. With the aim of presenting the major application of Botox-like ingredients as the first neurocosmetics on the market, skin aging is also introduced, and its theory is presented. To confirm the efficacy of the cosmetic products on the market, the concept of cosmetic claims is discussed.
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15
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Chen X, Drew J, Berney W, Lei W. Neuroprotective Natural Products for Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:1309. [PMID: 34070275 PMCID: PMC8225186 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the number one neurovegetative disease, but its treatment options are relatively few and ineffective. In efforts to discover new strategies for AD therapy, natural products have aroused interest in the research community and in the pharmaceutical industry for their neuroprotective activity, targeting different pathological mechanisms associated with AD. A wide variety of natural products from different origins have been evaluated preclinically and clinically for their neuroprotective mechanisms in preventing and attenuating the multifactorial pathologies of AD. This review mainly focuses on the possible neuroprotective mechanisms from natural products that may be beneficial in AD treatment and the natural product mixtures or extracts from different sources that have demonstrated neuroprotective activity in preclinical and/or clinical studies. It is believed that natural product mixtures or extracts containing multiple bioactive compounds that can work additively or synergistically to exhibit multiple neuroprotective mechanisms might be an effective approach in AD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Joshua Drew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wren Berney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Presbyterian College, Clinton, SC 29325, USA
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16
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Qureshi MA, Husain GM, Urooj M, Khan MA, Husain M, Kazmi MH. Preclinical safety, anxiolytic and antidepressant activity of Sufoof Jawahar Mohra: A Unani formulation. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Detti C, dos Santos Nascimento LB, Brunetti C, Ferrini F, Gori A. Optimization of a Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Different Polyphenols from Pistacia lentiscus L. Leaves Using a Response Surface Methodology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1482. [PMID: 33153159 PMCID: PMC7692629 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pistacia lentiscus leaves are used in several applications, thanks to their polyphenolic abundance. Thiswork aimed to characterize the polyphenols and to optimize the extraction conditions to shorten the time, decrease the consumption of solvent, and to maximize the yield of different classes of phenolics, which have diverse industrial applications. The variables were optimized by applying a Box-Behnken design. Galloyl and myricetin derivatives were the most abundant compounds, and two new tetragalloyl derivatives were identified by LC-MS/MS. According to the models, the maximum yields of polyphenols (51.3 ± 1.8 mg g-1 DW) and tannins (40.2 ± 1.4 mg g-1 DW) were obtained using 0.12 L g-1 of 40% ethanol at 50 °C. The highest content of flavonoids (10.2 ± 0.8 mg g-1 DW) was obtained using 0.13 L g-1 of 50% ethanol at 50 °C, while 0.1 L g-1 of 30% ethanol at 30 °C resulted in higher amounts of myricitrin (2.6 ± 0.19 mg g-1 DW). Our optimized extraction decreased the ethanolic fraction by 25% and halved the time compared to other methods. These conditions can be applied differently to obtain P. lentiscus extracts richer in tannins or flavonoids, which might be employed for various purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Detti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (C.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Luana Beatriz dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (C.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (C.B.); (F.F.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (C.B.); (F.F.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Gori
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (C.D.); (C.B.); (F.F.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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18
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Amaral de Brito AP, Galvão de Melo IMDS, El-Bachá RS, Guedes RCA. Valeriana officinalis Counteracts Rotenone Effects on Spreading Depression in the Rat Brain in vivo and Protects Against Rotenone Cytotoxicity Toward Rat Glioma C6 Cells in vitro. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:759. [PMID: 32792901 PMCID: PMC7390944 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes can protect neurons against oxidative stress and excitability-dependent disorders, such as epilepsy. Valeriana officinalis has been used as anticonvulsant and can exert an antioxidant effect, which may underlie its opposing action against the toxic effects of the pesticide rotenone. We investigated the V. officinalis/rotenone interaction in the cortical spreading depression (CSD), a phenomenon that depends upon brain excitability (in vivo model). In addition, we analyzed the protective action of V. officinalis against the cytotoxic effects of rotenone in cultures of rat C6 glioma cells (in vitro model). For the CSD study, Wistar rats received either V. officinalis (250 mg/kg/day via gavage for 15 days; n = 8) or 10 mg/kg/day rotenone via subcutaneous injections for 7 days (n = 7), or they received both substances (n = 5). Two control groups received either saline (vehicle for V. officinalis; n = 8) or 1% Tween-80 aqueous solution (vehicle for rotenone; n = 9). After treatment, CSD was recorded for 4 h. The rotenone- and V. officinalis-treated groups presented, respectively, with lower (2.96 ± 0.14 mm/min), and higher CSD propagation velocity (3.81 ± 0.10 mm/min) when compared with the controls (Tween-80, 3.37 ± 0.06 mm/min and saline, 3.35 ± 0.08 mm/min; p < 0.05). The rotenone plus V. officinalis-treated group displayed a CSD velocity (3.38 ± 0.07 mm/min) that was similar to controls. In line with these results, in vitro experiments on rat glioma C6 cells revealed a protective effect (MTT assay) of V. officinalis against rotenone-induced cytotoxicity. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of V. officinalis for treating neurological diseases involving redox imbalance and astrocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon Santos El-Bachá
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Federico L, Filippo M, Bruno T. The essential oil of Lactuca longidentata Moris and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:5452-5458. [PMID: 32573264 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1781111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactuca longidentata Moris (Asteraceae) is an endemic species growing only on Mesozoic limestone of central Sardinia. In the present study, the essential oil of the epigeal part of the plant was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main volatile components were α-terpineol (27.64%) and limonene (25.8%). The essential oils showed a noteworthy ability of scavenging free radical species (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test systems) with a mean half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 of 32.24 μg/mL. More significant was the inhibition of lipid oxidation that corresponded to an activity 1.5 times lower than that of 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (BHT). The essential oil was also assayed on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by the microdilution broth method and was particularly active against B. subtilis, with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 100 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Federico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maggi Filippo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Tirillini Bruno
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
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20
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Sen A. Prophylactic and therapeutic roles of oleanolic acid and its derivatives in several diseases. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:1767-1792. [PMID: 32518769 PMCID: PMC7262697 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i10.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) and its derivatives are widely found in diverse plants and are naturally effective pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds with broad prophylactic and therapeutic roles in various diseases such as ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, metabolic disorders, diabetes, hepatitis and different cancers. This review assembles and presents the latest in vivo reports on the impacts of OA and OA derivatives from various plant sources and the biological mechanisms of OA activities. Thus, this review presents sufficient data proposing that OA and its derivatives are potential alternative and complementary therapies for the treatment and management of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaattin Sen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri 38080, Turkey
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21
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Tabanca N, Nalbantsoy A, Kendra PE, Demirci F, Demirci B. Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity of the Mastic Gum Essential Oils of Pistacia lentiscus Var. Chia from Turkey. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092136. [PMID: 32370246 PMCID: PMC7248992 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils (EOs) were isolated by hydrodistillation from wild and cultivated Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia-mastic gum tree (Anacardiaceae) from two natural habitats, namely from Cesme-Uzunkoy (1) and Mordogan (2), and one cultivated source, Cesme-Germiyan (3), in Izmir, Turkey. This comparative study evaluated the chemical composition and biological activity of mastic gum essential oils (MGEOs). For this purpose, MGEOs 1-3 were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chiral GC for α-pinene. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess for potential in vitro cytotoxicity (multiple in vitro cancer cell lines), antimicrobial properties (five bacterial species and yeast), anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), and the attraction of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly), respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that MGEOs 1 and 2 were rich in α-pinene (56.2% and 51.9%), myrcene (20.1% and 18.6%), and β-pinene (2.7% and 3.1%), respectively; whereas MGEO-3 was characterized by a high level of α-pinene (70.8%), followed by β-pinene (5.7%) and myrcene (2.5%). Chiral GC analyses showed that concentration ratios between (-)/(+)-α-pinene and (-)-α-pinene/myrcene allowed for differentiation between wild and cultivated MGEO sources. In biological assays, MGEOs 1-3 did not exhibit significant antimicrobial effects against the pathogens evaluated and were not strong attractants of male medflies; however, all three MGEOs displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS, and MGEOs 1 and 2 exhibited selective in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. These results suggest that wild-type mastic gum oils from Cesme and Mordogan (MGEOs 1 and 2) are potential sources of beneficial products and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhayat Tabanca
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), Miami, FL 33158, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (A.N.); Tel.: +1-(786)-5737077 (N.T.); +90-(232)-3115807 (A.N.)
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Correspondence: (N.T.); (A.N.); Tel.: +1-(786)-5737077 (N.T.); +90-(232)-3115807 (A.N.)
| | - Paul E. Kendra
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station (SHRS), Miami, FL 33158, USA;
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey; (F.D.); (B.D.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta 99628, Cyprus
| | - Betul Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey; (F.D.); (B.D.)
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Natural anti-aging skincare: role and potential. Biogerontology 2020; 21:293-310. [PMID: 32162126 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The deterioration of the skin morphology and physiology is the first and earliest obvious harbinger of the aging process which is progressively manifested with increasing age. Such deterioration affects the vital functions of the skin such as homeodynamic regulation of body temperature, fluid balance, loss of electrolytes and proteins, production of vitamin D, waste removal, immune surveillance, sensory perception, and protection of other organs against deleterious environmental factors. There are, however, harmful chemicals and toxins found in everyday cosmetics that consumers are now aware of. Thus, the natural beauty industry is on the rise with innovative technology and high-performance ingredients as more consumers demand healthier options. Therefore, the aims of this review are to give some critical insights to the effects of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors on excessive or premature skin aging and to elaborate on the relevance of natural beauty and natural anti-aging skincare approaches that will help consumers, scientists and entrepreneurs make the switch. Our recent investigations have shown the potential and relevance of identifying more resources from our rich natural heritage from various plant sources such as leaves, fruits, pomace, seeds, flowers, twigs and so on which can be explored for natural anti-aging skincare product formulations. These trending narratives have started to gain traction among researchers and consumers owing to the sustainability concern and impact of synthetic ingredients on human health and the environment. The natural anti-aging ingredients, which basically follow hormetic pathways, are potentially useful as moisturizing agents; barrier repair agents; antioxidants, vitamins, hydroxy acids, skin lightening agents, anti-inflammatory ingredients, and sunblock ingredients.
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Gori A, Nascimento LB, Ferrini F, Centritto M, Brunetti C. Seasonal and Diurnal Variation in Leaf Phenolics of Three Medicinal Mediterranean Wild Species: What Is the Best Harvesting Moment to Obtain the Richest and the Most Antioxidant Extracts? Molecules 2020; 25:E956. [PMID: 32093396 PMCID: PMC7071013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediterranean plants biosynthesize high amounts of polyphenols, which are important health-promoting compounds. Leaf polyphenolic composition changes according to environmental conditions. Therefore, it is crucial to know the temporal variation in their production. This study aimed to: i) evaluate the monthly and daily changes in polyphenols of Phyllirea latifolia, Cistus incanus, and Pistacia lentiscus to identify their best harvesting moment, ii) verify the possible correlations between phenolic production and temperature and irradiation, iii) evaluate their antioxidant capacity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical (OH)scavenging assays. The extracts of leaves harvested at 8:00, 13:00 and 18:00, in May, July, and October for two years were analysed by HPLC-DAD. Both "month" and "time of the day" affected the polyphenolic content in all species. July at 13:00 was the best harvesting moment for all polyphenolic classes of P. latifolia and only for some classes of C. incanus and P. lentiscus. Environmental parameters positively correlated with the polyphenols of C. incanus and P. latifolia, while the antioxidant capacity only varied in this last species, reaching the highest value in July. Results of the study allow to determine the balsamic time for each species. Moreover, the relationship between polyphenols and environmental data can be useful for the cultivation of these plants under controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gori
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Luana Beatriz Nascimento
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
| | - Mauro Centritto
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- University of Florence, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forest (DAGRI), Section Woody Plants, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; (A.G.); (L.B.N.); (F.F.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy;
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