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Winds K, Aebi M, Plattner B. Problematic Internet Use Among Adolescent Male and Female Psychiatric Inpatients: A Gender Perspective. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:497-509. [PMID: 36070055 PMCID: PMC10891233 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Problematic internet use (PIU) is of treatment interest in adolescent clinical samples. Gender specific differences in terms of personality traits and psychopathological symptoms remain unclear. In an adolescent clinical sample (n = 104; 69 girls) PIU, psychopathology, temperament and character traits as well as emotional and behavioral problems were assessed. 62% of the sample showed subthreshold PIU and 34% full PIU (fPIU). Boys reported more gaming whereas girls social networking. Sex specific analyses revealed gender differences: Girls with fPIU scored significantly higher on internalizing/externalizing problems/behavior, novelty seeking and transcendence, and lower on persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than girls without fPIU. Boys with fPIU scored significantly higher on internalizing problems and self-transcendence and lower on harm avoidance than boys without fPIU. Gender plays an important role in PIU. Gender specific differences in both application use as well as symptomatic, temperament and character traits call for a gender specific approach in prevention and treatment integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Winds
- Christian-Doppler-Clinic, University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marcel Aebi
- Department of Justice and Home Affairs, Research & Development, Corrections and Rehabilitation, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Belinda Plattner
- Christian-Doppler-Clinic, University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paracelsus Medical University, Ignaz-Harrer-Straße 79, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
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Kukafka R, Bottel L, Herpertz S, Timmesfeld N, Te Wildt BT, Wölfling K, Henningsen P, Neumann A, Beckers R, Pape M. Internet-Based Self-Assessment for Symptoms of Internet Use Disorder-Impact of Gender, Social Aspects, and Symptom Severity: German Cross-sectional Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e40121. [PMID: 36633897 PMCID: PMC9880811 DOI: 10.2196/40121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internet use disorder (IUD) is a new type of behavioral addiction in the digital age. At the same time, internet applications and eHealth can also provide useful support in medical treatment. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine if an internet-based eHealth service can reach individuals with IUD. In particular, it should be investigated whether both male and female individuals with more severe IUDs can be reached. METHODS Data were retrieved from the OMPRIS (online-based motivational intervention to reduce problematic internet use and promote treatment motivation in internet gaming disorder and internet use disorder) project (DRKS00019925), an internet-based motivational intervention to reduce problematic internet use and promote treatment motivation in internet gaming disorder and IUD. During the recruitment process (August 2020-March 2022), a total of 3007 individuals filled out the standardized scale for the assessment of internet and computer game addiction (AICA-S). The assessment was accessible via the project homepage. There was no preselection of participants at this stage of the study; however, the offer was addressed to people with hazardous internet use and IUDs. The web-based assessment was free and could be found via search engines, but attention was also drawn to the service via newspaper articles, radio reports, and podcasts. RESULTS Out of 3007 who participated in the web-based self-assessment, 1033 (34.4%) are female, 1740 (57.9%) are male, 67 (2.2%) are diverse individuals, and 167 (5.5%) did not disclose their gender. The IUD symptom severity score showed a wide range between the AICA-S extreme values of 0 and 27 points. On average, the total sample (mean 8.19, SD 5.47) was in the range of hazardous IUD behavior (AICA-S cutoff>7.0). Furthermore, 561 individuals (18.7% of the total sample; mean 17.42, SD 3.38) presented severe IUD (AICA-S cutoff>13.5). Focusing on female and male participants, 20.9% (363/1740) of the men and 14.9% (151/1033) of the women scored above 13.5 points, which can be considered pathological IUD behavior (χ22,2773=16.73, P<.001, effect size: Cramér V=0.078). Unemployment, being in vocational training or studying at a university, and being male were significantly associated with high IUD symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Using a large sample, the study showed that both mildly and severely IUD-affected individuals can be reached via the internet. An internet-based eHealth offer can thus be a good way to reach patients with IUD where they are addicted-on the internet. In addition, eHealth services increase the likelihood of reaching female patients, who hardly ever come to specialized outpatient clinics and hospitals. Since social problems, especially unemployment, have a strong association with disease severity, the integration of social counseling into treatment seems advisable in terms of a multidisciplinary approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00019925; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00019925.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Bottel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nina Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Theodor Te Wildt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Psychosomatic Hospital Diessen Monastery, Diessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Outpatient Clinic for Behavioral Addictions, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Henningsen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Neumann
- Institute for Health Care Management and Research, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckers
- Competence Centre of Healthcare Telematics, Hagen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Pape
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Wölfling K, Dreier M, Beutel ME, Müller KW. Inanspruchnehmende einer Spielsuchtambulanz mit „Doppeldiagnosen“. SUCHT 2022. [DOI: 10.1024/0939-5911/a000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Zielsetzung: Internetnutzungsstörungen werden als wichtiges gesundheitsrelevantes Phänomen akzeptiert und sind bekanntermaßen mit hohen Raten an komorbiden psychischen Erkrankungen assoziiert. Jedoch ist das Wissen über das gleichzeitige Auftreten mit einer weiteren Verhaltenssucht begrenzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit bietet eine erste klinische Charakterisierung bei gleichzeitig auftretender Internetnutzungs- und Glücksspielstörung (Doppeldiagnose). Methodik: Die Analyse beruhte auf einer konsekutiven klinischen Stichprobe von Betroffenen ( N=1813), die sich wegen einer Verhaltenssucht ambulant vorstellten. Daten wurden aus der klinischen Exploration sowie psychometrischen Verfahren zur Erfassung von Depressivität, Stress, Angstsymptomen und Funktionsniveau erhoben und mit Betroffenen, die entweder eine Computerspiel- oder Glücksspielstörung aufwiesen, verglichen. Ergebnisse: Bei n=46 Betroffenen wurde eine Doppeldiagnose gestellt. Diese Gruppe wies zudem eine höhere Anzahl weiterer psychischer Störungen auf. Die Auswertung der klinischen Inventare wies auf eine insgesamt hohe Symptombelastung hin, ohne dass sich die Gruppen signifikant voneinander unterschieden. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine kleine Gruppe Inanspruchnehmender erfüllt die Kriterien einer Internetnutzungs- und einer Glücksspielstörung. Es ergeben sich keine auffälligen Unterschiede in der Symptombelastung zu Betroffenen mit singulärer Abhängigkeit, jedoch ist zu vermuten, dass Doppeldiagnosen eine differenzierte therapeutische Herangehensweise erfordern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Wölfling
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Michael Dreier
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Kai W. Müller
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht der Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland
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Wölfling K, Zeeck A, Te Wildt B, Resmark G, Morawa E, Kersting A, von Wietersheim J, Müller A. [Behavioral Addictions in Psychosomatic Care]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2021; 72:139-147. [PMID: 34781382 DOI: 10.1055/a-1647-3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is commonly agreed, that Behavioral Addictions are accompanied by mental disorders and are still underdiagnosed. The multicenter cross-sectional study aimed at estimating the prevalence of Behavioral Addictions in a consecutive sample of patients seeking treatment for mental disorders other than Behavioral Addiction. METHODS The study included 801 patients from eight psychosomatic university hospitals. Behavioral Addictions were assessed via standardized questionnaires. RESULTS 24.1% of the sample reported at least one Behavioral Addiction. The majority of those patients reported symptoms of a single Behavioral Addiction. Questionnaire-based prevalence rates were 3.4% for Pathological Gambling, 1.9% for Pathological Internet Use, 16.7% for Pathological Buying, 5.4% for Hypersexual Disorder, and 3.5% for pathological exercising (exercise dependence). Neither center nor setting (outpatient, inpatient, day clinic) effects were observable. DISCUSSION Within this clinical sample, symptoms of shopping addiction are highly common in patients undergoing psychosomatic-psychotherapeutic treatment. These are rather women. Men are more likely to suffer from gambling and sex addiction. Generally, symptoms of Behavioral Addictions are commonly reported. Till today, Behavioral Addictions are often still underdiagnosed. CONCLUSION Patients within psychosomatic treatment commonly suffer from symptoms of Behavioral Addictions, which should be considered for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Wölfling
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Almut Zeeck
- Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Bert Te Wildt
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, LWL-Universitätsklinikum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Psychosomatische Klinik Kloster Dießen, Dießen, Deutschland
| | - Gaby Resmark
- Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - Eva Morawa
- Psychosomatische und Psychotherapeutische Abteilung, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - Anette Kersting
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Jörn von Wietersheim
- Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Astrid Müller
- Abteilung für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Deutschland
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Dieris-Hirche J, Bottel L, Pape M, Te Wildt BT, Wölfling K, Henningsen P, Timmesfeld N, Neumann A, Neusser S, Beckers R, Herpertz S. Effects of an online-based motivational intervention to reduce problematic internet use and promote treatment motivation in internet gaming disorder and internet use disorder (OMPRIS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045840. [PMID: 34344675 PMCID: PMC8338317 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In May 2019, the WHO classified internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a mental disorder in the upcoming International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision. However, individuals affected by IGD or internet use disorders (IUDs) are often not provided with adequate therapy due to a lack of motivation or absence of adequate local treatment options. To close the gap between individuals with IUDs and the care system, we conduct an online-based motivational intervention to reduce problematic internet use and promote treatment motivation in internet gaming disorder and internet use disorder (OMPRIS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS Within the randomised controlled trial, a total of n=162 participants will be allocated by sequential balancing randomisation to the OMPRIS intervention or a waitlist control group. The study includes an extensive diagnostic, followed by a 4-week psychological intervention based on motivational interviewing, (internet-related) addiction therapy, behavioural therapy techniques and additional social counselling. The primary outcome is the reduction of problematic internet use measured by the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction Scale. Secondary outcomes include time spent on the internet, motivation for change (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Internet Use Disorder), comorbid mental symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener-7), quality of life (EuroQoL Standardised Measure of Health-related Quality of Life-5 Dimensions, General Life Satisfaction-1), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale), personality traits (Big Five Inventory-10), therapeutic alliance (Helping Alliance Questionnaire) and health economic costs. The diagnosis of (comorbid) mental disorders is carried out with standardised clinical interviews. The measurement will be assessed before (T0), at midpoint (T1) and after the OMPRIS intervention (T2), representing the primary endpoint. Two follow-up assessments will be conducted after 6 weeks (T3) and 6 months (T4) after the intervention. The outcomes will be analysed primarily via analysis of covariance. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Participants will provide written informed consent. The trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum (approval number 19-6779). Findings will be disseminated through presentations, peer-reviewed journals and conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00019925.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dieris-Hirche
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Laura Bottel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Magdalena Pape
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Bert Theodor Te Wildt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Psychosomatic Hospital Diessen Monastery, Diessen am Ammersee, Germany
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Henningsen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Timmesfeld
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Neumann
- Institute for Medicine Management, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Silke Neusser
- Institute for Medicine Management, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Beckers
- Competence Centre of Healthcare Telematics, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Kewitz S, Vonderlin E, Wartberg L, Lindenberg K. Estimated Prevalence of Unreported IGD Cases in Routine Outpatient Children and Adolescent Psychotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136787. [PMID: 34202676 PMCID: PMC8297263 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) has been included in the DSM-5 as a diagnosis for further study, and Gaming Disorder as a new diagnosis in the ICD-11. Nonetheless, little is known about the clinical prevalence of IGD in children and adolescents. Additionally, it is unclear if patients with IGD are already identified in routine psychotherapy, using the ICD-10 diagnosis F 63.8 (recommended classification of IGD in ICD-10). This study investigated N = 358 children and adolescents (self and parental rating) of an outpatient psychotherapy centre in Germany using the Video Game Dependency Scale. According to self-report 4.0% of the 11- to 17-year-old patients met criteria for a tentative IGD diagnosis and 14.0% according to the parental report. Of the 5- to 10-year-old patients, 4.1% were diagnosed with tentative IGD according to parental report. Patients meeting IGD criteria were most frequently diagnosed with hyperkinetic disorders, followed by anxiety disorders, F 63.8, conduct disorders, mood disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorders (descending order) as primary clinical diagnoses. Consequently, this study indicates that a significant amount of the clinical population presents IGD. Meaning, appropriate diagnostics should be included in routine psychological diagnostics in order to avoid “hidden” cases of IGD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kewitz
- Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Eva Vonderlin
- Centre for Psychological Psychotherapy Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Katajun Lindenberg
- Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-798-23975
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Scherer L, Mader L, Wölfling K, Beutel ME, Dieris-Hirche J, Müller KW. [Undiagnosed Internet-Related Disorder in the Psychotherapeutic Care System: Prevalence and Gender-Specific Characteristics]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2021; 48:423-429. [PMID: 33626576 DOI: 10.1055/a-1364-8396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internet-related disorders (IRD) are characterized by uncontrolled use of various Internet applications, which is associated with impairments in various sections and an increased rate of other forms of mental illness. The aim was to identify undiagnosed comorbid IRD and to examine gender-specific differences. METHODS In 19 psychotherapeutic institutions 501 patients (65.3 % women) were recruited. RESULTS Comorbid IRD was found in 20.7 % of men and 15.9 % of women. IBS was not identified by the practitioners in 94.6 % of women and 66.6 % of men. In particular affective disorders and substance-related addiction occurred very frequently and regardless of gender. Women were significantly more often affected by eating and personality disorders, men were significantly more often affected by pathological gambling. CONCLUSION A high rate of IBS remains undetected in the psychotherapeutic care system. Women with IBS have other referral diagnoses and are more often affected by severe mental disorders than men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Scherer
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Lisa Mader
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Klaus Wölfling
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
| | - Jan Dieris-Hirche
- Mediensuchtambulanz LWL-Universitätsklinikum Bochum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Klinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie
| | - Kai W Müller
- Ambulanz für Spielsucht, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz
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Müller KW, Scherer L, Beutel ME, Wölfling K. Verhaltenstherapeutische Ansätze bei internetbezogenen Störungen: Diagnostik, Motivation und Verhaltensmodifikation. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000494460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Who Is at Risk for Problematic Video Gaming? Risk Factors in Problematic Video Gaming in Clinically Referred Canadian Children and Adolescents. MULTIMODAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERACTION 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/mti2020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Internet Addiction and Interpersonal Communication Skills Among High School Students in Tabriz, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Comorbid internet addiction in male clients of inpatient addiction rehabilitation centers: psychiatric symptoms and mental comorbidity. J Nerv Ment Dis 2013; 201:934-40. [PMID: 24177479 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Addictive Internet use has recently been proposed to be included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Still, little is known about its nosological features, including comorbidity with other mental disorders and disorder-specific psychopathological symptoms. To investigate whether Internet addiction (IA) is an issue in patients in addiction treatment, 1826 clients were surveyed in 15 inpatient rehabilitation centers. Male patients meeting criteria for comorbid IA (n = 71) were compared with a matched control group of male patients treated for alcohol addiction without addictive Internet use (n = 58). The SCL-90-R, the Patient Health Questionnaire, and the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder were used to assess associated psychiatric symptoms and further comorbid disorders. Comorbid IA was associated with higher levels of psychosocial symptoms, especially depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and interpersonal sensitivity. Moreover, the patients with IA more frequently met criteria for additional mental disorders. They display higher rates of psychiatric symptoms, especially depression, and might be in need of additional therapeutic treatment. In rehabilitation centers, a regular screening for IA is recommended to identify patients with this (non-substance-related) addiction and supply them with additional disorder-specific treatment.
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Addressing the question of disorder-specific risk factors of internet addiction: a comparison of personality traits in patients with addictive behaviors and comorbid internet addiction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:546342. [PMID: 23865056 PMCID: PMC3707207 DOI: 10.1155/2013/546342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled use of the internet has been reported to affect the lives of some users in a negative way. According to epidemiological studies, about 1% of the general population is showing signs of internet addiction. Since internet addiction is becoming a growing health concern, research on potential risk factors is becoming more important in order to develop strategies for prevention and to adopt therapeutic treatment. Although there are some studies investigating personality traits in internet addiction, most of these studies are based on samples of healthy subjects. In this research project, we compared personality profiles of a sample of patients in different rehabilitation centers. 70 patients with an addiction disorder that additionally met the criteria for internet addiction were compared to 48 patients suffering from alcohol dependence. Besides Big Five personality traits, we also assessed depressive symptoms. It was shown that patients with comorbid internet addiction can be discriminated from other patients by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion as well as lower conscientiousness. After controlling for depressive symptoms, lower conscientiousness especially turned out to be a disorder-specific risk factor. As internet addiction is related to unique patterns of personality traits and can be discriminated from alcohol dependence, treatment approaches are needed that meet the specific requirements of patients with internet addiction.
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