1
|
Szenti I, Efremova A, Kiss J, Sápi A, Óvári L, Halasi G, Haselmann U, Zhang Z, Morales-Vidal J, Baán K, Kukovecz Á, López N, Kónya Z. Pt/MnO Interface Induced Defects for High Reverse Water Gas Shift Activity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317343. [PMID: 38117671 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of supported metal catalysts heavily relies on the synergistic interactions between metal nanoparticles and the material they are dispersed on. It is clear that interfacial perimeter sites have outstanding skills for turning catalytic reactions over, however, high activity and selectivity of the designed interface-induced metal distortion can also obtain catalysts for the most crucial industrial processes as evidenced in this paper. Herein, the beneficial synergy established between designed Pt nanoparticles and MnO in the course of the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction resulted in a Pt/MnO catalyst having ≈10 times higher activity compared to the reference Pt/SBA-15 catalyst with >99 % CO selectivity. Under activation, a crystal assembly through the metallic Pt (110) and MnO evolved, where the plane distance differences caused a mismatched-row structure in softer Pt nanoparticles, which was identified by microscopic and surface-sensitive spectroscopic characterizations combined with density functional theory simulations. The generated edge dislocations caused the Pt lattice expansion which led to the weakening of the Pt-CO bond. Even though MnO also exhibited an adverse effect on Pt by lowering the number of exposed metal sites, rapid desorption of the linearly adsorbed CO species governed the performance of the Pt/MnO in the RWGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imre Szenti
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group Institution, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anastasiia Efremova
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Kiss
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group Institution, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Sápi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Óvári
- HUN-REN-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group Institution, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, 6728, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Halasi
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, 6728, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ulrich Haselmann
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Zaoli Zhang
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Jordi Morales-Vidal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avingua Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Kornélia Baán
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Kukovecz
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-CERCA), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group Institution, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rattigan E, Sun Z, Gallo T, Nino MA, Parreiras SDO, Martín-Fuentes C, Martin-Romano JC, Écija D, Escudero C, Villar I, Rodríguez-Fernández J, Lauritsen JV. The cobalt oxidation state in preferential CO oxidation on CoO x/Pt(111) investigated by operando X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9236-9246. [PMID: 35388844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a reducible transition metal oxide and a noble metal such as Pt often leads to active low-temperature catalysts for the preferential oxidation of CO in excess H2 gas (PROX reaction). While CO oxidation has been investigated for such systems in model studies, the added influence of hydrogen gas, representative of PROX, remains less explored. Herein, we use ambient pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on a CoOx/Pt(111) planar model catalyst to analyze the active phase and the adsorbed species at the CoOx/Pt(111) interface under atmospheres of CO and O2 with a varying partial pressure of H2 gas. By following the evolution of the Co oxidation state as the catalyst is brought to a reaction temperature of above 150 °C, we determine that the active state is characterized by the transformation from planar CoO with Co in the 2+ state to a mixed Co2+/Co3+ phase at the temperature where CO2 production is first observed. Furthermore, our spectroscopy observations of the surface species suggest a reaction pathway for CO oxidation, proceeding from CO exclusively adsorbed on Co2+ sites reacting with the lattice O from the oxide. Under steady state CO oxidation conditions (CO/O2), the mixed oxide phase is replenished from oxygen incorporating into cobalt oxide nanoislands. In CO/O2/H2, however, the onset of the active Co2+/Co3+ phase formation is surprisingly sensitive to the H2 pressure, which we explain by the formation of several possible hydroxylated intermediate phases that expose both Co2+ and Co3+. This variation, however, has no influence on the temperature where CO oxidation is observed. Our study points to the general importance of a dynamic reducibility window of cobalt oxide, which is influenced by hydroxylation, and the bonding strength of CO to the reduced oxide phase as important parameters for the activity of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan Rattigan
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Zhaozong Sun
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Tamires Gallo
- Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, Sölvegatan 14, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Miguel Angel Nino
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Martín-Fuentes
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Martin-Romano
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Villar
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jeppe V Lauritsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shavorskiy A, D’Acunto G, Boix de la Cruz V, Scardamaglia M, Zhu S, Temperton RH, Schnadt J, Knudsen J. Gas Pulse-X-Ray Probe Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy with Submillisecond Time Resolution. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47629-47641. [PMID: 34590812 PMCID: PMC8517956 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A setup capable of conducting gas pulse-X-ray probe ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy with high time resolution is presented. The setup makes use of a fast valve that creates gas pulses with an internal pressure in the mbar range and a rising edge of few hundreds of microseconds. A gated detector based on a fast camera is synchronized with the valve operation to measure X-ray photoemission spectra with up to 20 μs time resolution. The setup is characterized in several experiments in which the N2 gas is pulsed either into vacuum or a constant flow of another gas. The observed width of the pulse rising edge is 80 μs, and the maximum internal pulse pressure is ∼1 mbar. The CO oxidation reaction over Pt (111) was used to demonstrate the capability of the setup to correlate the gas phase composition with that of the surface during transient supply of CO gas into an O2 stream. Thus, formation of both chemisorbed and oxide oxygen species was observed prior to CO gas perturbation. Also, the data indicated that both the Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Mars-van-Krevelen mechanisms play an important role in the oxidation of carbon monoxide under ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio D’Acunto
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | | | | | - Suyun Zhu
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Joachim Schnadt
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
- Division
of Synchrotron Radiation, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rupprechter G. Operando Surface Spectroscopy and Microscopy during Catalytic Reactions: From Clusters via Nanoparticles to Meso-Scale Aggregates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004289. [PMID: 33694320 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Operando characterization of working catalysts, requiring per definitionem the simultaneous measurement of catalytic performance, is crucial to identify the relevant catalyst structure, composition and adsorbed species. Frequently applied operando techniques are discussed, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. In contrast to these area-averaging spectroscopies, operando surface microscopy by photoemission electron microscopy delivers spatially-resolved data, directly visualizing catalyst heterogeneity. For thorough interpretation, the experimental results should be complemented by density functional theory. The operando approach enables to identify changes of cluster/nanoparticle structure and composition during ongoing catalytic reactions and reveal how molecules interact with surfaces and interfaces. The case studies cover the length-scales from clusters via nanoparticles to meso-scale aggregates, and demonstrate the benefits of specific operando methods. Restructuring, ligand/atom mobility, and surface composition alterations during the reaction may have pronounced effects on activity and selectivity. The nanoscale metal/oxide interface steers catalytic performance via a long ranging effect. Combining operando spectroscopy with switching gas feeds or concentration-modulation provides further mechanistic insights. The obtained fundamental understanding is a prerequisite for improving catalytic performance and for rational design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Albinsson D, Bartling S, Nilsson S, Ström H, Fritzsche J, Langhammer C. Shedding Light on CO Oxidation Surface Chemistry on Single Pt Catalyst Nanoparticles Inside a Nanofluidic Model Pore. ACS Catal 2021; 11:2021-2033. [PMID: 33643681 PMCID: PMC7901062 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Investigating a catalyst under relevant application conditions is experimentally challenging and parameters like reaction conditions in terms of temperature, pressure, and reactant mixing ratios, as well as catalyst design, may significantly impact the obtained experimental results. For Pt catalysts widely used for the oxidation of carbon monoxide, there is keen debate on the oxidation state of the surface at high temperatures and at/above atmospheric pressure, as well as on the most active surface state under these conditions. Here, we employ a nanoreactor in combination with single-particle plasmonic nanospectroscopy to investigate individual Pt catalyst nanoparticles localized inside a nanofluidic model pore during carbon monoxide oxidation at 2 bar in the 450-550 K temperature range. As a main finding, we demonstrate that our single-particle measurements effectively resolve a kinetic phase transition during the reaction and that each individual particle has a unique response. Based on spatially resolved measurements, we furthermore observe how reactant concentration gradients formed due to conversion inside the model pore give rise to position-dependent kinetic phase transitions of the individual particles. Finally, employing extensive electrodynamics simulations, we unravel the surface chemistry of the individual Pt nanoparticles as a function of reactant composition and find strongly temperature-dependent Pt-oxide formation and oxygen spillover to the SiO2 support as the main processes. These results therefore support the existence of a Pt surface oxide in the regime of high catalyst activity and demonstrate the possibility to use plasmonic nanospectroscopy in combination with nanofluidics as a tool for in situ studies of individual catalyst particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Albinsson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stephan Bartling
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department
of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department
of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Garcia‐Martinez F, García‐Fernández C, Simonovis JP, Hunt A, Walter A, Waluyo I, Bertram F, Merte LR, Shipilin M, Pfaff S, Blomberg S, Zetterberg J, Gustafson J, Lundgren E, Sánchez‐Portal D, Schiller F, Ortega JE. Catalytic Oxidation of CO on a Curved Pt(111) Surface: Simultaneous Ignition at All Facets through a Transient CO‐O Complex**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garcia‐Martinez
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center Manuel Lardizabal 5 20018 San Sebastian Spain
| | - Carlos García‐Fernández
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center Manuel Lardizabal 5 20018 San Sebastian Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Simonovis
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Adrian Hunt
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Andrew Walter
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Blomberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering Lund University 221 000 Lund Sweden
| | | | | | - Edvin Lundgren
- Department of Physics Lund University 221 000 Lund Sweden
| | - Daniel Sánchez‐Portal
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center Manuel Lardizabal 5 20018 San Sebastian Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center Manuel Lardizabal 5 20018 San Sebastian Spain
| | - J. Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center Manuel Lardizabal 5 20018 San Sebastian Spain
- Departamento Física Aplicada I Universidad del País Vasco 20018 San Sebastian Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 San Sebastian Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garcia-Martinez F, García-Fernández C, Simonovis JP, Hunt A, Walter A, Waluyo I, Bertram F, Merte LR, Shipilin M, Pfaff S, Blomberg S, Zetterberg J, Gustafson J, Lundgren E, Sánchez-Portal D, Schiller F, Ortega JE. Catalytic Oxidation of CO on a Curved Pt(111) Surface: Simultaneous Ignition at All Facets through a Transient CO-O Complex*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20037-20043. [PMID: 32701180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic oxidation of CO on transition metals, such as Pt, is commonly viewed as a sharp transition from the CO-inhibited surface to the active metal, covered with O. However, we find that minor amounts of O are present in the CO-poisoned layer that explain why, surprisingly, CO desorbs at stepped and flat Pt crystal planes at once, regardless of the reaction conditions. Using near-ambient pressure X-ray photoemission and a curved Pt(111) crystal we probe the chemical composition at surfaces with variable step density during the CO oxidation reaction. Analysis of C and O core levels across the curved crystal reveals that, right before light-off, subsurface O builds up within (111) terraces. This is key to trigger the simultaneous ignition of the catalytic reaction at different Pt surfaces: a CO-Pt-O complex is formed that equals the CO chemisorption energy at terraces and steps, leading to the abrupt desorption of poisoning CO from all crystal facets at the same temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Garcia-Martinez
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Fernández
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Simonovis
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Adrian Hunt
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Andrew Walter
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Iradwikanari Waluyo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Florian Bertram
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 000, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lindsay R Merte
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 000, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sebastian Pfaff
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 000, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Blomberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, 221 000, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Gustafson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 000, Lund, Sweden
| | - Edvin Lundgren
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 221 000, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Frederik Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - J Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-, Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.,Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schnadt J, Knudsen J, Johansson N. Present and new frontiers in materials research by ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:413003. [PMID: 32438360 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab9565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this topical review we catagorise all ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy publications that have appeared between the 1970s and the end of 2018 according to their scientific field. We find that catalysis, surface science and materials science are predominant, while, for example, electrocatalysis and thin film growth are emerging. All catalysis publications that we could identify are cited, and selected case stories with increasing complexity in terms of surface structure or chemical reaction are discussed. For thin film growth we discuss recent examples from chemical vapour deposition and atomic layer deposition. Finally, we also discuss current frontiers of ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy research, indicating some directions of future development of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schnadt
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Knudsen
- Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen L, Tao FF, Tang Y, Dou J, Bao XJ. Understanding Catalyst Surfaces during Catalysis through Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6822-6905. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Nguyen
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Yu Tang
- Institute of In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis and State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment and College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Jian Dou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Xiao-Jun Bao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Sugiyama K, Sumiya Y, Takagi M, Saita K, Maeda S. Understanding CO oxidation on the Pt(111) surface based on a reaction route network. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14366-14375. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic analysis by the rate constant matrix contraction on the reaction route network of CO oxidation on the Pt(111) surface obtained by the artificial force induced reaction reveals the impact of entropic contributions arising from a variety of local minima and transition states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanami Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Yosuke Sumiya
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Makito Takagi
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kenichiro Saita
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schiller F, Ilyn M, Pérez-Dieste V, Escudero C, Huck-Iriart C, Ruiz del Arbol N, Hagman B, Merte LR, Bertram F, Shipilin M, Blomberg S, Gustafson J, Lundgren E, Ortega JE. Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on a Curved Pd Crystal: Spatial Variation of Active and Poisoning Phases in Stationary Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16245-16252. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Schiller
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Max Ilyn
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Virginia Pérez-Dieste
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Escudero
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristián Huck-Iriart
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Campus Miguelete, 25 de Mayo y Francia, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Blomberg
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | | | - Edvin Lundgren
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - J. Enrique Ortega
- Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC/UPV-EHU-Materials Physics Center, Manuel Lardizabal 5, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Centre, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
- Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco, 20018-San Sebastian, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vakili R, Gibson EK, Chansai S, Xu S, Al‐Janabi N, Wells PP, Hardacre C, Walton A, Fan X. Understanding the CO Oxidation on Pt Nanoparticles Supported on MOFs by Operando XPS. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:4238-4242. [PMID: 31007773 PMCID: PMC6470863 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are playing a key role in developing the next generation of heterogeneous catalysts. In this work, near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is applied to study in operando the CO oxidation on Pt@MOFs (UiO-67) and Pt@ZrO2 catalysts, revealing the same Pt surface dynamics under the stoichiometric CO/O2 ambient at 3 mbar. Upon the ignition at ca. 200 °C, the signature Pt binding energy (BE) shift towards the lower BE (from 71.8 to 71.2 eV) is observed for all catalysts, confirming metallic Pt nanoparticles (NPs) as the active phase. Additionally, the plug-flow light-off experiments show the superior activity of the Pt@MOFs catalyst in CO oxidation than the control Pt@ZrO2 catalyst with ca. 28 % drop in the T 50% light-off temperature, as well as high stability, due to their sintering-resistance feature. These results provide evidence that the uniqueness of MOFs as the catalyst supports lies in the structural confinement effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Vakili
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Emma K. Gibson
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Glasgow University AvenueGlasgowG12 8QQUK
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell OxonDidcotOX11 0FAUK
| | - Sarayute Chansai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Shaojun Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Nadeen Al‐Janabi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Peter P. Wells
- UK Catalysis HubResearch Complex at Harwell Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell OxonDidcotOX11 0FAUK
- ChemistryUniversity of Southampton HighfieldSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Christopher Hardacre
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Alex Walton
- School of ChemistryThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
- Institution Photon Science InstituteThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Xiaolei Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical ScienceThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim J, Park WH, Doh WH, Lee SW, Noh MC, Gallet JJ, Bournel F, Kondoh H, Mase K, Jung Y, Mun BS, Park JY. Adsorbate-driven reactive interfacial Pt-NiO 1-x nanostructure formation on the Pt 3Ni(111) alloy surface. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat3151. [PMID: 30027118 PMCID: PMC6044734 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat3151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the synergistic catalytic effect between metal catalysts and reducible oxides has been debated for decades. Clarification of this effect, namely, the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI), requires an understanding of the geometric and electronic structures of metal-metal oxide interfaces under operando conditions. We show that the inherent lattice mismatch of bimetallic materials selectively creates surface segregation of subsurface metal atoms. Interfacial metal-metal oxide nanostructures are then formed under chemical reaction environments at ambient pressure, which thus increases the catalytic activity for the CO oxidation reaction. Our in situ surface characterizations using ambient-pressure scanning tunneling microscopy and ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy exhibit (i) a Pt-skin layer on the Pt-Ni alloyed surface under ultrahigh vacuum, (ii) selective Ni segregation followed by the formation of NiO1-x clusters under oxygen gas, and (iii) the coexistence of NiO1-x clusters on the Pt-skin during the CO oxidation reaction. The formation of interfacial Pt-NiO1-x nanostructures is responsible for a highly efficient step in the CO oxidation reaction. Density functional theory calculations of the Pt3Ni(111) surface demonstrate that a CO molecule adsorbed on an exposed Pt atom with an interfacial oxygen from a segregated NiO1-x cluster has a low surface energy barrier of 0.37 eV, compared with 0.86 eV for the Pt(111) surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongjin Kim
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Hyeon Park
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hui Doh
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Woo Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Cheol Noh
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean-Jacques Gallet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, France
| | - Fabrice Bournel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, CNRS, France
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-Ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mase
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Simon Mun
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Center for Advanced X-ray Science, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jia C, Zhong W, Deng M, Jiang J. CO oxidation on Ru-Pt bimetallic nanoclusters supported on TiO 2(101): The effect of charge polarization. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124701. [PMID: 29604843 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pt-based catalyst is widely used in CO oxidation, while its catalytic activity is often undermined because of the CO poisoning effect. Here, using density functional theory, we propose the use of a Ru-Pt bimetallic cluster supported on TiO2 for CO oxidation, to achieve both high activity and low CO poisoning effect. Excellent catalytic activity is obtained in a Ru1Pt7/TiO2(101) system, which is ascribed to strong electric fields induced by charge polarization between one Ru atom and its neighboring Pt atoms. Because of its lower electronegativity, the Ru atom donates electrons to neighboring Pt. This induces strong electric fields around the top-layered Ru, substantially promoting the adsorption of O2/CO + O2 and eliminating the CO poisoning effect. In addition, the charge polarization also drives the d-band center of the Ru1Pt7 cluster to up-shift to the Fermi level. For surface O2 activation/CO oxidation, the strong electric field and d-band center close to the Fermi level can promote the adsorption of O2 and CO as well as reduce the reaction barrier of the rate-determining step. Meanwhile, since O2 easily dissociates on Ru1Pt7/TiO2(101) resulting in unwanted oxidation of Ru and Pt, a CO-rich condition is necessary to protect the catalyst at high temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyi Jia
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Institute of Applied Physics, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Wenhui Zhong
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Institute of Applied Physics, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Institute of Applied Physics, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advance Manufacturing Technology, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sápi A, Halasi G, Kiss J, Dobó DG, Juhász KL, Kolcsár VJ, Ferencz Z, Vári G, Matolin V, Erdőhelyi A, Kukovecz Á, Kónya Z. In Situ DRIFTS and NAP-XPS Exploration of the Complexity of CO2 Hydrogenation over Size-Controlled Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous NiO. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimír Matolin
- Surface Physics Group, Charles University in Prague, Praha
8, CZ-180 00 Libeň, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Roy K, Artiglia L, van Bokhoven JA. Ambient Pressure Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Opportunities in Catalysis from Solids to Liquids and Introducing Time Resolution. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Roy
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| | - Luca Artiglia
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; Villigen Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Du Y, Li L, Wang X, Qiu H. A Newly Designed Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy System for In Situ Characterization from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:122-128. [PMID: 29069912 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817742053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) compatible polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) system that is designed for in situ surface spectroscopic characterization on a transferable single crystalline sample. The innovative design of manipulator rod and high-pressure cell (HPC) ensures free movement of the sample between the preparation chamber and the HPC, and perfect separation of them during high pressure experiments. The pressure in the HPC can be varied from UHV (10-9 mbar) to ambient pressure (1000 mbar) while keeping the preparation chamber under UHV conditions. The design of the transferable sample holder and receiving stage allows precise temperature measurement and allows convenient sample changing. In situ IRRAS measurements under variable pressure and temperature can be conducted either in the conventional mode or with polarization modulation. Other surface characterization methods can also use the preparation chamber; thus, the system is endowed with the capability for systematic investigations of surface catalytic reactions. A case study of CO adsorption and oxidation on Pt(111) demonstrates the performance of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Du
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
- 2 74610 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
- 2 74610 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
- 2 74610 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengshan Qiu
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Johansson N, Andersen M, Monya Y, Andersen JN, Kondoh H, Schnadt J, Knudsen J. Ambient pressure phase transitions over Ir(1 1 1): at the onset of CO oxidation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:444002. [PMID: 28872053 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8a44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report on the adsorbate structures on an Ir(1 1 1) surface during the phase transition from the inactive to the active state during CO oxidation. The CO oxidation over Pt(1 1 1) is used as a reference case. Where Pt(1 1 1) either is inactive and CO covered or active and O covered, Ir(1 1 1) exhibits a transition state with co-existing chemisorbed O and CO. The observed structural differences are explained in terms of DFT-calculated adsorption energies. For Pt(1 1 1) the repulsive CO-O interaction makes co-existing chemisorbed CO and O unfavourable, while for Ir(1 1 1) the stronger O and CO adsorption allows for overcoming the repulsive interaction. At the onset of CO oxidation over Ir(1 1 1), a CO structure containing defects forms, which enables O2 to dissociatively adsorb on the Ir(1 1 1) surface, thus enabling the CO oxidation reaction. At the mass transfer limit, the Ir(1 1 1) surface is covered by a chemisorbed O structure with defects; hence, the active surface is predominately chemisorbed O covered at a total pressure of 0.5 mbar and no oxide formation is observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Johansson
- Division of Synchrotron radiation research, Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Montemore MM, van Spronsen MA, Madix RJ, Friend CM. O2 Activation by Metal Surfaces: Implications for Bonding and Reactivity on Heterogeneous Catalysts. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2816-2862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Montemore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthijs A. van Spronsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert J. Madix
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Friend
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vandichel M, Moscu A, Grönbeck H. Catalysis at the Rim: A Mechanism for Low Temperature CO Oxidation over Pt3Sn. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vandichel
- Department of Physics and Competence
Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Alina Moscu
- Department of Physics and Competence
Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department of Physics and Competence
Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Spierenburg R, Jacobse L, de Bruin I, van den Bos DJ, Vis DM, Juurlink LBF. Misconceptions in the Exploding Flask Demonstration Resolved through Students' Critical Thinking. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 2017; 94:1209-1216. [PMID: 28919643 PMCID: PMC5597953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As it connects to a large set of important fundamental ideas in chemistry and analytical techniques discussed in high school chemistry curricula, we review the exploding flask demonstration. In this demonstration, methanol vapor is catalytically oxidized by a Pt wire catalyst in an open container. The exothermicity of reactions occurring at the catalytic surface heats the metal to the extent that it glows. When restricting reactant and product gas flow, conditions may favor repetitive occurrence of a small explosion. We show how mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy allow for unravelling the chemical background of this demonstration and discuss various ideas on how to use it in a classroom setting to engage students' critical thinking about chemical research. Along the way, we show that two commonly published ideas about the chemical background of this demonstration are incorrect, and we suggest simple tests that may be performed in a high school setting either as an addition to the demonstration or as a student research project.
Collapse
|
23
|
Onderwaater W, Taranovskyy A, van Baarle GC, Frenken JWM, Groot IMN. In Situ Optical Reflectance Difference Observations of CO Oxidation over Pd(100). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:11407-11415. [PMID: 28603579 PMCID: PMC5462488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a home-built reflectometer, we have investigated the changes in the optical reflectivity of a Pd(100) model catalyst during CO oxidation under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. We observe changes in optical contrast when exposing the surface to CO oxidation conditions at 200 mbar from room temperature up to 400 °C. These changes in reflectivity are a result both of the formation of a surface oxide layer and of a change in surface roughness because of gas exposure. However, the reflectivity is more sensitive to the presence of a thin, flat oxide layer than to surface roughness. CO oxidation plays an important role in the decrease of the reflectivity. Since adding a reducing agent to the gas mixture renders it unlikely that the oxide thickness increases, we conclude that the observed decrease in reflectivity is dominated by increased surface roughness because of the catalytic reaction. We contribute this observed surface roughening to a Mars-van Krevelen-type reaction mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem
G. Onderwaater
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- European
Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andriy Taranovskyy
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost W. M. Frenken
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Huygens-Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Oh S, Back S, Doh WH, Moon SY, Kim J, Jung Y, Park JY. Probing surface oxide formations on SiO2-supported platinum nanocatalysts under CO oxidation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08952j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Formations of an ultrathin oxide layer on noble metal catalysts affect the characteristics of fundamental molecular behaviours such as adsorption, diffusion, and desorption on their surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Oh
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
| | - Seoin Back
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hui Doh
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Song Yi Moon
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
| | - Jeongjin Kim
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
| | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Graduate School of EEWS
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 34141
- Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
van Spronsen MA, Frenken JWM, Groot IMN. Surface science under reaction conditions: CO oxidation on Pt and Pd model catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4347-4374. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00045f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Application of surface-science techniques, such as XPS, SXRD, STM, and IR spectroscopy under catalytic reactions conditions yield new structural and chemical information. Recent experiments focusing on CO oxidation over Pt and Pd model catalysts were reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joost W. M. Frenken
- Advanced Research Center for Nanolithography
- 1090 BA Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|