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Williams N, Griffin G, Wall M, Bradfield Z. The sexual and reproductive health knowledge of women in Australia: A scoping review. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 39097983 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge influences health literacy and promotes positive health behaviours. This scoping review explores the SRH knowledge of women in Australia and reports on knowledge assessment, ways of learning, enablers and barriers, and interventions to improve knowledge. METHODS Seven databases were searched for eligible articles published in English between 2012 and 2022. RESULTS Eighty-five sources were included for analysis. Data were mapped by knowledge topic and population group and charted against four review objectives. Assessment of knowledge was the primary focus in 59% of sources. Two sources used a validated knowledge assessment tool. Knowledge was assessed using self-assessment, a measurement of correctness, or both. Women learnt about SRH through a range of sources, including healthcare providers, peers, family, internet, and school. Enablers and barriers spanned information content, delivery, timing, accessibility, interactions with those providing information, cultural and gendered norms, pre-migration experiences, and functional health literacy. Nine sources reported on interventions to facilitate SRH knowledge. CONCLUSIONS This review identified topics, population groups, and gaps in assessment of SRH knowledge of women in Australia. Overall, the measurement of women's SRH knowledge is largely conducted using unvalidated tools focusing on specific topics. SO WHAT?: It is recommended a validated tool be developed to comprehensively assess the SRH knowledge of women in Australia allowing for intersectional population analysis and exploration of knowledge conceptualisation. This would enable assessment of interventions aiming to improve SRH knowledge thereby facilitating improved health literacy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Williams
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Georgia Griffin
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Megan Wall
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Zoe Bradfield
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery Education and Research, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Nursing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Istiko SN, Remata S, Ndayizeye A, Moreno MEV, Kirunda V, Hollingdrake O, Osborne R, Hou JZ, Abell B, Mullens AB, Gu Z, Debattista J, Vujcich D, Lobo R, Parma G, Howard C, Durham J. Developing critical HIV health literacy: insights from interviews with priority migrant communities in Queensland, Australia. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2024; 26:936-951. [PMID: 37950430 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2265960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In Australia, surveillance data establish that there are higher rates of late HIV diagnoses among heterosexual migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and new HIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men (GBM) from Southeast and Northeast Asia and Latin America. Together, these groups are identified as priority migrant communities in current efforts to eliminate HIV transmissions. HIV health literacy is recognised as a key means of improving access to services and health outcomes. This qualitative paper explores critical HIV health literacy among priority migrant communities in Queensland, Australia. To foreground community voices, peer researchers from priority migrant communities participated in the project design, data collection and analysis, with 20 interviews completed. The findings demonstrate how participants' engagement with HIV health information and services is highly relational and situated within the framework of sexual health and wellbeing. Participants strategically selected where to seek information and who they trusted to help them appraise this information. They further demonstrated reflective capacities in identifying the contextual barriers that inhibit the development of their HIV health literacy. The findings highlight the need for HIV health promotion strategies that embrace a sex positive approach, promote cultural change, and involve collaboration with general practitioners (GPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satrio Nindyo Istiko
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simeon Remata
- Queensland Positive People, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ACON, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aimable Ndayizeye
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miguel Eduardo Valencia Moreno
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa Kirunda
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olivia Hollingdrake
- School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Osborne
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenny Zhengye Hou
- Faculty of Creative Industries, Education, and Social Justice, School of Communication/Digital Media Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bridget Abell
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy B Mullens
- Centre for Health Research, School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhihong Gu
- Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joseph Debattista
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Vujcich
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gianna Parma
- True Relationships & Reproductive Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Howard
- Queensland Positive People, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jo Durham
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Lirios A, Mullens AB, Daken K, Moran C, Gu Z, Assefa Y, Dean JA. Sexual and reproductive health literacy of culturally and linguistically diverse young people in Australia: a systematic review. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2024; 26:790-807. [PMID: 37755697 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2256376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Young people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds experience barriers accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and care. This systematic review, utilising a pre-determined protocol, performed according to PRISMA guidelines, explored SRH knowledge, attitudes and information sources for young (16-24 years) culturally and linguistically diverse background people living in Australia, to gain understanding of their sexual health literacy. CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus were systematically searched with inclusion criteria applied to 216 articles. After title and abstract screening, backward/forward searching, and full-text review of 58 articles, 13 articles from eight studies were identified. Thematic analysis, guided by core constructs from cultural care theory, identified three themes: (1) SRH knowledge varied by topic but was generally low; (2) young people's attitudes and beliefs were influenced by family and culture; however, 'silence' was the main barrier to sexual health literacy; and (3) Access to SRH information was limited. To attain sexual health literacy and equitable access to culturally-congruent and responsive SRH information and care, there is a need for theory-informed strategies and policies that address the diverse social, cultural and structural factors affecting young culturally and linguistically diverse background people, especially the 'silence' or lack of open SRH communication they experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Lirios
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy B Mullens
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kirstie Daken
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Moran
- True Relationships and Reproductive Health (True), Windsor, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhihong Gu
- Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland (ECCQ), West End, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judith A Dean
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Aibangbee M, Micheal S, Mapedzahama V, Liamputtong P, Pithavadian R, Hossain Z, Mpofu E, Dune T. Migrant and Refugee Youth's Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: A Scoping Review to Inform Policies and Programs. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605801. [PMID: 37342678 PMCID: PMC10278890 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Migrants and refugee youth (MRY) in Western nations are less likely to participate in sexual reproductive health (SRH) services. Consequently, MRY are more likely to encounter adverse SRH experiences due to limited access to and knowledge of SRH services. A scoping review was conducted to examine MRY's understanding of and the implications for inclusive sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) programs and policies. Methods: A systematic search of literature across seven academic databases was conducted. Data were extracted following Partners for Dignity and Rights' Human Rights Assessment framework and analysed using the thematic-synthesis method. Results: 38 literature (peer-reviewed, 24 and grey, 14) were considered eligible for inclusion. The findings highlighted significant barriers and the under-implementation of SRHR support and services by MRY. Key policy implications include a need for programs to support MRY's SRHR education, diversity, equity and inclusiveness and privacy protections. Conclusion: The review shows that the emerging evidence on MRY SRHR suggests gaps in practices for resourcing policies and programs that promote sustainable SRH for vulnerable populations. Policies for MRY's SRHR should prioritise programs that focus on diversity, equity and inclusion with targeted education and community resourcing strategies for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaels Aibangbee
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sowbhagya Micheal
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Rashmi Pithavadian
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Zakia Hossain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Translational Health Research Institute, Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tinashe Dune
- Translational Health Research Institute, Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Napier-Raman S, Hossain SZ, Lee MJ, Mpofu E, Liamputtong P, Dune T. Migrant and refugee youth perspectives on sexual and reproductive health and rights in Australia: a systematic review. Sex Health 2023; 20:35-48. [PMID: 36455882 DOI: 10.1071/sh22081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Migrant and refugee youth (MRY) in Australia face specific experiences that inform their sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR). Migrant and refugee communities experience poor health outcomes and low service uptake. Additionally, youth are vulnerable to poor sexual health. This review examines the understandings and perspectives of MRY. A systematic review was conducted as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42021241213. Nine databases were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria specified literature reporting on migrant and/or refugee youth perspectives and attitudes towards sexual and reproductive health; peer-reviewed qualitative, mixed-methods and/or quantitative studies or grey literature reports; records using Australian research; literature published in English between January 2000 and March 2021. Records that did not report on MRY and did not examine participant views or perspectives; were abstract-only, reviews, pamphlets, protocols, opinion pieces or letters; did not include Australian research; were published before 2000 and/or in a language other than English were excluded. Two reviewers screened titles, abstracts and full-text articles. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to assess studies' methodological quality. Thematic synthesis methods guided data extraction and analysis. Twenty-eight papers were included in the final review. Three themes were identified in MRY constructions of SRHR: (1) experiences of silence and shame; (2) understandings of and responses to SRHR risks; (3) navigation of relationships and sexual activity. Socioecological factors shaped MRY perspectives at individual, interpersonal, institutional and societal levels. Societal factors and interpersonal relationships significantly influenced decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanya Napier-Raman
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Syeda Zakia Hossain
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mi-Joung Lee
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; and Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 26203, USA; and School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Pranee Liamputtong
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Tinashe Dune
- School of Health Sciences & Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2747, Australia
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6
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Mengesha Z, Hawkey AJ, Baroudi M, Ussher JM, Perz J. Men of refugee and migrant backgrounds in Australia: a scoping review of sexual and reproductive health research. Sex Health 2023; 20:20-34. [PMID: 36261118 DOI: 10.1071/sh22073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Australia's National Men's Health Strategy 2020-2030 identifies refugee and migrant men from culturally and lingustically diverse backgrounds as priority groups for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions. The paucity of SRH research focusing on refugee and migrant men is a significant gap to advance men's health and policy. Hence, this review aimed to synthesise the available evidence on refugee and migrant men's SRH needs, understandingsand experiences of accessing services after resettlement in Australia. A systematic search of peer reviewed literature in PubMed, Scopus, and PsyInfo was made. A World Health Organization framework for operationalising sexual health and its relationship with reproductive health was used to map the identified studies. The socio-ecological framework was applied to thematically synthesise data extracted from individual studies and identify factors that influence the SRH of refugee and migrant men. We included 38 papers in the review. The majority of sexual health studies (16) were about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly HIV (12), followed by sexual health education and information (5) and sexual functioning (3). Reproductive health studies focused on contraceptive counselling and provision (3), antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care (1) and safe abortion care (1). Several factors influenced refugee and migrant men's SRH, including a lack of access to SRH information, language barriers and stigma. We found that SRH literature on refugee and migrant men focuses on STIs, meaning other areas of SRH are poorly understood. We identified key gaps in research on experiences of, and access to, comprehensive SRH care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Mengesha
- Centre for Health Equity Training, Research & Evaluation (CHETRE); UNSW Australia Research Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity; A Unit of Population Health; member of the Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra J Hawkey
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mazen Baroudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jane M Ussher
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janette Perz
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Okeke SR. "It was protected, except, it wasn't [with] a condom": a mixed-methods study of BBVs/STIs protective practices among International University Students in Sydney, Australia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2168. [PMID: 36434571 PMCID: PMC9700902 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of previous sex-related studies among international students in Australia and other Western societies may be limited by conflating students from conservative and non-conservative sexual backgrounds. Such conflation leads to situations where nuances and complexities around sex-related experiences are lost or, at most, tangentially investigated. To address this research problem, this study used a mixed-methods design to examine protective practices against blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections (BBVs/STIs) among Sydney-based East Asian and sub-Saharan African international students. METHODS This mixed-methods study generated quantitative data using anonymous online survey (n = 149), and qualitative data through in-depth interviews (n = 20). The main recruitment strategy involved advertising the study through paper and electronic flyers. Quantitative data were analysed using logistic regression, while interviews data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Self-reported BBVs/STIs protective practices in the last 12 months include abstinence (28.7%), consistent condom use (19.9%), occasional condom use (18.7%), single partner fidelity (25.1%), other strategies (1.8%), and nothing (5.8%). Further, findings from the bivariate analysis showed higher BBVs/STIs prevention knowledge, lower acculturation into Australian sexual culture, greater access to sexual health information, less conservative sexual norms, greater emotional social support and older age were significantly associated with increased protective practices. Variables significant at bivariate level were entered into a logistic regression. The model was statistically significant, (X2(6) = 31.33, p < 0.01) and explained 33.1% of the variance in BBVs/STIs protective practices. However, only acculturation to sexual norms in Australia (OR = 0.883, 95% CI = 0.820-0.952) was found to be independent predictor of BBVs/STIs protective practices. The results of the study based on the quantitative data, indicated condom use (consistent and occasional) was the most reported BBVs/STIs protective behaviour among sexually active participants. Therefore, interviews data was used to explore condom-use motives and practices. The interviews results showed participants primary concern as regards condom use was around pregnancy and not BBVs/STIs. Thus, some participants described safe sex largely as contraception, with BBVs/STIs constituting a secondary concern or no concern at all. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study, tailored sexual health interventions for international students; which incorporate strategies for modifying perceived sexual norms in Australia, are advocated. In addition, this study recommends sexual health interventions that promote dual protection of condoms for both contraception and BBVs/STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Reuben Okeke
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Determinants of Sexual Abuse Prevention Knowledge among Children’s Schools in West Java Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci11080337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a severe problem in Indonesia. Adequate knowledge in children about CSA prevention is essential so that children do not become victims. Lack of adequate children’s knowledge of the prevention of CSA may put them at risk for experiencing CSA. This cross-sectional study explores the association factors between knowledge and characteristics regarding the prevention of CSA. The study was conducted in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Students from grades two to nine at two elementary schools were eligible for the study. Results showed that as sources of information associated with better knowledge of CSA prevention (p = 0.00), teachers and parents significantly contributed to CSA information. Multivariate analysis showed that teachers (OR: 33.479, 95% (CI: 4.467–250.912)) and parents (OR: 45.336, 95% (CI: 10.886–188.807)) significantly contributed as a source of CSA information among students. The findings are essential important implications for interventions intended at preventing CSA. Sexual education programs should be officially applied at schools for children with the support of their parents and teachers.
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Khatri RB, Assefa Y. Access to health services among culturally and linguistically diverse populations in the Australian universal health care system: issues and challenges. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:880. [PMID: 35505307 PMCID: PMC9063872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background About half of first- or second-generation Australians are born overseas, and one-in-five speak English as their second language at home which often are referred to as Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) populations. These people have varied health needs and face several barriers in accessing health services. Nevertheless, there are limited studies that synthesised these challenges. This study aimed to explore issues and challenges in accessing health services among CALD populations in Australia. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature published from 1st January 1970 to 30th October 2021 in four databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Web of Science. The search strategy was developed around CALD populations and the health services within the Australian context. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines for selection and Arksey and O’Malley framework for analysis of relevant articles. A narrative synthesis of data was conducted using inductive thematic analysis approach. Identified issues and challenges were described using an adapted socioecological model. Results A total of 64 studies were included in the final review. Several challenges at various levels were identified to influence access to health services utilisation. Individual and family level challenges were related to interacting social and health conditions, poor health literacy, multimorbidity, diminishing healthy migrants’ effect. Community and organisational level challenges were acculturation leading to unhealthy food behaviours and lifestyles, language and communication problems, inadequate interpretation services, and poor cultural competency of providers. Finally, challenges at systems and policy levels included multiple structural disadvantages and vulnerabilities, inadequate health systems and services to address the needs of CALD populations. Conclusions People from CALD backgrounds have multiple interacting social factors and diseases, low access to health services, and face challenges in the multilevel health and social systems. Health systems and services need to focus on treating multimorbidity through culturally appropriate health interventions that can effectively prevent and control diseases. Existing health services can be strengthened by ensuring multilingual health resources and onsite interpreters. Addressing structural challenges needs a holistic policy intervention such as improving social determinants of health (e.g., improving living and working conditions and reducing socioeconomic disparities) of CALD populations, which requires a high level political commitment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13256-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resham B Khatri
- School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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10
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Chalmiers MA, Karaki F, Muriki M, Mody S, Chen A, de Bocanegra HT. Refugee women's experiences with contraceptive care after resettlement in high-income countries: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis. Contraception 2021; 108:7-18. [PMID: 34971601 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Refugee women often share histories of forced displacement, economic hardship, or gender-based violence and may face common barriers to reproductive healthcare access after resettlement in high-income countries. This Critical Interpretive Synthesis integrates the available data on contraceptive care for refugee women after resettlement. The review examined shared aspects of the refugee experience that impact women's access to high-quality contraceptive care and transcend the particularities of specific health systems or countries of origin. These include possible shifts in gendered norms and fertility preferences after resettlement, prior experiences with contraception in home countries, refugee camps, and other sites of first-asylum, and negative experiences with healthcare providers after resettlement (i.e. communication barriers or experiencing discrimination). Our findings demonstrate the need for further methodologically-rigorous research in the field of refugee reproductive health, specifically in relation to evidence-based approaches to training interpreters and providers in contraceptive care for refugees and on male partners and their influence on contraceptive use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgen A Chalmiers
- Department of Anthropology, Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Diego.
| | - Fatima Karaki
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco.
| | - Maneesha Muriki
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis.
| | - Sheila Mody
- School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego.
| | - Andy Chen
- School of Medicine, Loyola University.
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11
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Engstrom T, Waller M, Mullens AB, Durham J, Debattista J, Wenham K, Bell SFE, Ariana A, Gu Z, Daken K, Dingle K, Gilks CF, Williams OD, Dean JA. STI and HIV knowledge and testing: a comparison of domestic Australian-born, domestic overseas-born and international university students in Australia. Sex Health 2021; 18:346-348. [PMID: 34412769 DOI: 10.1071/sh21055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
University students usually consist of young people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, and a group recognised as being at increased risk of STI. This study found lower levels of STI knowledge and STI testing among international students and to a lesser extent, domestic overseas-born students, compared with domestic Australian-born students. International students exhibited lower risk sexual behaviour but were more likely to have had a HIV test than domestic students. This diversity in sexual health knowledge, sexual health services utilisation and sexual experience indicates the need for a variety of public health approaches to improve sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teyl Engstrom
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland,Herston Campus, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Michael Waller
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland,Herston Campus, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Amy B Mullens
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich Campus, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, Qld 4305, Australia
| | - Jo Durham
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia
| | - Joseph Debattista
- Metro North Public Health Unit, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Bryden Street, Windsor, Qld 4030, Australia
| | - Kathryn Wenham
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, 90 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, Qld 4556, Australia
| | - Sara F E Bell
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland,Herston Campus, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Armin Ariana
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - Zhihong Gu
- Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland, 253 Boundary Street, West End, Qld 4101, Australia
| | - Kirstie Daken
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich Campus, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, Qld 4305, Australia
| | - Kaeleen Dingle
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Qld 4059, Australia
| | - Charles F Gilks
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland,Herston Campus, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Owain D Williams
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland,Herston Campus, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Judith A Dean
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland,Herston Campus, 288 Herston Road, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
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Gray C, Crawford G, Lobo R, Maycock B. Getting the right message: a content analysis and application of the health literacy INDEX tool to online HIV resources in Australia. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2021; 36:61-74. [PMID: 33319239 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Health literacy is considered by some as a determinant of health. Research suggests that different levels of health literacy may be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and behaviour, including willingness to test. This study assessed the health literacy demands of existing Australia HIV prevention resources available online using a health literacy assessment and content analysis. Two reviewers assessed 66 resources using the Health Literacy INDEX. Sixty-one (92%) scored below 50%, with an average score of 35.5%. A coding frame was developed to conduct a content analysis of the resources excluding videos, multiple webpages and booklets (n = 52). We coded for six categories of knowledge: HIV knowledge (100% of resources), transmission (96%), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) knowledge (88%), testing (87%), consequence of infection (85%) and prevention (77%). We found that resources required a reading grade above grade 8, and very few resources considered audience appropriateness. There were missed opportunities to encourage HIV prevention or testing. Some resources used incorrect language to refer towards people living with HIV, and transmission and prevention messages were often inconsistent. Guidelines for developing HIV prevention resources are warranted to improve health literacy, accessibility and appropriateness of resources and ensure consistent messages and framing of HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- College of Medicine & Health, University of Exeter, Devon, Exeter EX4 4SB, UK
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Mundie A, Lazarou M, Mullens AB, Gu Z, Dean JA. Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Chinese international students studying abroad (in Australia, the UK and the US): a scoping review. Sex Health 2021; 18:294-302. [PMID: 34399883 DOI: 10.1071/sh21044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
International students within Australia are disproportionately affected by adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes. Chinese international students represent the majority of international students in Australia, and a large proportion of students in other high-income countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, making them an important priority group. However, the SRH issues of this priority group have received little attention from international researchers. This review provides an overview of global studies surrounding the SRH knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Chinese international students studying abroad. Ten articles were deemed relevant and findings from both the qualitative and quantitative data synthesis were categorised into six codes: (1) knowledge; (2) sources of information; (3) attitudes; (4) behaviours; (5) barriers; and (6) recommendations. The findings provide valuable understanding to inform the development of targeted, culturally sensitive and inclusive health promotion initiatives and policies. It is recommended that further research is conducted in this field to reduce evident health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabella Mundie
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 266 Herston Road, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Mattea Lazarou
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 266 Herston Road, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Amy B Mullens
- School of Psychology & Counselling, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, 11 Salisbury Road, Ipswich, Qld 4305, Australia
| | - Zhihong Gu
- Ethnic Communities Council of Queensland (ECCQ), 253 Boundary Street, West End, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia
| | - Judith A Dean
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, 266 Herston Road, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia
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Rogers MK, McKeown E. Sero-risk neutral and sero-risk averse: perceptions of risk and condom use among Black African heterosexual migrant couples in serodiscordant relationships in the UK. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:1291-1299. [PMID: 32981426 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419889264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper explores how perceptions of risk of infecting HIV-negative partners influence condom use among Black African heterosexual couples in stable relationships with one partner living with HIV (serodiscordant relationships). Twenty-five in-depth couple and individual interviews were analysed through phenomenological reflection and writing. A major finding was that in attempts to preserve their relationships, couples debated condom use strategies based on their perceptions of risk of infecting HIV-negative partners. We recommend that HIV prevention information among Black African heterosexual couples with a partner living with HIV should be understood from the perceptions of risk from both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Rogers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Eamonn McKeown
- School of Health Sciences, City University of London, London, UK
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Raymundo G, Smith-Merry J, McNab J. Experiences of health service literacy and access amongst Australian young adults from migrant backgrounds. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32 Suppl 1:69-79. [PMID: 32808333 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED We currently know very little about the attitudes of young adult Australians from migrant backgrounds towards health service utilisation. This qualitative study aimed to explore their experiences of accessing health services and identify barriers and facilitators to health service utilisation. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people aged between 18-24 and living in Greater Western Sydney. Interview questions focused on facilitators and barriers to health service access. NVivo 11 was used to facilitate thematic analysis of the interviews. RESULTS Twenty-five young adults between 18-24 years from migrant backgrounds participated. Twenty semi-structured individual interviews and one group interview with five participants were conducted. Analysis identified themes relating to health literacy, cultural factors and quality of care and showed the importance of families, the education system and service outreach in facilitating access. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that more effective delivery of health services information in education, positive engagement between service-providers and service-users, and age-appropriate, culturally considerate health promotion strategies are needed to overcome barriers to health services accessibility. SO WHAT?: The results show the importance of families and communities, the education system and health service outreach in facilitating health service access for young people from migrant backgrounds. The paper highlights the need for more effective health promotion strategies targeting this group, their families and communities. To increase access, health promotion practitioners need to actively reach out to families and young people from migrant backgrounds through education and community-relevant forums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianina Raymundo
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Smith-Merry
- Centre for Disability Research and Policy and Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin McNab
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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Vujcich D, Wangda S, Roberts M, Lobo R, Maycock B, Kulappu Thanthirige C, Reid A. Modes of administering sexual health and blood-borne virus surveys in migrant populations: A scoping review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236821. [PMID: 32745106 PMCID: PMC7398552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing number of sexual health and blood-borne virus (SHBBV) surveys specifically administered to migrant populations. The purpose of this scoping review is to collate available information about how SHBBV surveys have been administered in migrant populations and the effect that mode of administration has on data quality, reliability and other practical considerations, e.g. response rates (RR) and social desirability bias. A methodological framework for scoping reviews was applied. SHBBV survey studies administered to international migrants published since 2000 were included if they contained some description of mode of administration. Ninety one studies were identified for inclusion from Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar and supplementary grey literature. 'Interview only' was the most common mode of administration (n = 48), predominately comprising face-to-face interviews. Thirty six studies reported data from 'self-completed' surveys only, with pen-and-paper being most common (n = 17). Few studies (n = 7) combined interview and self-completed methods of survey administration. Sixty one studies did not report (or only partially reported) RR or the data necessary to calculate RR. Of the studies that reported RR, most were missing other key information including method of recruitment, consent procedures and whether incentives were offered. Strengths and limitations of all administration modes are summarised. Guidelines to inform future SHBBV survey research in migrant populations are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vujcich
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Meagan Roberts
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- College of Medicine & Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alison Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Gray C, Lobo R, Narciso L, Oudih E, Gunaratnam P, Thorpe R, Crawford G. Why I Can't, Won't or Don't Test for HIV: Insights from Australian Migrants Born in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1034. [PMID: 30901957 PMCID: PMC6466030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
People born in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia are overrepresented in HIV notifications in Australia. Just under half of all notifications among people from sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia are diagnosed late. Increased HIV testing among these communities is necessary to ensure early diagnosis, better care and reduce likelihood of HIV onward transmission. Recently, Australia has made new HIV testing methods available: rapid HIV testing and self-testing kits. We conducted 11 focus groups with 77 participants with people from sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia in four jurisdictions in Australia. Focus groups discussed barriers to HIV testing and the acceptability of new testing methods. Barriers to HIV testing included: cost and eligibility of health services, low visibility of HIV in Australia, HIV-related stigma, and missed opportunities by general practitioners (GPs) for early diagnosis of HIV and linkage into care. Participants had low levels of knowledge on where to test for HIV and the different methods available. Diverse opportunities for testing were considered important. Interventions to increase HIV testing rates among sub-Saharan African, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asian migrants in Australia need to be multi-strategic and aimed at individual, community and policy levels. New methods of HIV testing, including rapid HIV testing and self-testing, present an opportunity to engage with migrants outside of traditional health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Lea Narciso
- Communicable Disease Control Branch, Public Health and Clinical Systems, Department for Health and Wellbeing, Government of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Enaam Oudih
- PEACE Multicultural Services, Relationships Australia South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Praveena Gunaratnam
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Rachel Thorpe
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
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A Review of Health Survey Research for People with Refugee Background Resettled from Africa: Research Gaps and Methodological Issues. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 6:160-181. [PMID: 30014446 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-0511-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed 27 studies on adults with a refugee background resettled from Africa published between 1999 and 2017 to appraise their methodological issues for survey research. Out of 27 studies, eleven used a single sampling method (referral = 1, convenience = 10), and 16 relied on multiple sampling methods, many of which were combinations of referral and convenience. The two most salient recruitment strategies found were building trusted relationships with the community (n = 15), and using recruiters who were culturally and linguistically matched to the refugee communities of interest (n = 14). Fifteen studies used existing data collection instruments, while in 13 studies, researchers developed their own data collection instruments. In-person or phone interviews using bilingual interviewers (n = 21) were the most frequently used mode of data collection, followed by a self-administered survey (n = 7). Our review presents methodological gaps in current refugee health studies, such as limited use of probability sampling approach due to system barriers, lack of information in community engagement and recruitment processes, and insufficient considerations of unique culture and experiences of refugee communities when developing or adapting the instruments. Efforts can be made to guide and facilitate appropriate reporting and development of more scientifically robust survey methodologies for refugee health studies, as well as to improve registration system infrastructure that may help identify these hidden populations more effectively.
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Rade DA, Crawford G, Lobo R, Gray C, Brown G. Sexual Health Help-Seeking Behavior among Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia living in High Income Countries: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1311. [PMID: 29932158 PMCID: PMC6069090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The number of migrants has increased globally. This phenomenon has contributed to increasing health problems amongst migrants in high-income countries, including vulnerability for HIV acquisition and other sexual health issues. Adaptation processes in destination countries can present difficulties for migrants to seek help from and gain access to health services. This study examined migrants’ from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South East Asia (SEA) sexual health help-seeking behavior in high-income countries with universal health coverage. The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. Several databases were searched from 2000 to 2017. Of 2824 studies, 15 met the inclusion criteria. These consisted of 12 qualitative and three quantitative studies conducted in Australia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Scotland, Ireland, and Sweden. Migrants experienced a range of difficulties accessing health services, specifically those related to sexual health, in high-income countries. Few studies described sources of sexual health help-seeking or facilitators to help-seeking. Barriers to access were numerous, including: stigma, direct and indirect costs, difficulty navigating health systems in destination countries and lack of cultural competency within health services. More culturally secure health services, increased health service literacy and policy support to mitigate costs, will improve health service access for migrants from SSA and SEA. Addressing the structural drivers for stigma and discrimination remains an ongoing and critical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Angelina Rade
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
| | - Graham Brown
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia.
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Gray C, Crawford G, Reid A, Lobo R. HIV knowledge and use of health services among people from South-East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa living in Western Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2018; 29:274-281. [PMID: 29687507 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV notifications among people born in sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia have increased in Australia in the last decade. People born in these regions have the highest rates of HIV diagnosis by region of birth and are overrepresented in late or advanced presentation of HIV infection. METHODS This study developed and tested a questionnaire for reliability through test-retest. A cross-sectional survey using intercept and online recruitment of HIV knowledge and use of health services was then undertaken among people born in sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia, who had arrived in Australia less than 10 years ago and were living in Western Australia (n = 209). Results were reported on by gender and length of time in Australia. RESULTS Participants had a reasonable knowledge of HIV transmission, but held a number of incorrect beliefs. Two-thirds (65%) of participants reported a barrier to accessing health services in Australia. Just over a third (34%) of participants had ever tested for HIV, despite indicating that they believed HIV testing was important. CONCLUSIONS This project indicates a very low rate of HIV testing among this priority population. Further action is required to improve early diagnosis of HIV and reduce onward transmission of HIV infection within these communities. SO WHAT?: We need targeted interventions that extend beyond knowledge to increase HIV testing rates among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corie Gray
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Alison Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Roanna Lobo
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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