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Huang TY, Yang FL, Chiu HW, Chao HC, Yang YJ, Sheu JH, Hua KF, Wu SH. An Immunological Polysaccharide from Tremella fuciformis: Essential Role of Acetylation in Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810392. [PMID: 36142298 PMCID: PMC9499394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible fungus Tremella fuciformis was shown to have a high molecular weight (1.87 × 103 kDa) bioactive polysaccharide, denoted as TFP-F1. Monosaccharide composition and NMR analysis of the polysaccharide and its derivatives indicated it contained fucose (Fucp), xylose (Xylp), mannose (Manp), and glucuronic acid (GlcAp) in a ratio of 0.9:1.0:3.2:1.2. Using IR, NMR, and GC-MS spectroscopic data, the structure of TFP-F1 was elucidated as {→3)-[β-D-GlcAp-(1→2)]-α-D-Manp-(1→3)-α-D-Manp-(1→3)-[α-L-Fucp-(1→2)-β-D-Xylp-(1→2)]-α-D-Manp-(1→}n, with partial acetylation of C6-OH in mannoses. Furthermore, at a concentration of 1 μg/mL, TFP-F1 was found to stimulate the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in J774A.1 macrophage cells in vitro via interaction with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The removal of O-acetyl groups led to the loss of immunomodulatory activities, demonstrating that O-acetyl groups play an essential role in enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yin Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ling Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chu Chao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Yang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Horng Sheu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Feng Hua
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-(02)-2785-5696; Fax: +886-(02)-2653-9142
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Lin B, Huang G. Extraction, isolation, purification, derivatization, bioactivity, structure-activity relationship and application of polysaccharides from white jellyfungus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1359-1379. [PMID: 35170761 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
White jellyfungus is one of the most popular nutritional supplements. The polysaccharide (WJP) is an important active component of white jellyfungus, it not only has a variety of biological activities but also is non-toxic to humans. So, many scholars have carried out different researches on WJP. However, the lack of a detailed summary of WJP limits the scale of industrial development of WJP. Herein, the research progress of WJP in extraction, isolation, structure, derivatization and structure-activity relationship was reviewed. Different extraction methods were compared, the activity and application of WJP were summarized, and the structure-activity relationship of WJP was emphasized in order to provide effective theoretical support for improving the utilization of WJP and promoting the application of related industries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobo Lin
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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3
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Gao Y, Yang X, Zheng W, Gao M, Gao Q, Xu D. Preparation, characterization, and cytokine-stimulating activity of oligosaccharides from Tremella fuciformis Berk. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13212. [PMID: 32301136 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Tremella fuciformis Berk polysaccharides (TP) have significant cytokine-stimulating activity and low oral bioavailability owing to their large molecular volume. Identifying and studying the smallest active structure of TP can potentially be beneficial for further utilization and research, therefore, TP was hydrolyzed and fractionated to obtain its (1→3)-mannan backbone fragments. The fragments were further isolated by ion-exchange resin, ultrafiltration, gel, and HPLC chromatography, and three oligosaccharide fractions, named TL4-1, TL4-2, TL4-3, were obtained. According to the determination of their physicochemical properties, they were composed of Man, and after methylation analysis they were mainly characterized as (1→3)-mannan oligosaccharides with a straight chain. TL4-1 contained di-, trisaccharides, TL4-2 included tetra-, penta-saccharides, and TL4-3 was made up of hex-, hepta-, octa-saccharides, according to LC-ESI/MS analysis. Cytokine stimulation experiments showed that the degree of polymerization (DP) should be more than six to maintain the activity of mannosan. Therefore, the smallest active unit of oligo-mannose was determined. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper reports the physical and chemical parameters, structure and biological potential of oligosaccharides from T. fuciformis Berk, a common edible fungus. Tremella has been used as an improving immunity drug in China with good effect. Oligosaccharides are more easily digested and utilized by human body, and maintain good activity. These results can increase people's interest in the product, and thus have a positive impact on the oligosaccharides of Tremella as health food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Dao-di Herbs in Changbai Mountain, Changchun, China
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Miaomiao Gao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qipin Gao
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Dao-di Herbs in Changbai Mountain, Changchun, China
| | - Duoduo Xu
- Jilin Institute of Ginseng Science, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Dao-di Herbs in Changbai Mountain, Changchun, China
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4
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Wang D, Wang D, Yan T, Jiang W, Han X, Yan J, Guo Y. Nanostructures assembly and the property of polysaccharide extracted from Tremella Fuciformis fruiting body. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:751-760. [PMID: 31254577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from fungi are good free radical scavengers. However, there are no enzymes digesting these polysaccharides in the human body, which limits the use of fungal polysaccharides. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the preparation methods of fungal polysaccharides to improve the utilization rate of fungal polysaccharides. In this paper, the acidic polysaccharide of Tremella fuciformis was extracted by boiling and precipitated by ethanol. The total sugar content obtained by freeze-drying after ion exchange chromatography purification was 93.6%. It is mainly composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, xylose and fucose. According to the peak area, the mass ratio of the substance is about 6.8:1:1.5:0.6, which indicates that TFP is a polysaccharide with mannose as its main chain and glucuronic acid, fucose and xylose as well as a small amount of glucose as the branch chain. Molecular weight is 1.86 × 106 Da. The existence of glucuronic acid endows polysaccharides with negative charge in aqueous solution and can be assembled into nanostructures with chitosan. By measuring the swelling property in aqueous, it shows the TFP separated from Tremella fuciformis fruits is suitable for drug controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China.
| | - Deguo Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Tingxuan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Weifeng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Jvfen Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
| | - Yanrong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243032, China
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Structure, bioactivities and applications of the polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis mushroom: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1005-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Ban S, Lee SL, Jeong HS, Lim SM, Park S, Hong YS, Kim JE. Efficacy and Safety ofTremella fuciformisin Individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2018; 21:400-407. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soonhyun Ban
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Division of Convergence, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suji L. Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Division of Convergence, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonseok S. Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinwon Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Division of Convergence, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sun Hong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun E. Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Division of Convergence, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Lee J, Ha SJ, Lee HJ, Kim MJ, Kim JH, Kim YT, Song KM, Kim YJ, Kim HK, Jung SK. Protective effect of Tremella fuciformis Berk extract on LPS-induced acute inflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Food Funct 2018; 7:3263-72. [PMID: 27334265 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00540c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tremella fuciformis Berk (TFB) has long been used as a traditional medicine in Asia. Although TFB exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, the mechanisms of action responsible have remained unknown. We confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of Tremella fuciformis Berk extract (TFE) in RAW 264.7 cells and observed significantly suppressed LPS-induced iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 production. TFE also suppressed LPS-induced IKK, IkB, and p65 phosphorylation, as well as LPS-induced translocation of p65 from the cytosol. Additionally, TFE inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs. In an acute inflammation study, oral administration of TFE significantly inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production and iNOS and COX-2 expression. The major bioactive compounds from TFB extract were identified as gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and coumaric acid. Among these compounds, protocatechuic acid showed the strongest inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Overall, these results suggest that TFE is a promising anti-inflammatory agent that suppresses iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 expression, as well as the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jeong Ha
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea and Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Food Safety Center, Ottogi Corp, Gyeonggi-do, 431-070, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ku Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Keun Jung
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea and Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi-do, 463-746, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Wu DT, Deng Y, Zhao J, Li SP. Molecular characterization of branched polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis
by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and size exclusion chromatography. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:4272-4280. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Yong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine; Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao China
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9
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Biosynthesis of Resveratrol in Blastospore of the Macrofungus Tremella fuciformis. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:675-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Carboxymethylation of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis for antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:526-30. [PMID: 25194971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (CATP), which derived from water-insoluble crude Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (ATP), was prepared. And then the antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of the samples were investigated. The results of chemical composition and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylated modifications of polysaccharide were successful. The degree of substitution (DS) of four carboxymethylated derivatives were different with the molar of monochloroacetic acid. Their water solubility and biological activities were improved with the increase of DS. And moreover, a high antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of CATPs was observed, so this derivative needs to be attention and studied in further. Results proved that the carboxymethylation could effectively enhance their potential biological properties of the polysaccharide.
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11
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Characterization, antioxidant and antitumor activities of polysaccharides from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:92-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Li H, Lee HS, Kim SH, Moon B, Lee C. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of methanol extracts of Tremella fuciformis and its major phenolic acids. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C460-8. [PMID: 24547933 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Methanol extract subfractions of the edible white jelly mushroom (Tremella fuciformis), were assessed for the following antioxidant properties: ABTS(+) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and inhibitory activity of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Among the subfractions tested, the chloroform subfraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with the highest total phenolic content (66.31 μg CAE/mg extract) and flavonoids content (5.12 μg QE/mg extract). The ABTS(+) radical scavenging activity of the chloroform subfraction was 7.89 μmol trolox/mg extract, which was the highest among all subfractions. This subfraction also showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and inhibitory activity of LDL oxidation. In addition, the chloroform subfraction demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Major phenolic acids from the mushroom extract were identified as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (323 mg/kg dry weight of mushroom), gentisic acid (174 mg/kg dry weight of mushroom), and 4-coumaric acid (30 mg/kg dry weight of mushroom).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang Univ., Gyeonggi, 456-756, South Korea
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Cha MH, Heo JY, Lee C, Lo YM, Moon B. Quality and Sensory Characterization of White Jelly Mushroom (T
remella fuciformis
) as a Meat Substitute in Pork Patty Formulation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Anseong 456-756 Korea
| | - Ji-Young Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Anseong 456-756 Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseong 456-756 Korea
| | - Y. Martin Lo
- Department of Nutrition and Food; University of Maryland; College Park MD
| | - Bokyung Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Anseong 456-756 Korea
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Long-Term Regeneration and Functional Recovery of a 15 mm Critical Nerve Gap Bridged by Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharide-Immobilized Polylactide Conduits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:959261. [PMID: 24027599 PMCID: PMC3763589 DOI: 10.1155/2013/959261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Novel peripheral nerve conduits containing the negatively charged Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TF) were prepared, and their efficacy in bridging a critical nerve gap was evaluated. The conduits were made of poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) with asymmetric microporous structure. TF was immobilized on the lumen surface of the nerve conduits after open air plasma activation. The TF-modified surface was characterized by the attenuated total reflection Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and the scanning electron microscopy. TF modification was found to enhance the neurotrophic gene expression of C6 glioma cells in vitro. TF-modified PLA nerve conduits were tested for their ability to bridge a 15 mm gap of rat sciatic nerve. Nerve regeneration was monitored by the magnetic resonance imaging. Results showed that TF immobilization promoted the nerve connection in 6 weeks. The functional recovery in animals receiving TF-immobilized conduits was greater than in those receiving the bare conduits during an 8-month period. The degree of functional recovery reached ~90% after 8 months in the group of TF-immobilized conduits.
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15
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Cha MH, Heo JY, Lee C, Lo YM, Moon B. Retracted
: Quality and Sensory Characterization of White Jelly Mushroom (Tremella fuciformis
) as a Meat Substitute in Pork Patty Formulation. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ha Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Anseoung Korea
| | - Ji-Young Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Anseoung Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; Anseoung Korea
| | - Y. Martin Lo
- Department of Nutrition and Food; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742
| | - BoKyung Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition; Chung-Ang University; Anseoung Korea
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Park HJ, Shim HS, Ahn YH, Kim KS, Park KJ, Choi WK, Ha HC, Kang JI, Kim TS, Yeo IH, Kim JS, Shim I. Tremella fuciformis enhances the neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells and restores trimethyltin-induced impairment of memory in rats via activation of CREB transcription and cholinergic systems. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Optimization of extraction of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides and its antioxidant and antitumour activities in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Khondka P. Composition and partial structure characterization of tremella polysaccharides. MYCOBIOLOGY 2009; 37:286-94. [PMID: 23983549 PMCID: PMC3749419 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2009.37.4.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heteropolysaccharides isolated from liquid cultures of nine Tremella species contained 0.3 to 1.2% protein, 2.7 to 5% ash, 0.9 to 3.4% acetyl groups, 76.5 to 84.2% carbohydrates and trace amounts of starch. The polysaccharides in aqueous solution were slightly acidic (pH 5.1 to 5.6). They consisted of the following monomeric sugars: fucose, ribose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose and glucuronic acid. The backbones of the polysaccharide structures consisted of α-(1→3)-links while the side chains were β-linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proma Khondka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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19
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Sun SJ, Chen DX, Xie BG, Hu FP, Zheng JG. Isolation ofGPDPromoter fromTremella fuciformisand Driving Expression ofEGFPGene. DNA Cell Biol 2009; 28:65-70. [PMID: 19196048 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2008.0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Sun
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Xing Chen
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Gui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Ping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Gui Zheng
- Institute of Agricultural Product Quality, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Park KJ, Lee SY, Kim HS, Yamazaki M, Chiba K, Ha HC. The Neuroprotective and Neurotrophic Effects of Tremella fuciformis in PC12h Cells. MYCOBIOLOGY 2007; 35:11-15. [PMID: 24015061 PMCID: PMC3763079 DOI: 10.4489/myco.2007.35.1.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We examined the neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects of Tremella fuciformis. The neurotrophic effects of the hot water extract of T. fuciformis was evaluated by microscopically monitoring its potency to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells. The hot water extract of T. fuciformis promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells in this study, superior to other natural substances which was reported previously. When cells were treated with the hot water extract of T. fuciformis prior to β-amyloid peptide treatment (active domain of A peptide 25~35 treated), toxicity was significantly diminished (p<0.01). These results suggest that T. fuciformis might potentially be used as a precautionary agent in neurodegenerative disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kum Ju Park
- Institute of Food & Culture R&D Center, Pulmuone Co., Ltd., Seoul 120-600, Korea
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Cho EJ, Oh JY, Chang HY, Yun JW. Production of exopolysaccharides by submerged mycelial culture of a mushroom Tremella fuciformis. J Biotechnol 2006; 127:129-40. [PMID: 16872706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of submerged culture conditions for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production in an edible mushroom Tremella fuciformis was studied in shake flasks and bioreactors. The temperature of 28 degrees C and pH 8 in the beginning of fermentation in agitated flasks was the most efficient condition to obtain maximum mycelial biomass and EPS. The optimal medium constituents were as follows (gL(-1)): glucose 20, tryptone 2, KH(2)PO(4) 0.46, K(2)HPO(4) 1 and MgSO(4).7H(2)O 0.5. The fungus was cultivated under various agitation and aeration conditions in a 5L stirred-tank bioreactor. The maximum cell mass and EPS production were obtained at a relatively high agitation speed of 200 rpm and at an aeration rate of 2 vvm. The flow behavior of the fermentation broth was Newtonian and the maximum apparent viscosity (35 cP) was observed at a highly aerated condition (2 vvm). The EPS productivity in an airlift reactor was higher than that in the stirred-tank reactor. The morphological study revealed that the fungus grows in mainly three different yeast-like forms: ovoid, elongated, and double yeast forms. The high population of the elongated yeast has a very close relationship to high EPS production. The EPS were protein-bound polysaccharides consisted of mainly mannose, xylose, and fucose. The molecular weights of EPS were determined to be (1.3-1.5)x10(6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jae Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Kyungsan, Kyungbuk 712-714, Republic of Korea
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Lo HC, Tsai FA, Wasser SP, Yang JG, Huang BM. Effects of ingested fruiting bodies, submerged culture biomass, and acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan of Tremella mesenterica Retz.:Fr. on glycemic responses in normal and diabetic rats. Life Sci 2006; 78:1957-66. [PMID: 16289235 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom polysaccharides have been shown to regulate glucose metabolism. Using male Wistar rats injected with saline (normal rats), streptozotocin (STZ-NT rats), or streptozotocin plus nicotinamide (STZ+NT rats), we investigated the hypoglycemic activity of orally ingested fruiting bodies (FB), submerged culture biomass (CM), or the acidic polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) of Tremella mesenterica, an edible jelly mushroom. Our results demonstrated that FB ingestion significantly attenuated the elevated blood glucose levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in STZ-NT rats. However, in STZ+NT rats, FB, CM, and GXM ingestion significantly attenuated the increases in food and water intake, 2-h postprandial blood glucose concentrations, and blood glucose levels in OGTT. Moreover, FB and GXM ingestion significantly decreased serum concentration of fructosamine in STZ+NT rats. Our results indicated that T. mesenterica might be developed as a potential oral hypoglycemic agent or functional food for diabetic patients and for persons with high risk for diabetes mellitus.
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MESH Headings
- Agaricales/chemistry
- Agaricales/growth & development
- Animals
- Biomass
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Diabetes Mellitus/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Fruiting Bodies, Fungal/chemistry
- Glucose Tolerance Test
- Hypoglycemia/blood
- Hypoglycemia/drug therapy
- Male
- Niacinamide
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Lo
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang-Jung Christian University, Tainan, 71101, Taiwan.
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Zhu H, Wang TW, Sun SJ, Shen YL, Wei DZ. Chromosomal integration of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene and its physiological actions in Tremella fuciformis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:770-6. [PMID: 16501972 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2005] [Revised: 12/24/2005] [Accepted: 12/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) gene was expressed in yeast-like conidia (YLCs) of Tremella fuciformis (T. fuciformis) to increase cell density in submerged fermentation by enhancing oxygen uptake. With the intention of doing this, an integrated expression vector containing the VHb gene and the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene derived from Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the selectable marker was constructed, and then transformed into protoplasts of YLCs from T. fuciformis with restriction enzyme-mediated DNA integration (REMI). Hygromycin-resistant transformants had been generated during the transformation. Molecular evidences including PCR assay, Southern blotting, and Western blot analysis indicated the VHb gene had been integrated into the genome of transgenic T. fuciformis strains and was expressed successfully. Shake-flask fermentation and bioreactor cultivation results showed that the expression of VHb in this fungus could enhance growth of YLCs. The final cell density was higher in the culture of VHb-expressing strain than that of the wild-type strain. Moreover, these results also suggested that CaMV35S promoter was capable of driving the expression of heterologous genes in T. fuciformis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT. Botanical polysaccharides: macrophage immunomodulation and therapeutic potential. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 6:317-33. [PMID: 16428067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 854] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Botanical polysaccharides exhibit a number of beneficial therapeutic properties, and it is thought that the mechanisms involved in these effects are due to the modulation of innate immunity and, more specifically, macrophage function. In this review, we summarize our current state of understanding of the macrophage modulatory effects of botanical polysaccharides isolated from a wide array of different species of flora, including higher plants, mushrooms, lichens and algae. Overall, the primary effect of botanical polysaccharides is to enhance and/or activate macrophage immune responses, leading to immunomodulation, anti-tumor activity, wound-healing and other therapeutic effects. Furthermore, botanical and microbial polysaccharides bind to common surface receptors and induce similar immunomodulatory responses in macrophages, suggesting that evolutionarily conserved polysaccharide structural features are shared between these organisms. Thus, the evaluation of botanical polysaccharides provides a unique opportunity for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents and adjuvants that exhibit beneficial immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Vinogradov E, Petersen BO, Duus JØ, Wasser S. The structure of the glucuronoxylomannan produced by culinary-medicinal yellow brain mushroom (Tremella mesenterica Ritz.:Fr., Heterobasidiomycetes) grown as one cell biomass in submerged culture. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1483-9. [PMID: 15178391 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The yellow brain mushroom Tremella mesenterica possesses a wide spectrum of medicinal properties, including immunostimulating, protecting against radiation, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, and antiallergic effects. A unique feature of T. mesenterica is that most of the above mentioned medicinal properties depend on glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) contained in fruiting bodies or produced in pure culture conditions. We developed a new strain of T. mesenterica CBS 101939, which grows in submerged culture and offers superior yields of one-cell biomass rich in exocellular heteropolysaccharide GXM. The structure of the GXM was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and chemical methods. The polysaccharide has a defined repeating unit structure, which is O-acetylated at several points: [structure: see text]. These results differ from previously published structure of Tremella extracellular polysaccharides, where mannan backbone was believed to be randomly glycosylated with xylan chains of different length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Vinogradov
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6.
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Khondkar P, Aidoo KE, Tester RF. Sugar profile of extracellular polysaccharides from different Tremella species. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 79:121-9. [PMID: 12382692 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(02)00186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heteropolysaccharides isolated from liquid cultures of Tremella species were derivatised to alditol acetates and identified by GLC against derivatised sugar standards. From the sugar profiles it was evident that all of the polysaccharides contained essentially the same sugars but in different ratios. Some of the polysaccharides contained the five carbon sugars-fucose, ribose, xylose and arabinose together with six carbon sugars-mannose, galactose and glucose. The uronic acid content of Tremella heteropolysaccharides also varied according to species. In addition, carbon source (arabinose, xylose, glucose, fructose and galactose) affected the sugar (including uronic acid content) ratio within the polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proma Khondkar
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
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