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Singla N, Joshi M, Amerasekera S, Choudhary S. Applications of dual-energy CT in acute musculoskeletal and trauma imaging-a review. Skeletal Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00256-024-04676-6. [PMID: 38587617 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in computed tomography have resulted in new applications of CT scans in musculoskeletal imaging. Dual-energy CT technology involves the acquisition of data at high and low kilovolts, allowing differentiation and quantification of materials with different X-ray absorption. Newer CT scanners with a variety of post-processing options allow interesting applications of dual-energy CT in musculoskeletal and trauma imaging. This article provides an overview of the basic principles and physics of DECT. We review applications of DECT in the evaluation of the acute painful joint with suspicion of gout, metal artefact reduction in the prosthetic joint and in imaging of patients following major trauma. We present a review of literature and case examples to illustrate the strengths and limitations of this modality in the diagnosis of acute musculoskeletal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Singla
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
- Whipps Cross University Hospital, London, UK.
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2
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Jardon M, Fritz J, Samim M. Imaging approach to prosthetic joint infection. Skeletal Radiol 2023:10.1007/s00256-023-04546-7. [PMID: 38133670 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains challenging, despite multiple available laboratory tests for both serum and synovial fluid analysis. The clinical symptoms of PJI are not always characteristic, particularly in the chronic phase, and there is often significant overlap in symptoms with non-infectious forms of arthroplasty failure. Further exacerbating this challenge is lack of a universally accepted definition for PJI, with publications from multiple professional societies citing different diagnostic criteria. While not included in many of the major societies' guidelines for diagnosis of PJI, diagnostic imaging can play an important role in the workup of suspected PJI. In this article, we will review an approach to diagnostic imaging modalities (radiography, ultrasound, CT, MRI) in the workup of suspected PJI, with special attention to the limitations and benefits of each modality. We will also discuss the role that image-guided interventions play in the workup of these patients, through ultrasound and fluoroscopically guided joint aspirations. While there is no standard imaging algorithm that can universally applied to all patients with suspected PJI, we will discuss a general approach to diagnostic imaging and image-guided intervention in this clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Jardon
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jan Fritz
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad Samim
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Lim HK, Choi YJ, Song IS, Lee JH. Retrospective evaluation of the clinical utility of reconstructed computed tomography images using artificial intelligence in the oral and maxillofacial region. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2023; 51:543-550. [PMID: 37574384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to convert medical images stored in 3 mm slices in the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) to 1 mm slices, using artificial intelligence (AI), and to analyze the accuracy of the AI. The original 1.0 mm CT slices of the facial bone were obtained from 30 patients and reformatted to a rough CT slice of 3.0 mm. CT slices of 1.0 mm were subsequently reconstructed from those of 3.0 mm using AI. The AI and rough CT images were superimposed on the original CT images. Fourteen hard-tissue and five soft-tissue landmarks were selected for measuring the discrepancy. The overall average differences in values for the hard-tissue landmarks were 1.31 ± 0.38 mm and 0.81 ± 0.17 mm for the rough and AI CT images, respectively. The values for the soft-tissue landmarks were 1.18 ± 0.35 mm and 0.54 ± 0.17 mm for the rough and AI CT images, respectively. The differences for all the landmarks, excluding point A and pogonion, were statistically significant. Within the limitations of the study it seems that CT images reconstructed using AI might provide more accurate clinical information with a discrepancy of less than 1.0 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyung Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In-Seok Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jee-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
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4
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Mohammadinejad P, Khandelwal A, Inoue A, Takahashi H, Yalon M, Long Z, Halaweish AF, Leng S, Yu L, Lee YS, McCollough CH, Fletcher JG. Utility of an automatic adaptive iterative metal artifact reduction AiMAR algorithm in improving CT imaging of patients with hip prostheses evaluated for suspected bladder malignancy. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:2158-2167. [PMID: 35320381 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03475-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the utility of a novel metal artifact reduction algorithm to standard imaging in improving visualization of key structures, diagnostic confidence, and patient-level confidence in malignancy in patients with suspected bladder cancer. METHODS Patients with hip implants undergoing CT urography for suspected bladder malignancy were enrolled. Images were reconstructed using 3 methods: (1) Filtered Back Projection (FBP), (2) Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction (iMAR), and (3) Adaptive Iterative Metal Artifact Reduction (AiMAR) strength 4. In multiple reading sessions, three radiologists graded visualization of critical anatomic structures and artifact severity (6-point scales, lower scores desirable), and diagnostic confidence in blinded fashion. They also graded patient-level confidence in malignancy based on imaging findings in each patient. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (8 females) with a mean age of 74.5 ± 8.5 years were included. The median (range) visualization scores for FBP, iMAR, and AiMAR were 3.6 (1.1-4.9), 1.6 (0.3-2.8), and 1.6 (0.3-2.6), respectively. Both iMAR and AiMAR had anatomic visualization and artifact scores better than FBP (P < 0.001 for both) and similar to each other (P > 0.05). Structures with the most improvement in visualization score with the use of metal artifact reduction algorithms included the obturator internus muscle, internal and external iliac nodal chains, and vagina. iMAR and AiMAR improved diagnostic confidence (P < 0.001) and patient-level confidence in malignancy (P ≤ 0.24). CONCLUSION For patients with hip prostheses and suspected bladder malignancy, the use of iMAR or AiMAR was shown to significantly reduce metal artifacts, thus improving diagnostic confidence and patient-level confidence in malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Mohammadinejad
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ashish Khandelwal
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Akitoshi Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hiroaki Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mariana Yalon
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zaiyang Long
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ahmed F Halaweish
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA, 40 Liberty Boulevard, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Shuai Leng
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lifeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yong S Lee
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cynthia H McCollough
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Joel G Fletcher
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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5
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Selles M, Stuivenberg VH, Wellenberg RHH, van de Riet L, Nijholt IM, van Osch JAC, van Hamersvelt RW, Leiner T, Boomsma MF. Quantitative analysis of metal artifact reduction in total hip arthroplasty using virtual monochromatic imaging and orthopedic metal artifact reduction, a phantom study. Insights Imaging 2021; 12:171. [PMID: 34817722 PMCID: PMC8613319 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-021-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To quantify metal artifact reduction using 130 keV virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) with and without orthopedic metal artifact reduction (O-MAR) in total hip arthroplasty. Methods Conventional polychromatic images and 130 keV VMI of a phantom with pellets representing bone with unilateral or bilateral prostheses were reconstructed with and without O-MAR on a dual-layer CT. Pellets were categorized as unaffected, mildly affected and severely affected. Results When 130 keV VMI with O-MAR was compared to conventional imaging with O-MAR, a relative metal artifact reduction in CT values, contrast-to-noise (CNR), signal-to-noise (SNR) and noise in mildly affected pellets (67%, 74%, 48%, 68%, respectively; p < 0.05) was observed but no significant relative metal artifact reduction in severely affected pellets. Comparison between 130 keV VMI without O-MAR and conventional imaging with O-MAR showed relative metal artifact reduction in CT values, CNR, SNR and noise in mildly affected pellets (92%, 72%, 38%, 51%, respectively; p < 0.05) but negative relative metal artifact reduction in CT values and noise in severely affected pellets (− 331% and -223%, respectively; p < 0.05), indicating aggravation of metal artifacts. Conclusion Overall, VMI of 130 keV with O-MAR provided the strongest metal artifact reduction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13244-021-01111-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Selles
- Department of Radiology, Isala, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Ruud H H Wellenberg
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Loes van de Riet
- Department of Radiology, Isala, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Nijholt
- Department of Radiology, Isala, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tim Leiner
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Privalov M, Beisemann N, Swartman B, Vetter SY, Grützner PA, Franke J, Keil H. First experiences with intraoperative CT in navigated sacroiliac (SI) instrumentation: An analysis of 25 cases and comparison with conventional intraoperative 2D and 3D imaging. Injury 2021; 52:2730-2737. [PMID: 32113742 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoperative imaging is regularly used for intraoperative reduction control and evaluation of the implant position in trauma surgery. 2D imaging is limited, especially in complex anatomical regions such as the pelvis. The introduction of mobile 3D C-arms (CBCT: cone-beam computed tomography) has significantly improved intraoperative assessment. Nevertheless, there are still limitations regarding the field of view and metal artifacts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) in surgical treatment of sacroiliac (SI) injuries. METHODS Twenty-five cases with injuries of the posterior pelvic ring involving the SI region that were surgically treated with navigated SI screws using the mobile iCT Airo (Brainlab, Munich, Germany) were analysed. Subsequently, the data were compared with historical control groups (CBCT with and without navigation; 2D fluoroscopy only). RESULTS The average score for subjective image quality achieved using the Likert scale is significantly higher for the iCT (4.48 ± 0.65) than for the CBCT (3.04 ± 0.69) with p = 0.00. The average duration of surgery using iCT was 189.32 ± 88.64 min, which was not significantly different from the control groups (p = 0.14 - 0.70). The average fluoroscopy time using iCT was 81.96 ± 97.34 s, which was significantly shorter than in all of the control groups (p = 0.00 - 0.03). The rate for postoperatively detected complications after using iCT was 0% (n = 0). Compared with the 2D-only control group (25%; n = 1), there is a significant difference (p = 0.01). The remaining two control groups showed no significant differences (p = 0.09 - 0.19). CONCLUSIONS The iCT provides excellent image quality that allows reliable assessment of fracture reduction and implant placement even in complex anatomical regions. The radiation exposure for the medical staff is reduced by decreasing the fluoroscopy time without significantly prolonging the surgical time. Overall, the possibility of intraoperative correction improves clinical outcome and patient treatment in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Privalov
- Department for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Nils Beisemann
- Department for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Benedict Swartman
- Department for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sven Y Vetter
- Department for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Paul A Grützner
- Department for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jochen Franke
- Department for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Holger Keil
- Department for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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7
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Metal artefact reduction of different alloys with dual energy computed tomography (DECT). Sci Rep 2021; 11:2211. [PMID: 33500471 PMCID: PMC7838173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the influence of dual-energy CT (DECT) and Virtual monochromatic spectral (VMS) imaging on: (1) the artefact size of geometrically identical orthopaedic implants consisting of three different compositions and (2) the image quality of the surrounding bone, three similar phantoms—each featuring one femoral stem composed of either titanium, chrome-cobalt or stainless steel surrounded by five calcium pellets (200 mg hydroxyapatite/calcium carbonate) to simulate bony tissue and one reference pellet located away from the femoral stem—were built. DECT with two sequential scans (80 kVp and 140 kVp; scan-to-scan technique) was performed, and VMS images were calculated between 40 and 190 keV. The artefact sizes were measured volumetrically by semiautomatic selection of regions of interest (ROIs), considering the VMS energies and the polychromatic spectres. Moreover, density and image noise within the pellets were measured. All three phantoms exhibit artefact size reduction as energy increases from 40 to 190 keV. Titanium exhibited a stronger reduction than chrome-cobalt and stainless steel. The artefacts were dependent on the diameter of the stem. Image quality increases with higher energies on VMS with a better depiction of surrounding structures. Monoenergetic energies 70 keV and 140 keV demonstrate superior image quality to those produced by spectral energies 80 kVp and 140 kVp.
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Farr JB, Moyers MF, Allgower CE, Bues M, Hsi WC, Jin H, Mihailidis DN, Lu HM, Newhauser WD, Sahoo N, Slopsema R, Yeung D, Zhu XR. Clinical commissioning of intensity-modulated proton therapy systems: Report of AAPM Task Group 185. Med Phys 2020; 48:e1-e30. [PMID: 33078858 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy is an expanding radiotherapy modality in the United States and worldwide. With the number of proton therapy centers treating patients increasing, so does the need for consistent, high-quality clinical commissioning practices. Clinical commissioning encompasses the entire proton therapy system's multiple components, including the treatment delivery system, the patient positioning system, and the image-guided radiotherapy components. Also included in the commissioning process are the x-ray computed tomography scanner calibration for proton stopping power, the radiotherapy treatment planning system, and corresponding portions of the treatment management system. This commissioning report focuses exclusively on intensity-modulated scanning systems, presenting details of how to perform the commissioning of the proton therapy and ancillary systems, including the required proton beam measurements, treatment planning system dose modeling, and the equipment needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Farr
- Department of Medical Physics, Applications of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine, Meyrin, 1217, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris E Allgower
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Martin Bues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Wen-Chien Hsi
- University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32206, USA
| | - Hosang Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dimitris N Mihailidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ming Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hefei Ion Medical Center, 1700 Changning Avenue, Gaoxin District, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
| | - Wayne D Newhauser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70809, USA
| | - Narayan Sahoo
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roelf Slopsema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory Proton Therapy Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniel Yeung
- Saudi Proton Therapy Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - X Ronald Zhu
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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9
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Barreto I, Pepin E, Davis I, Dean C, Massini T, Rees J, Olguin C, Quails N, Correa N, Rill L, Arreola M. Comparison of metal artifact reduction using single-energy CT and dual-energy CT with various metallic implants in cadavers. Eur J Radiol 2020; 133:109357. [PMID: 33126172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of metal artifact reduction using Single Energy Metal Artifact Reduction (SEMAR) and Dual Energy CT (DECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Six cadavers containing metal implants in the head, neck, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities were scanned with Standard, SEMAR, and DECT protocols on a 320-slice CT scanner. Four specialized radiologists blinded to acquisition methods rated severity of metal artifacts, visualization of anatomic structures, diagnostic interpretation, and image preference with a 5-point grading scale. RESULTS Scores were significantly better for SEMAR than Standard images in the hip, knee, pelvis, abdomen, and maxillofacial scans (3.25 ± 0.88 versus 2.14 ± 0.93, p < 0.001). However, new reconstruction artifacts developed in SEMAR images that were not present in Standard images. Scores for severity of metal artifacts and visualization of smooth structures were significantly better for DECT than Standard images in the cervical spine (3.50±0.50 versus 2.0±0.58, p < 0.001) and was preferred over Standard images by one radiologist. In all other cases, radiologists preferred the Standard image over the DECT image due to increased image noise and reduced low-contrast resolution with DECT. In all cases, SEMAR was preferred over Standard and DECT images. CONCLUSION SEMAR was more effective at reducing metal artifacts than DECT. Radiologists should be aware of new artifacts and review both the original and SEMAR images. When the anatomy or implant is relatively small, DECT may be superior to SEMAR without additional artifacts. However, radiologist should be aware of a reduction in soft tissue contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Barreto
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - Eric Pepin
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, Texas 75390, United States.
| | - Ivan Davis
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - Cooper Dean
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - Tara Massini
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - John Rees
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - Catherine Olguin
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - Nathan Quails
- Department of Radiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Ave 4th Fl, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Nathalie Correa
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - Lynn Rill
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
| | - Manuel Arreola
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100374, Gainesville, FL 32610-0374, United States.
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Abstract
Primary radial head arthroplasty (RHA) produces good or excellent results in approximately 85% of patients. However, complications are not uncommon and have been described in up to 23% of cases. The number of RHA is increasing, and consequently the absolute number of complications is expected to rise as well. The decision on whether to revise or remove the prosthesis seems more likely to depend on the preference of the surgeon or the hospital, rather than on objectifying problems with the prosthesis. The current article presents an algorithm for the work-up and treatment of most complications that can occur following RHA. Five subgroups of problems were identified: osteoarthritis, stiffness, instability, infection and implant-related issues. In short, the preferred treatment depends mainly on the chondral condition and stability of the elbow joint.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:398-407. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190055
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaäk F Kodde
- Orthopedic Center Antwerp, AZ Monica Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jetske Viveen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Bertram The
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | | | - Denise Eygendaal
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upper Limb Unit, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Sun X, Zhao Q, Sun P, Yao Z, Wang R. Metal artifact reduction using mono-energy images combined with metal artifact reduction software in spectral computed tomography: a study on phantoms. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1515-1525. [PMID: 32676369 DOI: 10.21037/qims-19-936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of spectral computed tomography (CT) mono-energy imaging combined with metal artifact reduction software (MARs) for metal implant artifact reduction using a phantom. METHODS A quantitative standard phantom with 9 cylinders was used to simulate the attenuation of the different tissues of the human body around the metal implant. Groups A and B were divided according to conventional CT scan mode and spectral CT scan mode. Three sets of reconstructed images, including 120 kVp-like + MARs images, mono-energy images (MonoE), and MonoE + MARs images, were generated after spectral CT scanning. High-attenuation artifacts and low-attenuation artifacts were observed around the coil in the images of groups A and B. The CT values (Hounsfield unit) and standard deviation (SD) values of the artifacts were measured, and the artifact index and hardening artifact removal rate were calculated. RESULTS Compared to conventional poly-energy CT images, for high-attenuation and low-attenuation artifacts, the artifact indices of 120 kVp-like + MARs, MonoE, and MonoE + MARs images were all reduced significantly. The hardening artifact removal rates of the high-attenuation and low-attenuation artifacts of 120 kVp-like + MARs images were 82% and 92%, respectively. The hardening artifact removal rate of the high-attenuation and low-attenuation artifacts of MonoE and MonoE + MARs images increased with the mono-energy level. CONCLUSIONS Spectral CT using the 120 kVp-like + MARs, 110-140 keV MonoE, and MonoE + MARs reconstruction methods can reduce metal implant artifacts in varying degrees. MonoE + MARs reconstruction was the best method for reducing metal artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengtao Sun
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rengui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhang K, Han Q, Xu X, Jiang H, Ma L, Zhang Y, Yang K, Chen B, Wang J. Metal artifact reduction of orthopedics metal artifact reduction algorithm in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19268. [PMID: 32176050 PMCID: PMC7220143 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate metal artifact reduction effect of orthopedics metal artifact reduction (O-Mar) algorithm in computer tomography (CT) image of patients who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA).35 cases of patients who underwent TKA or THA have been recruited in this study. CT image of hip or knee joint was obtained with Philips 256-row CT scanner. Tube voltages of 120 and 140 kilovolt peak (KVP) were set. Afterwards, CT image was reconstructed by O-Mar algorithm to reduce metal artifact. Grade of image quality and severity of metal artifact would be taken into qualitative evaluation. While, quantitative evaluation mainly included measurement of metal artifact volume and 2D measurement of average CT value in region of interest (ROI). The visibility of interface between bone-prostheses was also estimated.Result of qualitative analysis indicated that score of CT quality was improved and grade of metal artifact was decreased significantly with O-Mar. Quantitative analysis illustrated that volume of beam-hardening (B-H) metal artifact decreased remarkably after reconstruction of O-Mar (P < .001). In addition, O-Mar algorithm reduced 83.3% to 83.7% volume of photon-starvation (P-S) metal artifact. As for result of 2D measurement, CT value in ROI was closer to standard value in O-Mar group CT image (P < .001). Meanwhile, error of CT value also decreased significantly after reconstruction of O-Mar algorithm. Visibility rate of bone-prosthesis interface improved from 34.3% (Non-O-Mar) to 66.7% (O-Mar).O-Mar algorithm could significantly reduce metal artifact in CT image of THA and TKA in both 2D and three-dimensional (3D) level. Therefore, better image quality and visibility of bone-prostheses interface could be presented. In this study, O-Mar was proved as an efficient metal artifact reduction method in CT image of THA and TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolin Xu
- Radiology Department, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, 257034
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, Jilin Province, China
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Wellenberg RHH, Donders JCE, Guitton TG, Streekstra GJ, Kloen P, Maas M. Interdisciplinary consensus of virtual monochromatic dual-energy CT images: is there discrepancy in preferred photon energy between surgeons and radiologists for the assessment of non-unions? Clin Radiol 2020; 75:448-456. [PMID: 32070481 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate possible differences between surgeons and radiologists in selecting optimal photon energy settings from a set of virtual monochromatic dual-energy computed tomography (CT) images for the assessment of bone union in patients with a suspected non-union of the appendicular skeleton. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients suspected of having bone non-union after operative fracture treatment with a variety of fixation implants were included. Patients were scanned on a dual-source CT machine using 150/100-kVp. Monochromatic images were extracted at 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, and 190 keV. Images were reviewed by 159 orthopaedic trauma surgeons and 12 musculoskeletal radiologists in order to select the best and worst energy setting to assess bone union. Furthermore, a confidence score (1-4) was given in selecting the best and worst setting to assess bone union. RESULTS Monochromatic 190 keV images were selected most frequently as the optimal energy in titanium (34.8%), stainless steel (40%), and combined implants of stainless steel and titanium (40.5%). Confidence scores and average optimal energies were higher and average worst energies were lower for radiologists compared to surgeons in all hardware (p<0.05). Differences in optimal energy were not statistically significant for different alloys or type of fixation implant in both groups. CONCLUSIONS In both observer groups, 190 keV images were selected most frequently as the optimal energy to assess bone union in patients with a suspected non-union of the appendicular skeleton with hardware in situ. On average, musculoskeletal radiologists selected higher optimal and lower worst energy settings and were more confident in selecting both energy settings than orthopaedic trauma surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H H Wellenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Isala, Zwolle, the Netherlands.
| | - J C E Donders
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T G Guitton
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand and Burn Surgery, Martini Hospital, Dutch Burn Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G J Streekstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Kloen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Albrecht MH, Vogl TJ, Martin SS, Nance JW, Duguay TM, Wichmann JL, De Cecco CN, Varga-Szemes A, van Assen M, Tesche C, Schoepf UJ. Review of Clinical Applications for Virtual Monoenergetic Dual-Energy CT. Radiology 2019; 293:260-271. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Stieb S, McDonald B, Gronberg M, Engeseth GM, He R, Fuller CD. Imaging for Target Delineation and Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology: Current and Emerging Techniques. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2019; 33:963-975. [PMID: 31668214 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Imaging in radiation oncology has a wide range of applications. It is necessary not only for tumor staging and treatment response assessment after therapy but also for the treatment planning process, including definition of target and organs at risk, as well as treatment plan calculation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the main imaging modalities currently used for target delineation and treatment planning and gives insight into new and promising techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Stieb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brigid McDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary Gronberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Grete May Engeseth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Renjie He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clifton David Fuller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Dual-Energy CT in Musculoskeletal Imaging: What Is the Role Beyond Gout? AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019; 213:493-505. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.21095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Metal implants influence CT scan parameters leading to increased local radiation exposure: A proposal for correction techniques. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221692. [PMID: 31442288 PMCID: PMC6707604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal implants not only deteriorate image quality, but also increase radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal hip prosthesis on absorbed radiation dose and assess the efficacy of organ dose modulation (ODM) and metal artifact reduction (MAR) protocols on dose reduction. An anthropomorphic phantom was scanned with and without bilateral metal hip prostheses, and surface and deep level radiation doses were measured at the abdomen and pelvis. Finally, the absorbed radiation doses at pelvic and abdominal cavities in the reference, ODM, and two MAR scans (Gemstone spectral imaging, GE) were compared. The Mann Whitney-U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to compare the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and mean absorbed radiation doses. Unilateral and bilateral metal hip prostheses increased CTDIVOL by 14.4% and 30.5%, respectively. MAR protocols decreased absorbed radiation doses in the pelvis. MAR showed the most significant dose reduction in the deep pelvic cavity followed by ODM. However, MAR protocols increased absorbed radiation doses in the upper abdomen. ODM significantly reduced absorbed radiation in the pelvis and abdomen. In conclusion, metal hip implants increased radiation doses in abdominopelvic CT scans. MAR and ODM techniques reduced absorbed radiation dose in abdominopelvic CT scans with metal hip prostheses.
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Keil H, Beisemann N, Schnetzke M, Vetter SY, Grützner PA, Franke J. First experiences with the Airo mobile intraoperative CT scanner in acetabular surgery-An analysis of 10 cases. Int J Med Robot 2019; 15:e1986. [PMID: 30710466 DOI: 10.1002/rcs.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being a proven method in trauma and spine surgery, intraoperative 3D imaging (CBCT) has intrinsic deficits in difficult anatomy and with artifacts because of metal implants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) in acetabular surgery. METHODS Ten cases of acetabular fractures that were operated with intraoperative use of the mobile CT scanner Brainlab Airo were analyzed. Data were compared with a historical group of 17 patients. RESULTS Additional fluoroscopy time was 24.2 seconds (6-91), which was significantly lower than in the control group where it was 211.4 seconds (77-446; P < 0.000). Operation time did not differ significantly (iCT group 196.8 min [122-288], control group 240.8 min [71-411], P = 0.234). CONCLUSION iCT provides images of a reliable high quality and assessability. Radiation exposure to the staff is reduced while surgery time is not altered significantly. Quality of intraoperative imaging and thus patient care can substantially improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Keil
- Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS-Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, AGiTEC-Working Group for Intraoperative Imaging and Technology of the DGOU, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Nils Beisemann
- Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS-Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, AGiTEC-Working Group for Intraoperative Imaging and Technology of the DGOU, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Schnetzke
- Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS-Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, AGiTEC-Working Group for Intraoperative Imaging and Technology of the DGOU, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sven Y Vetter
- Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS-Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, AGiTEC-Working Group for Intraoperative Imaging and Technology of the DGOU, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Paul A Grützner
- Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS-Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, AGiTEC-Working Group for Intraoperative Imaging and Technology of the DGOU, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jochen Franke
- Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS-Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, AGiTEC-Working Group for Intraoperative Imaging and Technology of the DGOU, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiological imaging is important in the preoperative diagnosis of many forms of spinal pathology and plays a fundamental role in the assessment of p.o. effects, which can be verified on the spinal column as well as on the surrounding soft tissues, depending on the imaging method used. AIM The article provides an overview of the current status and possibilities of radiological diagnostic methods for the verification of possibly recommended spine surgery in the context of degenerative, inflammatory-infectious, post-traumatic or p.o. pathologies and changes in the spine: X‑rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The supplementary nuclear medicine procedures (scintigraphy, PET[-CT], SPECT, etc.) which may be required for special questions are not discussed. MATERIAL AND METHODS The merits and limitations of the techniques used in the investigation of advanced degenerative spinal pathologies and post-traumatic conditions are discussed, with multidetector CT being the focus of attention in spinal clearance for traumatic injuries. In most cases of spinal infection, MRI images, as a central diagnostic tool, show typical findings such as destruction of adjacent endplates, bone marrow and intervertebral disc abnormalities, and paravertebral or epidural abscesses. However, it is not always easy to diagnose a spinal infection, especially if atypical MR patterns of infectious spondylitis are present. Knowledge of them means misdiagnosis and improper treatment can be avoided. RESULTS It is shown that high-quality modern radiological examinations are essential for diagnosis and p.o. management, as these provide answers to the main questions in the treatment: Is the entity/injury stable or unstable, acute or old, benign or malign; is there a myelopathy or p.o. complication? DISCUSSION The main indications for p.o. diagnostic imaging, difficulties such as metal artefact formation, and potential pitfalls are analyzed. Entity-specific radiological image patterns, imaging algorithms and differential diagnostic peculiarities are presented and discussed based on current literature and selected case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe H W Schütz
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Deutschland. .,Orthopädie und Schmerzmedizin am Grünen Turm, Grüner-Turm-Str. 4-10, 88212, Ravensburg, Deutschland.
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Wellenberg RHH, van Osch JAC, Boelhouwers HJ, Edens MA, Streekstra GJ, Ettema HB, Boomsma MF. CT radiation dose reduction in patients with total hip arthroplasties using model-based iterative reconstruction and orthopaedic metal artefact reduction. Skeletal Radiol 2019; 48:1775-1785. [PMID: 31016340 PMCID: PMC6776565 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-019-03206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of radiation dose reduction on image quality in patients with metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties (THAs) using model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) combined with orthopaedic metal artefact reduction (O-MAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with metal-on-metal THAs received a pelvic CT with a full (FD) and a reduced radiation dose (RD) with -20%, -40%, -57%, or -80% CT radiation dose respectively, when assigned to group 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively. FD acquisitions were reconstructed with iterative reconstruction, iDose4. RD acquisitions were additionally reconstructed with iterative model-based reconstruction (IMR) levels 1-3 with different levels of noise suppression. CT numbers, noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were measured in muscle, fat and bladder. Subjective image quality was evaluated on seven aspects including artefacts, osseous structures, prosthetic components and soft tissues. RESULTS Seventy-six patients were randomly assigned to one of the four groups. While reducing radiation dose by 20%, 40%, 57%, or 80% in combination with IMR, CT numbers remained constant. Compared with iDose4, the noise decreased (p < 0.001) and contrast-to-noise ratios increased (p < 0.001) with IMR. O-MAR improved CT number accuracy in the bladder and reduced noise in the bladder, muscle and fat (p < 0.01). Subjective image quality was rated lower on RD IMR images than FD iDose4 images on all seven aspects (p < 0.05) and was not related to the applied radiation dose reduction. CONCLUSION In RD IMR with O-MAR images, CT numbers remained constant, noise decreased and contrast-to-noise ratios between muscle and fat increased compared with FD iDose4 with O-MAR images in patients with metal-on-metal THAs. Subjective image quality reduced, regardless of the degree of radiation dose reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud H. H. Wellenberg
- grid.452600.50000 0001 0547 5927Department of Radiology, Isala, Dokter van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen A. C. van Osch
- grid.452600.50000 0001 0547 5927Department of Radiology, Isala, Dokter van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J. Boelhouwers
- grid.452600.50000 0001 0547 5927Department of Radiology, Isala, Dokter van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille A. Edens
- grid.452600.50000 0001 0547 5927Department of Innovation and Science, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J. Streekstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen B. Ettema
- grid.452600.50000 0001 0547 5927Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F. Boomsma
- grid.452600.50000 0001 0547 5927Department of Radiology, Isala, Dokter van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Clinical Assessment of Metal Artifact Reduction Methods in Dual-Energy CT Examinations of Instrumented Spines. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 212:395-401. [PMID: 30667317 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.18.19757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of three metal artifact reduction methods in dual-energy CT (DECT) examinations of instrumented spines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients with instrumented spines who underwent spine DECT were retrospectively identified. All scans were obtained on a dual-source 128-MDCT scanner. In addition to the original DE mixed images, DECT images were reconstructed using an iterative metal artifact reconstruction algorithm (DE iMAR), virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) algorithm (DE Mono+), and a combination of the two algorithms DE iMAR and DE Mono+, which we refer to here as "DE iMAR Mono+." The four image series were anonymized and randomized for a reader study. Four experienced neuroradiologists rated the images in terms of artifact scores of four anatomic regions and overall image quality scores in both bone and soft-tissue display window settings. In addition, a quantitative analysis was performed to assess the performance of the three metal artifact reduction methods. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in the artifact scores and overall image quality scores among the four methods (both, p < 0.001). DE iMAR Mono+ showed the best artifact scores and quality scores (all, p < 0.001). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the overall image quality score was 0.779 using the bone display window and 0.892 using the soft-tissue display window (both, p < 0.001). In addition, DE iMAR Mono+ reduced the artifacts by the greatest amount in the quantitative analysis. CONCLUSION The method that used DE iMAR Mono+ showed the best performance of spine metal artifact reduction using DECT data. These results may be specific to this CT vendor and implant type.
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Dual-Energy Imaging of the Pancreas. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-018-0308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Thélu-Vanysacker M, Frédéric P, Charles-Edouard T, Alban B, Nicolas B, Tanguy B. SPECT/CT in Postoperative Shoulder Pain. Semin Nucl Med 2018; 48:469-482. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wellenberg RHH, Hakvoort ET, Slump CH, Boomsma MF, Maas M, Streekstra GJ. Metal artifact reduction techniques in musculoskeletal CT-imaging. Eur J Radiol 2018; 107:60-69. [PMID: 30292274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is known that metal artifacts can be reduced by modifying standard acquisition and reconstruction, by modifying projection data and/or image data and by using virtual monochromatic imaging extracted from dual-energy CT. In this review we focus on the origin of metal artifacts, technical background of commercially available metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms and the value of dual-energy CT and MAR software for different metal hardware in current clinical practice. Virtual monochromatic imaging reduces beam-hardening artifacts, where metal artifact reduction software effectively reduces artifacts caused by extensive photon-starvation. Both techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, and the combination of both techniques is often but not always the best solution regarding metal artifact reduction. Advances in prosthetic imaging are reinforced by advances in prosthetic design. Providing implant specific information prior to scanning is important in order to adjust the metal artifact reduction approach, minimize artifacts and optimize image quality and diagnostic value of CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H H Wellenberg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - E T Hakvoort
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - C H Slump
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - M F Boomsma
- Department of Radiology, Isala, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
| | - M Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - G J Streekstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Chen C, Hong N. Value of virtual monochromatic spectral images with metal artifact reduction algorithm in dual-energy computed tomography-guided microcoil localization of pulmonary nodules. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11562. [PMID: 30024555 PMCID: PMC6086503 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical value of virtual monochromatic spectral (VMS) images with metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm in dual-energy computed tomography (DECT)-guided microcoil localization of pulmonary nodules.Fifty-one patients underwent DECT after placement of microcoils on small pulmonary nodules before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Optimal energy level (in keV) was defined as the level at which CT values of nodules were equivalent to those of 120 kVp images and with no serious metal artifacts. VMS images at optimal keV and at 50, 90,110, and 140 keV with and without MAR were reconstructed. Image quality was scored using a 3-point scale: 1 = excellent, minimal artifacts; 2 = good, mild artifacts; and 3 = poor, extensive artifacts. Image quality scores between the VMS-only and VMS + MAR groups were compared;74 keV was found to be the optimal level for VMS images. The image quality of the VMS + MAR images at 74 keV were significantly better than VMS-only images (1.35 ± 0.59 vs 2.11 ± 0.87, P = .005). There was no difference in image quality score among VMS + MAR images at 74 keV and higher energy levels.VMS images from DECT at 74 keV with MAR can reduce artifacts from microcoils and improve image quality for microcoil localization of pulmonary nodules.
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Reduction of Artifacts Caused by Deep Brain Stimulating Electrodes in Cranial Computed Tomography Imaging by Means of Virtual Monoenergetic Images, Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithms, and Their Combination. Invest Radiol 2018; 53:424-431. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Keil H, Beisemann N, Schnetzke M, Vetter SY, Swartman B, Grützner PA, Franke J. Intraoperative assessment of reduction and implant placement in acetabular fractures-limitations of 3D-imaging compared to computed tomography. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:78. [PMID: 29636062 PMCID: PMC5894195 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In acetabular fractures, the assessment of reduction and implant placement has limitations in conventional 2D intraoperative imaging. 3D imaging offers the opportunity to acquire CT-like images and thus to improve the results. However, clinical experience shows that even 3D imaging has limitations, especially regarding artifacts when implants are placed. The purpose of this study was to assess the difference between intraoperative 3D imaging and postoperative CT regarding reduction and implant placement. Methods Twenty consecutive cases of acetabular fractures were selected with a complete set of intraoperative 3D imaging and postoperative CT data. The largest detectable step and the largest detectable gap were measured in all three standard planes. These values were compared between the 3D data sets and CT data sets. Additionally, possible correlations between the possible confounders age and BMI and the difference between 3D and CT values were tested. Results The mean difference of largest visible step between the 3D imaging and CT scan was 2.0 ± 1.8 mm (0.0–5.8, p = 0.02) in the axial, 1.3 ± 1.4 mm (0.0–3.7, p = 0.15) in the sagittal and 1.9 ± 2.4 mm (0.0–7.4, p = 0.22) in the coronal views. The mean difference of largest visible gap between the 3D imaging and CT scan was 3.1 ± 3.6 mm (0.0–14.1, p = 0.03) in the axial, 4.6 ± 2.7 mm (1.2–8.7, p = 0.001) in the sagittal and 3.5 ± 4.0 mm (0.0–15.4, p = 0.06) in the coronal views. A positive correlation between the age and the difference in gap measurements in the sagittal view was shown (rho = 0.556, p = 0.011). Conclusions Intraoperative 3D imaging is a valuable adjunct in assessing reduction and implant placement in acetabular fractures but has limitations due to artifacts caused by implant material. This can lead to missed malreduction and impairment of clinical outcome, so postoperative CT should be considered in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Keil
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Nils Beisemann
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Schnetzke
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sven Yves Vetter
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Benedict Swartman
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Paul Alfred Grützner
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jochen Franke
- Clinic for Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen at the University of Heidelberg, MINTOS - Medical Imaging and Navigation in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ludwig-Guttmann-Str. 13, 67071, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a common malignancy that has a poor prognosis. Imaging is vital in its detection, staging, and management. Although a variety of imaging techniques are available, MDCT is the preferred imaging modality for staging and assessing the resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. MR also has an important adjunct role, and may be used in addition to CT or as a problem-solving tool. A dedicated pancreatic protocol should be acquired as a biphasic technique optimized for the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and to allow accurate local and distant disease staging. Emerging techniques like dual-energy CT and texture analysis of CT and MR images have a great potential in improving lesion detection, characterization, and treatment monitoring.
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Dose Reduction With Dedicated CT Metal Artifact Reduction Algorithm: CT Phantom Study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017; 210:593-600. [PMID: 29231758 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.17.18544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare reader accuracy detecting lesions near hardware in a CT phantom model at different radiation exposures using an advanced metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm and standard filtered back projection (FBP) techniques and to determine if radiation exposure could be decreased using MAR without compromising lesion detectability. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CT phantom manufactured with spherical lesions of various sizes (10-20 mm) and attenuations (20-50 HU) embedded around cobalt-chromium spheres attached to titanium rods, simulating an arthroplasty, was scanned on a single CT scanner (FLASH, Siemens Healthcare) at 140 kVp and 0.6-mm collimation using clinical-dose (300 Quality Reference mAs [Siemens Healthcare]), low-dose (150 Quality Reference mAs), and high-dose (600 Quality Reference mAs) protocols. Images reconstructed with iterative MAR, advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE), and FBP with identical parameters were anonymized and independently reviewed by three radiologists. Accuracies for detecting lesions, measured as AUC, sensitivity, and specificity, were compared. RESULTS Accuracy using MAR was significantly higher than that using FBP at all exposures (p values ranged from < 0.001 to 0.021). Sensitivity was also higher for MAR than for FBP at all exposures. Specificity was very high for both reconstruction techniques at all exposures with no significant differences. Accuracy of low-dose MAR was higher than and not inferior to standard-dose and high-dose FBP. MAR was significantly more sensitive than FBP in detecting smaller lesions (p = 0.021) and lesions near high streak artifact (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION MAR improves reader accuracy to detect lesions near hardware and allows significant reductions in radiation exposure without compromising accuracy compared with FBP in a CT phantom model.
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George E, Wortman JR, Fulwadhva UP, Uyeda JW, Sodickson AD. Dual energy CT applications in pancreatic pathologies. Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20170411. [PMID: 28936888 PMCID: PMC6047640 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20170411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual energy CT (DECT) is a technology that is gaining widespread acceptance, particularly for its abdominopelvic applications. Pancreatic pathologies are an ideal application for the many advantages offered by dual energy post-processing. This article reviews the current literature on dual energy CT pancreatic imaging, specifically in the evaluation of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, other solid and cystic pancreatic neoplasms, and pancreatitis. The advantages in characterization and quantification of enhancement, detection of subtle lesions, and potential reduction of imaging phases and contrast usage are reviewed. We also discuss directions for future research, and the ideal use of dual energy CT in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth George
- Department of Radiology, Division of Emergency Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy R Wortman
- Department of Radiology, Division of Emergency Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Urvi P Fulwadhva
- Department of Radiology, Division of Emergency Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer W Uyeda
- Department of Radiology, Division of Emergency Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron D Sodickson
- Department of Radiology, Division of Emergency Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Alabsi H, Alreshoodi S, Low E, Sultan N, Murray N, Mallinson P, Munk PL, Ouellette HA. Advancements in Dual-Energy CT Applications for Musculoskeletal Imaging. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-017-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Khanduri S, Goyal A, Singh B, Chaudhary M, Sabharwal T, Jain S, Sharma H. The Utility of Dual Energy Computed Tomography in Musculoskeletal Imaging. J Clin Imaging Sci 2017; 7:34. [PMID: 28900555 PMCID: PMC5582533 DOI: 10.4103/jcis.jcis_46_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to review the mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages of dual energy computed tomography (DECT) over conventional tomography (CT) in musculoskeletal imaging as DECT provides additional information about tissue composition and artifact reduction. This provides clinical utility in detection of urate crystals, bone marrow edema, reduction of beam hardening metallic artifact, and ligament and tendon analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Khanduri
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aakshit Goyal
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhumika Singh
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mriganki Chaudhary
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tushar Sabharwal
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreshtha Jain
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hritik Sharma
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Miscellaneous and Emerging Applications of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Intracranial Pathology. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2017; 27:411-427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dual energy CT angiography: pros and cons of dual-energy metal artifact reduction algorithm in patients after endovascular aortic repair. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2017; 42:749-758. [PMID: 27896386 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-016-0973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the value of metal artifact reduction (MAR) post-processing and iodine MD images in fast kV-switching dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in patients after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four consecutive EVAR patients (age 76 ± 9 years, 7/24 (29%) with coils, 9/24 (37.5%) with 10 endoleaks) who underwent DECT angiography were included in this HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved retrospective study. Monochromatic reconstructions included 55, 60, 65, 70, and 75 keV with and without MAR and iodine MD images. Near field, far field, and vessel artifacts were assessed subjectively (1 = none; 5 = severe) and objectively by measuring noise and contrast-to-noise ratio. Visibility of endoleak was evaluated (1 = optimal; 5 = not visible). RESULTS MAR objectively decreased artifacts from EVAR stents in the near field (60.7 ± 25.4 HU vs. 70.1 ± 34.2; p = .002) and subjectively increased near field (3.2 ± 0.9 vs. 2.8 ± 0.6; p < .001), far field (2.2 ± 0.6 vs. 1.6 ± 0.6; p < .001), and vessel (3.1 ± 1.1 vs. 2.5 ± 0.9; p < .001) artifacts. Near-field artifacts from coils were reduced by the MAR objectively (72.4 ± 24.8 vs. 182.7 ± 57.3 HU; p < .001) and subjectively (4.5 ± 0.5 vs. 4.9 ± 0.4; p = .02). CNR of standard reconstructions was optimal at 60 keV (38.3 ± 16.8). Reconstructions without MAR and iodine MD images provided improved endoleak visualization in 6/10 (60%) of cases (median 1 for both) compared to MAR (median 3) (p < 0.001). However, MAR improved visualization in 1/10 (10%) cases due to endoleak location adjacent to a coil. CONCLUSION DECT with MAR reduced artifacts from coils and improved endoleak visualization in 1/10 (10%) cases due to location adjacent to a coil. However, MAR impaired endoleak visualization in 6/10 (60%) cases and should be reviewed combined with 60 keV standard reconstructions and iodine MD images.
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