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Colado JC, Gene-Morales J, Jiménez-Martínez P, Saez-Berlanga A, Ferri-Caruana AM, Garcia-Ramos A, Flandez J, Babiloni-Lopez C. Concurrent validation of the resistance intensity scale for exercise for monitoring velocity-based training with elastic bands. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28298. [PMID: 38560159 PMCID: PMC10981072 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the concurrent validity and reliability of the Resistance Intensity Scale for Exercise [RISE], which uses verbal descriptors, to quantify the intensity in velocity-based training with elastic bands. Eighteen trained volunteers performed parallel squats at maximum speed at 40%, 55%, 70%, and 85%1RM in four sessions, two for familiarization and two for reliability. Each set was stopped at a 10% intra-set velocity loss. Participants reported the perceived effort (easy-low-moderate-hard-maximal) at the first and last repetition. The concurrent validation was conducted with external load (i.e., mean propulsive velocity, weight, repetitions, and maximum power) and internal load parameters (i.e., heart rate). Participants' relative strength was calculated to assess its influence on the dependent variable. Acceptable concurrent validity and reliability (ICC>0.77, CV<21%) were observed, with the perceived effort being appropriate to differentiate between intensities and not being influenced by the participants' relative strength (p = 0.88). A categorical linear regression showed significant (p < 0.001) associations between the RISE scores and the weight, repetitions, and mean propulsive velocity (r = 0.43-0.63). The findings certify the usefulness of the perceived exertion for quantifying the intensity during velocity-based training with elastic bands. The perceived exertion of the first and last repetition favors a proper dosage of the training load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- ICEN Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Saez-Berlanga
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana María Ferri-Caruana
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amador Garcia-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge Flandez
- Institute of Education Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Ciudad de Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Babiloni-Lopez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Romagnoli R, Piacentini MF. Does Fatigue Affect the Perception of Velocity Accuracy During Resistance Training? J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00423. [PMID: 38595194 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Romagnoli, R and Piacentini, MF. Does fatigue affect the perception of velocity accuracy during resistance training? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to investigate whether perception of barbell velocity (PV) is affected by fatigue induced by 2 different training protocols. Twenty-two subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: 10% velocity loss group (VL10) and repetitions to failure group (EX). Both protocols included 5 sets at 75% 1 repetition maximum but differed in the number of repetitions performed (Reps). Perception of barbell velocity was assessed in the back squat exercise during a test with 3 blinded loads (heavy, medium, light) 1 day rested (REST) and 1 day immediately following 1 of the 2 designated training protocols (POST). The accuracy of the PV was analyzed by calculating the delta score (ds), that is, the difference between perceived velocity (Vp) and real velocity of the barbell (Vr). During training, each group performed significantly different Reps per set (VL10: 3.9 ± 1.4; EX: 13.8 ± 6.3, p < 0.001) and consequently reported different levels of perceived exertion and repetitions in reserve (p < 0.001). Real velocity and ds did not change between REST and POST-VL10 conditions at all loads. Although a significant decrease in Vr was found at light and medium loads (p < 0.05) between REST and POST in the EX-Group, no significant differences were detected in the ds. These results demonstrate that Vp is a stable parameter on which practitioners can base their training despite different levels of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Romagnoli
- Department of Human Movement and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; and
- Italian Weightlifting Federation "FIPE", Rome, Italy
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Ramos AG. Resistance Training Intensity Prescription Methods Based on Lifting Velocity Monitoring. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:257-266. [PMID: 37607576 DOI: 10.1055/a-2158-3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training intensity is commonly quantified as the load lifted relative to an individual's maximal dynamic strength. This approach, known as percent-based training, necessitates evaluating the one-repetition maximum (1RM) for the core exercises incorporated in a resistance training program. However, a major limitation of rigid percent-based training lies in the demanding nature of directly testing the 1RM from technical, physical, and psychological perspectives. A potential solution that has gained popularity in the last two decades to facilitate the implementation of percent-based training involves the estimation of the 1RM by recording the lifting velocity against submaximal loads. This review examines the three main methods for prescribing relative loads (%1RM) based on lifting velocity monitoring: (i) velocity zones, (ii) generalized load-velocity relationships, and (iii) individualized load-velocity relationships. The article concludes by discussing a number of factors that should be considered for simplifying the testing procedures while maintaining the accuracy of individualized L-V relationships to predict the 1RM and establish the resultant individualized %1RM-velocity relationship: (i) exercise selection, (ii) type of velocity variable, (iii) regression model, (iv) number of loads, (v) location of experimental points on the load-velocity relationship, (vi) minimal velocity threshold, (vii) provision of velocity feedback, and (viii) velocity monitoring device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amador García Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
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Gutiérrez-Flores D, Alcaraz PE, Cormier P, Martínez-Serrano A, Freitas TT. Do Activities Performed within the Intra-Contrast Rest Interval Affect Neuromuscular Performance during Complex-Contrast Training Protocols? J Hum Kinet 2024; 91:33-46. [PMID: 38689590 PMCID: PMC11057618 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/184168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effects of including different exercises within the intra-contrast rest interval (ICRI) of a complex-contrast training (CCT) session. Seventeen recreationally active males completed three different CCT protocols. Programs consisted of a contrast pair combining a moderate-intensity conditioning activity (i.e., a back squat) with a lower-body high-velocity exercise (i.e., a vertical jump) and only differed in the activities performed during the ICRI: 1) passive recovery (CCTPASS); 2) a mobility exercise (CCTMOB); and 3) an upper-body high-intensity strength exercise (i.e., a bench press) (CCTSTR). Countermovement jump and bench press throw metrics were evaluated at baseline and after each set during the workout. The rate of perceived exertion was recorded post-session. Non-significant differences in performance were found between CCTPASS, CCTMOB and CCTSTR throughout the session. Significant declines (p < 0.05) were observed for CMJ peak power in the last 2-3 repetitions of each set, irrespective of the protocol. CCTSTR was perceived as more intense than CCTPASS and CCTMOB (p < 0.05). From a neuromuscular performance perspective, including activities during the ICRI (mobility drills or high-intensity strength exercises) may be a suitable strategy to optimize CCT prescription since the acute responses were similar to those found with passive rest periods. Finally, prescribing a lower number of repetitions per set is recommended to attenuate mechanical performance impairment during CCT protocols, irrespective of the activities completed within the ICRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutiérrez-Flores
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- SCS—Strength & Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - Patrick Cormier
- Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, BC, Canada
- Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Antonio Martínez-Serrano
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- SCS—Strength & Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomás T. Freitas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- SCS—Strength & Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
- NAR—Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
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LeMense AT, Malone GT, Kinderman MA, Fedewa MV, Winchester LJ. Validity of Using the Load-Velocity Relationship to Estimate 1 Repetition Maximum in the Back Squat Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:612-619. [PMID: 38416447 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT LeMense, AT, Malone, GT, Kinderman, MA, Fedewa, MV, and Winchester, LJ. Validity of using the load-velocity relationship to estimate 1 repetition maximum in the back squat exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(3): 612-619, 2024-The one repetition maximum (1RM) test is commonly used to assess muscular strength. However, 1RM testing can be time consuming, physically taxing, and may be difficult to perform in athletics team settings with practice and competition schedules. Alternatively, 1RM can be estimated from bar or movement velocity at submaximal loads using the minimum velocity threshold (MVT) method based on the load-velocity relationship. Despite its potential utility, this method's validity has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the validity of estimated 1RM from bar velocity in the back squat exercise. A systematic search of 3 electronic databases was conducted using combinations of the following keywords: "velocity-based training," "load-velocity profiling," "mean velocity," "mean propulsive velocity," "peak velocity," "maximal strength," "1RM," "estimation," "prediction," "back squat," and "regression." The search identified 372 unique articles, with 4 studies included in the final analysis. Significance was defined as a p level less than 0.05. A total of 27 effects from 71 subjects between the ages of 17-25 years were analyzed; 85.2% of effects were obtained from male subjects. Measured 1RMs ranged from 86.5 to 153.1 kg, whereas estimated 1RMs ranged from 88.6 to 171.6 kg. Using a 3-level random effects model, 1RM back squat was overestimated when derived from bar velocity using the MVT method (effect sizes [ES] = 0.5304, 95% CI: 0.1878-0.8730, p = 0.0038). The MVT method is not a viable option for estimating 1RM in the free weight back squat. Strength and conditioning professionals should exercise caution when estimating 1RM from the load-velocity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T LeMense
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
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Franco-López F, Pérez-Caballero C, Buendía-Romero Á, Borrego ER, Martínez-Cava A, Pallarés JG, Hernández-Belmonte A. Load-velocity Relationship of the Bench Press Exercise is not Affected by Breast Cancer Surgery and Adjuvant Therapy. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:110-115. [PMID: 37956877 DOI: 10.1055/a-2184-9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of breast cancer surgery and adjuvant therapy on the relationship between bar velocity and relative intensity (load-velocity [L-V] relationship) of the bench press (BP) exercise. Twenty-two breast cancer survivors (age: 48.0±8.2 yr., relative strength: 0.40±0.08) completed a loading test up to the one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the BP using a lightweight carbon bar. General and individual relationships between relative intensity (%1RM) and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) were studied. Furthermore, the mean test velocity (MPVTest) and velocity attained to the 1RM (MPV1RM) were analyzed. These procedures and analyses were also conducted in 22 healthy women (age: 47.8±7.1 yr., relative strength: 0.41±0.09) to examine the differences in velocity parameters derived from these L-V relationships. Polynomial regressions showed very close relationships (R2≥0.965) and reduced estimation errors (≤4.9% 1RM) for both groups. Between-group differences in MPV attained to each %1RM were small (≤0.01 m·s-1) and not significant (p≥0.685). Similarly, the MPVTest (0.59±0.06 m·s-1) and MPV1RM (0.17±0.03 m·s-1) were identical for breast cancer survivors and healthy women. These results suggest that practitioners could use the same velocity parameters derived from the BP L-V relationship to prescribe this exercise in middle-aged women, regardless of whether they have suffered from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Franco-López
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Ángel Buendía-Romero
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eduardo R Borrego
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Cava
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jesús G Pallarés
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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7
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Izadi M, Pillitteri G, Thomas E, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Bellafiore M. Sex differences in the determination of prescribed load in ballistic bench press. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1293044. [PMID: 38282756 PMCID: PMC10811050 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1293044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The objectives of the present study were twofold: first, to identify the specific relative load at which the concentric motion transforms into a purely propulsive action among women, and second, to compare the load-velocity relationships between men and women during the bench press throw. Methods: Fourteen men and fourteen women participated in a test where they progressively increased the load until reaching their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the bench press exercise. Linear regression models were employed to elucidate the relationships between load and velocity, as well as load and the propulsive phase (% of total concentric time). Additionally, ANCOVA was utilized to compare the linear regression models between men and women. Results: The results revealed strong and linear associations between load and mean propulsive velocity (MPV) for both men and women, as well as between load and the propulsive phase. Notably, there were significant differences in MPV and the propulsive phase concerning load between men and women. Women transitioned into a fully propulsive concentric phase at approximately 80% of their 1RM, while men achieved this entirely propulsive phase at around 85% of their 1RM. Furthermore, women exhibited reduced velocities when handling lighter relative loads compared to men. Conversely, women demonstrated higher velocities when dealing with loads exceeding 85% of their 1RM in contrast to their male counterparts. Discussion: These findings hold notable implications for prescribing bench press throw loads for women, which should differ from those recommended for men. Further studies are necessary to validate the efficacy of the proposed load recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Izadi
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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8
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Martínez-Rubio C, Baena-Raya A, Díez-Fernández DM, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, Pareja-Blanco F. Examining Unilateral and Bilateral Exercises through the Load-velocity Relationship. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:41-47. [PMID: 37557918 DOI: 10.1055/a-2151-0661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the load-velocity (L-V) relationship in the bench-press (BP) and leg-press (LP) exercises performed unilaterally, and compared this unilateral L-V relationship with the bilateral variants. Nineteen men (age=23.5±2.1 years) completed two incremental tests in BP and LP, performed bilaterally and unilaterally, across two sessions with a 48-hour rest period. We found a close relationship between medium propulsive velocity (MPV) and %1RM in unilateral BP (R2 =0.97, SEE=0.06 m·s-1) and LP (R2=0.96, SEE=0.06 m·s-1). No significant differences were observed between the preferred and non-preferred sides in the L-V relationship for either exercise. Additionally, higher velocities were achieved in unilateral exercises compared to bilateral exercises, particularly with light and moderate loads (30-70%1RM) in BP (p<0.05) and with light loads (30-45%1RM) in LP (p<0.05). Close L-V relationships were observed in unilateral exercises, without differences in the L-V relationships between preferred and non-preferred sides despite the interlimb asymmetries in the absolute strength values. Interestingly, lower velocities were observed at light loads (~30-45% 1RM) for bilateral compared to unilateral exercises, which could be explained by different strength deficits for these exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Rubio
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
- CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS1024), Almería, Spain
| | - Andrés Baena-Raya
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
- CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS1024), Almería, Spain
| | - David M Díez-Fernández
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
- CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS1024), Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Antonio Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almeria, Almería, Spain
- CERNEP Research Center, SPORT Research Group (CTS1024), Almería, Spain
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Department of Sports and Computers Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain
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Janićijević D, Miras-Moreno S, Morenas-Aguilar MD, Moraga-Maureira E, Weakley J, García-Ramos A. Optimizing mechanical performance in the bench press: The combined influence of inter-set rest periods and proximity to failure. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:2193-2200. [PMID: 38369845 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2317644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the influence of inter-set rest periods of 1 (R1), 3 (R3) and 5 (R5) minutes on the number of repetitions completed before exceeding the minimum velocity thresholds of 0.45 m⋅s-1 (MVT0.45) and 0.35 m⋅s-1 (MVT0.35) during the bench press exercise. Twenty-three physically active individuals, 15 men and eight women, randomly completed six testing sessions consisting of four sets of the bench press exercise performed with maximal intent against 75% of the one-repetition maximum. Testing sessions differed in the length of inter-set rest periods (R1, R3, and R5) and MVT applied (MVT0.45 and MVT0.35). The number of repetitions was lower using shorter inter-set rest periods (R1 < R3 < R5), but R3 was more similar to R1 and R5 using MVT0.45 and MVT0.35, respectively. The fastest velocity of the set was reduced with the increment in the number of sets for the three protocols using MVT0.35 (greater reduction for shorter rest periods), but it was only reduced for R1 when using MVT0.45. The results suggest that, to maintain bench press mechanical performance, 5-min inter-set rest periods are necessary when sets are terminated close to failure (MVT0.35), while 3 min may suffice when sets are terminated farther from failure (MVT0.45).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Janićijević
- Research Academy of Human Biomechanics, The affiliated hospital of medical school of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Sergio Miras-Moreno
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Enzo Moraga-Maureira
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonathon Weakley
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Catolica de la Santísima Concepcion, Concepción, Chile
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Nieto-Acevedo R, Romero-Moraleda B, Montalvo-Pérez A, García-Sánchez C, Marquina-Nieto M, Mon-López D. Sex Differences in the Load-Velocity Profiles of Three Different Row Exercises. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:220. [PMID: 37999437 PMCID: PMC10675667 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the force-velocity profile differences between men and women in three variations of row exercises. Twenty-eight participants (14 men and 14 women) underwent maximum dynamic strength assessments in the free prone bench row (PBR), bent-over barbell row (BBOR), and Smith machine bent-over row (SMBOR) in a randomized order. Subjects performed a progressive loading test from 30 to 100% of 1-RM (repetition maximum), and the mean propulsive velocity was measured in all attempts. Linear regression analyses were conducted to establish the relationships between the different measures of bar velocity and % 1-RM. The ANOVAs applied to the mean velocity achieved in each % 1-RM tested revealed significantly higher velocity values for loads < 65% 1-RM in SMBOR compared to BBOR (p < 0.05) and higher velocities for loads < 90% 1-RM in SMBOR compared to PBR (p < 0.05) for both sexes. Furthermore, men provided significantly higher velocity values than women (PBR 55-100% 1-RM; BBOR and SMBOR < 85% 1-RM; p < 0.05) and significant differences were found between exercises and sex for 30-40% 1-RM. These results confirm that men have higher velocities at different relative loads (i.e., % 1-RM) compared to women during upper-body rowing exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Nieto-Acevedo
- Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.N.-A.); (C.G.-S.); (M.M.-N.); (D.M.-L.)
| | - Blanca Romero-Moraleda
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Applied Biomechanics and Sports Technology Research Group, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.N.-A.); (C.G.-S.); (M.M.-N.); (D.M.-L.)
| | - Moisés Marquina-Nieto
- Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.N.-A.); (C.G.-S.); (M.M.-N.); (D.M.-L.)
| | - Daniel Mon-López
- Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.N.-A.); (C.G.-S.); (M.M.-N.); (D.M.-L.)
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11
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Liao K, Bian C, Chen Z, Yuan Z, Bishop C, Han M, Li Y, Zheng Y. Repetition velocity as a measure of loading intensity in the free weight and Smith machine Bulgarian split squat. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15863. [PMID: 37601249 PMCID: PMC10437032 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the grouped and individualized load-velocity profile (GLVP vs. ILVP) in Bulgarian split squat using Smith machine and free weight. Seventy five recreational male lifters completed two incremental loading tests of Bulgarian split squat. Mean velocity was measured by a linear-position transducer (GymAware). Linear regression equation was applied to construct the GLVP and ILVP. The agreement of predicted %1RM and measured %1RM was assessed by a combination of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), standard error of measurement (SEM) and Bland-Altman analysis. Acceptable validity was defined as ICC > 0.75, CV ≤ 10% and p ≥ 0.05 (a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test). A very high level of inverse load-velocity relationships were demonstrated in Bulgarian split squat (r = - 0.92) with free weights and a Smith machine. ILVP (ICC ≥ 0.98, CV ≤ 8.73%, p ≥ 0.56) was valid enough to predict the %1RM, but GLVP of both limbs revealed large CVs in free weights (CV: 15.4%,15.63%) and a Smith machine (CV: 11.24%, 12.25%). Cross-validation between the actual %1RM and predicted %1RM using free weights and a Smith machine ILVP was not acceptable (p ≤ 0.03, CV ≥ 14.07%). A very high level of inverse relationship were observed between %1RM and MV in Bulgarian split squat using free weights and a Smith machine, indicating individualized load velocity properties, and the ILVP showed high between-devices variability in both scenarios. Using velocity as a measure of loading intensity in Bulgarian split squat needs to consider the individualized load velocity properties, and difference between free weights and a Smith machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifang Liao
- School of Sports Health, Guangdong Vocational Institute of Sport, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhili Chen
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihang Yuan
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chris Bishop
- School of Science and Technology, London Sport Institute, Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mengyuan Han
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Physical Education Institute, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Nieto-Acevedo R, Romero-Moraleda B, Díaz-Lara FJ, Rubia ADL, González-García J, Mon-López D. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Differences in Mean Propulsive Velocity between Men and Women in Different Exercises. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:118. [PMID: 37368568 DOI: 10.3390/sports11060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the differences in the mean propulsive velocities between men and women in the different exercises studied (squat, bench press, inclined bench press and military press). Quality Assessment and Validity Tool for Correlational Studies was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Six studies of good and excellent methodological quality were included. Our meta-analysis compared men and women at the three most significant loads of the force-velocity profile (30, 70 and 90% of 1RM). A total of six studies were included in the systematic review, with a total sample of 249 participants (136 men and 113 women). The results of the main meta-analysis indicated that the mean propulsive velocity is lower in women than men in 30% of 1RM (ES = 1.30 ± 0.30; CI: 0.99-1.60; p < 0.001) and 70% of 1RM (ES = 0.92 ± 0.29; CI: 0.63, 1.21; p < 0.001). In contrast, for the 90% of the 1RM (ES = 0.27 ± 0.27; CI: 0.00, 0.55), we did not find significant differences (p = 0.05). Our results support the notion that prescription of the training load through the same velocity could cause women to receive different stimuli than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Nieto-Acevedo
- Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Romero-Moraleda
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Díaz-Lara
- Performance and Sport Rehabilitation Laboratory, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III S/N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Alfonso de la Rubia
- Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime González-García
- Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo, Spain
| | - Daniel Mon-López
- Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Martín Fierro, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Nieto-Acevedo R, Romero-Moraleda B, Montalvo-Pérez A, Valdés-Álvarez A, García-Sánchez C, Mon-López D. Should We Use the Men Load-Velocity Profile for Women in Deadlift and Hip Thrust? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4888. [PMID: 36981796 PMCID: PMC10048953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Injuries are common in team sports and can impact both team and individual performance. In particular, hamstring strain injuries are some of the most common injuries. Furthermore, hamstring injury ratios, in number of injuries and total absence days, have doubled in the last 21 seasons in professional soccer. Weakness in hip extensor strength has been identified as a risk factor in elite-level sprinters. In addition, strength imbalances of the hamstring muscle group seem to be a common cause of hamstring strain injuries. In this regard, velocity-based training has been proposed to analyze deficits in the force-velocity profile. Previous studies have shown differences between men and women, since there are biomechanical and neuromuscular differences in the lower limbs between sexes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the load-velocity profile between males and females during two of the most important hip extension exercises: the hip thrust and the deadlift. Sixteen men and sixteen women were measured in an incremental loading test following standard procedures for the hip thrust and deadlift exercises. Pearson's correlation (r) was used to measure the strength of the correlation between movement velocity and load (%1RM). The differences in the load-velocity relationship between the men and the women were assessed using a 2 (sex) × 15 (load) repeated-measures ANOVA. The main findings revealed that: (I) the load-velocity relationship was always strong and linear in both exercises (R2 range: 0.88-0.94), (II) men showed higher velocities for light loads (30-50%1RM; effect size: 0.9-0.96) than women for the deadlift, but no significant differences were found for the hip thrust. Based on the results of this study, the load-velocity equations seem to be sex-specific. Therefore, we suggest that using sex-specific equations to analyze deficits in the force-velocity profile would be more effective to control intensity in the deadlift exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Nieto-Acevedo
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C. de Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Romero-Moraleda
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Valdés-Álvarez
- LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Sánchez
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C. de Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Mon-López
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C. de Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Mochizuki Y, Saito M, Homma H, Inoguchi T, Naito T, Sakamaki-Sunaga M, Kikuchi N. Does resistance exercise lifting velocity change with different rest intervals? J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:402-408. [PMID: 35912892 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we examined the sex difference of the effect of rest intervals on lifting velocity during resistance exercise. METHODS Twenty-two trained subjects (11 men and 11 women) were included. Each protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of 1- repetition maximum (1RM) with rest intervals of 90 s (R90), 150 s (R150), and 240 s (R240) in a crossover design. The exercise did parallel squats with free weights. The measurement items are lifting velocity (mean velocity) in each repetition and blood lactate concentration after exercise. RESULTS There was a significant interaction between changes in the average velocity of 10 repetition in each set (AV<inf>10rep</inf>) and sex in each protocol, indicating that AV<inf>10rep</inf> during squat exercise has decreased in men but not in women in each protocol (P=0.002-0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that short rest intervals will not recover lifting velocity between short rest intervals until the next set at men, while women will be able to recover even with short rest intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Saito
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Homma
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takamichi Inoguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuto Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan -
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Marques DL, Neiva HP, Marinho DA, Pires IM, Nunes C, Marques MC. Estimating the relative load from movement velocity in the seated chest press exercise in older adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285386. [PMID: 37141287 PMCID: PMC10159201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to i) determine the load-velocity relationship in the seated chest press in older adults, ii) compare the magnitude of the relationship between peak and mean velocity with the relative load, and iii) analyze the differences between sexes in movement velocity for each relative load in the chest press. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two older adults (17 women and 15 men; 79.6±7.7 years) performed a chest press progressive loading test up to the one-repetition maximum (1RM). The fastest peak and mean velocity reached with each weight were analyzed. Quadratic equations were developed for both sexes and the effectiveness of the regression model was analyzed through a residual analysis. The equations were cross-validated, considering the holdout method. The independent samples t-test analyzed i) the differences in the magnitude of the relationship between peak and mean velocity with the relative load and ii) the differences between sexes in the peak and mean velocity for each relative load. RESULTS It was possible to observe very strong quadratic load-velocity relationships in the seated chest press in women (peak velocity: r2 = 0.97, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 4.5% 1RM; mean velocity: r2 = 0.96, SEE = 5.3% 1RM) and men (peak velocity: r2 = 0.98, SEE = 3.8% 1RM; mean velocity: r2 = 0.98, SEE = 3.8% 1RM) without differences (p>0.05) in the magnitude of the relationship between peak and mean velocity with the relative load. Furthermore, there was no overfitting in the regression models due to the high and positive correlation coefficients (r = 0.98-0.99). Finally, men presented higher (p<0.001) lifting velocities than women in almost all relative loads, except for 95-100% 1RM (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Measuring repetition velocity during the seated chest press is an objective approach to estimating the relative load in older adults. Furthermore, given the velocity differences between older women and men at submaximal loads, it is recommended to use sex-specific equations to estimate and prescribe the relative loads in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Luís Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Henrique Pereira Neiva
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida Marinho
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ivan Miguel Pires
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Célia Nunes
- Department of Mathematics, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Centre of Mathematics and Applications, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mário Cardoso Marques
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Covilhã, Portugal
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16
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Evaluation of load-velocity relationships in the inclined leg press exercise: A comparison between genders. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rissanen J, Walker S, Pareja-Blanco F, Häkkinen K. Velocity-based resistance training: do women need greater velocity loss to maximize adaptations? Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1269-1280. [PMID: 35258681 PMCID: PMC9012837 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Men and women typically display different neuromuscular characteristics, force–velocity relationships, and differing strength deficit (upper vs. lower body). Thus, it is not clear how previous recommendations for training with velocity-loss resistance training based on data in men will apply to women. This study examined the inter-sex differences in neuromuscular adaptations using 20% and 40% velocity-loss protocols in back squat and bench press exercises. Methods The present study employed an 8-week intervention (2 × week) comparing 20% vs. 40% velocity-loss resistance training in the back squat and bench press exercises in young men and women (~ 26 years). Maximum strength (1-RM) and submaximal-load mean propulsive velocity (MPV) for low- and high-velocity lifts in squat and bench press, countermovement jump and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area were measured at pre-, mid-, and post-training. Surface EMG of quadriceps measured muscle activity during performance tests. Results All groups increased 1-RM strength in squat and bench press exercises, as well as MPV using submaximal loads and countermovement jump height (P < 0.05). No statistically significant between-group differences were observed, but higher magnitudes following 40% velocity loss in 1-RM (g = 0.60) and in low- (g = 1.42) and high-velocity (g = 0.98) lifts occurred in women. Training-induced improvements were accompanied by increases in surface EMG amplitude and vastus lateralis cross-sectional area. Conclusion Similar increases in strength and power performance were observed in men and women over 8 weeks of velocity-based resistance training. However, some results suggest that strength and power gains favor using 40% rather than 20% velocity loss in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rissanen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - F Pareja-Blanco
- Department of Sports and Computer Sciences, Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - K Häkkinen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Room VIV225, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Maté-Muñoz JL, Garnacho-Castaño MV, Hernández-Lougedo J, Maicas-Pérez L, Notario-Alonso R, Da Silva-Grigoletto ME, García-Fernández P, Heredia-Elvar JR. Analysis of the Use and Applicability of Different Variables for the Prescription of Relative Intensity in Bench Press Exercise. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020336. [PMID: 35205202 PMCID: PMC8869395 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this research is to analyze the different variables that influence the prescription of resistance training (one-repetition maximum (1RM) and number of maximal repetitions (xRM)) through the velocity of execution, with the aim of approaching the precise definition and control of intensity in bench press exercise. Fifty male physical education students were divided into four groups according to their relative strength ratio (RSR) and performed a 1RM bench press test, and two maximum number of repetitions (MNR) tests one week apart, using a relative load corresponding to 70% 1RM determined through the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) obtained from the individual load–velocity relationship. Regarding MPV, the best (fastest) repetition of the set values were similar between groups (0.62 m·s−1–0.64 m·s−1). The average MNR was 12.38 ± 2.51, with significant variation between groups with regards to MNR (CV:13–29%), and greater variability in the group corresponding to the lowest RSR values (CV: 29%). The use of variables such as the 1RM or a MNR do not allow an adequate degree of precision to prescribe and control the relative intensity of resistance training. Besides, execution velocity control can offer an adequate alternative to guarantee an accurate prescription of intensity with regard to resistance training. Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to analyze the use of variables such as % of one-repetition maximum (1RM) and number of maximal repetitions (xRM) with execution velocity to define and control the intensity of resistance training in bench press exercise. Hence, exercise professionals will achieve better control of training through a greater understanding of its variables. Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, fifty male physical education students were divided into four groups according to their relative strength ratio (RSR) and performed a 1RM bench press test (T1). In the second test, participants performed repetitions to exhaustion (T2), using a relative load corresponding to 70% 1RM determined through the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) obtained from the individual load–velocity relationship. This same test was repeated a week later (T3). Tests were monitored according to the MPV of each repetition and blood lactate values (LACT). Results: Regarding MPV, the best (fastest) repetition of the set (MPVrep Best) values were similar between groups (0.62 m·s−1–0.64 m·s−1), with significant differences in relation to the high RSR group (p < 0.001). The average maximum number of repetitions (MNR) was 12.38 ± 2.51, with no significant differences between the RSR groups. Nonetheless, significant variation existed between groups with regards to MNR (CV: 13–29%), with greater variability in the group corresponding to the lowest RSR values (CV: 29%). The loss of velocity in the MNR test in the different groups was similar (p > 0.05). Average LACT values (5.72 mmol·L−1) showed significant differences between the Medium RSR and Very Low RSR groups. No significant differences were found (p > 0.05) between T2 and T3 with regards to MNR, MPVrep Best, or MPVrep Last, with little variability seen between participants. Conclusions: The use of variables such as the 1RM, estimated using an absolute load value, or an MNR do not allow an adequate degree of precision to prescribe and control the relative intensity of resistance training. Besides, execution velocity control can offer an adequate alternative to guarantee an accurate prescription of intensity with regard to resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Juan Hernández-Lougedo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.); (J.R.H.-E.)
| | - Luis Maicas-Pérez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.); (J.R.H.-E.)
| | - Raúl Notario-Alonso
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.); (J.R.H.-E.)
| | - Marzo Edir Da Silva-Grigoletto
- Functional Training Group, Post Graduate Program in Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar
- Department of Physical Activity and Sports Science, Alfonso X El Sabio University, 28691 Madrid, Spain; (J.H.-L.); (L.M.-P.); (R.N.-A.); (J.R.H.-E.)
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19
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Pérez-Castilla A, Miras-Moreno S, García-Vega AJ, García-Ramos A. The placement of linear transducers affects the magnitude but not the intra-session reliability of kinematic variables during the bench press exercise. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: While linear transducers are the most accurate velocity monitoring devices, the horizontal motion of the barbell seems to affect its measurement error. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of cable inclination of the GymAware and T-Force linear transducers on the intra-session reliability and magnitude of kinematic variables during the Smith machine bench press exercise. METHODS: Twenty-eight resistance-trained males performed 2 blocks of 12 repetitions (4 repetitions at 40-60-80%1RM). In half of the repetitions with each load the two measuring systems were either vertically aligned with the barbell or positioned 15-cm away from the vertical projection of the barbell. RESULTS: Displacement and mean velocity variables were recorded with a high and comparable intra-session reliability regardless of the cable position and measuring system (CV=𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 1.79–8.38%; ICC=𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 0.69–0.98). The inclined cable position provided a lower displacement and mean velocity than the vertical cable position and the differences were comparable using both the GymAware (⩽ 1.52 cm; ⩽ 0.05 m⋅s-1) and T-Force (⩽ 1.53 cm; ⩽ 0.04 m⋅s-1). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that repeatable findings of kinematic variables can be obtained regardless of the cable position, but for comparative purposes, the cable position should remain constant from the start to the end of the lifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Pérez-Castilla
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Miras-Moreno
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín J. García-Vega
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Villaseca-Vicuña R, Otero-Saborido FM, Perez-Contreras J, Gonzalez-Jurado JA. Relationship between Physical Fitness and Match Performance Parameters of Chile Women's National Football Team. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168412. [PMID: 34444159 PMCID: PMC8391224 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationships between the level of physical fitness and the physical performance parameters recorded by GPS in official FIFA matches of the Chilean women’s senior national football team in the period 2018–2020. Twenty-six female field players (age (mean ± SD) 26.8 ± 3.3 years, height 157.8 ± 21.5 cm, weight 58.9 ± 4.9 kg) participated in the study. Physical fitness variables were assessed: muscular strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), speed, agility and aerobic fitness. Physical performance variables were recorded by GPS in 26 official FIFA matches. The most notable associations with significant statistical significance (p < 0.001) were those observed between neuromuscular variables such as time to run 10 m (T10; r = −0.629) and jump (CMJ; r = 0.502) and the number of accelerations; aerobic fitness showed a highly significant relationship with meters run per minute (M/M; r = 0.589). The findings of this study provide evidence of how the level of physical fitness (neuromuscular and aerobic) relates to physical performance parameters recorded in official competitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña
- Federación de Fútbol de Chile, 8320000 Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, 8320000 Santiago, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +569-9929-2252
| | - Fernando Manuel Otero-Saborido
- Centro de investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Deportivo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41001 Sevilla, Spain; (F.M.O.-S.); (J.A.G.-J.)
| | - Jorge Perez-Contreras
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, 8320000 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Jose Antonio Gonzalez-Jurado
- Centro de investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Deportivo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41001 Sevilla, Spain; (F.M.O.-S.); (J.A.G.-J.)
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Thompson SW, Rogerson D, Ruddock A, Greig L, Dorrell HF, Barnes A. A Novel Approach to 1RM Prediction Using the Load-Velocity Profile: A Comparison of Models. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:88. [PMID: 34206534 PMCID: PMC8309813 DOI: 10.3390/sports9070088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aim was to compare different predictive models in one repetition maximum (1RM) estimation from load-velocity profile (LVP) data. Fourteen strength-trained men underwent initial 1RMs in the free-weight back squat, followed by two LVPs, over three sessions. Profiles were constructed via a combined method (jump squat (0 load, 30-60% 1RM) + back squat (70-100% 1RM)) or back squat only (0 load, 30-100% 1RM) in 10% increments. Quadratic and linear regression modeling was applied to the data to estimate 80% 1RM (kg) using 80% 1RM mean velocity identified in LVP one as the reference point, with load (kg), then extrapolated to predict 1RM. The 1RM prediction was based on LVP two data and analyzed via analysis of variance, effect size (g/ηp2), Pearson correlation coefficients (r), paired t-tests, standard error of the estimate (SEE), and limits of agreement (LOA). p < 0.05. All models reported systematic bias < 10 kg, r > 0.97, and SEE < 5 kg, however, all linear models were significantly different from measured 1RM (p = 0.015 <0.001). Significant differences were observed between quadratic and linear models for combined (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.90) and back squat (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.35) methods. Significant differences were observed between exercises when applying linear modeling (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.67-0.80), but not quadratic (p = 0.632-0.929, ηp2 = 0.001-0.18). Quadratic modeling employing the combined method rendered the greatest predictive validity. Practitioners should therefore utilize this method when looking to predict daily 1RMs as a means of load autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W. Thompson
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (D.R.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - David Rogerson
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (D.R.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Alan Ruddock
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (D.R.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Leon Greig
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7QE, UK;
| | - Harry F. Dorrell
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK;
| | - Andrew Barnes
- Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S10 2BP, UK; (D.R.); (A.R.); (A.B.)
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