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Macherla S, Varghese J, Nayak UY, Velagacherla V, Lobo R, U V, Kamath V. Formulation and assessment of biological properties of garcinia indica fruit extract mouthrinse as an adjunct to oral hygiene regimen: an in vitro analysis. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20230291. [PMID: 38865512 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of gingivitis is substantial within the general population, necessitating rigorous oral hygiene maintenance. OBJECTIVE This study assessed a Garcinia indica (GI) fruit extract-based mouthrinse, comparing it to a 0.1% turmeric mouthrinse and a 0.2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthrinse. The evaluation encompassed substantivity, staining potential, antimicrobial efficacy and cytocompatibility. METHODOLOGY The study employed 182 tooth sections. For antimicrobial analysis, 64 extracted human teeth coated with a polymicrobial biofilm were divided into four groups, each receiving an experimental mouthrinse or serving as a control group with distilled water. Microbial reduction was assessed through colony forming units (CFU). Substantivity was evaluated on 54 human tooth sections using a UV spectrophotometer, while staining potential was examined on 64 tooth sections. Cytocompatibility was tested using colorimetric assay to determine non-toxic levels of 0.2% GI fruit extract, 0.1% Turmeric, and 0.2% CHX. RESULTS Data were analysed with one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). Cell viability was highly significant (p<0.001) in the 0.2% GI group (64.1±0.29) compared to 0.1% Turmeric (40.2±0.34) and 0.2% CHX (10.95±1.40). For antimicrobial activity, both 0.2% GI (20.18±4.81) and 0.2% CHX (28.22±5.41) exhibited no significant difference (P>0.05) at end of 12 hours. However, 0.1% Turmeric showed minimal CFU reduction (P<0.001). Substantivity results at 360 minutes indicated statistically significant higher mean release rate in 0.1%Turmeric (12.47±5.84 ) when compared to 0.2% GI (5.02±3.04) and 0.2% CHX (4.13±2.25) (p<0.001). The overall discoloration changes (∆E) were more prominent in the 0.2% CHX group (18.65±8.3) compared to 0.2% GI (7.61±2.4) and 0.1% Turmeric (7.32±4.9) (P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study supports 0.2% GI and 0.1% Turmeric mouth rinses as potential natural alternatives to chemical mouth rinses. These findings highlight viability of these natural supplements in oral healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravya Macherla
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jothi Varghese
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Department of Periodontology, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Y Nayak
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Varalakshmi Velagacherla
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Richard Lobo
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Viswanatha U
- Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Centre for Research in Ayurveda & Allied sciences, Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinayak Kamath
- Goa Dental College and Hospital, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bambolim, Goa, India
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Noureldin A, Alshehri W, Tapias H, Mallonee L, Mancl LM, Milgrom P, Svboda K. Efficacy of 38% silver diamine fluoride in reducing gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation in older adults living in retirement-homes: A randomized controlled pilot trial. J Dent 2024; 143:104890. [PMID: 38387597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emerging from earlier case reports the potential benefits of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in addressing pathogenic biofilms and mitigating gingival inflammation and enlargement have sparked interest. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 38 % SDF in reducing gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation in older adults living in retirement-homes. METHODS This 7-week randomized, controlled, double-blinded pilot trial employed a parallel assignment design. The study enrolled older adults (aged ≥65) residing in retirement homes in Dallas County, ultimately comprising a cohort of 40 participants who were evenly divided into two arms. The experimental group received SDF treatment, whereas the comparator group received a placebo. Over three consecutive weeks, both groups had solutions applied to the facial surfaces of all their teeth once per week. The primary outcomes measured the change in Löe-Silness Gingival Index (GI) and Silness-Löe Plaque Index (PI) at 7 weeks following baseline treatment. Repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to assess changes over time within each group (n = 15 each). Post-hoc paired t-tests were conducted to compare changes between week 1 and each subsequent follow-up time point (weeks 3, 5, 7), supplemented with 95 % confidence intervals for change from week 1. RESULTS In the SDF group, within-group comparisons demonstrated significant reductions (adjusted p < .05) in GI scores within 3 weeks (-.93±.37), as opposed to week 1 (1.90±.39). Between-group comparisons unveiled reductions in both mean GI (p < .05) and PI (p < .05), indicating less gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation in the SDF group at all time points, commencing at week 3. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that 38 % SDF was effective in reducing gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation in older adults living in retirement-homes. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Oral health in older adults is a public health concern, especially for the medically compromised or those without traditional care. Our findings offer hope for enhancing oral health quality of life by introducing a cost-effective, compliance-free, noninvasive, and accessible therapeutic. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03445286.(clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Noureldin
- Department of Department Public Health Sciences, Texas A&M University, School of Dentistry, United States
| | - Wedad Alshehri
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, United States
| | - Helena Tapias
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, Texas A&M University, School of Dentistry, United States
| | - Lisa Mallonee
- School of Dental Hygiene, Texas A&M University, School of Dentistry, United States
| | - Lloyd M Mancl
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475, United States
| | - Peter Milgrom
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475, United States.
| | - Kathy Svboda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, United States
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Kartit Z, Delacroix C, Clement C, Beurrier M, Mouton-Faivre C, Petitpain N. Sodium hypochlorite accident diagnosis and management: Analysis from the literature and the French pharmacovigilance database. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38268036 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is considered as the reference irrigation solution in endodontics. However, NaOCl-related accidents may occur, and non-dentist health professionals might under-recognize this rare adverse effect although it is potentially severe, with possible medical and aesthetic sequelae. We performed a literature review to provide to non-dentist healthcare professionals a large picture of symptoms, management and potential consequences of NaOCl accidents. METHODS We queried PubMed and the French Pharmacovigilance database and retrieved 76 cases for analysis (70 from 57 published articles, and six from the database). RESULTS The analysis showed that patients were mostly women (79%), aged around of 42 years, undergoing upper jawbone (74%) endodontic procedure. NaOCl concentration ranged from 1% to 10%, with 0.5 to 30 mL injected. Most cases (86%) corresponded to an accidental extrusion beyond the root apex to the periapical tissues, followed by tissular injection by error (8%) and extrusion into the maxillary sinus (3%). Local symptoms always occurred within 24 h, mostly pain (99%), edema (89%) and/or ecchymosis (61%). Complications were mainly neurological (29%), necrotic (22%) and cutaneous (9%). Most of patients (76%) fully recovered after medical management but 18 (24%) required surgical management. CONCLUSION Any healthcare professional should be aware of the classical symptomatic triad of NaOCl accident with sudden pain, haemorrhage/ecchymosis and swelling, to start or recommend adequate management. Patients should be reassured, but a close follow-up is necessary to avoid delayed complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahoua Kartit
- Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, CHRU Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Céline Delacroix
- Service de Dermatologie-allergologie, CHRU Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Céline Clement
- Département de Prévention-Épidémiologie-Économie de la Santé-Odontologie Légale, CHRU Nancy, Faculté d'odontologie, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Mathilde Beurrier
- Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, CHRU Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Claudie Mouton-Faivre
- Service de Dermatologie-allergologie, CHRU Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Nadine Petitpain
- Centre Régional de Pharmacovigilance, CHRU Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Raphael da Silva L, Faria G. Research methods assessing sodium hypochlorite cytotoxicity: A scoping review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23060. [PMID: 38192787 PMCID: PMC10772573 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) cytotoxicity has been assessed using different methodologies, which has led to arbitrary interpretations. This scoping review aimed to discuss the different methodological protocols for assessing NaOCl cytotoxicity. A literature review performed in the PubMed and Embase databases up to July 2023 identified manuscripts reporting NaOCl cytotoxicity. The dataset identified 546 publications, further screened by 2 reviewers. Ninety studies were identified and mined methodologically to collect information on cell type, cytotoxicity assay, NaOCl dilution solutions, presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS), and NaOCl exposure time. The culture medium used in cytotoxicity assays contains buffering substances that neutralize the pH of NaOCl, thus reducing its cytotoxicity, an approach that may lead to bias when solutions with different pH are compared. For short exposure periods, as in simulations to evaluate the contact between irrigant and periapical tissue cells during chemo-mechanical preparation, NaOCl dilution should be performed with saline, which does not buffer the irrigant. For long exposure periods, as in simulations of irrigant extrusions, NaOCl should be diluted in the culture medium, to reproduce the expected buffering effect occurring in extrusions. The presence of FBS in culture medium can decrease NaOCl toxicity. There is no standardization of NaOCl cytotoxicity methodologies. This poses the risk of arriving at incorrect results and, therefore, pertinent tests must be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Raphael da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University -UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Coaguila-Llerena H, Ochoa-Rodríguez VM, Passos Barbieri I, Ramos SG, Faria G. Calcium hypochlorite cytotoxicity mechanism in fibroblasts and effect on osteoblast mineralization. Int Endod J 2024; 57:64-77. [PMID: 37814380 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the cytotoxicity mechanism of 2.5% calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2 ] in L929 fibroblasts and the effect of this solution on human osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) mineralization, compared to that of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODOLOGY L929 fibroblasts were exposed to Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl at different dilutions for 10 min. Cell metabolism was assessed by methyl-thiazole-tetrazolium (MTT); lysosome integrity, by neutral red (NR) assay; type of cell death, by flow cytometry (apoptosis/necrosis); cytoskeleton, by actin and α-tubulin fluorescence and cell ultrastructure, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation were determined in Saos-2 by thymolphthalein release and alizarin red staining (ARS), respectively. The data were analysed by two-way anova and Bonferroni's post-test (α = .05). RESULTS Ca(OCl)2 promoted higher cell viability and a lower percentage of apoptosis and necrosis than NaOCl (p < .05). Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl decreased cell metabolism and lysosome integrity, induced the breakdown of microtubules and actin filaments, promoted alterations of rough endoplasmic reticulum and disruption of mitochondrial cristae. Additionally, Ca(OCl)2 did not induce ALP activity and had no effect on mineralized nodules formation. CONCLUSIONS Although Ca(OCl)2 and NaOCl promoted the same cytotoxicity mechanism, Ca(OCl)2 was less cytotoxic than NaOCl. As for ALP activity, no differences were observed between NaOCl and Ca(OCl)2 . The production of mineralized nodules induced by Ca(OCl)2 was lower than those induced by NaOCl, but was not different from those induced by the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Victor Manuel Ochoa-Rodríguez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Isadora Passos Barbieri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Simone Gusmão Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Kaypetch R, Rudrakanjana P, Tua-Ngam P, Tosrisawatkasem O, Thairat S, Tonput P, Tantivitayakul P. Effects of two novel denture cleansers on multispecies microbial biofilms, stain removal and the denture surface: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:852. [PMID: 37951865 PMCID: PMC10640750 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuously increasing demand for removable denture appliances and the importance of adequate denture cleaning have led to the development of various denture cleansing products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two novel denture cleansing agents (GE and TM) and three commonly available cleansers (0.5% sodium hypochlorite; NaClO, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate; CHX, and Polident®; POL) on multispecies microbial biofilm formation, stain removal and physical properties of dentures. METHODS The antimicrobial activities of denture cleansing agents were determined against major oral opportunistic pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans, using time-kill assays. Multispecies microbial biofilms grown on acrylic resins for 72 h were generated to determine the antibiofilm effects of cleansing agents by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Evaluations of the tea and coffee stain removal properties and the alterations in the physical properties of dentures were also performed. The toxicity of cleanser residues released from denture acrylics to fibroblast cells was investigated using MTT assay. RESULTS All denture cleansing agents tested could effectively kill oral bacteria and Candida albicans. Furthermore, after immersion for more than 3 h, the cleansers Polident®, GE and TM could efficiently penetrate and inhibit multispecies denture biofilms with effects similar to 10 min of immersion in 0.5% NaClO. However, immersion in 0.12% CHX for 20 min showed less antibiofilm activity. The NaClO solution had the highest efficacy for removing stains from the artificial teeth. Conversely, the CHX solution enhanced tea and coffee staining, and the teeth immersed in this solution showed clinically unacceptable colour changes (ΔE > 5.5). However, the colour differences of teeth stained and immersed in POL, GE and TM cleansers were in the clinically acceptable range. There was no significant difference among the POL, GE and TM cleansers in terms of stain removal efficacy. The cleansers GE and TM did not alter the surface roughness and colour of the materials, moreover the residues of both cleansers did not exhibit cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION Two novel denture cleansing agents containing natural products, GE and TM exhibited effective antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm and stain removal capabilities without toxicity or disturbance of the physical properties of acrylics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattiporn Kaypetch
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Peerapong Tua-Ngam
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orada Tosrisawatkasem
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Sarut Thairat
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pairin Tonput
- Research office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Tantivitayakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Rajthevi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Saha S, Boesch C, Maycock J, Wood S, Do T. Sweet Orange Juice Processing By-Product Extracts: A Caries Management Alternative to Chlorhexidine. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1607. [PMID: 38002290 PMCID: PMC10669069 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases globally in both children and adults. This study investigated the potential of industrial sweet orange waste extracts (ISOWE) as a substitute for chlorhexidine (CHX) in managing dental caries. First, the cytotoxicity of ISOWE (40, 80, 120 mg/mL) and CHX (0.1 and 0.2%) on buccal epithelial cells was determined. ISOWE exhibited no overall toxicity, whereas CHX strongly affected cell viability. The combination of ISOWE and CHX significantly enhanced cell proliferation compared to CHX alone. Next, the antimicrobial efficacy of ISOWE, CHX, and their combination was assessed against a 7-day complex biofilm model inoculated with oral samples from human volunteers. CHX exhibited indiscriminate antimicrobial action, affecting both pathogenic and health-associated oral microorganisms. ISOWE demonstrated lower antimicrobial efficacy than CHX but showed enhanced efficacy against pathogenic species while preserving the oral microbiome's balance. When applied to a cariogenic biofilm, the combined treatment of ISOWE with 0.1% CHX showed similar efficacy to 0.2% CHX treatment alone. Overall, the findings suggest that ISOWE is a promising natural anti-cariogenic agent with lower toxicity and enhanced selectivity for pathogenic species compared to CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvro Saha
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
| | - Joanne Maycock
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (S.S.)
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Thuy Do
- School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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Mokhtari H, Milani AS, Zand V, Shakuie S, Nazari L. The effect of different concentrations and temperatures of sodium hypochlorite irrigation on pain intensity following endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:859-867. [PMID: 37345724 PMCID: PMC10582240 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the severity of pain after endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis following the use of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at different temperatures and concentrations. METHODS In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 72 patients with mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis were randomly assigned to six groups. The teeth were anesthetized and the root canals were prepared. During the instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with NaOCl solution at concentrations of 0.5% and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C, 2.5°C were achieved through cryotherapy. Assessment of pain was conducted before, immediately after, and 3, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. After obturation, the patients recorded their pain intensity at different time intervals on the visual analog scale (VAS) and reported the number of analgesics tablets they used. The frequency of analgesics tablets and their effect on pain sensation was recorded in the second part of the form. Repeated measures two-way analysis of variance test was used to compare the trend of pain changes over time between two intervals of time in each group. Friedman's nonparametric test was used to compare the intragroup mean score of pain over time and Kruskal-Wallis for comparing the intergroup mean score. RESULTS Changes in VAS pain scores of all the groups were significant over time (p < .001). Pain in all the groups decreased immediately after treatment and increased 3 h after treatment. There were no significant differences in pain ratings and the number of analgesics tablets used in the groups of NaOCl with different concentrations and temperatures over time. CONCLUSIONS Within the study's limitations, we concluded that there was no significant difference between concentrations of 0.5%, and 1% and temperatures of 2.5°C, 22°C, and 40°C in pain intensity following endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Mokhtari
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Amin Salem Milani
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Vahid Zand
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sahar Shakuie
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Leila Nazari
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of DentistryTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Elashiry MM, Raafat SN, Tay FR, Saber SM. Effect of rapamycin on human periodontal ligament stem cells that have been exposed to sodium hypochlorite. Life Sci 2023; 329:121989. [PMID: 37524163 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study investigated the effect of rapamycin on the viability and osteogenic differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in the presence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). MAIN METHODS After determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of NaOCl and optimum concentration of rapamycin, the viability of hPDLSCs was evaluated using the MTT assay subsequent to their exposure to NaOCl, rapamycin, or a combination of both. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by the cell mineralization assay performed by alizarin red S staining, alkaline phosphatase activity, and monitoring the expression of osteogenic genes markers Runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin, using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression of autophagy-related genes PI3K, Akt, and mTOR, was also analyzed with RT-qPCR. KEY FINDINGS Stem cells treated with rapamycin showed the highest percentage of viable cells in the presence of NaOCl. The same trend was observed for all osteogenic differentiation assays. The hPDLSCs treated with rapamycin demonstrated the highest calcium nodule deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the expression of osteogenic gene markers. These effects were not adversely affected by the presence of NaOCl. Rapamycin significantly inhibited mTOR gene expression, while there were no differences in the gene expression of PI3K and Akt. SIGNIFICANCE Rapamycin counteracts the cytotoxic effect of NaOCl by enhancing the viability and osteogenic differentiation potential of hPDLSCs. Rapamycin appears to accomplish these processes via autophagy activation, by inhibiting mTOR gene expression. The incorporation of rapamycin in regenerative endodontic therapy may encourage a higher success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shereen N Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Egypt; Center of Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Egypt
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Shehabeldin M Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Center of Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Egypt; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt, Egypt
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Azizi Mazreah S, Shirvani A, Azizi Mazreah H, Dianat O. Evaluation of irrigant extrusion following the use of different root canal irrigation techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:396-417. [PMID: 35988128 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review investigates whether different irrigation techniques have different effects on irrigant extrusion from mature tooth apices. Articles published between January 2000 and January 2022 were searched in six electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane) using appropriate keywords. Overall, 2265 articles were screened by their titles and abstracts. Fifty-six full-text articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. Of them, 17 in vitro studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using the random-effects inverse variance method. The results showed that the negative pressure technique caused a lesser amount (p = 0.00) and frequency (p = 0.00) of extrusion than the open-ended needle irrigation. Sonic and ultrasonic activation caused less amount of extrusion than both open-ended (p = 0.00 or p = 0.01) and closed-ended needle (p = 0.00) irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armin Shirvani
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Dianat
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Suriyaamporn P, Sahatsapan N, Patrojanasophon P, Opanasopit P, Kumpugdee-Vollrath M, Ngawhirunpat T. Optimization of In Situ Gel-Forming Chlorhexidine-Encapsulated Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Design of Experiment for Periodontitis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:161. [PMID: 37505346 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gums caused by pathogenic microorganisms damaging and destroying periodontal tissues. Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is a commonly used antimicrobial agent for the treatment of periodontitis. However, it has many drawbacks, such as toxicity due to the high dosage required, low prolonged release, and low adhesion in the periodontal pocket. The objective of this study was to develop and optimize CHX-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded into in situ gel-forming (ISGF) using design of experiment (DoE) to improve the treatment of periodontitis and overcome these limitations. CHX-NPs were optimized from 0.046%w/v chitosan, 0.05%w/w gelatin, and 0.25%w/w CHX. After that, the optimized of CHX-NPs was loaded into a thermosensitive ISGF, which was a mixture of 15%w/v Poloxamer 407 and 1% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). The optimized CHX-NPs, loaded into ISGF, was evaluated by measuring gelling temperature and time, pH, viscosity, compatibility, in vitro drug release, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and stability. The results showed that the size, PDI, and zeta potential of optimized CHX-NPs were 53.07±10.17 nm, 0.36±0.02, and 27.63±4.16 mV, respectively. Moreover, the optimized ISGF loading CHX-NPs showed a gelling temperature at 34.3±1.2°C within 120.00±17.32 s with a pH value of 4.06. The viscosity of the formulations at 4°C was 54.33±0.99 cP. The DSC and FTIR showed no interaction between ingredients. The optimal formulations showed a prolonged release of up to 7 days while providing potential antibacterial activity and were safe for normal gingival fibroblast cells. Moreover, the formulations had high stability at 4°C and 25°C for 3 months. In conclusion, the study achieved the successful development of ISGF loading CHX-NPs formulations for effectiveness use in periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuvamin Suriyaamporn
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Nitjawan Sahatsapan
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Praneet Opanasopit
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand
| | - Mont Kumpugdee-Vollrath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences (BHT), Luxemburger Street 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanasait Ngawhirunpat
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, 73000, Thailand.
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12
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Formulation and Characterization of a Novel Palm-Oil-Based α-Mangostin Nano-Emulsion (PO-AMNE) as an Antimicrobial Endodontic Irrigant: An In Vitro Study. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To formulate and characterize a palm-oil-in-water-based α-Mangostin nano-emulsion (PO-AMNE) endodontic irrigant, in order to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans biofilms, as well as its capacity to remove smear layer. Methods: The solubility of α-Mangostin in various oils was determined and selected, surfactants and co-surfactants were used for the nano-emulsion trial. PO-AMNE was prepared and optimized. The MIC was performed, and the antimicrobial efficacy was estimated against biofilms. The optimized 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant antimicrobial efficacy in a tooth model was done using colony-forming units. The treated teeth were processed by scanning electron microscopic examination for debris and smear layer removal. An Alamar Blue assay was used to evaluate cell viability. The optimization of the PO-AMNE irrigant was performed using Box–Behnken statistical design. Results: The optimized 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was found to have a particle size of 340.9 nm with 0.246 PDI of the dispersed droplets, and a zeta potential (mV) of −27.2 ± 0.7 mV. The MIC values showed that 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.22 ± 0.02) were comparable to 2% CHX (1.33 ± 0.01), and 3.25% NaOCl (2.2 ± 0.09) had the least inhibition for E. faecalis. NaOCl (3.25%) showed the maximum inhibition of S. epidermidis (0.26 ± 0.05), whereas 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.25 ± 0.0) was comparable to 2% CHX (1.86 ± 0.07). For C. albicans, 2% CHX (8.12 ± 0.12) showed the least inhibition as compared to 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.23 ± 0.02) and 3.25% NaOCl (0.59 ± 0.02). The 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was then evaluated for its antimicrobial efficacy against the three biofilms, using colony-forming units. The 0.2% PO-AMNE was comparable to both 3.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX in inhibiting the growth of biofilms. The 0.2% PO-AMNE and 17% EDTA eliminated the smear layer with the lowest mean scores (p < 0.001). Finally, 0.2% PO-AMNE was shown to be biocompatible when compared to 17% EDTA, 3.25% NaOCl, and 2% CHX in immortalized oral keratinocyte cells. Conclusion: Overall, the formulated 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was an effective antimicrobial and biocompatible which could combat endodontic-infection-related polymicrobial biofilms.
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Micu IC, Muntean A, Roman A, Stratul ȘI, Pall E, Ciurea A, Soancă A, Negucioiu M, Barbu Tudoran L, Delean AG. A Local Desiccant Antimicrobial Agent as an Alternative to Adjunctive Antibiotics in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030456. [PMID: 36978324 PMCID: PMC10044681 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral polymicrobial infectious diseases induced by the complex interplay between the altered subgingival microbiota and the host’s dysregulated immune-inflammatory response, leading to the initiation of progressive and irreversible destruction of the periodontal tissues and eventually to tooth loss. The main goal of cause-related periodontal therapy is to eliminate the dysbiotic subgingival biofilm in order to arrest local inflammation and further periodontal tissue breakdown. Because, in some cases, subgingival mechanical instrumentation has limited efficiency in achieving those goals, various adjunctive therapies, mainly systemic and locally delivered antimicrobials, have been proposed to augment its effectiveness. However, most adjunctive antimicrobials carry side effects; therefore, their administration should be precociously considered. HybenX® (HY) is a commercial therapeutical agent with decontamination properties, which has been studied for its effects in treating various oral pathological conditions, including periodontitis. This review covers the current evidence regarding the treatment outcomes and limitations of conventional periodontal therapies and provides information based on the available experimental and clinical studies related to the HY mechanism of action and effects following its use associated with subgingival instrumentation and other types of dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia C. Micu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Muntean
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Avram Iancu St., No. 31, 400117 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexandra Roman
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ștefan I. Stratul
- Department of Periodontology, Anton Sculean Research Center of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Bulevardul Revoluției din 1989, No.9, 300230 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Emöke Pall
- Department of Infectious Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăștur St., No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Ciurea
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrada Soancă
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Victor Babeş St., No. 15, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Marius Negucioiu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Clinicilor St., No. 32, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Clinicilor St., No. 5-7, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory (LIME), National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Institutul Național de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Tehnologii Izotopice și Moleculare, 67-103 Donath St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ada G. Delean
- Department of Cariology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Moților St., No. 33, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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MATOS AO, RANGEL EC, BARÃO VAR, GREGORY RL. Antimicrobial behavior of titanium coating with chlorhexidine-doped thin film exposed to a biofilm supplemented with nicotine. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:228-235. [PMID: 36464292 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Because nicotine upregulates the growth of most oral bacteria, this in vitro study investigated the antimicrobial effect of chlorhexidine-doped thin film on commercially pure titanium against Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) biofilm supplemented with different concentrations of nicotine (0, 1, and 2 mg/mL). Biofilms were formed on a chlorhexidine-doped thin film on commercially-pure-titanium discs and compared to the control groups. Biofilm viability, total biofilm growth using a spectrophotometer, extracellular polysaccharide content, and pH variations were assessed as dependent variables. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference tests (α=0.05). F. nucleatum biofilm growth was inhibited when exposed to chlorhexidine-doped thin film (p<0.05). Biofilm supplemented with nicotine did not impact the synthesis of EPS on the same type of treatment (p>0.05). The pH values were significantly increased with the increase of nicotine concentration (p<0.05). Chlorhexidine-doped thin film was effective in reducing F. nucleatum biofilm supplemented with nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elidiane Cipriano RANGEL
- Laboratory of Technological Plasmas (LaPTec), Engineering College, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)
| | | | - Richard Lee GREGORY
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry
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15
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El-Hady AYA, Badr AES. The Efficacy of Advanced Platelet-rich Fibrin in Revascularization of Immature Necrotic Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2022; 23:725-732. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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16
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El Mobadder M, Nammour S, Grzech-Leśniak Z, Grzech-Leśniak K. Efficacy of the Adjunct Use of Povidone-Iodine or Sodium Hypochlorite with Non-Surgical Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216593. [PMID: 36362818 PMCID: PMC9658783 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review sought to assess the efficacy of combining either sodium hypochlorite or povidone-iodine as disinfection solutions with non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. An electronic search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar from inception until 10 September 2022. Outcomes included clinical outcomes (probing pocket depth, plaque index, clinical attachment level, relative-horizontal attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, the position of gingival margin) and biochemical (BAPNA level) properties. A subgroup analysis was conducted according to the assessment timepoint. Ten studies reporting the use of povidone-iodine and five studies reporting the use of sodium hypochlorite were included in this review. Overall, in the meta-analysis of povidone-iodine, no significant changes were noted in any of the assessed outcomes; however, minor changes were noted in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level at a specific timepoint. Regarding sodium hypochlorite, a significant reduction in all clinical outcomes, except for bleeding on probing, was noted. In conclusion, the use of povidone-iodine does not result in an improvement in clinical outcomes, whereas sodium hypochlorite has promising properties that result in significant improvement in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. However, more studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +961-7134-3767
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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17
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Kwack KH, Lee HW. Clinical Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Pulp Regeneration: Current Endodontic Progress and Future Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:857066. [PMID: 35478967 PMCID: PMC9035692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.857066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common disease that not only destroys the rigid structure of the teeth but also causes pulp necrosis in severe cases. Once pulp necrosis has occurred, the most common treatment is to remove the damaged pulp tissue, leading to a loss of tooth vitality and increased tooth fragility. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from pulp tissue exhibit mesenchymal stem cell-like characteristics and are considered ideal candidates for regenerating damaged dental pulp tissue owing to their multipotency, high proliferation rate, and viability after cryopreservation. Importantly, DPSCs do not elicit an allogeneic immune response because they are non-immunogenic and exhibit potent immunosuppressive properties. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of the clinical applicability and potential of DPSCs, as well as emerging trends in the regeneration of damaged pulp tissue. In addition, we suggest the possibility of using DPSCs as a resource for allogeneic transplantation and provide a perspective for their clinical application in pulp regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Woo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Graduate School, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hyeon-Woo Lee,
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18
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Brimo N, Serdaroğlu DÇ, Uysal B. Comparing Antibiotic Pastes with Electrospun Nanofibers as Modern Drug Delivery Systems for Regenerative Endodontics. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:904-917. [PMID: 34915834 DOI: 10.2174/1567201819666211216140947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have various features that make these types of materials able to be applied in different biomedical applications like, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery. Using such materials in endodontic filed both to face the challenges that occur during treatment processes and to make these materials have an antibacterial effect without showing any harm on the host cells. The approach of nanofibers loaded with various antibacterial drugs offers a potential treatment method to enhance the elimination procedure of intracanal biofilms. Clinically, many models of bacterial biofilms have been prepared under in vitro conditions for different aims. The process of drug delivery from polymeric nanofibers is based on the principle that the releasing ratio of drug molecules increases due to the increase in the surface area of the hosted structure. In our review, we discuss diverse approaches of loading/releasing drugs on/from nanofibers and we summarized many studies about electrospun nanofibers loaded various drugs applied in the endodontic field. Moreover, we argued both the advantages and the limitations of these modern endodontic treatment materials comparing them with the traditional ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nura Brimo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Başkent University Bağlıca Campus, 06530, Ankara. Turkey
| | | | - Busra Uysal
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu. Turkey
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19
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Hattarki SA, Bogar C, Bhat KG. Green tea catechins showed antibacterial activity on streptococcus mutans -An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:226-229. [PMID: 34810394 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_512_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main bacterial aetiological agents in caries formation are the α-haemolytic Streptococcal species Streptococcus mutans, which has been found to be the initiator of most dental caries. The leaves of Camellia sinensis known as green tea, has properties, such as antibacterial and anti-cariogenic. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) one of the most abundant catechins found in green tea is known to contribute to these effects. Aim To evaluate the antibacterial effect of green tea catechins namely EGCG on S. mutans with two different methods at different concentrations. Objectives 1) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by disc diffusion test at concentrations of 100, 75, and 50 μg/mL. 2) To assess the antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG by Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL. Methodology Commercially available purest form of green tea polyphenol EGCG was used in the study. Disc diffusion test on agar medium and MIC test was used to determine the susceptibility of the S. mutans to green tea catechins EGCG. Results The results of the agar well diffusion method showed that the EGCG extract has shown zones of inhibition against S. mutans at concentrations of 100 μg/mL (28.67 mm), 75 μg/mL (15.33 mm), 50 μg/mL (10.33 mm) while that of MIC test of EGCG extract of concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 100 μg/mL against S. mutans shows that the mean MIC value was 1.07. Conclusion Catechins in the tea are potentially anti-cariogenic agents which can reduce bacterial presence in the oral cavity and have the potential to be further used for the preparation of dentifrice and mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevini A Hattarki
- Department of Periodontology, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Chetana Bogar
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kishore G Bhat
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal's NGH Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Mukhtar-Un-Nisar Andrabi S, Tamanna S, Rahul, Naz F, Siddique YH. Toxic potential of sodium hypochlorite in the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg9. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1955711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sadaf Tamanna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rahul
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Falaq Naz
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Yasir Hasan Siddique
- Drosophila Transgenic Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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21
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Pilloni A, Ceccarelli S, Bosco D, Gerini G, Marchese C, Marini L, Rojas MA. Effect of Chlorhexidine Digluconate in Early Wound Healing of Human Gingival Tissues. A Histological, Immunohistochemical and Biomolecular Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101192. [PMID: 34680773 PMCID: PMC8532903 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) is considered the gold standard for oral cavity antiseptic treatment. Nevertheless, several in vitro studies have reported detrimental effects in oral tissue repair. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of post-surgical CHX mouth rinse on gingival tissue (G) 24 h after injury. G biopsies were obtained in three patients 24 h after surgery with the indication of post-surgical 0.12% CHX use and were compared with those obtained from the same patients without any antiseptic use. Changes in collagen production, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were examined by histological and Ki-67/P53 immunohistochemical analysis. Fibrotic markers (COL1A1, αSMA), proapoptotic protein (BAX) expression, and wound healing-related gene modulation (RAC1, SERPINE1, TIMP1) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. CHX was able to reduce cellular proliferation and increase collagen deposition, proapoptotic molecule and fibrotic marker expression, and myofibroblast differentiation, reduce expression of RAC1 and trigger expression of SERPINE1 and TIMP1, showing “scar wound healing response” pattern. This study assessed for the first time the in vivo effects of CHX on gingival tissue. The demonstration of a CHX-induced fibrotic transformation, leading to scar repair, supports the need for new post-surgical clinical protocols based on a strategic and personalized use of CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pilloni
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Section of Periodontics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Simona Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Daniela Bosco
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giulia Gerini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Cinzia Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Section of Periodontics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Mariana A. Rojas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Section of Periodontics, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sismanoglu S, Ercal P. The cytotoxic effects of various endodontic irrigants on the viability of dental mesenchymal stem cells. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:305-312. [PMID: 34590392 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate cytotoxic effects of various irrigation solutions used in regenerative endodontic treatments (RETs) on mesenchymal stem cells, and further examine the long-term effect of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Stem cells were exposed to various concentrations of NaOCl, EDTA, chlorhexidine (CHX), etidronic acid (HEDP)/NaOCl combination and HOCl. HOCl was tested for its effects on ALP activity up to 21 days. Additionally, cell viability was measured fluorescently using calcein AM. The most cytotoxic irrigant was CHX even with the lowest concentration. NaOCl and HEDP/NaOCl with 1:100 dilution decreased viability to around 40%. HOCl showed the lowest cytotoxicity among all tested irrigants. HOCl also showed no significant reduction in ALP activity compared with the controls. The cytotoxicity of endodontic irrigants was time and concentration dependent. HOCl demonstrated promising results regarding viability and ALP activity, since RETs require host stem cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Sismanoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ercal
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine and Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, UK
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23
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Ostadhossein F, Moitra P, Altun E, Dutta D, Sar D, Tripathi I, Hsiao SH, Kravchuk V, Nie S, Pan D. Function-adaptive clustered nanoparticles reverse Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and maintain microbiota balance. Commun Biol 2021; 4:846. [PMID: 34267305 PMCID: PMC8282845 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental plaques are biofilms that cause dental caries by demineralization with acidogenic bacteria. These bacteria reside inside a protective sheath which makes any curative treatment challenging. We propose an antibiotic-free strategy to disrupt the biofilm by engineered clustered carbon dot nanoparticles that function in the acidic environment of the biofilms. In vitro and ex vivo studies on the mature biofilms of Streptococcus mutans revealed >90% biofilm inhibition associated with the contact-mediated interaction of nanoparticles with the bacterial membrane, excessive reactive oxygen species generation, and DNA fragmentation. An in vivo examination showed that these nanoparticles could effectively suppress the growth of S. mutans. Importantly, 16S rRNA analysis of the dental microbiota showed that the diversity and richness of bacterial species did not substantially change with nanoparticle treatment. Overall, this study presents a safe and effective approach to decrease the dental biofilm formation without disrupting the ecological balance of the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ostadhossein
- Departments of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Parikshit Moitra
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esra Altun
- Departments of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Debapriya Dutta
- Departments of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dinabandhu Sar
- Departments of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Indu Tripathi
- Departments of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Valeriya Kravchuk
- Departments of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shuming Nie
- Departments of Bioengineering, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Beckman Institute, Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dipanjan Pan
- Departments of Bioengineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, and Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Health Sciences Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Health Sciences Facility III, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Interdisciplinary Health Sciences Facility, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Prospective cohort study of regenerative potential of non vital immature permanent maxillary central incisors using platelet rich fibrin scaffold. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13679. [PMID: 34211068 PMCID: PMC8249665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93236-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures have gained momentum as a treatment modality of young immature permanent teeth. Literature reports reveal that platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) stimulates growth factors and induces regeneration. This study was undertaken to assess the regenerative potential of non-vital immature permanent maxillary central incisors using PRF with a follow-up for 2 yrs. 19 patients in the age group of 9–25 yrs with immature, non-vital permanent maxillary central incisors (n = 23) with/without signs and/or symptoms of periapical pathosis and open apex were included in this study. In the first appointment, access opening, canal disinfection and triple antibiotic paste placement were done. In the subsequent visit, PRF was prepared and placed inside the canal. Access was sealed with Mineral trioxide aggregate plug and composite. The patient was reviewed up to 24 mths. The mean difference was statistically analyzed using Friedman test followed by Dunn post hoc test and adjusted by Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). As per AAE guidelines, the primary and secondary goals were achieved. A significant (p < 0.001) gradual increase in the root length, thickness of dentinal walls and decrease in apical diameter were observed. Within the limitations of this study, PRF placement was clinically and radiographically effective in inducing regeneration of non-vital immature permanent teeth.
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25
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Jeong JW, Sarmast ND, Terlier T, van der Hoeven R, Holland JN, Parikh N. Assessment of the cytotoxic effects and chemical composition of the insoluble precipitate formed from sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1892-1901. [PMID: 34081782 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate (1) the cytotoxic potential of the brown precipitate (BP) formed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), using both a small animal model of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and cultured human gingival fibroblasts; and (2) the chemical composition of BP using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). METHODOLOGY Brown precipitate was obtained by mixing equal volumes of 6% NaOCl and 2% CHX and separating the BP from clear supernatant by centrifugation. The brown precipitate was weighed and solubilized in dimethyl sulfoxide for cytotoxicity experiments. The cytotoxic effect of BP was assessed using C. elegans larvae and primary immortalized human gingival fibroblasts-hTERT (hTERT-hNOF) cells. Various dilutions of BP (25 ng/µL-150 ng/µL), supernatant (0.15% v/v), NaOCl (1:100-1:1000 dilutions of 6% NaOCl) or CHX (1:500-1:1000 dilutions of 2% CHX) along with vehicle control (0.5% v/v ethanol and 0.15% v/v DMSO) or untreated control (growth medium) were tested on C. elegans larvae and hTERT-hNOF cells. Viability was assessed in C. elegans larvae using stereomicroscopy and in hTERT-hNOF cells using dehydrogenase-based colorimetric assay. ToF-SIMS was used to assess the chemical composition of BP in comparison with CHX and para-chloroaniline (PCA). The C. elegans and cell line data were analysed using Log-Rank test and Student's t-test, respectively (p < .05). RESULTS BP-75 ng/µL and BP-150 ng/µL were significantly more toxic to C. elegans larvae than the untreated, vehicle, supernatant or CHX treatment groups (p < .0001). Similarly, in hTERT-hNOF cells, BP-50 ng/µL, BP-75 ng/µL and BP-150 ng/µL induced significant cytotoxicity within 2 h compared with untreated, vehicle, supernatant and CHX treatments (p < .05). ToF-SIMS analysis of BP revealed ion composition characteristic of both CHX and the carcinogen PCA. CONCLUSIONS Brown precipitate was toxic in both C. elegans larvae and hTERT-hNOF cells. The ToF-SIMS analysis of BP revealed ions characteristic of CHX and PCA that could account for the toxicities observed in C. elegans larvae and human gingival fibroblasts. Because of the insoluble and toxic nature of BP, consecutive use of CHX and NaOCl irrigants should be avoided in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wook Jeong
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nima D Sarmast
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- SIMS Laboratory, Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ransome van der Hoeven
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julian N Holland
- Office of Research, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neha Parikh
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Mouthwash with Active Oxygen (blue®m) Reduces Postoperative Inflammation and Pain. Case Rep Dent 2021; 2021:5535807. [PMID: 34158980 PMCID: PMC8187063 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5535807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this case series was to evaluate the effects of blue®m mouthwash on oral surgical wounds. Eleven patients underwent bilateral preprosthetic surgery and were instructed to apply the product only to the right side of the surgery. In this way, the right side corresponds to the test side and the left side (place without applying any type of solution) to the control side. After seven days of using the product (3 times a day), the following parameters were evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale: pain, changes in taste, and acceptance by the patient. Then, the level of tissue inflammation was assessed, by the number of pixels, using ImageJ® software. The main results show that the blue®m mouthwash was widely accepted by patients, reducing their pain. The number of inflammation pixels was lower on the test side (p < 0.05), indicating improved healing. It is suggested that blue®m mouthwash positively influences tissue healing reducing pain and the postsurgical inflammatory process; however, randomized clinical trials should be done to prove this clinical observation.
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Zhang J, Kuang X, Zhou Y, Yang R, Zhou X, Peng X, Luo Y, Xu X. Antimicrobial activities of a small molecule compound II-6s against oral streptococci. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 13:1909917. [PMID: 33854741 PMCID: PMC8018465 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1909917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The side effects of present antimicrobials like chlorhexidine (CHX) and the emergence of drug resistance necessitate the development of alternative agents to control dental caries. Aim: This study developed a novel small molecule, namely II-6s, and investigated its antimicrobial activities against common oral streptococci associated with dental caries. Methods: The susceptibility of streptococci to II-6s was evaluated by the microdilution method, time-kill assay and scanning electron microscopy. The exopolysaccharides, dead/live bacteria and bacterial composition of the II-6s-treated Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus gordonii/Streptococcus sanguinis 3-species biofilms were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, fluorescent in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. The anti-demineralization effect and cytotoxicity of II-6s were evaluated by transverse microradiography and CCK-8 assay, respectively. Repeated exposure of S. mutans to II-6s was performed to assess if II-6s could induce drug resistance. Results: II-6s exhibited antimicrobial activity similar to CHX against S. mutans, S. gordonii and S. sanguinis and significantly inhibited exopolysaccharides production, live bacteria and the demineralizing capability of the 3-species streptococcal biofilms. Besides, II-6s showed reduced cytotoxicity relative to CHX and did not induce drug resistance in S. mutans after 15 passages. Conclusion: - II-6s may serve as a promising part of a successful caries management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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In vitro activities of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile bark fractions against Oral Bacteria, Glucosyltransferase and as antioxidant. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:360. [PMID: 33228641 PMCID: PMC7684731 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries and periodontal disease are the most common chronic infectious oral diseases in the world. Acacia nilotica was commonly known in Sudan as Garad or Sunt has a wide range of medicinal uses. In the present study, antibacterial activity of oral bacteria (Streptococcus sobrinus and Porphyromonas gingivalis), inhibitory activity against glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzyme and antioxidant activity were assayed for methanolic crude extract of A. nilotica bark and its fractions. METHODS Methanoilc crude extract of A. nilotica bark was applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and eluted with methanol, aqueous methanol, and finally aqueous acetone to obtain four fractions (Fr1- Fr4). Furthermore, the crude extract and fractions were subjected to analytical high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The crude extract and its fractions were assayed for antibacterial activity against S. sobrinus and P. gingivalis using a microplate dilution assay method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), as well as GTF inhibition and antioxidant activity using ABTS radical scavenging method. RESULTS Fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) exhibited MIC values of 0.3 mg/ml against the P. gingivalis. Additionally, Fr2 displayed MBC value of 1 mg/ml against two types of bacteria. Fr4 showed an especially potent GTF inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3.9 μg/ml. Fr1 displayed the best antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.8 μg/ml. The main compound in Fr1 was identified as gallic acid, and Fr2 was mostly a mixture of gallic acid and methyl gallate. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in this study provide some scientific rationale and justify the use of this plant for the treatment of dental diseases in traditional medicine. A. nilotica bark, besides their antibacterial potentiality and GTF inhibitory activity, it may be used as adjuvant antioxidants in mouthwashes. Further studies in the future are required to identify the rest of the active compounds.
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Sismanoglu S, Ercal P. Dentin-Pulp Tissue Regeneration Approaches in Dentistry: An Overview and Current Trends. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1298:79-103. [PMID: 32902726 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment approaches in irreversible pulpitis and apical periodontitis include the disinfection of the pulp space followed by filling with various materials, which is commonly known as the root canal treatment. Disadvantages including the loss of tooth vitality and defense mechanism against carious lesions, susceptibility to fractures, discoloration and microleakage led to the development of regenerative therapies for the dentin pulp-complex. The goal of dentin-pulp tissue regeneration is to reestablish the physiological pulp function such as pulp sensibility, pulp repair capability by mineralization and pulp immunity. Recent dentin-pulp tissue regeneration approaches can be divided into cell homing and cell transplantation. Cell based approaches include a suitable scaffold for the delivery of potent stem cells with or without bioactive molecules into the root canal system while cell homing is based on the recruitment of host endogenous stem cells from the resident tissue including periapical region or dental pulp. This review discusses the recent treatment modalities in dentin-pulp tissue regeneration through tissue engineering and current challenges and trends in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Sismanoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Ercal
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Altinbas University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Effect of St. John's wort oil and olive oil on the postoperative complications after third molar surgery: randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2429-2438. [PMID: 33057887 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the effects of St. John's wort oil and virgin olive oil on the postoperative complications and compare this with chlorhexidine gluconate plus benzydamine hydrochloride mouthwash after the removal of impacted third molar. METHODS A total of 90 patients in need of impacted third molar surgery were included in this study. All included patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. The patients in group 1 received St. John's wort oil; the patients in group 2 received virgin olive oil, and those in group 3 received mouthwash containing chlorhexidine gluconate plus benzydamine hydrochloride. The self-reported pain and difficulty during jaw function, trismus, facial swelling, number of analgesics used during first postoperative week, and postoperative periodontal condition including plaque accumulation, bleeding on probing, and periodontal pocket depth were compared between the groups. RESULTS No significant differences were found regarding the study variables. CONCLUSIONS The data of the present study supports that the use of essential oils provides efficient alternative to the gold standard chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in reducing postoperative complications and improving healing process without adverse effects after surgical removal of impacted third molars. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of essential oils showed similar results as the chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash regarding swelling, mouth opening, pain, need for rescue medication, infectious complications (i.e., alveolar osteitis), and periodontal healing. Therefore, essential oils can be an alternative to routine mouthwashes to ensure oral hygiene after impacted third molar surgery.
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Láng O, Nagy KS, Láng J, Perczel-Kovách K, Herczegh A, Lohinai Z, Varga G, Kőhidai L. Comparative study of hyperpure chlorine dioxide with two other irrigants regarding the viability of periodontal ligament stem cells. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2981-2992. [PMID: 33044682 PMCID: PMC8060220 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have an underlined significance as their high proliferative capacity and multipotent differentiation provide an important therapeutic potential. The integrity of these cells is frequently disturbed by the routinely used irrigative compounds applied as periodontal or endodontic disinfectants (e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorhexidine (CHX)). Our objectives were (i) to monitor the cytotoxic effect of a novel dental irrigative compound, chlorine dioxide (ClO2), compared to two traditional agents (H2O2, CHX) on PDLSCs and (ii) to test whether the aging factor of PDLSC cultures determines cellular responsiveness to the chemicals tested. Methods Impedimetry (concentration-response study), WST-1 assays (WST = water soluble tetrazolium salt), and morphology analysis were performed to measure changes in cell viability induced by the 3 disinfectants; immunocytochemistry of stem cell markers (STRO-1, CD90, and CD105) measured the induced mesenchymal characteristics. Results Cell viability experiments demonstrated that the application of ClO2 does not lead to a significant decrease in viability of PLDSCs in concentrations used to kill microbes. On the contrary, traditional irrigants, H2O2, and CHX are highly toxic on PDLSCs. Aging of PLDSC cultures (passages 3 vs. 7) has characteristic effects on their responsiveness to these agents as the increased expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers turns to decreased. Conclusions and clinical relevance While the active ingredients of mouthwash (H2O2, CHX) applied in endodontic or periodontitis management have a serious toxic effect on PDLSCs, the novel hyperpure ClO2 is less toxic providing an environment favoring dental structure regenerations during disinfectant interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00784-020-03618-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina S Nagy
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Laboratory of Nanochemistry, Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julia Láng
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Perczel-Kovách
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department in Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Herczegh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Kőhidai
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Alves FRF, Marceliano-Alves MF, Souza ACD, Campello AF. Mucosal Fenestration After 2% Chlorhexidine Extrusion Used in Substitution of Sodium Hypochlorite: A Case Report. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:511-516. [PMID: 32818998 PMCID: PMC7440936 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This report describes a case of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) extrusion through the apical foramen, causing acute pain, swelling and mucosal fenestration. A 62-year-old woman was referred for endodontic treatment in the first left maxillary premolar with a diagnosis of necrotic pulp. After the root canal irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl, the patient felt a burning sensation and pain. Discrete swelling and redness were noted in the patient’s face at the end of the session. Antibiotic and corticosteroids were prescribed. In the next appointment, 2% CHX was used, but another episode of extrusion occurred, with a sudden acute pain and intense swelling within a few minutes after the injection. After 2 weeks, the patient exhibited a left-side facial swelling extending anterior and inferior to the left zygomatic arch and superior to the body of the mandible. Oral antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered. After 10 days, the swelling had completely diminished, but a mucosal fenestration and tooth mobility were verified. A cone beam CT was requested and showed a periapical lesion involving both buccal and palatal roots. After a prosthetic evaluation, the tooth extraction was indicated. One week after tooth removal, the mucosa was completely healed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Rodrigues Ferreira Alves
- Department of Endodontics, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Sukumaran SK, Vadakkekuttical RJ, Kanakath H. Comparative evaluation of the effect of curcumin and chlorhexidine on human fibroblast viability and migration: An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2020; 24:109-116. [PMID: 32189837 PMCID: PMC7069105 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_173_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Chemical plaque control acts as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is considered as the gold standard in chemical plaque control, but the main concern is about its fibroblast cytotoxicity. Curcumin, a lipophilic polyphenol, may offer as a promising antiplaque agent. This study was conducted to compare the effect of curcumin (0.003%, 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.1%, and 0.12%) and CHX (0.03%, 0.06%, 0.1%, 0.12%, and 0.2%) on gingival fibroblast cell viability and wound healing at different time periods (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min). Materials and Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50) was determined before the evaluation of cytotoxicity and wound healing property. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and morphological examination by direct invert microscopy were carried out to determine cytotoxicity. Wound healing was evaluated by scratch wound assay. Results and Discussion: The MIC50 of CHX and curcumin was at 0.1% and 0.003%, respectively. The mean percentage of fibroblast viability at different concentrations of CHX and curcumin at each time period showed a significant difference. Curcumin exhibited less cytotoxicity as compared to CHX at all concentrations and at varying time periods. There was a significant difference between mean percentage of fibroblast viability at MIC50 of CHX (0.1%) and curcumin (0.003%) at different time periods. The difference between percentage wound healing at antibacterial concentrations of CHX and curcumin at varying time periods was significant. Conclusion: The antibacterial concentration of curcumin (0.003%) exhibits less fibroblast cytotoxicity and excellent wound healing property as compared to CHX. Curcumin may offer as a promising chemical plaque control agent which is less cytotoxic, cost-effective, safe, easily available, and with a possibly beneficial effect on wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosamma Joseph Vadakkekuttical
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Harikumar Kanakath
- Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College, Affiliated to Kerala University of Health Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
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Svonni E, Andreasson M, Fernström LL, Rydén A, Pringle J, Riihimäki M. Potential for residual contamination by Streptococcus equi subspp equi of endoscopes and twitches used in diagnosis of carriers of strangles. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:884-890. [PMID: 32052491 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic examinations are essential for diagnosis and treatment of strangles (S equi infection) in horses. However, even after disinfection, endoscopes may retain viable bacteria or bacterial DNA. Twitches are commonly used during endoscopic examinations and can thus also potentially transmit the organism to other horses. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of different disinfectant methods to eliminate S equi from experimentally contaminated endoscopes and twitches and the effectiveness of field disinfection of endoscopes used in sampling carriers of S equi. STUDY DESIGN Experimental contamination and observational field study. METHODS One endoscope and 30 twitches were contaminated with standardised S equi broth solutions. The endoscope was disinfected following three protocols using various disinfectants for manual disinfection. A fourth protocol used an automated endoscope reprocessor (AER). The twitches (n = 30) were disinfected following eight different disinfecting protocols. Three endoscopes used in sampling for silent carriers were disinfected following a field-based protocol. After each protocol the endoscopes and twitches were sampled for S equi by culture and qPCR. RESULTS Following experimental contamination all endoscope disinfection protocols, apart from 1/6 of the ethanol protocol were S equi culture negative. However, no endoscope disinfection protocol completely eliminated retention of S equi DNA. Field disinfection of endoscopes after sampling carriers yielded no culture positives and all but one (13/14) were qPCR negative. All twitches disinfected following experimental contamination were culture negative but sodium hypochlorite was the only disinfectant that completely eliminated detection of S equi DNA. MAIN LIMITATIONS Experimental contamination may not reflect the numbers of S equi transferred to endoscopes or twitches during use on silent carriers and purulent secretions from infected horses may influence survival of S equi. CONCLUSIONS While most disinfection methods appear to ensure removal of cultivable S equi, residual DNA can remain on both endoscopes and twitches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Svonni
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikaela Andreasson
- District Veterinarians, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lise-Lotte Fernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anneli Rydén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - John Pringle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miia Riihimäki
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Guandalini Cunha B, Duque C, Sampaio Caiaffa K, Massunari L, Araguê Catanoze I, dos Santos DM, de Oliveira SHP, Guiotti AM. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effects of citronella oil (Cymbopogon nardus) and commercial mouthwashes on S. aureus and C. albicans biofilms in prosthetic materials. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 109:104577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Varghese J, Ramenzoni LL, Shenoy P, Nayak UY, Nayak N, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. In Vitro Evaluation of Substantivity, Staining Potential, and Biofilm Reduction of Guava Leaf Extract Mouth Rinse in Combination with its Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Human Gingival Epithelial Keratinocytes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233903. [PMID: 31779134 PMCID: PMC6926775 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the biofilm reduction, staining potential, and cytotoxicity of guava extract mouth rinse compared to chlorhexidine (CHX). Substantivity, staining, and antibiofilm potential were investigated by spectrophotometry, colony-forming units, and luminosity color meter, respectively. The cell viability assay was conducted using a colorimetric assay to determine nontoxic levels of guava (0.15%) and CHX in human gingival epithelial keratinocytes (HGEK-16). Cells were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1μg/mL) and guava to assess inflammatory gene expression levels of interleukin-β1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Prostaglandin E2. A scratch wound healing assay investigated the effects of guava on cell migration. The teeth coated in guava mouth rinse displayed 19.4% higher substantivity compared to CHX (0.2%), and the anti-biofilm reduction was observed with both guava and CHX mouth rinses (P < 0.05). The overall discoloration changes were higher with CHX and distilled water compared to guava. Also, guava significantly enhanced HGEK-16 cell viability (P < 0.05), and IL-β1, TNFα and PGE2 expression presented a 0.6-fold decrease when exposed to guava and LPS (P < 0.05). The present study showed that guava mouth rinse fulfilled the requirement for an effective and useful oral care product with desirable substantivity and anti-biofilm action. In addition, guava reduced the inflammation response in HGEK-16 and may be a potential oral rinse for oral anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Varghese
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; (J.V.); (N.N.)
| | - L. L. Ramenzoni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.A.); (P.R.S.)
- Laboratory of Applied Periodontal and Peri-implantitis Sciences, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-4199; Fax: +41-44-634-4308
| | - P. Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India;
| | - U. Y. Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India;
| | - N. Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Tiger Circle Road, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India; (J.V.); (N.N.)
| | - T. Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.A.); (P.R.S.)
| | - P. R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.A.); (P.R.S.)
- Laboratory of Applied Periodontal and Peri-implantitis Sciences, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Coelho AS, Laranjo M, Gonçalves AC, Paula A, Paulo S, Abrantes AM, Caramelo F, Ferreira MM, Silva MJ, Carrilho E, Botelho MF. Cytotoxic effects of a chlorhexidine mouthwash and of an enzymatic mouthwash on human gingival fibroblasts. Odontology 2019; 108:260-270. [PMID: 31624978 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-019-00465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of an enzymatic mouthwash and of a chlorhexidine mouthwash on human gingival fibroblasts. The metabolic activity of the fibroblasts exposed to each mouthwash was assessed by the MTT assay and the protein content was assessed by the SRB assay. The flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle and the types of cell death. The oxidative status was evaluated through the DCF and the DHE probes and the intracellular GSH concentration and the mitochondrial membrane potential through JC-1. The cytotoxicity of both mouthwashes was found to be dependent on the exposure time and on the concentration. However, the cytotoxicity of the enzymatic mouthwash was found to be lower than that of the chlorhexidine mouthwash. A trend towards increased oxidative stress was observed for both mouthwashes. After exposing the fibroblasts to the mouthwashes, a G2/M phase block was observed and cell death occurred predominantly by necrosis. The effects of chlorhexidine on fibroblasts were identified at lower concentrations than those used in clinical practice. Therefore, the use of chlorhexidine as an antiseptic in surgical and postoperative situations should be limited. In order to clarify the clinical significance of the enzymatic mouthwash cytotoxicity new clinical studies will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Siri Paulo
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Endodontics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Endodontics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIMAGO - Center of Investigation on Enviromnent, Genetics and Oncobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.,Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Área de Medicina Dentária, Av. Bissaya Barreto, Bloco de Celas, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal
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Verma UP, Gupta A, Yadav RK, Tiwari R, Sharma R, Balapure AK. Cytotoxicity of chlorhexidine and neem extract on cultured human gingival fibroblasts through fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis : An in-vitro study. Eur J Dent 2019; 12:344-349. [PMID: 30147397 PMCID: PMC6089059 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_149_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX), neem vehicle control (NVC), and neem extract (NE) on cultured human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Materials and Methods: Fibroblasts were derived from healthy gingival biopsy specimens harvested aseptically. The effects of CHX, NVC, and NE were evaluated on cultured hGFs through FACS and MTT assay. Results: MTT assay with hGFs indicated altered morphology with maximum cell death at 10% CHX, while NVC and NE showed similar results at a concentration of 75% and above. On FACS analysis, beyond 1%, CHX adversely affected the cell cycle phase distribution whereas NE exerted a detrimental effect only at 100%. Moreover, both with NVC and NE cells were well differentiated in all the three phases of the cell cycle, with distinction getting lost at 50% to finally causing cell death at 100%. Conclusions: CHX beyond 1% concentration exhibited a toxic effect on hGFs at 1, 5, and 15 min time exposure. However, NE did not adversely affect the fibroblasts even up to 50% concentration showing a less toxic effect in comparison with CHX on these cells. The cytoprotective and oral friendly quality of NE emphaisze the superiority of NE over CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Pratap Verma
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhaya Gupta
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rini Tiwari
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR.CDRI, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Puttipan R, Chansakaow S, Khongkhunthian S, Okonogi S. Caesalpinia sappan: A promising natural source of antimicrobial agent for inhibition of cariogenic bacteria. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 12:197-205. [PMID: 30224592 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2018.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
From the previous findings, the ethanolic fractionated extract of Caesalpinia sappan (F-EtOH) has high activity against Streptococcus mutans, the most severe cariogenic bacteria. The present study was aimed to isolate and identify the active compound of F-EtOH and compare its inhibitory activity against the biofilm of S. mutans as well as the cytotoxicity to oral fibroblast cells with F-EtOH. Compound isolation was done by column chromatography. The active compound was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the major compound of F-EtOH is brazilin. F-EtOH and brazilin were compared for inhibitory potential on the biofilms of three strains of S. mutans. The results exhibited that both F-EtOH and brazilin had potential on inhibiting biofilm formation and eradicating the preformed biofilms and their activity was dose dependent. F-EtOH showed significantly less toxic to normal periodontal ligament fibroblast than brazilin. At low concentration of 1- and 2-MBC, F-EtOH showed higher effective than brazilin. The results of our study suggest that the antibacterial activity of F-EtOH is according to the synergistic effects of the existing compounds including brazilin in F-EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinrampai Puttipan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University
| | - Sunee Chansakaow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University
| | - Sakornrat Khongkhunthian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University
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Demirel A, Yüksel BN, Ziya M, Gümüş H, Doğan S, Sari Ş. The effect of different irrigation protocols on smear layer removal in root canals of primary teeth: a SEM study. Acta Odontol Scand 2019; 77:380-385. [PMID: 30859897 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2019.1577491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of different irrigation protocols on smear layer removal in root canals of primary teeth by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted with 40 extracted maxillary primary incisor teeth divided into four groups (n = 10) as 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)+1% NaOCl, 6% citric acid (CA)+1% NaOCl, and 0.9% physiological saline (PS). After the irrigation procedures, root canal walls were examined by SEM and the efficacies of irrigation solutions in smear layer removal were scored and compared. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman and Siegel Castellan tests. RESULTS The smear layer removal was found to be statistically more effective in groups of 10% EDTA + 1% NaOCl and 6% CA + 1% NaOCl when compared with the other groups (p < .05). Smear removal efficacy was statistically significantly higher in coronal and medium thirds when compared with the apical regions in the experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that 10% EDTA + 1% NaOCl and 6% CA + 1% NaOCl could be alternative irrigation protocols regarding smear layer removal. However, due to the absence of erosive dentinal changes, it might be suggested that using 6% CA + 1% NaOCl can be recommended compared to 10% EDTA + 1% NaOCl in primary root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akif Demirel
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Nihan Yüksel
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meryem Ziya
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüsniye Gümüş
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Salih Doğan
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Şaziye Sari
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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41
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Nawrot-Hadzik I, Hadzik J, Fleischer M, Choromańska A, Sterczała B, Kubasiewicz-Ross P, Saczko J, Gałczyńska-Rusin M, Gedrange T, Matkowski A. Chemical Composition of East Asian Invasive Knotweeds, their Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Efficacy Against Cariogenic Pathogens: An In-Vitro Study. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3279-3287. [PMID: 31053701 PMCID: PMC6512351 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Giant knotweeds originating from East Asia, such as Reynoutria japonica, and Reynoutria sachalinensis, and their hybrid such as Reynoutria x bohemica, are invasive plants in Europe and North America. However, R. japonica is also a traditional East Asian drug (Polygoni cuspidati rhizoma) used in Korean folk medicine to improve oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of acetone extracts of Reynoutria species against dominant caries pathogen such as Streptococcus mutans and alternative pathogens, as well as characterize the phytochemical composition of extracts and examine their cytotoxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ultrasonic extraction was used to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts. The extracts were characterized by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS. To test bacterial viability, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. sanguinis, and S. pyogenes were determined. The cytotoxicity of the extracts to human fibroblasts derived from gingiva was evaluated using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS The R. japonica extract had the highest bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against pathogens causing caries, mainly dominant caries pathogen S. mutans (mean MIC 1000 μg/mL and MBC 2000 μg/mL), which was most likely associated with a higher content of stilbene aglycons and anthraquinone aglycons in the extract. Moreover, the R. japonica extract demonstrated the lowest cytotoxic effect on human fibroblasts and exhibited cytotoxic activity only at the concentration causing the death of all S. mutans. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the R. japonica acetone extract can be considered as a natural, antimicrobial agent for caries control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Hadzik
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Analytics Division, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Sterczała
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Analytics Division, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Department of Orthodontics, Carl Gustav Carus Campus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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42
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Khanifam P, Pullisaar H, Risheim H. Local facial atrophy and permanent anesthesia of right upper lip following subcutaneous extrusion of chlorhexidine digluconate. ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY CASES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.omsc.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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43
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Jung C, Kim S, Sun T, Cho YB, Song M. Pulp-dentin regeneration: current approaches and challenges. J Tissue Eng 2019; 10:2041731418819263. [PMID: 30728935 PMCID: PMC6351713 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418819263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures for immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis confer biological advantages such as tooth homeostasis, enhanced immune defense system, and a functional pulp-dentin complex, in addition to clinical advantages such as the facilitation of root development. Currently, this procedure is recognized as a paradigm shift from restoration using materials to regenerate pulp-dentin tissues. Many studies have been conducted with regard to stem/progenitor cells, scaffolds, and biomolecules, associated with pulp tissue engineering. However, preclinical and clinical studies have evidently revealed several drawbacks in the current clinical approach to revascularization that may lead to unfavorable outcomes. Therefore, our review examines the challenges encountered under clinical conditions and summarizes current research findings in an attempt to provide direction for transition from basic research to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyong Jung
- Department of Dentistry, Aerospace Medical Center, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sangwan Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Taeuk Sun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yong-Bum Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Fan W, Li Y, Liu D, Sun Q, Duan M, Fan B. PLGA submicron particles containing chlorhexidine, calcium and phosphorus inhibit Enterococcus faecalis infection and improve the microhardness of dentin. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:17. [PMID: 30671677 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe, is reported to take responsibility for a large portion of refractory root canal infections and root canal re-infections of human teeth. Chlorhexidine is a strong bactericide against E. faecalis but cannot infiltrate into dentinal tubules. On the other hand, a common negative effect of root canal medicaments is the decrease of dentin microhardness. In this study, poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) submicron particles were applied as delivery carriers to load and release the chlorhexidine as well as calcium and phosphorus. The release profiles, antibacterial ability against E. faecalis, infiltration ability into dentinal tubules, biocompatibility and effects on dentin microhardness of these particles were investigated. Results revealed that encapsulated chemicals could be released in a sustained manner from the particles. The particles also exhibited excellent biocompatibility on MC3T3-E1 cells and significant antimicrobial property against E. faecalis. On dentin slices, the particles could be driven into dentinal tubules by ultrasonic activiation and inhibit E. faecalis colonization. Besides, dentin slices medicated with the particles displayed an increase in microhardness. In conclusion, PLGA submicron particles carrying chlorhexidine, calcium and phosphorus could be developed into a new intra-canal disinfectant for dental treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Duan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Song IS, Lee JE, Park JB. The Effects of Various Mouthwashes on Osteoblast Precursor Cells. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:376-383. [PMID: 33817172 PMCID: PMC7874790 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether or not various mouthwashes have significant effects on the viability or morphology of mouse osteoblast-like cells. Mouse calvarial preosteoblast cells were cultured and prepared, then treated with a 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution containing essential oils with or without alcohol, and a cetylpyridinium chloride solution, and sodium fluoride, respectively. Each well was treated with one of six mouthwashes for either 30 sec, 1.5 min, or 4.5 min. The viability of the treated cells was quantitatively analyzed by a Cell Counting Kit-8. The viability of osteogenic progenitor cells decreased significantly irrespectively of the types of mouthwashes. The changes of cell morphology were seen in all groups of mouthwashes; however, they were more noticeable on the chlorhexidine digluconate-treated group. A progressive increase in treatment time over 30 sec did not seem to deteriorate cellular viability. There was no significant difference in viability or morphological change between different formulations of the same brand. Although various mouthwashes without alcohol as an ingredient are available, nonalcoholic mouthwashes were not likely to be less harmful to the cells. Collectively, commercially available mouthwashes could inhibit cell viability and alter the morphology of osteoblastic precursor cells irrespectively of brands, treatment time, or alcohol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seok Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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Wahjuningrum D, Elizabeth MK, Puteri F, Mardiyah A, Subiyanto A. Cytotoxicity assay of sodium hypochlorite and QMix on cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells. J Int Oral Health 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jioh.jioh_48_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Uğur Aydin Z, Akpinar KE, Hepokur C, Erdönmez D. Assessment of toxicity and oxidative DNA damage of sodium hypochlorite, chitosan and propolis on fibroblast cells. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e119. [PMID: 30517428 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human fibroblast cell lines of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chitosan and propolis as root canal irrigating solutions. Human fibroblast cells were exposed to chitosan, propolis and NaOCl for 4 and 24 h. Cell viability was assessed by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide, and oxidative DNA damage was assessed by determination of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level with an ELISA kit. The data of cell cytotoxicity were analysed statistically using a test of one-way analysis of variance at a significance level of p < 0.05. In the NaOCI group, the 8-OHdG level was higher than in the chitosan group, but there was no statistical difference when compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). It was determined that the irrigation solutions were cytotoxic, depending on the dose and time. NaOCl was the most toxic solution after both 4 and 24 h of exposure (p < 0.05). Chitosan and propolis may be alternatives to NaOCl for irrigation solutions, because they are both less toxic and produce less oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeliha Uğur Aydin
- University of Abant Izzet Baysal, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Kerem Engin Akpinar
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Hepokur
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Demet Erdönmez
- Aksaray University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Aksaray, Turkey
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Rivera-Pérez WA, Yépes-Pérez AF, Martínez-Pabón MC. Molecular docking and in silico studies of the physicochemical properties of potential inhibitors for the phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 98:164-175. [PMID: 30500666 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study identified potential inhibitory compounds of the phosphoenolpyruvate-sugar. Phosphotransferase system of S. mutans, specifically enzyme II mannose transporter (EIIMan) in its subunits IIA, IIB and IIC by means of a selection protocol and in silico molecular analysis. Intervening the phosphotransferase system would compromise the physiological behavior and the pathogenic expression of S. mutans, and possibly other acidogenic bacteria that use phosphotransferases in their metabolism-making the phosphotransferase system a therapeutic target for the selective control of acidogenic microorganisms in caries control. Several computational techniques were used to evaluate molecular, physicochemical, and toxicological aspects of various compounds. Molecular docking was used to calculate the binding potential (ΔG) between receptor protein subunits and more than 836,000 different chemical compounds from the ZINC database. Physicochemical parameters related to the compounds' pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic indicators were evaluated, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and chemical analysis characterized the compounds structures. Thirteen compounds with EII binding potential of the phosphotransferase system of S. mutans and favorable ADMET properties were identified. Six spirooxindoles and three pyrrolidones stand out from the found compounds; unique structural characteristics of spirooxindoles and pyrrolidones associated with various reported biological activities like anti-microbial, antiinflammatory, anticancer, nootropic, neuroprotective and antiepileptic effects, among other pharmacological effects with surprising differences in terms of mechanisms of action. Following studies will provide more evidence of the action of these compounds on the phosphotransferase system of S. mutans, and its possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wbeimar Andrey Rivera-Pérez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia- UdeA, 64 Street No. 52-59, Block 31, Oral Microbiology Laboratory No. 216, Health Area, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Andrés Felipe Yépes-Pérez
- Exact and Natural Sciences School, University of Antioquia-UdeA, Universidad de Antioquia. 67 street No. 53-108, Block 2, Chemistry of Colombian, Plants Laboratory, Office 330, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Maria Cecilia Martínez-Pabón
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia- UdeA, 64 Street No. 52-59, Block 31, Oral Microbiology Laboratory No. 216, Health Area, Medellin, Colombia.
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Dual purpose hafnium oxide nanoparticles offer imaging Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and fight it In vivo via a drug free approach. Biomaterials 2018; 181:252-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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50
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Diogo P, Mota M, Fernandes C, Sequeira D, Palma P, Caramelo F, Neves MGP, Faustino MAF, Gonçalves T, Santos JM. Is the chlorophyll derivative Zn(II)e 6 Me a good photosensitizer to be used in root canal disinfection? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:205-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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