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Zucca S, Nicora G, De Paoli F, Carta MG, Bellazzi R, Magni P, Rizzo E, Limongelli I. An AI-based approach driven by genotypes and phenotypes to uplift the diagnostic yield of genetic diseases. Hum Genet 2024:10.1007/s00439-023-02638-x. [PMID: 38520562 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Identifying disease-causing variants in Rare Disease patients' genome is a challenging problem. To accomplish this task, we describe a machine learning framework, that we called "Suggested Diagnosis", whose aim is to prioritize genetic variants in an exome/genome based on the probability of being disease-causing. To do so, our method leverages standard guidelines for germline variant interpretation as defined by the American College of Human Genomics (ACMG) and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP), inheritance information, phenotypic similarity, and variant quality. Starting from (1) the VCF file containing proband's variants, (2) the list of proband's phenotypes encoded in Human Phenotype Ontology terms, and optionally (3) the information about family members (if available), the "Suggested Diagnosis" ranks all the variants according to their machine learning prediction. This method significantly reduces the number of variants that need to be evaluated by geneticists by pinpointing causative variants in the very first positions of the prioritized list. Most importantly, our approach proved to be among the top performers within the CAGI6 Rare Genome Project Challenge, where it was able to rank the true causative variant among the first positions and, uniquely among all the challenge participants, increased the diagnostic yield of 12.5% by solving 2 undiagnosed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zucca
- enGenome Srl, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Nicora
- enGenome Srl, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - M G Carta
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R Bellazzi
- enGenome Srl, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - P Magni
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - E Rizzo
- enGenome Srl, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Czepiel D, McCormack C, da Silva AT, Seblova D, Moro MF, Restrepo-Henao A, Martínez AM, Afolabi O, Alnasser L, Alvarado R, Asaoka H, Ayinde O, Balalian A, Ballester D, Barathie JA, Basagoitia A, Basic D, Burrone MS, Carta MG, Durand-Arias S, Eskin M, Fernández-Jiménez E, Frey MIF, Gureje O, Isahakyan A, Jaldo R, Karam EG, Khattech D, Lindert J, Martínez-Alés G, Mascayano F, Mediavilla R, Narvaez Gonzalez JA, Nasser-Karam A, Nishi D, Olaopa O, Ouali U, Puac-Polanco V, Ramírez DE, Ramírez J, Rivera-Segarra E, Rutten BP, Santaella-Tenorio J, Sapag JC, Šeblová J, Soto MTS, Tavares-Cavalcanti M, Valeri L, Sijbrandij M, Susser ES, Hoek HW, van der Ven E. Inequality on the frontline: A multi-country study on gender differences in mental health among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2024; 11:e34. [PMID: 38572248 PMCID: PMC10988139 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2024.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) were at increased risk for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, with prior data suggesting women may be particularly vulnerable. Our global mental health study aimed to examine factors associated with gender differences in psychological distress and depressive symptoms among HCWs during COVID-19. Across 22 countries in South America, Europe, Asia and Africa, 32,410 HCWs participated in the COVID-19 HEalth caRe wOrkErS (HEROES) study between March 2020 and February 2021. They completed the General Health Questionnaire-12, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and questions about pandemic-relevant exposures. Consistently across countries, women reported elevated mental health problems compared to men. Women also reported increased COVID-19-relevant stressors, including insufficient personal protective equipment and less support from colleagues, while men reported increased contact with COVID-19 patients. At the country level, HCWs in countries with higher gender inequality reported less mental health problems. Higher COVID-19 mortality rates were associated with increased psychological distress merely among women. Our findings suggest that among HCWs, women may have been disproportionately exposed to COVID-19-relevant stressors at the individual and country level. This highlights the importance of considering gender in emergency response efforts to safeguard women's well-being and ensure healthcare system preparedness during future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Czepiel
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Parnassia Groep, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clare McCormack
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andréa T.C. da Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dominika Seblova
- Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria F. Moro
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Restrepo-Henao
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Epidemiology Group, National School of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adriana M. Martínez
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oyeyemi Afolabi
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lubna Alnasser
- Population Health Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
- School of Public Health, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hiroki Asaoka
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Olatunde Ayinde
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arin Balalian
- Question Driven Design and Analysis Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dinarte Ballester
- University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Josleen A.l. Barathie
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Armando Basagoitia
- Unidad de Investigación, Consultora Salud Global Bolivia, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Djordje Basic
- Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María S. Burrone
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sol Durand-Arias
- National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mehmet Eskin
- Department of Psychology, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Jiménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela I. F. Frey
- Social and Community Academic Unit, University of Chubut, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Anna Isahakyan
- National Institute of Health Named After Academician S. Avdalbekyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Rodrigo Jaldo
- Social and Community Academic Unit, University of Chubut, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Elie G. Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand,Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dorra Khattech
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Jutta Lindert
- Faculty of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Martínez-Alés
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Mediavilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier A. Narvaez Gonzalez
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Maestría en Epidemiología, División de Postgrados, El Bosque University, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aimee Nasser-Karam
- Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy and Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand,Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Daisuke Nishi
- Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Olusegun Olaopa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Uta Ouali
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital La Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Victor Puac-Polanco
- Departments of Health Policy & Management and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Dorian E. Ramírez
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of San Carlos of Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Jorge Ramírez
- School of Public Health, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliut Rivera-Segarra
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Bart P.F. Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julian Santaella-Tenorio
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontifical Xavierian University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime C. Sapag
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jana Šeblová
- Emergency Department, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Czech Society for Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyně, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - María T. S. Soto
- Dirección de Investigación Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre, Bolivia
| | - Maria Tavares-Cavalcanti
- School of Medicine and Psychiatric Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Linda Valeri
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marit Sijbrandij
- Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Dissemination of Psychological Interventions, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ezra S. Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans W. Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Parnassia Groep, The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els van der Ven
- Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Horato N, Carta MG, Nardi AE. Celebrating the centenary of Turan M. Itil and remembering his groundbreaking contributions to psychopharmacology and electroencephalography. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 156:14-15. [PMID: 37832320 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natia Horato
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Quagliato LA, Primavera D, Fornaro M, Preti A, Carta MG, Nardi AE. An update on the pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of dysthymic disorder: a systematic review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:2035-2040. [PMID: 37787056 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2265809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Longer treatment times, more comorbidity, more severe impairments in social, psychological, and emotional functioning, increased healthcare use, and more hospitalizations are all factors that are related to dysthymia. Given the significant prevalence of dysthymia (including persistent depressive disorder) worldwide, its comorbidity with several mental disorders, and the detrimental effects of these comorbidities, it is important to conduct a systematic review to compare the effects of pharmacological acute and maintenance treatments for dysthymia with placebo and standard care in the last 10 years, based on the publication of DSM5. AREAS COVERED This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Databases, including PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched to assess the effects of pharmacological acute and maintenance treatments for dysthymia in comparison with placebo and treatment as usual. EXPERT OPINION Our review shows that SSRIs and SNRIs present efficacy for dysthymia treatment, and L-Acetylcarnitine should be investigated further for this condition in elderly patients. The comparison of antidepressant medication versus placebo showed coherent results based on three studies favoring pharmacotherapy as an effective treatment for participants with dysthymia. However, the scarcity of research on continuation and maintenance therapy in people with dysthymia highlights the need for more primary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiana A Quagliato
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego Primavera
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Dentistry, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Carta MG, Orrù G, Littera R, Firinu D, Chessa L, Cossu G, Primavera D, Del Giacco S, Tramontano E, Manocchio N, Buonomo C, Scano A. Comparing the responses of countries and National Health Systems to the COVID-19 pandemic: a critical analysis with a case-report series. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:7868-7880. [PMID: 37667964 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202308_33442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to compare the different responses of countries to the pandemic, their National Health Systems, and their impact on citizens' health. This work aimed to create a narrative plot that connects different discussion points and suggests organizational solutions and strategic choices in the face of the pandemic. In particular, this work focused on public health organizations, specifically the European Union and vaccination politics. It is also based on a case report series (about the United States, Germany, Vietnam, New Zealand, Cuba, and Italy), where each country has responded differently to the pandemic in terms of political decisions such as vaccination type, information to citizens, dealings with independent experts, and other specific country factors. In comparing the various models of care systems response to the pandemic, it emerges that: we have found some (few) good practices, but without global coordination, and this is obviously not enough. It is now quite clear that there cannot be a "good answer" in a single nation. Uncoordinated local responses cannot counter a global phenomenon. The second point is that the general context must be considered from a strategic point of view. With the threat of new pandemics (but also of health disasters linked to climate change, pollution, and wars), humanity finds itself at the crossroads between investing in a "democratic" management of international bodies but without power (and at the mercy of the need for funds with consequent conflicts) or in some new leadership proposals that advocate efficiency and problem-solving (and that would probably be able to implement it) but that would place processes totally outside of the public's control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Carta
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Carta MG, Nardi AE, Pinna S, Cossu G, Gureje O. Multidisciplinary contributions towards an evolutive interpretation of bipolar disorders: Could it be the pathological drift of a potentially adaptive condition? Braz J Psychiatry 2023; 45. [PMID: 37307284 PMCID: PMC10668319 DOI: 10.47626/1516-4446-2023-3154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper tries to summarize the results of studies from different disciplines supporting the idea that temperamental traits, such as "reckless/hyper-exploratory" attitudes, commonly believed to be associated with psychopathology, surprisingly turn out as adaptive under specific stress conditions. In particular, this paper analyzes an ethologic line of research on primates suggesting models for a sociobiological interpretation of mood disorders in humans; a study that found high frequencies of a genetic variance associated with bipolar disorder in people without bipolar disorder but with hyperactivity/novelty-seeking traits; the outcomes of socio-anthropologicalhistorical surveys on the evolution of mood disorders in Western countries in the last centuries; surveys on changing societies in Africa and African migrants in Sardinia; and studies that found higher frequencies of mania and subthreshold mania among Sardinian immigrants in Latin American megacities. Although it is not unequivocally accepted that an increase in the prevalence of mood disorders has occurred, it would be logical to suppose that a nonadaptive condition should have disappeared over time; mood disorders, on the contrary, persist and their prevalence might have even increased. This new interpretation could lead to counter-discrimination and stigma towards people suffering from the disorder, and it would be a central point in psychosocial treatments in addition to drugs. The aim is to hypothesize that bipolar disorder, strongly characterized by these traits, may be the result of the interaction between genetic characteristics, not necessarily pathological, and specific environmental conditions, rather than a mere product of an aberrant genetic profile. If mood disorders were mere nonadaptive conditions, they would have disappeared over time, however, their prevalence, paradoxically, persists if not even increases over time. The hypothesis that bipolar disorder may result from the interaction between genetic characteristics, not necessarily pathological, and specific environmental factors, seem more credible than considering bipolar disorder as a mere product of an aberrant genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G. Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio E. Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Samantha Pinna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oye Gureje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Kalcev G, Cossu G, Preti A, Littera MT, Frau S, Primavera D, Zaccheddu R, Matza V, Ermellino M, Pintus E, Carta MG. Development and Validation of the Questionnaire for Adaptive Hyperactivity and Goal Achievement (AHGA). Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2023; 19:e174501792303281. [PMID: 37916197 PMCID: PMC10351347 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-e230419-2022-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective This paper illustrates the preliminary psychometric properties of the Questionnaire for Adaptive Hyperactivity and Goal Achievement (AHGA), aimed at measuring adaptive characteristics of hyperactivity and goal pursuit in older adults. Methods The 12-item scale was administered to a sample of 120 subjects (older adults) between February 2022 and June 2022. The reliability of AHGA was measured using Cronbach's alpha, and factor structure was established using parallel analysis (PA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Convergent validity was tested against the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). Results All included subjects have an average age of 74.1±5.1 years. AHGA reliability was good (Cronbach's alpha: 0.713 [95%CI: 0.630 to 0.783]). Factor analysis suggested two main components: goal achievement and hyperactivity, which explained 41% of the variance in the data. The results support the convergent validity of the scale: AHGA measures adaptive characteristics of hyperactivity and goal pursuit, in contrast to BRIAN, which measures pathological characteristics. Conclusion The reported findings represent an innovative approach to hyperthymic features by embracing a broader spectrum concept that conceptualizes the potential transition between pathological and adaptive aspects as a continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goce Kalcev
- Department of Innovation Sciences and Technologies at the University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Stèphanie Frau
- Department of Psychology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Diego Primavera
- Azienda Regionale della Salute (ARES, Sardegna), Medio Campidano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Zaccheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Pintus
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Ouali U, Zgueb Y, Jouini L, Aissa A, Jomli R, Ouertani A, Omrani A, Nacef F, Carta MG, Preti A. Accuracy of the Arabic HCL - 32 and MDQ in detecting patients with bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:70. [PMID: 36703141 PMCID: PMC9878752 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies about the two most used and validated instruments for the early detection of Bipolar Disorder (BD), the 32 - item Hypomania Checklist (HCL - 32) and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), are scarce in non-Western countries. This study aimed to explore the reliability, factor structure, and criterion validity of their Arabic versions in a sample of Tunisian patients diagnosed with mood disorders. METHODS The sample included 59 patients with BD, 86 with unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and 281 controls. Confirmatory factor analysis was applied to show that a single global score was an appropriate summary measure of the screeners in the sample. Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to assess the capacity of the translated screeners to distinguish patients with BD from those with MDD and controls. RESULTS Reliability was good for both tools in all samples. The bifactor implementation of the most reported two-factor model had the best fit for both screeners. Both were able to distinguish patients diagnosed with BD from putatively healthy controls, and equally able to distinguish patients diagnosed with BD from patients with MDD. CONCLUSION Both screeners work best in excluding the presence of BD in patients with MDD, which is an advantage in deciding whether or not to prescribe an antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Ouali
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, Rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisia ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Zgueb
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, Rue des Orangers, 2010, La Manouba, Tunisia. .,Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia. .,Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Lamia Jouini
- grid.418149.10000 0000 8631 6364Centre de Compétences en Psychiatrie et Psychothérapie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et Psychothérapie, Hôpital du Valais (HVS)- Centre Hospitalier du Valais Romand, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Amina Aissa
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, Rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisia ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rabaa Jomli
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, Rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisia ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhafidh Ouertani
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, Rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisia ,Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Adel Omrani
- Tunisian Bipolar Forum, Erable Médical Cabinet 324, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fethi Nacef
- Department Psychiatry A, Razi Hospital, Rue des Orangers, 2010 La Manouba, Tunisia ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia ,Research Laboratory LR18SP03, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- grid.7763.50000 0004 1755 3242Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- grid.7605.40000 0001 2336 6580Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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Perra A, De Lorenzo V, Zaccheddu R, Locci A, Piludu F, Preti A, Di Natale L, Galetti A, Nardi AE, Cossu G, Sancassiani F, Barbato S, Cesaretti O, Kurotshka PK, Carta MG. Cognitive Remediation Virtual Reality Tool a Recovery-Oriented Project for People with Bipolar Disorder: Protocol of a Feasibility Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2022; 18:e174501792208220. [PMID: 37274852 PMCID: PMC10158082 DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v18-e2208220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive deficits are considered a fundamental component of bipolar disorder due to the fact that they negatively impact personal/social functioning. Cognitive remediation interventions are effective in the treatment of various psychosocial disorders, including bipolar disorder. The use of Virtual reality as a rehabilitation tool has produced scientific evidence in recent years, especially in cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. This study aims at evaluating the feasibility of a Cognitive Remediation Virtual Reality Program (CEREBRUM) for people with bipolar disorder in psychiatric rehabilitation. Material and Methods Feasibility randomized controlled cross-over clinical study; we randomized 50 people from the Consultation and Psychosomatic Psychiatry Center of the University Hospital of Cagliari (San Giovanni di Dio Civil Hospital) with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. We propose a cognitive remediation program in virtual reality (CEREBRUM), 3 months with 2 weekly sessions, for the experimental group and a usual care program for the control group (psychiatric visit and/or psychotherapy). Results The results of the trial will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and will be disseminated at international meetings and congress. Discussion This RCT aims, with regards to its feasibility and design, to provide information about a confirmatory trial that evaluates the effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation program in psychiatric rehabilitation for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in people with bipolar disorder. Conclusion The results that we analyzed at the end of the RCT will have an impact on psychiatric rehabilitation research with a focus on improving the application of technologies for mental health.Trial registration: ClinicalTrialsgov NCT05070065, registered on September 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perra
- International Ph.D. in Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Zaccheddu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Aurora Locci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Piludu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Galetti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter Konstantin Kurotshka
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of General Practice, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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10
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Carta MG, Sancassiani F, Melis P, Aviles-Gonzales CI, Urban A, Minerba L, D'Oca S, Atzeni M, Velluzzi F, Ferreli C, Serrentino R, Coghe F, Cossu G. The perception of professionals and users of the quality of care and respect for human rights in four outpatient care facilities of an Italian hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221119026. [PMID: 36172597 PMCID: PMC9511322 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221119026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, delays in providing medical services, dissatisfaction, criticism toward health workers (HW) and the risk of burnout of HW in Italy have been documented. No studies have contrasted the point of view of HW and users on the quality of care and respect for human rights in health facilities. Objective: To compare the perception of users of their satisfaction with the care provided with the perception of HW of their satisfaction with work as well as the perception of the respect of HW “s and users” human rights. Methods: The “Well-Being at work and respect for human rights questionnaire” (WWRR) was administered on a sample of users (142) and HW (154) in four outpatient health care facilities of a hospital in Sardinia, Italy. Results: Users showed higher scores than HW on their satisfaction with the care received (p < 0.0001), the perception of respect for their human rights (p < 0.0001), and availability of resources for care (p < 0.0001). The HW scores were higher than 50% of the maximum in all items, but a relatively low score was reported on the HW’s satisfaction of the resources and the respect for their rights. Conclusion: The satisfaction for care and respect for human rights in the outpatient health services was higher than expected. The relatively low score by the HWs in relation to the satisfaction with the resources and perception of respect for their human rights could be a wake-up call. The study does not involve emergency rooms, wards, or Covid units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Melis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cesar I Aviles-Gonzales
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Popular Universidad del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia
| | - Antonio Urban
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Oca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Atzeni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fernanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Serrentino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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11
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Carta MG, Sancassiani F, Ganassi R, Melis P, D’Oca S, Atzeni M, Velluzzi F, Ferreli C, Atzori L, Aviles-Gonzales CI, Serrentino MR, Angermeyer MC, Cossu G. Why Was the Perception of Human Rights Respect and Care Satisfaction So High in Users of Italian Mental Health Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11040997. [PMID: 35207268 PMCID: PMC8880584 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11040997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare users' and mental health workers' (MHW) perception of respect of human rights and job/care satisfaction in mental health services in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of users and MHW of Sardinia, Italy, fulfilled the "Well-Being at work and respect for human rights questionnaire" (WWRR). The study included 240 MHW and 200 users. Users showed a higher level of satisfaction of care than MHW of work, and a higher perception of the satisfaction of users and human rights respected for health workers. Both user and MHW responses were about 85% of the maximum score, except for satisfaction with resources. Responses were higher for users, but users and MHW both showed high levels of satisfaction. In previous surveys, MHW of Sardinia showed higher scores in all items of WWRR, except for satisfaction with resources, compared with workers from other health sectors of the same region, and with MHW from other countries. The low score for satisfaction with resources (in users and staff) is consistent with a progressive impoverishment of resources for mental health care in Italy. The study, although confirming the validity of the Italian model, fully oriented towards community, sets off an alarm bell on the risks resulting from the decrease in resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Ruben Ganassi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Paola Melis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Silvia D’Oca
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Michela Atzeni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Fermanda Velluzzi
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Caterina Ferreli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Laura Atzori
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Cesar I. Aviles-Gonzales
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Roberta Serrentino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, SS 554, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (F.S.); (R.G.); (P.M.); (S.D.); (M.A.); (F.V.); (C.F.); (L.A.); (C.I.A.-G.); (M.R.S.); (G.C.)
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12
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Perra A, Preti A, De Lorenzo V, Nardi AE, Carta MG. Quality of information of websites dedicated to obesity: a systematic search to promote high level of information for Internet users and professionals. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1-9. [PMID: 33665782 PMCID: PMC8860948 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Internet is increasingly used as a source of information. This study investigates with a multidimensional methodology the quality of information of websites dedicated to obesity treatment and weight-loss interventions. We compared websites in English, a language that it is used for the international scientific divulgation, and in Italian, a popular local language. METHODS Level of Evidence: Level I, systematic review search on four largely used search engines. Duplicated and unrelated websites were excluded. We checked: popularity with PageRank; technological quality with Nibbler; readability with the Flesch Reading Ease test or the Gulpease readability index; quality of information with the DISCERN scale, the JAMA benchmark criteria, and the adherence to the Health on the Net Code. RESULTS 63 Italian websites and 41 English websites were evaluated. English websites invested more in the technological quality especially for the marketing, experience of the user, and mobile accessibility. Both the Italian and English websites were of poor quality and readability. CONCLUSIONS These results can inform guidelines for the improvement of health information and help Internet users to achieve a higher level of information. Users must find benefits of treatment, support to the shared decision-making, the sources used, the medical editor's supervision, and the risk of postponing the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Perra
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | | | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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13
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Kalcev G, Preti A, Scano A, Orrù G, Carta MG. Insight into susceptibility genes associated with bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:5701-5724. [PMID: 34604962 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe disorder, and it is associated with an increased risk of mortality. About 25% of patients with BD have attempted and 11% have died by suicide. All these characteristics suggest that the disorders within the bipolar spectrum are a crucial public health problem. With the development of molecular genetics in recent decades, it was possible to more easily detect risk genes associated with this disorder. This study aimed at summarizing the findings of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the topic and assessing the quality of the available evidence. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed/Medline and Web of Science were searched to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses published during 2013-2019. Standard methodology was applied to synthesize and assess the retrieved literature. RESULTS This systematic review identifies a number of potential risk genes associated with bipolar disorder whose mechanism of action has yet to be confirmed. They are divided into several groups: 1) a list of the most significant susceptibility genetic factors associated with BD; 2) the implication of the ZNF804A gene in BD; 3) the role of genes involved in calcium signaling in BD; 4) DNA methylation in BD; 5) BD and risk suicide genes; 6) susceptibility genes for early-onset BD; 7) candidate genes common to both BD and schizophrenia; 8) genes involved in cognitive status in BD cases; 9) genes involved in structural alteration in BD brain tissue; 10) genes involved in lithium response in BD. CONCLUSIONS Future research should concentrate on molecular mechanisms by which genetic variants play a major role in BD. Supplemental research is needed to replicate the applicable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kalcev
- Innovation Sciences and Technologies, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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14
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Nardi AE, Cheniaux E, Mendlowicz MV, Carta MG, Hupfeld-Moreno D, Moreno RA. Homage for Hagop Souren Akiskal (1944-2021): Former co-Editor-in Chief of the Journal of Affective Disorders, a world-known charismatic psychiatrist and a creative researcher in mood disorders. J Affect Disord 2021; 287:350-351. [PMID: 33813255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Elie Cheniaux
- Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro & Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro V Mendlowicz
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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15
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Backhaus I, Sisenop F, Begotaraj E, Cachia J, Capolongo S, Carta MG, Jakubauskiene M, Jevtic M, Nakov V, Pirlog MC, Grbic DS, Vinko M, Kusturica MP, Morganti A, Lindert J. Resilience and Coping With COVID-19: The COPERS Study. Int J Public Health 2021; 66:1604007. [PMID: 34335143 PMCID: PMC8284865 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2021.1604007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Sisenop
- Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany
| | - Edvaldo Begotaraj
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,College University "LOGOS", Tirana, Albania
| | - John Cachia
- Commissioner for Mental Health, Office of the Commissioner for Mental Health, Msida, Malta
| | - Stefano Capolongo
- Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (DABC), Design and Health Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Applied Medical Technologies and Methodology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Marija Jevtic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.,Institute of Public Health of Vojvodinia, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Nakov
- Department of Mental Health, National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Matej Vinko
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Alessandro Morganti
- Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (DABC), Design and Health Lab, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jutta Lindert
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,WRSC, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
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16
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Speerforck S, Hertel J, Stolzenburg S, Grabe HJ, Carta MG, Angermeyer MC, Schomerus G. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adults: A Population Survey on Public Beliefs. J Atten Disord 2021; 25:783-793. [PMID: 31271090 PMCID: PMC7897776 DOI: 10.1177/1087054719855691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate beliefs and attitudes of the public toward attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. Method: In a representative population survey in Germany (N = 1,008) using computer-assisted telephone interviews, we asked participants about causal beliefs, illness recognition, treatment recommendations, and beliefs about ADHD, presenting an unlabelled vignette of a child or an adult with ADHD. Results: The most frequently endorsed causal beliefs for the depicted child with ADHD were "TV or Internet," "lack of parental affection," and "broken home." In comparison with the child vignette, biological causal beliefs were endorsed more often after the adult vignette. In the child vignette, 66% advised against a treatment with stimulant medication. About 90% of respondents had heard of ADHD. Of those, 20% said they believed ADHD to be not a real disease. Conclusion: Beliefs of the German public partly contradict evidence and should be considered in therapeutical and public contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Speerforck
- University Medicine Greifswald, Germany,Sven Speerforck, Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Ellernholzstraße 1-2, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Mauro G. Carta
- Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria
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17
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Levitan MN, Papelbaum M, Carta MG, Appolinario JC, Nardi AE. Binge Eating Disorder: A 5-Year Retrospective Study on Experimental Drugs. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:33-47. [PMID: 33542663 PMCID: PMC7853418 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s255376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Binge eating disorder (BED) affects a significant rate of the general population causing a negative impact on their quality of life, weight, and self-esteem. Besides psychological treatments that compose the majority of the studies, pharmaceuticals have contributed to improve a host of clinical parameters, thus being an important component of the treatment. We opted to target the latest results by performing a review of the literature on the pharmacology for BED from the last 5 years. To achieve this goal, the terms: "binge eating disorder" and "treatment" were added to the PubMed database and the website clinicaltrials.gov. At least five drugs were either being tested or had already been recognized to improve BED symptoms - although only lisdexamfetamine is currently approved by the FDA to treat this condition. However, due to a better understanding of BED psychopathology in the last decade, it is notorious that improvement of eating-related symptoms is not the only desired target. Due to the significant comorbidity percentage (30%), weight loss is highly pursued, as well as the amelioration of clinical parameters which highlights the importance of having new agents combining both objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Levitan
- Psychiatry Institute/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Eating Disorders Department/Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Mauro G Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università Degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jose C Appolinario
- Psychiatry Institute/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Psychiatry Institute/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Carta MG, Colom F, Erfurth A, Fornaro M, Grunze H, Hantouche E, Nardi AE, Preti A, Vieta E, Karam E. In Memory of Hagop Akiskal. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2021; 17:48-51. [PMID: 34249138 PMCID: PMC8227446 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; E-mail:
| | | | - Andreas Erfurth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Klinik Hietzing, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michele Fornaro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Heinz Grunze
- Center for Psychiatry Weinsberg, Klinikum am Weissenhof, Weinsberg, Germany
| | - Elie Hantouche
- Center for Anxiety and Mood Disorders, Anxiety & Mood Center, 117, Rue de Rennes, Paris 75006, France
| | - Antonio E. Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elie Karam
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Angermeyer MC, Carta MG, Ghachem R, Matschinger H, Millier A, Refai T, Schomerus G, Toumi M. Cultural Variations in Public Beliefs about Mental Disorders: A Comparison between Tunisia and Germany. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2020; 16:70-81. [PMID: 33029184 PMCID: PMC7536730 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902016010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background In recent years there is a growing interest in public beliefs about mental disorders. Numerous representative population-based studies have been conducted around the globe, also in European countries bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. However, relatively little is known about public beliefs in countries in Northern Africa. Objective To fill this gap by comparing public beliefs about mental disorders in Tunisia and Germany, focusing on causal beliefs, help-seeking recommendations and treatment preferences. Methods Representative national population-based surveys have been conducted in Tunisia in 2012 (N = 811) and in Germany in 2011 (N = 1852), using the same interview mode and the same fully structured interview starting with a vignette depicting a person suffering from either schizophrenia or depression. Results In Tunisia, the public was more likely to adopt psychosocial and to reject biogenetic explanations than in Germany. Correspondingly, psychological treatments were more frequently recommended and biological ones more frequently advised against. There was also a strong inclination to share religious beliefs and to recommend seeking religious advice. Tunisians tended much more than Germans to hold moralistic views and to blame the afflicted person for his or her illness. In Tunisia, the public tended less to differentiate between schizophrenia and depression than in Germany. Conclusion Marked differences between Tunisia and Germany exist in public beliefs about the causes of mental disorders and their treatment, which correspond to differences in cultural orientations prevailing in these countries. Mental health professionals need to be sensitive to the particular cultural context in which they operate, in order to be able to reach those they intend to care for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Angermeyer
- Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria.,Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Herbert Matschinger
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tarek Refai
- Tarek Refaï, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du Lac, Tunisia
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mondher Toumi
- Aurélie Millier, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France.,Department of Public Health, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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20
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Lorefice L, Fenu G, Carta E, Frau J, Coghe G, Contu F, Barracciu MA, Carta MG, Cocco E. Bipolar disorders and deep grey matter in multiple sclerosis: A preliminary quantitative MRI study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 46:102564. [PMID: 33172832 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is frequently observed in patients affected by multiple sclerosis (MS), presenting a lifetime estimate of around 8%. However, uncertainty exists on the brain damage associated with this psychiatric comorbidity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of brain atrophy, particularly that of the subcortical grey matter (scGM) structures that notoriously regulate the affective functioning, on the co-occurrence of BD in patients with MS. METHODS A group of patients with MS affected by BD and a control group of patients with MS without any mood/psychiatric disorder, as defined using standardised diagnostic tools (Advanced Neuropsychiatric Tools and Assessment Schedule), were recruited. The patients underwent brain MRI, and the volumes of the whole brain (WB), white matter (WM), and grey matter (GM) were estimated using SIENAX. Thus, the scGM volumes of the putamen, caudate, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and pallidus were estimated using the FIRST tool. RESULTS The sample included 61 patients with MS, amongst whom 15 (24.6%) had BD. No differences in the WB, WM, and cortical GM volumes were observed between the patients with MS with and without BD. Conversely, the multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association of BD with lower volumes of the putamen (p = 0.032), nucleus accumbens (p = 0.029), and pallidus (p = 0.061; with a trend towards significance), independently from the demographic and MS clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary results indicated that the nucleus accumbens and putamen are smaller in MS patients with BD. Further investigations in larger cohorts of MS patients with affective disorders are necessary to confirm these data and understand the structural brain damage underlying this psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lorefice
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, ASSL Cagliari, Italy.
| | - G Fenu
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, ASSL Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Carta
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Dpt of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - J Frau
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, ASSL Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Coghe
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, ASSL Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Contu
- Radiology Unit, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, ASSL Cagliari, Italy
| | - M A Barracciu
- Radiology Unit, Binaghi Hospital, ATS Sardegna, ASSL Cagliari, Italy
| | - M G Carta
- Dpt of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Cocco
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Dpt of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
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21
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Carta MG, Nardi AE, Bhugra D. New technologies for social inclusion of people with psychosocial disabilities in the era of COVID-19 and beyond. Braz J Psychiatry 2020; 43:231-232. [PMID: 32876132 PMCID: PMC8136384 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratório Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Carta MG, Scano A, Lindert J, Bonanno S, Rinaldi L, Fais S, Orrù G. Association between the spread of COVID-19 and weather-climatic parameters. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:8226-8231. [PMID: 32767354 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether the climate has played a role in the COVID-19 outbreak, we compared virus lethality in countries closer to the Equator with others. Lethality in European territories and in territories of some nations with a non-temperate climate was also compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lethality was calculated as the rate of deaths in a determinate moment from the outbreak of the pandemic out of the total of identified positives for COVID-19 in a given area/nation, based on the COVID-John Hopkins University website. Lethality of countries located within the 5th parallels North/South on 6 April and 6 May 2020, was compared with that of all the other countries. Lethality in the European areas of The Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom was also compared to the territories of the same nations in areas with a non-temperate climate. RESULTS A lower lethality rate of COVID-19 was found in Equatorial countries both on April 6 (OR=0.72 CI 95% 0.66-0.80) and on May 6 (OR=0.48, CI 95% 0.47-0.51), with a strengthening over time of the protective effect. A trend of higher risk in European vs. non-temperate areas was found on April 6, but a clear difference was evident one month later: France (OR=0.13, CI 95% 0.10-0.18), The Netherlands (OR=0.5, CI 95% 0.3-0.9) and the UK (OR=0.2, CI 95% 0.01-0.51). This result does not seem to be totally related to the differences in age distribution of different sites. CONCLUSIONS The study does not seem to exclude that the lethality of COVID-19 may be climate sensitive. Future studies will have to confirm these clues, due to potential confounding factors, such as pollution, population age, and exposure to malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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23
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Nardi AE, Karam EG, Carta MG. Fibromyalgia patients should always be screened for post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:891-893. [PMID: 32662698 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1794824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Panic & Respiration, Federal University of Rio De Janeiro , Brazil.,Brazilian Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Medicine , Brazil
| | - Elie G Karam
- Head Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Professor of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology St. George Hospital University Medical Center University of Balamand , Lebanon.,Chairman of the World Psychiatric Association Epidemiology and Public Health Section , Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Applied Biomedical Technologies, Università degli Studi di cagliari , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari , Italy
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24
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Nardi AE, Carta MG, Shorter E. The remarkable Juliano Moreira (1872-1933): an Afro-Brazilian psychiatrist, scientist, and humanist in an environment of slavery and racism. Braz J Psychiatry 2020; 43:237-239. [PMID: 32556006 PMCID: PMC8136382 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio E Nardi
- Laboratório Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Academia Brasileira de Ciências and Academia Nacional de Medicina, Brazil
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Edward Shorter
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose is to highlight the legal and ethical principles that inspired the reform of mental health care in Italy, the only country to have closed its psychiatric hospitals. The article will also try to verify some macro-indicators of the quality of care and discuss the crisis that the mental health care system in Italy is experiencing. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS The principal changes in the legislation on mental health care in Italy assumed an important role in the evolution of morals and common sense of the civil society of that country. We describe three critical points: first, the differences in implementation in the different Italian regions; second, the progressive lack of resources that cannot be totally attributed to the economic crisis and which has compromised application of the law; and finally, the scarce attention given to measurement of change with scientific methods. CONCLUSION Italy created a revolutionary approach to mental health care in a historical framework in which it produced impressive cultural expressions in many fields. At that time, people were accustomed to 'believing and doing' rather than questioning results and producing research, and this led to underestimating the importance of a scientific approach. With its economic and cultural crisis, Italy has lost creativity as well as interest in mental health, which has been guiltily neglected. Any future humanitarian approach to mental health must take the Italian experience into account, but must not forget that verification is the basis for any transformation in health care culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Anita Holzinger
- Teaching Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Carta MG, Orrù G, Scano A, Coghe F, Nunnari G, Facchini G, Numis FG, Berretta M. In the face of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, do people suffering from oncological disease need specific attention? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:3434-3436. [PMID: 32329810 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202004_20794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M G Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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27
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Carta MG, Moro MF, Piras M, Ledda V, Prina E, Stocchino S, Orrù G, Romano F, Brasesco MV, Freire RC, Nardi AE, Tondo L. Megacities, migration and an evolutionary approach to bipolar disorder: a study of Sardinian immigrants in Latin America. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 42:63-67. [PMID: 31269095 PMCID: PMC6986479 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether people with a Sardinian genetic background who live in the megacities of South America have a higher frequency of hypomania than residents of Sardinia. Methods: A community survey of Sardinian immigrants was carried out in four Brazilian metropoles (n=218) and Buenos Aires (n=306). The results were compared with those of a study involving a similar methodology (Mood Disorder Questionnaire [MDQ] as a screening tool) conducted in seven Italian regions, including a sub-sample from Sardinia. Results: There was a higher prevalence of lifetime hypomania among Sardinians living in the Brazilian metropoles than among those living in Sardinia. This result was also consistent with Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires. After stratification by sex and age, the lifetime prevalence of MDQ scores ≥ 8 among Sardinians in South-American megacities and Sardinia was 8.6% vs. 2.9%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The higher frequency of hypomania in migrant populations appears to favor an evolutionary view in which mood disorders may be a maladaptive aspect of a genetic background with adaptive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria F Moro
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Ledda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Prina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Serena Stocchino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maria V Brasesco
- Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad del Museo Social Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael C Freire
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- Centro Lucio Bini Cagliari, Cagliari/Rome, Italy.,McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Husky MM, Otten R, Boyd A, Pez O, Bitfoi A, Carta MG, Goelitz D, Koç C, Lesinskiene S, Mihova Z, Kovess-Masfety V. Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Children Aged 5–12 Years Across Seven European Countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) has been used extensively to screen for possible mental disorders in epidemiological studies around the world. The present study aimed to compare the internal consistency of both the parent- and teacher-SDQ across seven European countries: Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey, and to determine the ability of the SDQ to discriminate cases from non-cases of disorders against the well-established Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). The sample included 541 assessments of children aged 5–12 years. Internal consistency ranged from .74 to .85 for the teacher-SDQ, and .60 to .85 for the parent-SDQ with significant between-country differences. The SDQ further proved to be an adequate screening instrument for the detection of any mental disorder (area under the receiving operator characteristic [AUROC] = .74, 95% CI: .69–.78), and for externalizing disorders in particular (AUROC = .80, 95% CI: .76–.84). There were no differences in AUROC between countries ( p = .09), yet sample sizes were limited thus restricting our ability to detect between-country differences in AUROCs. The results reinforce existing research on the SDQ and support its use in detecting probable cases of psychiatric disorders in children across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde M. Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie EA 4139, Institut Universitaire de France, Université de Bordeaux, France
| | - Roy Otten
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pluryn Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- REACH-Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Anders Boyd
- INSERM, UMR_S1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | - Ondine Pez
- École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Adina Bitfoi
- The Romanian League for Mental Health, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Centro di Psichiatria di Consulenza e Psicosomatica Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dietmar Goelitz
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Theology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Ceren Koç
- Yeniden Health and Education Society, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Zlatka Mihova
- Department of Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sophia, Bulgaria
| | - Viviane Kovess-Masfety
- École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University EA 4057, Paris, France
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29
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Speerforck S, Stolzenburg S, Hertel J, Grabe HJ, Strauß M, Carta MG, Angermeyer MC, Schomerus G. ADHD, stigma and continuum beliefs: A population survey on public attitudes towards children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 282:112570. [PMID: 31558401 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ADHD is a mental illness of high epidemiological and clinical importance, embedded in a complex socio-cultural context. We estimated the prevalence of attitudes related to ADHD in a representative population survey in Germany (n = 1008) after presenting an unlabelled vignette of a child or an adult with ADHD. Relations of personal experience, interpersonal contact and continuum beliefs with emotions and social distance were calculated using path models. About two-thirds of the German public indicated they believe in a continuum of ADHD symptoms, and half stated that they know somebody among family or close friends with a comparable problem. About one-quarter of respondents felt annoyed by the depicted person. While an adult with ADHD was most frequently accepted as a work colleague or neighbor, about one-quarter of the German general population rejected renting a room or giving a job recommendation. Personal Experience (both vignettes) and contact (adult vignette) were related to a higher belief in a continuum of symptoms, while explanation of variance was low. A belief in a continuum of symptoms was related to more pro-social reactions and less social distance. This study indicates that emphasizing aspects of a continuum of symptoms should be considered within the disorder model of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Speerforck
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Susanne Stolzenburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Hertel
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maria Strauß
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Psychiatry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Sancassiani F, Preti A, Cacace E, Ruggiero V, Testa G, Romano F, Carta MG. Alexithymia and sense of coherence: Does their impact on fibromyalgia suggest new targets for therapy? Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 59:78-79. [PMID: 30638611 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - A Preti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Cacace
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - V Ruggiero
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Testa
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Romano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy
| | - M G Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
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31
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Carta MG, Said M, Piras M, Moro MF. [An evolutionist approach of mood disorders from a transcultural perspective]. Encephale 2019; 45:530-532. [PMID: 30879780 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this paper is to verify if traits and symptoms defined as pathological and maladjusted in certain contexts may produce adaptive effects in other contexts, especially if they occur in sub-threshold forms. METHODS A historical examination of how the symptoms of depression have changed in front of great social changes and an analysis of Sardinian migrants' thymic profiles toward several metropolises. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Mood disorders have been increasing since the "English malady" in the 17th century, and we suppose that some forms of mood disorders might have an adaptive advantage. Otherwise, the increase of such an epidemic would have been self-limited. From a sociobiological point of view, it is highly probable that the environment of a rapidly evolving society can select people who are explorers and able to support accelerated biorhythms and that the condition of social change stimulates psychological and psychopathologic changes. It is also possible that hyperthymic persons modulate and create the new environment. If this model can explain the epidemic of mood disorders, its verification should guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italie
| | - M Said
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - M Piras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italie
| | - M F Moro
- Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, United States
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32
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Raballo A, Cicero DC, Kerns JG, Sanna S, Pintus M, Agartz I, Pintus E, Corrias I, Lai V, Petretto DR, Carta MG, Preti A. Tracking salience in young people: A psychometric field test of the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI). Early Interv Psychiatry 2019; 13:64-72. [PMID: 28719056 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the prevalence of Aberrant Salience (AS, an alleged experiential feature of psychosis-proneness) in Italian young people and corroborate the transcultural validity of the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI). METHODS Young adults attending an Italian university (n = 649) underwent serial evaluations with the ASI together with psychometric proxies for help seeking General Health Questionnaire and attenuated positive and negative symptoms Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The distribution of ASI scores was explored with latent class analysis (LCA). RESULTS Reliability of the Italian version of the ASI (I-ASI) was acceptable for all subscales (ordinal alpha >.70). Concurrent validity was in the expected direction, with higher correlations with measures of attenuated positive symptoms vs negative symptoms of psychosis (Steigers' z test, P < .005 in all comparisons). LCA identified three classes, with 217 (33.4%) participants in the "high aberrant salience" class. Gender and age were not related to class membership. Compared to the baseline class, SPQ scores in the schizotypy range were more likely in the "high aberrant salience" class (OR = 39.1; 95%confidence interval: 5.30-288.1). CONCLUSION AS is a relatively common experience among Italian young people. The study also confirmed the validity of field-testing ASI as a tool for the real-world characterization of people with vulnerability to psychosis, such as symptomatic help seekers with clinical high-risk states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Raballo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Diakonjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - John G Kerns
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Sara Sanna
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirra Pintus
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Diakonjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisa Pintus
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Irene Corrias
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Veronica Lai
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Rita Petretto
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, Genneruxi Medical Center, Cagliari, Italy
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Carta MG. Quality-Rights: Enhancing Participation to Improve Citizenship and human rights of people with psychosocial disabilities. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- MG Carta
- University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Preti A, Raballo A, Kotzalidis GD, Scanu R, Muratore T, Gabbrielli M, Tronci D, Masala C, Petretto DR, Carta MG. Quick Identification of the Risk of Psychosis: The Italian Version of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:120-131. [PMID: 29997679 PMCID: PMC5971201 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diagnosing people during the prodromal phase of an incipient psychosis can improve the chance of better outcome. In busy clinical settings, the ideal tool is a brief, easy-to-complete self-report questionnaire. Objective: To test the psychometric properties of the Italian version of one of the most used screening tools for the identification of the risk of psychosis, the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B). Methods: Cross-sectional design. A convenience sample of college students was enrolled via snowball procedure (n=243; men: 45%). After understanding and signing the consent form, the participants received a booklet containing the following questionnaires: the 21-item Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief (PQ-B); the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and the 74-item Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the capacity of the PQ-B to identify individuals at risk of psychosis as independently defined based on the combination of GHQ-12 and SPQ thresholds. Results: The Italian version of the PQ-B revealed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and adequate convergent and divergent validity. The Youden method retrieved a cut-off = 7 for the PQ-B frequency score and a cut-off = 22 for the PQ-B distress score. Both PQ-B scores had a perfect (99%) negative predictive value. Conclusion: The PQ-B is a promising screening tool in two-stage protocols. The major advantage of the PQ-B is to exclude cases that are unlikely to be at risk of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Preti
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Genneruxi Medical Center, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Raballo
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Development Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Georgios D Kotzalidis
- NESMOS Department, Sapienza University, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Scanu
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tamara Muratore
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mersia Gabbrielli
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Debora Tronci
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carmelo Masala
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Rita Petretto
- Section on Clinical Psychology, Department of Education, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics, University Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Carta MG, Preti A, Akiskal HS. Coping with the New Era: Noise and Light Pollution, Hperactivity and Steroid Hormones. Towards an Evolutionary View of Bipolar Disorders. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018. [PMID: 29541149 PMCID: PMC5838624 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human population is increasing in immense cities with millions of inhabitants, in which life is expected to run 24 hours a day for seven days a week (24/7). Noise and light pollution are the most reported consequences, with a profound impact on sleep patterns and circadian biorhythms. Disruption of sleep and biorhythms has severe consequences on many metabolic pathways. Suppression of melatonin incretion at night and the subsequent effect on DNA methylation may increase the risk of prostate and breast cancer. A negative impact of light pollution on neurosteroids may also affect mood. People who carry the genetic risk of bipolar disorder may be at greater risk of full-blown bipolar disorder because of the impact of noise and light pollution on sleep patterns and circadian biorhythms. However, living in cities may also offers opportunities and might be selective for people with hyperthymic temperament, who may find themselves advantaged by increased energy prompted by increased stimulation produced by life in big cities. This might result in the spreading of the genetic risk of bipolar disorder in the coming decades. In this perspective the burden of poor quality of life, increased disability adjusted life years and premature mortality due to the increases of mood disorders is the negative side of a phenomenon that in its globality also shows adaptive aspects. The new lifestyle also influences those who adapt and show behaviors, reactions and responses that might resemble the disorder, but are on the adaptive side.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Carta
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Preti
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Sancassiani F, Carta MG, Montisci R, Preti A, Machado S, Moro MF, Marchetti MF, Meloni L. Takotsubo Syndrome is Associated with Mood Disorders and Antidepressants Use, not with Anxiety and Impairment of Quality of Life Due to the Psychiatric Disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:26-32. [PMID: 29541148 PMCID: PMC5838620 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to study the association between mood and anxiety disorders and the Tako-Tsubo Syndrome (TTS) and to determine the role of antidepressants and the impairment of quality of life due the comorbid psychiatric disorder. METHODS Case-control study: 19 consecutive patients (17 female) with TTS compared to 76 controls without TTS, were randomly selected from the database of a nationwide epidemiological study after matching (gender, age and residence) by controls. Psychiatric diagnoses were carried out according to the ICD-10 using semi-structured interview tools (ANTAS-SCID) administered by clinical staff. Quality of Life (Qol) was assessed by means of SF-12. RESULTS Only Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) showed higher frequencies in cases with statistical significance difference (p=0.014) as well as at least one Mood Disorder Diagnosis [MDD or BD] (p=0.002). The lifetime prevalence of at least one anxiety disorder with no comorbid mood disorder did not show a higher frequency in cases (p=0.57).The score at SF-12 in the TTS group was similar to those of controls (p=0.71)In the TTS group, the score at SF-12 in people with one mood or anxiety diagnosis (N=7) was similar to those without mood or anxiety diagnosis (p=0.75). The use of antidepressants was higher in TTS group (15.79% vs 1.31%; p=0.030). CONCLUSION The study shows an association between TTS with depressive disorders and antidepressants use and does not confirm the association with anxiety syndromes. The study suggests the need to investigate the possible interactions between antidepressants use and mood disorders in studies with appropriate design and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Montisci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Preti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Maria F. Moro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria F. Marchetti
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Meloni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Angermeyer MC, Carta MG, Holzinger A, Matschinger H. The diffusion of the diagnostic term bipolar disorder among the German public. Psychiatry Res 2018; 260:75-77. [PMID: 29175502 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2005, 15 years after the introduction of the diagnosis in DSM-III, a telephone survey in Germany revealed that the public was still unfamiliar with the term bipolar disorder. Only 5.3% of those questioned knew at the time that it denotes a mental illness. In the meantime, efforts have been made to spread the concept among the public. In the media there has been increasing mention of the disorder. Another telephone survey in 2017 showed that familiarity with the diagnostic term has grown substantially. 54.0% of respondents now connected the term bipolar disorder with a mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Herbert Matschinger
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Germany; Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Germany
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Kirilov I, Atzeni M, Perra A, Moro D, Carta MG. Active Aging and Elderly's Quality of Life: Comparing the Impact on Literature of Projects Funded by the European Union and USA. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2018; 14:1-5. [PMID: 29492097 PMCID: PMC5814948 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901814010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: The objective of this research is to verify whether European projects on Active Aging (AA) and Elderly Quality of Life (Qol) funded by the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) produce an impact on literature similar to projects funded by the National Health Institute (NHI) of the United States on international literature using well-known bibliometric indicators. This effort may be useful in developing standardized and replicable procedures. Methods: Fifteen randomly selected projects on AA and Elderly Qol concluded in August 2017 and funded by FP7 were compared to similar projects funded by the US NHI with reference to papers published (Scopus and Scholar), papers published in Q1 journals, and the number of citations of the papers linked to the projects. Results: In all the indicators considered, the European projects showed no difference with the US NHI projects. Conclusions: The EU-funded AA and Qol Elderly projects have an impact on scientific literature comparable to projects funded in the United States by the NHI Agency. Our results are consistent with the data on general medical research, which indicates that, European research remains at a high level of competitiveness. In this experimental study, our methodology appeared to be convincing and reliable and it could be applied to the extent of the impact of more extensive research areas. Our research did not evaluate the relationship between funding required by research and scientific productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kirilov
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Atzeni
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Perra
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D Moro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M G Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Mura G, Carta MG, Sancassiani F, Machado S, Prosperini L. Active exergames to improve cognitive functioning in neurological disabilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2017; 54:450-462. [PMID: 29072042 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.17.04680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exergames represent a way to perform physical activity through active video games, serving as potentially useful tool in the field of neurorehabilitation. However, little is known regarding the possible role of exergames in improving cognitive functions in persons suffering from neurological disabilities. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, PEDro, and Google Scholar. Only randomized controlled studies and non-randomized but controlled studies were retained. The following additional inclusion criteria were applied: studies focused on physical activity interventions carried out by means of exergames; populations targeted were affected by neurological disabilities; and reported results were related to cognitive outcomes. We calculated standardized mean differences (SMD) and pooled results using a random effects meta-analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Of 520 abstracts screened, thirteen studies met the criteria to be included yielding a total of 465 participants, 233 randomized to exergames, and 232 allocated to the alternative or no intervention. The included studies varied in terms of studied populations (e.g., multiple sclerosis, post-stroke hemiparesis, Parkinson's disease, dementia, dyslexia, Down syndrome), type and duration of interventions, and cognitive outcome measures. Exergames significantly improved executive functions (SMD=0.53, P=0.005; 8 studies, N.=380) and visuo-spatial perception (SMD=0.65, P<0.0001; 5 studies, N.=209) when compared to the alternative or no intervention. There were no significant differences for attention (SMD=0.57, P=0.07; 7 studies, N.=250) and global cognition (SMD=0.05, P=0.80; 6 studies, N.=161). CONCLUSIONS Exergames are a highly-flexible tool for rehabilitation of both cognitive and motor functions in adult populations suffering from various neurological disabilities and developmental neurological disorders. Additional high-quality clinical trials with larger samples and more specific cognitive outcomes are needed to corroborate these preliminary findings. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Exergames could be considered either as a supplemental treatment to conventional rehabilitation, or as strategy to extend benefits of conventional programs at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Mura
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy -
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Luca Prosperini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,Unit of Neurology, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Carta MG, Preti A, Portoghese I, Pisanu E, Moro D, Pintus M, Pintus E, Perra A, D’Oca S, Atzeni M, Campagna M, Pascolo EF, Sancassiani F, Finco G, D’Aloja E, Grassi L. Risk for Depression, Burnout and Low Quality of Life Among Personnel of a University Hospital in Italy is a Consequence of the Impact One Economic Crisis in the Welfare System? Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:156-167. [PMID: 29238392 PMCID: PMC5712646 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research literature suggests that burnout, depression, and a low mental quality of life (QOL) are common among health care workers. Economic crisis might have increased the burden of burnout, depression and low QOL in health care workers. OBJECTIVES To identify depression risk, burnout levels, and quality of life in a sample of workers of an Italian university hospital. METHOD Cross sectional study with comparison with two community surveys database results (n = 2000 and 1500, respectively). Overall, 522 workers accepted to take part in the study, representing a 78% response rate (out of 669 individuals). RESULTS The frequency of positivity at the screener for Major Depressive Disorder among health care workers was more than double than that in the standardized community sample (33.3% vs 14.1%, p<0.0001). All professionals, except the administrative staff and technicians (i.e. those who do not have contact with patients), showed a statistically higher frequency of positivity for depressive episodes compared to the controls. Among the medical staff, the highest risk was found in the surgeon units, while the lowest one was in the laboratories. Surgeons also were those most exposed to high risk of burnout, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. CONCLUSION Since burnout is linked to patient safety and quality of patient care, and contribute to medical errors, dedicated interventions aimed at reducing poor mental health and low quality of life in medical staff are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- MG Carta
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Preti
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - I Portoghese
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Pisanu
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D Moro
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Pintus
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Pintus
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - A Perra
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - S D’Oca
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Atzeni
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Campagna
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - E Fabrici Pascolo
- School of Psychiatric Reabilitation Tecnicians, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Sancassiani
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - G Finco
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - E D’Aloja
- Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Grassi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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de Sá AS, Campos C, Rocha NBF, Yuan TF, Paes F, Arias-Carrión O, Carta MG, Nardi AE, Cheniaux E, Machado S. Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder: Abnormalities on Cognitive and Cortical Functioning and Biomarker Levels. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2017; 15:713-22. [PMID: 26996165 DOI: 10.2174/1871527315666160321111359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) affects 1 to 1.5% of the world population and consists of at least one manic episode (or hypomanic) associated with depressive episodes, interspersed with periods of euthymic mood. Recurrent crises lead to significant disability in BD patients, and correlates negatively to social and occupational adjustment. Such disability can be explained by a series of events, such as cortical and altered metabolic activity, impairments in cognitive functions, and in core anatomical structures involved in mood modulation. Therefore, our review aims to provide information on the current research related to the pathophysiology of BD. We will review the cognitive and brain functioning, and biomarkers of BD. The current literature shows that cognitive deficits are commonly observed in all phases in BD patients, independent of a remissive state. These deficits are assigned to functional, structural and metabolic changes, particularly in the pre-frontal cortex region, hippocampus and amygdala, along with the connections between them, as well as decreased baseline brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels or imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, implying a lower physical ability to reestablish from a stressful stimulus. BD patients effectively present a differentiated pattern of cortical, neuroanatomical and functional responses. It is suggested that physiological processes occur differently in bipolar subjects compared to healthy individuals, affecting behavior and brain function in such patients. Future directions are yet necessary to establish the best way to neutralize or reverse these events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sergio Machado
- Panic and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry (IPUB) - Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abstract
Depressive disorders occur in up to 50% of people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). Prevalence estimates are generally 2-3-times higher than those of the general population. Myriad aetiologic factors may contribute to the aetiology of depression in MS including biological mechanisms (e.g. hippocampal microglial activation, lesion burden, regional atrophy), as well as the stressors, threats, and losses that accompany living with an unpredictable and often disabling disease. Some prominent risk factors for depression such as (younger) age, (female) sex, and family history of depression are less consistently associated with depression in MS than they are in the general population. Management of depression in MS has not been well studied, but available data on detection and treatment align with general principles of depression management. While the validity of standard measurement scales has often been questioned, available evidence suggests that standard scales provide valid ratings. Evidence for the effectiveness of depression treatments in MS is limited, but available evidence supports the effectiveness of standard treatment approaches, including both cognitive behavioural therapies and antidepressant medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Patten
- a Department of Community Health Sciences , University of Calgary, Calgary , Alberta , Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- b Department of Internal Medicine (Neurology) , University of Manitoba , Manitoba , Canada.,c Department of Community Health Sciences , University of Manitoba , Manitoba , Canada
| | - Mauro G Carta
- d Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health , Quality of Care, University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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Abstract
Wilson's disease (WD) is a relatively rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder causing copper accumulation in different organs, mainly the liver and brain. Psychiatric disturbances represent a diagnostic and therapeutic issue in WD. A search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar, for papers focused on psychiatric disorders in WD published between 1985-2016. Ninety-two articles were included in this review, showing the findings from 35 observational and case-control studies and 57 case reports. This study discussed the findings on the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in WD, their impact on the life of those diagnosed, and the efficacy of available treatments on the psychiatric outcomes of WD. Psychiatric disorders are confirmed frequent in WD, with a high prevalence of mood disorders, and contribute to worse Quality-of-Life and psychosocial outcomes. Because specific therapies for WD lead to a good life expectancy, adherence to medicaments and clinical monitoring should be warranted by a multidisciplinary approach, including a hepathologic, neurologic, and psychiatric careful evaluation and education of those affected and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Mura
- a Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Paula C Zimbrean
- b Department of Psychiatry and Surgery (Transplant) , Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Luigi Demelia
- a Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
| | - Mauro G Carta
- a Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health , University of Cagliari , Cagliari , Italy
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Carta MG, Perra A, Atzeni M, D'Oca S, Moro MF, Kurotschka PK, Moro D, Sancassiani F, Minerba L, Brasesco MV, Mausel G, Nardi AE, Tondo L. An evolutionary approach to mania studying Sardinian immigrants to Argentina. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:147-153. [PMID: 28300934 PMCID: PMC7111436 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To ascertain lifetime prevalence of positivity to a screening questionnaire for bipolar disorders (BD) in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and residents of Sardinia and assess whether such positivity affects quality of life (QoL) in either group. Our hypothesis is that screen positivity for BD may be more frequent in immigrants. Methods: Observational study. Subjects were randomly selected from the membership lists of associations of Sardinian immigrants in Argentina. A study carried out in Sardinia using the same methodology was used for comparison. The Mood Disorder Questionnaire was used to screen for mania/hypomania and the Short-Form Health Survey-12 to measure QoL. Results: A higher prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes was found in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina (p < 0.0001; odds ratio = 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.87-4.77). Positivity at screening was associated with a lower QoL both in Sardinian immigrants to Argentina and in residents of Sardinia. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show a higher lifetime prevalence of manic/hypomanic episodes in a general-population sample of individuals who migrated to a foreign country. Our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that hyperactive/novelty-seeking features may represent an adaptive substrate in certain conditions of social change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro G Carta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Perra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michela Atzeni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Oca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria F Moro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.,Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter K Kurotschka
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniela Moro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Sancassiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Minerba
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanitè Pubblica, Universitè degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria V Brasesco
- Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad del Museo Social Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Mausel
- Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad del Museo Social Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio E Nardi
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (IPUB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Tondo
- Centro Lucio Bini Cagliari and Centro Lucio Bini Roma, Italy.,Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Angermeyer MC, van der Auwera S, Carta MG, Schomerus G. Public attitudes towards psychiatry and psychiatric treatment at the beginning of the 21st century: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population surveys. World Psychiatry 2017; 16:50-61. [PMID: 28127931 PMCID: PMC5269489 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Public attitudes towards psychiatry are crucial determinants of help-seeking for mental illness. It has been argued that psychiatry as a discipline enjoys low esteem among the public, and a "crisis" of psychiatry has been noted. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies examining public attitudes towards various aspects of psychiatric care. Our search in PubMed, Web of Science, PsychINFO and bibliographies yielded 162 papers based on population surveys conducted since 2000 and published no later than 2015. We found that professional help for mental disorders generally enjoys high esteem. While general practitioners are the preferred source of help for depression, mental health professionals are the most trusted helpers for schizophrenia. If respondents have to rank sources of help, they tend to favor mental health professionals, while open questions yield results more favorable to general practitioners. Psychiatrists and psychologists/psychotherapists are equally recommended for the treatment of schizophrenia, while for depression psychologists/psychotherapists are more recommended, at least in Europe and America. Psychotherapy is consistently preferred over medication. Attitudes towards seeking help from psychiatrists or psychologists/psychotherapists as well as towards medication and psychotherapy have markedly improved over the last twenty-five years. Biological concepts of mental illness are associated with stronger approval of psychiatric help, particularly medication. Self-stigma and negative attitudes towards persons with mental illness decrease the likelihood of personally considering psychiatric help. In conclusion, the public readily recommends psychiatric help for the treatment of mental disorders. Psychotherapy is the most popular method of psychiatric treatment. A useful strategy to further improve the public image of psychiatry could be to stress that listening and understanding are at the core of psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C. Angermeyer
- Center for Public Mental HealthGösing am WagramAustria,Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | | | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder (BD) is a public health issue; it is one of the leading causes of disability and its late diagnosis heightens the impact of the condition. Screening tools for early detection could be extremely useful. METHODS Narrative review on screening of BD. RESULTS Screening questionnaires have high sensitivity but relatively low specificity if DSM diagnoses are taken as the "gold standard". Critics maintain that an excess of false positives makes such tools unnecessary for identifying cases and of little use in screening studies consisting of two phases. However, "positive" screening was frequently homogeneous with BD in terms of gender, age, level of distress, low social functioning and employment rate, comorbidity with alcohol and substance abuse, heavy recourse to health care, use of mood stabilizers and antidepressants, risk of suicide attempts, and high recurrence of depressive episodes. While none of these components is pathognomonic of BD, their co-occurrence could identify subthreshold "cases". The studies reviewed found positivity at screening to be associated with impaired quality of life, even without BD and independently of comorbidity. Patients with a neurological disease and positive at screening show homogenous brain lesions, different from those of patients screening negative. CONCLUSIONS The results are coherent with the hypothesis that positivity identifies a bipolar spectrum of clinical and public health interest, including sub-threshold bipolar cases, which do not fulfil the diagnostic criteria for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Carta
- Chair of Quality of Care and Applied Medical Technologies, Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - J Angst
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Lindert
- 1 University of Emden, Emden, Germany 2 WRSC, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Ingo Schäfer
- 4 University Hospital Hamburg, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard F Mollica
- 5 Harvard Program in Refugee Trauma, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Angermeyer MC, Carta MG, Matschinger H, Millier A, Refaï T, Schomerus G, Toumi M. Cultural differences in stigma surrounding schizophrenia: comparison between Central Europe and North Africa. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 208:389-97. [PMID: 26585098 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring cultural differences may improve understanding about the social processes underlying the stigmatisation of people with mental illness. AIMS To compare public beliefs and attitudes about schizophrenia in Central Europe and North Africa. METHOD Representative national population surveys conducted in Germany (2011) and in Tunisia (2012), using the same interview mode (face to face) and the same fully structured interview. RESULTS In Tunisia, respondents showed a stronger tendency to hold the person with schizophrenia responsible for the condition. At the same time they expressed more prosocial reactions and less fear than their German counterparts. In Germany, the desire for social distance was greater for more distant relationships, whereas in Tunisia this was the case for close, family-related relationships. CONCLUSIONS Stigma differs between Tunisia and Germany more in form than in magnitude. It manifests particularly in those social roles which 'matter most' to people within a given culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Angermeyer
- Matthias C. Angermeyer, MD, Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria and Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Mauro G. Carta, MD, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Herbert Matschinger, PhD, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Aurélie Millier, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France; Tarek Refaï, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du lac, Tunisia; Georg Schomerus, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald and HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany; Mondher Toumi, PhD, University of Lyon I, Villeurbane, France
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Matthias C. Angermeyer, MD, Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria and Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Mauro G. Carta, MD, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Herbert Matschinger, PhD, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Aurélie Millier, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France; Tarek Refaï, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du lac, Tunisia; Georg Schomerus, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald and HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany; Mondher Toumi, PhD, University of Lyon I, Villeurbane, France
| | - Herbert Matschinger
- Matthias C. Angermeyer, MD, Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria and Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Mauro G. Carta, MD, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Herbert Matschinger, PhD, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Aurélie Millier, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France; Tarek Refaï, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du lac, Tunisia; Georg Schomerus, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald and HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany; Mondher Toumi, PhD, University of Lyon I, Villeurbane, France
| | - Aurélie Millier
- Matthias C. Angermeyer, MD, Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria and Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Mauro G. Carta, MD, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Herbert Matschinger, PhD, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Aurélie Millier, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France; Tarek Refaï, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du lac, Tunisia; Georg Schomerus, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald and HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany; Mondher Toumi, PhD, University of Lyon I, Villeurbane, France
| | - Tarek Refaï
- Matthias C. Angermeyer, MD, Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria and Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Mauro G. Carta, MD, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Herbert Matschinger, PhD, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Aurélie Millier, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France; Tarek Refaï, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du lac, Tunisia; Georg Schomerus, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald and HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany; Mondher Toumi, PhD, University of Lyon I, Villeurbane, France
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Matthias C. Angermeyer, MD, Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria and Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Mauro G. Carta, MD, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Herbert Matschinger, PhD, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Aurélie Millier, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France; Tarek Refaï, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du lac, Tunisia; Georg Schomerus, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald and HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany; Mondher Toumi, PhD, University of Lyon I, Villeurbane, France
| | - Mondher Toumi
- Matthias C. Angermeyer, MD, Center for Public Mental Health, Gösing am Wagram, Austria and Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Mauro G. Carta, MD, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Herbert Matschinger, PhD, Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Aurélie Millier, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Paris, France; Tarek Refaï, PhD, Creativ-Ceutical, Les Berges du lac, Tunisia; Georg Schomerus, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald and HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany; Mondher Toumi, PhD, University of Lyon I, Villeurbane, France
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Machado S, Lattari E, Paes F, Rocha NB, Nardi AE, Arias-Carrión O, Mura G, Yuan TF, Carta MG, Campos C. Mental Practice Combined with Motor Rehabilitation to Treat Upper Limb Hemiparesis of Post-Stroke Patients: Clinical and Experimental Evidence. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2016; 12:9-13. [PMID: 27346996 PMCID: PMC4797678 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901612010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the major causes of disability in the world. Due to the extended lifetime of the world's population, the number of people affected by stroke has increased substantially over the last years. Stroke may lead to sensorimotor deficits, usually causing hemiplegia or hemiparesia. In order to reduce motor deficits and accelerate functional recovery, MP combined with motor rehabilitation was introduced to the rehabilitation process of post-stroke patients. Evidence has shown that MP combining with motor rehabilitation based on activities of daily living was more effective than conventional motor rehabilitation used per se. This combination proved very useful and effective, with significant results in improvement of motor deficits in post-stroke patients. However, further studies must be conducted to determine specific parameters, such as type of imagery, frequency or duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lattari
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Flávia Paes
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nuno B.F. Rocha
- Polytechnic Institute of Porto, School of Allied Health Sciences, Portugal
| | - Antonio E. Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Unidad de Trastornos de Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez, Secretaria de Salud México DF, México
| | - Gioia Mura
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University Nanjing, China
| | - Mauro G. Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlos Campos
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Angermeyer MC, Van der Auwera S, Matschinger H, Carta MG, Baumeister SE, Schomerus G. The public debate on psychotropic medication and changes in attitudes 1990-2011. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 266:165-72. [PMID: 26615405 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 25 years, the appraisal of psychotropic drugs within the scientific community and their representation in the media has changed considerably. The initial optimism in the wake of the introduction of second-generation drugs has increasingly made room for a more critical evaluation of alleged advantages of these drugs. The question arises as to what extent this is reflected in similar changes in the public's attitudes towards psychiatric medication. Three representative population surveys on attitudes towards psychotropic medication were carried out in Germany in 1990 (N = 3075), 2001 (N = 2610) and 2011 (N = 1223), using the same sampling procedure, interview mode and instrument for assessing attitudes. In order to disentangle time-related effects, an age-period-cohort analysis was performed. Over the time period of 21 years, the German public's evaluation of psychotropic medication has become markedly more favourable. This change was mostly due to a period effect, i.e. concurrent influences of the social environment people are exposed to. Changes were much more pronounced in the 1990s, while over the following decade only a small, although statistically significant, increase in the favourable appraisal of medication was found. Age and birth cohort had only a minor effect on public attitudes. Our findings suggest that changes in the evaluation of the effects of psychotropic drugs within the psychiatric community and their representation in the media also affect public opinion. Given the ongoing debate about side effects and efficacy of psychiatric medication, future changes of public opinion can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Angermeyer
- Center for Public Mental Health, Untere Zeile 13, 3482, Gösing am Wagram, Austria. .,Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cittadella, Universitaria asse didattica E, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Herbert Matschinger
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mauro G Carta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cittadella, Universitaria asse didattica E, Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Sebastian E Baumeister
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Schomerus
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medicine Greifswald, Ellernholzstr. 1-2, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Große Parower Str. 47, 18435, Stralsund, Germany
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