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Atzeni M, Carta MG, Primavera D, Aviles Gonzales CI, Galletta M, Marchegiani S, Carboni G, Sancassiani F, Nonnis M, Urban A, Cantone E, Nardi AE, Preti A. Reliability and Factor Structure of the Well-Being and Respect for Human Rights Questionnaire in Measuring Caregivers' Perception. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2024; 20:e17450179310030. [PMID: 39130187 PMCID: PMC11311724 DOI: 10.2174/0117450179310030240703061409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background This study has investigated perceptions of respect for users' rights among informal caregivers in mental healthcare settings, aligning with the guidelines outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the World Health Organization QualityRights initiative. The study has employed the questionnaire on Well-being at Work and Respect for Human Rights (WWRR) among informal caregivers and tested whether the questionnaire's factor structure among informal caregivers aligns with that of users and health workers. We have hypothesized that informal caregivers prioritize users' needs and rights over the care context's climate. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The "Well-being at Work and Respect for Human Rights" questionnaire was distributed to 100 caregivers in 4 territorial mental health facilities in Sardinia, Italy. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was utilized to assess the participants' responses. Results Participants reported high satisfaction with their relatives' treatment, perceiving a high level of respect for human rights among users and healthcare professionals. However, they highlighted insufficient resources for services, particularly the need for additional staff. CFA revealed that a scale with the first five items demonstrated good reliability, convergent validity, and discrimination. Mean scores indicated high satisfaction and perception of respect for human rights across the sample, with no significant differences by age or gender. Conclusion Satisfaction with users' rights is closely correlated with other factors comprising the notion of organizational well-being within a healthcare service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Atzeni
- International Ph.D. in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maura Galletta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sonia Marchegiani
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Mediocampidano-ARES Sardegna, Sanluri, Italy
| | - Giorgio Carboni
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Mediocampidano-ARES Sardegna, Sanluri, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Nonnis
- Department of Education, Psychology and Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Urban
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari Servizio di Prevenzione e Protezione Italy, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Cantone
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio E. Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Aviles Gonzalez CI, Cerchiaro Fernandez DM, Guerra Munoz ME, Romero Ramirez R, Abarca Arias YM, Brasesco MV, Migliaccio GM, Romano F, Cossu G, Primavera D, Carta MG. Mental Health Professionals' Perception of Respect for Human Rights and Organizational Well-Being in Three Countries of South America. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:214. [PMID: 38397703 PMCID: PMC10888642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The respect for human rights in mental health care services significantly contributes to organizational well-being and is evolving into an actual benchmark of quality standards. This study assesses the perception of the respect for human rights for users and staff, as well as organizational and job satisfaction among mental health professionals in three South American countries, through the well-being at work and respect for human rights (WWRR) questionnaire and assesses whether there are significant differences. Seven mental health facilities in Argentina, Colombia, and Peru were involved in this observational study. The sample comprised 310 mental health professionals. The three countries exhibited differences in WWRR, particularly in the staff's satisfaction with resources for care (η2 = 0.166) and staff's satisfaction with organizational aspects (η2 = 0.113). Colombia had the lowest scores in these factors but the highest in the perception of the respect for human rights for users and staff, although this difference did not reach a statistical significance. Despite the progress made in recent years towards coercion-free medical standards and an increased focus on mental health polices in Latin American countries, there is a need to enhance the quality standards of mental health services, recognizing the value that the respect for human rights holds for the organizational well-being of both mental health users and professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez
- Department of Nursing, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200001, Colombia
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Martha Esther Guerra Munoz
- Faculty of Administrative, Accounting, and Economic Sciences, Rectorate and Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200001, Colombia
| | - Robert Romero Ramirez
- Faculty of Administrative, Accounting, and Economic Sciences, Rectorate and Vice-Presidency for Research, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar 200001, Colombia
| | | | | | - Gian Mario Migliaccio
- Department Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, 00118 Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
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Respect for human rights as a component of organisational well-being: factor structure analysis in three countries of Latin America. Int Rev Psychiatry 2023; 35:221-227. [PMID: 37105154 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2023.2178288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
People with psychosocial disabilities are often discriminated against and experience violations of their human rights. With the QualityRights program, World Health Organisation highlights that one of element founding the quality of services is the respect for users' rights, in the belief that there is no quality of care without respect for human rights and vice versa. To date, studies explored the issue mainly in Europe. In this sense, the purpose of the study is to verify if the perception of respect for patients' rights is a component of organisational well-being for mental health workers in three countries of Latin America (Argentina, Colombia, Peru). A random sample representative of professionals working in three mental healthcare networks in Argentina, Colombia, and Peru was enrolled (n = 310). Each health worker completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and the Well-Being at work and respect for human rights (WWRR). The WWRR consists of seven items on satisfaction at work, beliefs about users' satisfaction in received care, the satisfaction of work's organisation, respect of users' and staff's human rights, adequacy of resources, and perceived needs of resources in the mental health service. The principal components analysis of the instrument was carried out with Varimax rotation and Kaiser normalisation (including all components with Eigen value > 1). The total explained variance was 67.2%. Item 6 saturated in one single factor, and the first five items saturated in factor 1 with factor loadings ranging from 0.52 to 0.86. Parallel test suggested a one-factor structure as acceptable. The results show in three countries of Latin America that the more workers perceive that the human rights of users are respected, the more satisfied they are of own work. This article confirms previous observations in Italy, North Macedonia, Tunisia and Palestine.
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Carta MG, Moro MF, Sancassiani F, Ganassi R, Melis P, Perra A, D’Oca S, Atzeni M, Velluzzi F, Ferreli C, Atzori L, Gonzalez CIA, Serrentino MR, Angermeyer MC, Cossu G. Respect for service users’ human rights, job satisfaction, and wellbeing are higher in mental health workers than in other health workers: A study in Italy at time of the Covid pandemic. J Public Health Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/22799036221107060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the respect for users’ rights, job satisfaction, and well-being between mental health workers (MHWs) compared to non-mental health care workers (nMHWs) from the same Italian region. Methods: The sample was recruited from community mental health and non-mental health outpatient centers in Sardinia. Participants fulfilled the WellBeing at work and respect for human-rights questionnaire (WWRR). The sample included 240 MHWs and 154 nMHWs. Results: MHWs were more satisfied with their work and workplace compared to nMHWs. MHWs had stronger beliefs that users were satisfied with the care received, and both workers and users’ human rights were respected in their workplace. MHWs reported to need more rehabilitation therapists and psychologists in their services, while nMHWs needed more nurses and professionals for users’ personal care. Italian MHWs are more satisfied with their work and workplace, and more convinced that users are satisfied with the care received and that users’ and staff human rights are respected in their workplaces, compared to nMHWs. Conclusions: The historic link between the community mental health network and other support networks in Italy and the consequent perception of proximity to the citizens of the care network may be the reason for this optimal situation of Italian MHWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | | | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Ruben Ganassi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Paola Melis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Alessandra Perra
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Silvia D’Oca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Michela Atzeni
- International Ph.D. in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | | | - Maria Roberta Serrentino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
| | | | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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Husky M, Zgueb Y, Ouali U, A Gonzalez CI, Piras M, Testa G, Maleci A, Mulas A, Montisci A, Nujedat S, Kalcev G, Teodorov I, Preti A, Angermeyer M, Carta MG. Principal Component Analysis of the Well-Being at Work and Respect for Human Rights Questionnaire (WWRRR) in the Mediterranean Region. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2020; 16:115-124. [PMID: 33029189 PMCID: PMC7536725 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902016010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Well-Being at Work and Respect for human Rights Questionnaire (WWRR) was conceived based on the hypothesis that the perception of respect for users' rights is an essential element of well-being in the workplace in healthcare. The objective of the study is to examine the principal components of the WWRR. Methods: A random sample representative of a set of professionals working in three different healthcare networks in Tunisia, North-Macedonia, and Italy was enrolled (n=426). Each professional completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and the WWRR. The WWRR consists of six items on beliefs about: satisfaction at work, users’ satisfaction, organization at work, respect of users’ and staff human rights, adequacy of resources. A seventh item assesses the perceived needs of personnel. Correlation between the items was evaluated by analysing the principal components with Varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization (which included all components with an Eigen value> 1). Results: A single factor covered over 50% of the variance, all the items of the questionnaire were closely related and compose a single factor. Tunisia presented some differences regarding the item about the human rights of staff. Conclusion: Satisfaction with the respect for the rights of users is strongly correlated with the other factors that are part of the concept of the organizational well-being of health care providers. The WWRR provides a means of measuring this important and often neglected dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yosra Zgueb
- Department of Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, La Manouba, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Uta Ouali
- Department of Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, La Manouba, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Cesar I A Gonzalez
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Piras
- Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Testa
- Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Maleci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Mulas
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Montisci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Samih Nujedat
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Goce Kalcev
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | - Iskren Teodorov
- Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari Cagliari, Italy
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Zgueb Y, Preti A, Perra A, El-Astal S, Aviles Gonzalez CI, Piras M, Testa G, Kirolov I, Tamburini G, Ouali U, Kalcev G, Romano F, Kovess V, Carta MG. Staff Perception of Respect for Human Rights of Users and Organizational Well-being: A Study in Four Different Countries of the Mediterranean Area. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2020; 16:109-114. [PMID: 33029188 PMCID: PMC7536724 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902016010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perception by mental health service staff of respect for users' rights is a fundamental component of organizational well-being. The objective of this work is to examine how cultural differences and the working context can influence the perception of respect for users' rights in mental health professionals in the Mediterranean area. METHODS An observational survey carried out in four different mental health networks in four countries of the Mediterranean area (Tunisia, North-Macedonia, Italy, Palestine). Each invited participant fulfilled a format on socio-demographic information and coded the Well-Being at Work and Respect Right Questionnaire (WWRR). All data were encrypted and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The Games-Howell post-hoc test was used to assess differences between countries. The Games-Howell test does not assume equal variances and sample sizes. Eta-squared (η2) was used as a measure of effect size in the ANOVA (η2 around 0.01, 0.06, and 0.14 are considered small, medium, and large, respectively). RESULTS The sample included 590 professionals working in the mental health field. The four countries showed statistically significant differences with regards to the quality rights assessment tool. Participants from Italy reported, on average, the highest scores across the questions. There were also differences across the countries about the perception of the impact of available resources on the effectiveness of care (η2 = 0.106). CONCLUSION Our findings offer a useful insight into the perception of the quality of mental health services, especially from a users' rights point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Zgueb
- Department of Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, La Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Preti
- Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perra
- Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sofian El-Astal
- Department of Psychology, Al Azhar University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez
- Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Martina Piras
- Department of innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari,Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgia Testa
- Department of innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari,Cagliari, Italy
| | - Iskren Kirolov
- Department of Higher Education,European Association of Institutions in Higher Education, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Tamburini
- Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Uta Ouali
- Department of Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, La Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Goce Kalcev
- University Goce Delcev, Stip, North Macedonia
| | - Ferdinando Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviane Kovess
- Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Center for Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Pantenburg B, Luppa M, König HH, Riedel-Heller SG. Burnout among young physicians and its association with physicians' wishes to leave: results of a survey in Saxony, Germany. J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11:2. [PMID: 26807138 PMCID: PMC4724157 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-016-0091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concerns about burnout, and its consequences, among German physicians are rising. However, data on burnout among German physicians are scarce. Also, a suspected association between burnout and German physicians’ wishes to leave remains to be studied. Therefore, the extent of burnout, and the association between burnout and wishes to leave clinical practice or to go abroad for clinical work was studied in a sample of young physicians in Saxony. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, all physicians ≤40 years and registered with the State Chamber of Physicians of Saxony, Germany (n = 5956) received a paper-pencil questionnaire inquiring about socio-demographics, job satisfaction, and wishes to leave clinical practice or to go abroad for clinical work. Response rate was 40 % (n = 2357). Burnout was measured with the German version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI) consisting of the subscales emotional exhaustion (feeling emotionally drained), depersonalization (feelings of cynicsm) and personal accomplishment (feelings of personal achievement in job). Variables associated with burnout, and the association between burnout and wishes to leave were assessed in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results For emotional exhaustion participants reached a mean of 21.3 [standard deviation = 9.74], for depersonalization a mean of 9.9 [5.92], and for personal accomplishment a mean of 36.3 [6.77]. Men exhibited significantly higher depersonalization than women (11.3 [6.11] versus 9 [5.62], p < 0.001). Eleven percent of participants showed a high degree of burnout on all subscales, while 35 % did not show a high degree of burnout on any subscale. Confirming that one would become a physician again, and higher satisfaction with the components “work environment” and “humaneness”, were associated with a lower chance for a high degree of burnout on all subscales. Higher emotional exhaustion and lower personal accomplishment were associated with an increased chance of wishing to leave clinical practice. Higher emotional exhaustion and higher depersonalization were associated with an increased chance of wishing to go abroad for clinical work. Conclusions Preventing physician burnout may not only benefit the affected individual. It may also benefit the health care system by potentially preventing physicians from leaving clinical practice or from going abroad for clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Pantenburg
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Rössler W, Hengartner MP, Ajdacic-Gross V, Angst J. Predictors of burnout: results from a prospective community study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:19-25. [PMID: 24927954 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-014-0512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The possible link between work strain and subsequent mental disorders has attracted public attention in many European countries. Burnout has become a favored concept within this context. Most burnout research has concentrated on various professional groups and less so on ordinary community samples. We analyzed the data collected from a 30-year community sample during seven measuring occasions, beginning in 1978. In the last assessment (2008), we included for the first time the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Making the diagnosis of a lifetime mental disorder a predictor for burnout required us to compile the cumulative prevalence rate over all seven occasions. We also evaluated various psycho-social predictors of burnout over the life cycle of our sample. Concurrent associations of the MBI with subscales from the SCL-90-R were also investigated. The relationship of burnout with several SCL-90-R subscales demonstrated that, in all dimensions, burnout is associated with significant psychopathology. Persons with a lifetime mood disorder, and especially those with a combination of mood and anxiety disorders, had a higher risk for subsequent burnout. Various partnership problems were another predictor for burnout. In conclusion, the role of mental disorder as an occupational illness remains controversial. Various forms of such disorders as well as some psycho-social predictors can predispose to burnout. By contrast, work-related predictors appear to be less important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulf Rössler
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Zurich, Militärstrasse 8, 8004, Zurich, Switzerland,
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Angermeyer MC, Millier A, Rémuzat C, Refaï T, Toumi M. Attitudes and beliefs of the French public about schizophrenia and major depression: results from a vignette-based population survey. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:313. [PMID: 24252540 PMCID: PMC3840612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In their study 'Mental Health in the General Population: Images and Realities' Jean-Luc Roelandt et al. found a huge divide between the French public's conceptualizations of insanity and depression. The study aims to examine whether such differences can be replicated using modern operationalized diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. METHODS In 2012, an online survey was conducted using a representative sample drawn from the adult French population (N = 1600). After presentation of a case-vignette depicting a person with either schizophrenia or major depressive disorder a fully structured interview was carried out. RESULTS Despite some similarities marked differences between both disorders emerge regarding beliefs and attitudes. While respondents presented with the schizophrenia vignette more frequently defined symptoms as the expression of an illness with a stronger biological component and a less favorable prognosis, demanding psychiatric treatment, respondents presented with the depression vignette considered the occurrence of symptoms more frequently as the consequence of current psychosocial stress, benefitting not only from established but also from alternative treatments. People with schizophrenia were more frequently perceived as unpredictable and dangerous, there was a stronger need to separate one-self from them, they were more frequently met with fear and less frequently reacted to with pro-social feelings, and they also faced more rejection. CONCLUSIONS The French public draws a clear line between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. This applies equally to beliefs about both disorders and to attitudes towards the persons afflicted. There is a need for interventions trying to reduce existing misconceptions in order to improve the care of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Angermeyer
- Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria,Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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