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Spooner HC, Dixon RE. 14-3-3 proteins: Regulators of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling and stress responses. J Physiol 2025. [PMID: 40349303 DOI: 10.1113/jp288566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2025] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/14/2025] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved proteins that regulate numerous cellular processes mostly through phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions. In the heart 14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in cardiac conduction pathways, excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, development and stress responses. This review summarizes the current understanding of cardiac 14-3-3 regulation and function, with particular emphasis on its role in ion channel regulation and β-adrenergic signalling. We discuss how 14-3-3 proteins act through three main mechanisms - masking, clamping, and scaffolding - to regulate target proteins, including Cx43, CaV1.2, NaV1.5, and various potassium channels. The seven mammalian 14-3-3 isoforms display distinct but overlapping functions, with tissue-specific expression patterns and isoform-specific regulation through phosphorylation and dimerization. Recent work has revealed 14-3-3's importance in cardiac development and stress responses, where it generally serves a cardioprotective role. However in some pathological contexts such as ischaemia-reperfusion injury, 14-3-3 can be detrimental. We highlight emerging themes in cardiac 14-3-3 biology, including its role in prolonging β-adrenergic signalling. Understanding the complex regulation of cardiac 14-3-3 and its numerous targets presents both opportunities and challenges for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Spooner
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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2
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Ribeiro RFN, Santos MR, Aquino M, de Almeida LP, Cavadas C, Silva MMC. The Therapeutic Potential of Melatonin and Its Novel Synthetic Analogs in Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders, Inflammation-Associated Pathologies, and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Med Res Rev 2025. [PMID: 40344229 DOI: 10.1002/med.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2025] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 04/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/11/2025]
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, is a tryptophan-derived hormone mostly produced in the pineal gland, despite being synthesized locally at several tissues and organs. This production is rhythmically controlled by complex clock gene networks in the master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Melatonin is usually secreted only during the dark phase of the day and is essential to synchronize circadian rhythms and neuroendocrine physiological processes. Its main clinical use is associated with the treatment of jet lag and other circadian rhythm sleep disorders, with a growing number of other promising therapeutic applications due to the diverse physiological roles of melatonin. In this review, we explore melatonin and its receptors and provide an updated overview on research concerning the role of melatonin, either as an endogenous molecule or as a drug, in: sleep-wake cycle regulation; circadian rhythms; inflammatory processes that may compromise cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, and reproductive system functions; and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. The most recent and promising research findings concerning melatonin synthetic analogs such as agomelatine and ramelteon are highlighted, pointing toward new compounds with promising pharmacological activity while emphasizing their structural differences and advantages when compared to melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo F N Ribeiro
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Aquino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuel C Silva
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Barrera EE, Skrabana R, Bustos DM. Deciphering opening mechanisms of 14-3-3 proteins. Protein Sci 2025; 34:e70108. [PMID: 40130781 PMCID: PMC11934215 DOI: 10.1002/pro.70108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/26/2025]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a highly conserved family of regulatory molecules that play crucial roles in various cellular processes. They are known for their ability to bind to phosphorylated serine and threonine residues on target proteins, which allows them to modulate their activity, localization, and stability. In mammals, there are seven known paralogs of 14-3-3 proteins, designated as β, ε, ζ, η, σ, τ, and γ. Each paralog has distinct biological functions and tissue distributions, which allow a diverse range of regulatory roles in cellular processes. The conformational plasticity of 14-3-3s regulates their interaction with protein partners but has not yet been thoroughly characterized. We investigated this topic by classical molecular dynamics simulations and observed how the γ, ε, and ζ paralogs exhibit different opening rates. A PCA analysis identified the main modes of these opening-conformational variations. Using correlation-based tools and simulations with single amino acid substitutions, we have recognized how the amphipathic 14-3-3 groove opening is triggered by a distally located aliphatic-π interaction. The identified residues form a partially conserved small cavity between helices H6, H7, and H8, representing a potential paralog-specific drug site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Exequiel E. Barrera
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICETMendozaArgentina
| | - Rostislav Skrabana
- Institute of NeuroimmunologySlovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Diego M. Bustos
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICETMendozaArgentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUNCUYOMendozaArgentina
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Zhao J, Liu S, Ren H, Afriyie OE, Zhang M, Xu D, Huang X. Genome-wide identification and comparative evolution of 14-3-3 gene family members in five Brassicaceae species. BMC Genomics 2025; 26:309. [PMID: 40155852 PMCID: PMC11954322 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-025-11513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/20/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 14-3-3 proteins are highly conserved regulatory eukaryotic proteins, which are crucial in growth, development, and stress responses. However, systematic characterization of the 14-3-3 gene family in Brassicaceae species and their evolutionary relationships have not been comprehensively reported. RESULTS This study conducted genome-wide identification, structural characteristics, and comparative evolutionary analysis of 14-3-3 gene family members in Arabidopsis thaliana, A. lyrata, A. pumila, Camelina sativa, and Brassica oleracea using comparative genomics. Overall, a total of 108 14-3-3 genes, which were phylogenetically classified into ε and non-ε groups were identified in the five species, with the non-ε members exhibiting more similar exon-intron structures and conserved motif patterns. Collinearity analysis revealed that the Brassicaceae 14-3-3 gene family members underwent varying degrees of expansion following whole-genome duplication (WGD) events. Notably, the number of 14-3-3 gene family members between A. lyrata and A. thaliana remained similar despite the former having approximately 1.66-fold larger genome size. In contrast, the number of 14-3-3 gene family members in A. pumila and C. sativa increased in proportionately to their genome size, while gene members in the more distantly related species to A. thaliana, B. oleracea, showed irregular expansion patterns. Selection pressure analysis revealed that 14-3-3 homologs in all the five species underwent purifying selection, with the group ε members experiencing relatively weaker purifying selection. Cloning of ApGRF6-2 gene from A. pumila indicated that the ApGRF6-2 protein was localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, while ectopic overexpression of ApGRF6-2 in A. thaliana could promote early flowering by upregulating the expression of floral meristem identity genes. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive and systematic identification of the 14-3-3 gene family members in five Brassicaceae species using updated genome sequences, and the results could form a basis for further validation of functional and molecular mechanisms of 14-3-3 genes in plant growth, development, abiotic stress responses, as well as flowering regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Shengqin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Hui Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Owusu Edwin Afriyie
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Mengzhu Zhang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Dachao Xu
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou, 233100, China.
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Reiter RJ, Sharma RN, Chuffa LGDA, da Silva DGH, Rosales-Corral S. Intrinsically synthesized melatonin in mitochondria and factors controlling its production. Histol Histopathol 2025; 40:271-282. [PMID: 38920277 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The percentage of the total amount of melatonin produced in vertebrates that comes from the pineal is small (likely <5%) but, nevertheless, functionally highly noteworthy. The significance of pineal melatonin is that it is secreted cyclically such that it has a critical function in influencing not only the suprachiasmatic nucleus but clock genes that reside in perhaps every cell throughout the organism. Extrapineal melatonin, which may be synthesized in the mitochondria of all other cells in much larger amounts than that in the pineal gland has a different function than that derived from the pineal gland. Its synthesis is not circadian and it is not directly impacted by the photoperiodic environment. Also, melatonin from the extrapineal sites is not normally secreted into the blood stream; rather, it acts locally in its cell of synthesis or, possibly via paracrine mechanisms, on immediately adjacent cells. The functions of extrapineal melatonin include central roles in maintaining molecular and redox homeostasis and actions in resisting pathological processes due to its ability to directly or indirectly detoxify free radicals. The vast majority of organisms that exist on Earth lack a pineal gland so pineal-derived melatonin is unique to vertebrates. Evidence suggests that all invertebrates, protists and plants synthesized melatonin and they have no pineal homolog; thus, the production of melatonin by extrapineal cells in vertebrates should not be unexpected. While the factors that control pineal melatonin synthesis are well documented, the processes that regulate extrapineal melatonin production are undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ramaswamy N Sharma
- Applied Biomedical Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word, School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Sergio Rosales-Corral
- Department of Neurosciences, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Mexico
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Tian Y, Li L, Wu L, Xu Q, Li Y, Pan H, Bing T, Bai X, Finko AV, Li Z, Bian J. Recent Developments in 14-3-3 Stabilizers for Regulating Protein-Protein Interactions: An Update. J Med Chem 2025; 68:2124-2146. [PMID: 39902774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play a crucial role in the regulation of protein-protein interactions, impacting various cellular processes and disease mechanisms. Recent advancements have led to the development of stabilizers that enhance the binding of 14-3-3 proteins to clients, presenting promising therapeutic potentials. This perspective provides an updated overview of the latest developments in the field of 14-3-3 stabilizers, with a focus on their design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. We discuss the structural basis for the interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and their ligands, highlighting key modifications that enhance binding affinity and selectivity. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic applications of 14-3-3 stabilizers across major therapeutic areas such as cancer, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. By summarizing recent research findings and technological advancements, this perspective aims to shed light on the current state of 14-3-3 stabilizer developments and outline future directions for optimizing these compounds as effective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Longjing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liuyi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yaojie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huawei Pan
- ICE Bioscience, Bldg 15, Yd 18, Kechuang 13th St, Etown, Tongzhou Dist, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Tiejun Bing
- ICE Bioscience, Bldg 15, Yd 18, Kechuang 13th St, Etown, Tongzhou Dist, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiumei Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander V Finko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinlei Bian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Pattanayak R, Ekkatine R, Petit CM, Yacoubian TA. 14-3-3 phosphorylation inhibits 14-3-3θ's ability to regulate LRRK2 kinase activity and toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:2071-2083. [PMID: 39324210 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 mutations are among the most common genetic causes for Parkinson's disease (PD), and toxicity is associated with increased kinase activity. 14-3-3 proteins are key interactors that regulate LRRK2 kinase activity. Phosphorylation of the 14-3-3θ isoform at S232 is dramatically increased in human PD brains. Here we investigate the impact of 14-3-3θ phosphorylation on its ability to regulate LRRK2 kinase activity. Both wildtype and the non-phosphorylatable S232A 14-3-3θ mutant reduced the kinase activity of wildtype and G2019S LRRK2, whereas the phosphomimetic S232D 14-3-3θ mutant had minimal effects on LRRK2 kinase activity, as determined by measuring autophosphorylation at S1292 and T1503 and Rab10 phosphorylation. However, wildtype and both 14-3-3θ mutants similarly reduced the kinase activity of the R1441G LRRK2 mutant. 14-3-3θ phosphorylation did not promote global dissociation with LRRK2, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assays. 14-3-3s interact with LRRK2 at several phosphorylated serine/threonine sites, including T2524 in the C-terminal helix, which can fold back to regulate the kinase domain. Interaction between 14-3-3θ and phosphorylated T2524 LRRK2 was important for 14-3-3θ's ability to regulate kinase activity, as wildtype and S232A 14-3-3θ failed to reduce the kinase activity of G2019S/T2524A LRRK2. Finally, we found that the S232D mutation failed to protect against G2019S LRRK2-induced neurite shortening in primary cultures, while the S232A mutation was protective. We conclude that 14-3-3θ phosphorylation destabilizes the interaction of 14-3-3θ with LRRK2 at T2524, which consequently promotes LRRK2 kinase activity and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradip Pattanayak
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 Sixth Avenue South, Civitan International Research Building 510, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Roschongporn Ekkatine
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 Sixth Avenue South, Civitan International Research Building 510, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Chad M Petit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20th Street South, Kaul 452, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 Sixth Avenue South, Civitan International Research Building 510, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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Sheikh AH, Zacharia I, Tabassum N, Hirt H, Ntoukakis V. 14-3-3 proteins as a major hub for plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:1245-1253. [PMID: 38955584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins, ubiquitously present in eukaryotic cells, are regulatory proteins involved in a plethora of cellular processes. In plants, they have been studied in the context of metabolism, development, and stress responses. Recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of 14-3-3 proteins in regulating plant immunity. The ability of 14-3-3 proteins to modulate immune responses is primarily attributed to their function as interaction hubs, mediating protein-protein interactions and thereby regulating the activity and overall function of their binding partners. Here, we shed light on how 14-3-3 proteins contribute to plant defense mechanisms, the implications of their interactions with components of plant immunity cascades, and the potential for leveraging this knowledge for crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsheed H Sheikh
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iosif Zacharia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Naheed Tabassum
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vardis Ntoukakis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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9
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Panigrahi AK, Pal PK, Sarkar Paria D. Melatonin as an Ameliorative Agent Against Cadmium- and Lead-Induced Toxicity in Fish: an Overview. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:5790-5820. [PMID: 38224395 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Diverse anthropogenic activities and lack of knowledge on its consequences have promoted serious heavy metal contaminations in different aquatic systems throughout the globe. The non-biodegradable nature of most of these toxic heavy metals has increased the concern on their possible bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms as well as in other vertebrates. Among these aquatic species, fish are most sensitive to such contaminated water that not only decreases their chance of survivability in the nature but also increases the probability of biomagnifications of these heavy metals in higher order food chain. After entering the fish body, heavy metals induce detrimental changes in different vital organs by impairing multiple physiological and biochemical pathways that are essential for the species. Such alterations may include tissue damage, induction of oxidative stress, immune-suppression, endocrine disorders, uncontrolled cell proliferation, DNA damage, and even apoptosis. Although uncountable reports have explored the toxic effects of different heavy metals in diverse fish species, but surprisingly, only a few attempts have been made to ameliorate such toxic effects. Since, oxidative stress seems to be the underlying common factor in such heavy metal-induced toxicity, therefore, a potent and endogenous antioxidant with no side effect may be an appropriate therapeutic solution. Apart from summarizing the toxic effects of two important toxicants, i.e., cadmium and lead in fish, the novelty of the present treatise lies in its arguments in favor of using melatonin, an endogenous free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, in ameliorating the toxic effects of heavy metals in any fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kumar Panigrahi
- The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
- Eco-toxicology, Fisheries & Aquaculture Extension Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Beng, al-741235, India
| | - Palash Kumar Pal
- Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, 700009, India
| | - Dipanwita Sarkar Paria
- Department of Zoology, Chandernagore College, The University of Burdwan, Chandernagore, West Beng, al-712136, India.
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Obsilova V, Obsil T. Look for the Scaffold: Multifaceted Regulation of Enzyme Activity by 14-3-3 Proteins. Physiol Res 2024; 73:S401-S412. [PMID: 38647170 PMCID: PMC11412345 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme activity is regulated by several mechanisms, including phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is a key signal transduction process in all eukaryotic cells and is thus crucial for virtually all cellular processes. In addition to its direct effect on protein structure, phosphorylation also affects protein-protein interactions, such as binding to scaffolding 14-3-3 proteins, which selectively recognize phosphorylated motifs. These interactions then modulate the catalytic activity, cellular localisation and interactions of phosphorylated enzymes through different mechanisms. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight several examples of 14-3-3 protein-dependent mechanisms of enzyme regulation previously studied in our laboratory over the past decade. More specifically, we address here the regulation of the human enzymes ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, procaspase-2, calcium-calmodulin dependent kinases CaMKK1/2, and death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) and yeast neutral trehalase Nth1.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Obsilova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic. or
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11
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Zhang T, Zhu Y, Wang X, Chong D, Wang H, Bu D, Zhao M, Fang L, Li C. The characterization of protein lactylation in relation to cardiac metabolic reprogramming in neonatal mouse hearts. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:735-748. [PMID: 38479452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the neonatal heart can regenerate upon injury within a short time after birth, while adults lose this ability. Metabolic reprogramming has been demonstrated to be critical for cardiomyocyte proliferation in the neonatal heart. Here, we reveal that cardiac metabolic reprogramming could be regulated by altering global protein lactylation. By performing 4D label-free proteomics and lysine lactylation (Kla) omics analyses in mouse hearts at postnatal days 1, 5, and 7, 2297 Kla sites from 980 proteins are identified, among which 1262 Kla sites from 409 proteins are quantified. Functional clustering analysis reveals that the proteins with altered Kla sites are mainly involved in metabolic processes. The expression and Kla levels of proteins in glycolysis show a positive correlation while a negative correlation in fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, we verify the Kla levels of several differentially modified proteins, including ACAT1, ACADL, ACADVL, PFKM, PKM, and NPM1. Overall, our study reports a comprehensive Kla map in the neonatal mouse heart, which will help to understand the regulatory network of metabolic reprogramming and cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yingxi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Danyang Chong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Haiquan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Dandan Bu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China.
| | - Chaojun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, China International Joint Research Center on Environment and Human Health, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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Obsilova V, Obsil T. The yeast 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 regulate key signaling pathways. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1327014. [PMID: 38328397 PMCID: PMC10847541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1327014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling regulates several physiological processes by receiving, processing, and transmitting signals between the extracellular and intracellular environments. In signal transduction, phosphorylation is a crucial effector as the most common posttranslational modification. Selectively recognizing specific phosphorylated motifs of target proteins and modulating their functions through binding interactions, the yeast 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 are involved in catabolite repression, carbon metabolism, endocytosis, and mitochondrial retrograde signaling, among other key cellular processes. These conserved scaffolding molecules also mediate crosstalk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation, the spatiotemporal control of meiosis, and the activity of ion transporters Trk1 and Nha1. In humans, deregulation of analogous processes triggers the development of serious diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, viral infections, microbial conditions and neuronal and age-related diseases. Accordingly, the aim of this review article is to provide a brief overview of the latest findings on the functions of yeast 14-3-3 proteins, focusing on their role in modulating the aforementioned processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Obsilova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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13
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Kolonko-Adamska M, Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk A, Bartosińska-Marzec P, Koźmiński W, Popowicz G, Krężel A, Ożyhar A, Greb-Markiewicz B. Interaction patterns of methoprene-tolerant and germ cell-expressed Drosophila JH receptors suggest significant differences in their functioning. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1215550. [PMID: 37654797 PMCID: PMC10465699 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1215550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methoprene-tolerant (Met) and germ cell-expressed (Gce) proteins were shown to be juvenile hormone (JH) receptors of Drosophila melanogaster with partially redundant functions. We raised the question of where the functional differentiation of paralogs comes from. Therefore, we tested Met and Gce interaction patterns with selected partners. In this study, we showed the ability of Gce and its C-terminus (GceC) to interact with 14-3-3 in the absence of JH. In contrast, Met or Met C-terminus (MetC) interactions with 14-3-3 were not observed. We also performed a detailed structural analysis of Met/Gce interactions with the nuclear receptor fushi tarazu factor-1 (Ftz-F1) ligand-binding domain. We showed that GceC comprising an Ftz-F1-binding site and full-length protein interacts with Ftz-F1. In contrast to Gce, only MetC (not full-length Met) can interact with Ftz-F1 in the absence of JH. We propose that the described differences result from the distinct tertiary structure and accessibility of binding sites in the full-length Met/Gce. Moreover, we hypothesize that each interacting partner can force disordered MetC and GceC to change the structure in a partner-specific manner. The observed interactions seem to determine the subcellular localization of Met/Gce by forcing their translocation between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which may affect the activity of the proteins. The presented differences between Met and Gce can be crucial for their functional differentiation during D. melanogaster development and indicate Gce as a more universal and more active paralog. It is consistent with the theory indicating gce as an ancestor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kolonko-Adamska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A. Zawadzka-Kazimierczuk
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P. Bartosińska-Marzec
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Koźmiński
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G. Popowicz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Bavarian NMR Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - A. Krężel
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - A. Ożyhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - B. Greb-Markiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Pattanayak R, Petit CM, Yacoubian TA. 14-3-3 phosphorylation inhibits 14-3-3θ's ability to regulate LRRK2 kinase activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.27.542591. [PMID: 37398189 PMCID: PMC10312468 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.27.542591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
LRRK2 mutations are among the most common genetic causes for Parkinson's disease (PD), and toxicity is associated with increased kinase activity. 14-3-3 proteins are key interactors that regulate LRRK2 kinase activity. Phosphorylation of the 14-3-3θ isoform at S232 is dramatically increased in human PD brains. Here we investigate the impact of 14-3-3θ phosphorylation on its ability to regulate LRRK2 kinase activity. Both wildtype and the non-phosphorylatable S232A 14-3-3θ mutant reduced the kinase activity of wildtype and G2019S LRRK2, whereas the phosphomimetic S232D 14-3-3θ mutant had minimal effects on LRRK2 kinase activity, as determined by measuring autophosphorylation at S1292 and T1503 and Rab10 phosphorylation. However, wildtype and both 14-3-3θ mutants similarly reduced the kinase activity of the R1441G LRRK2 mutant. 14-3-3θ phosphorylation did not promote global dissociation with LRRK2, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assays. 14-3-3s interact with LRRK2 at several phosphorylated serine/threonine sites, including T2524 in the C-terminal helix, which can fold back to regulate the kinase domain. Interaction between 14-3-3θ and phosphorylated T2524 LRRK2 was important for 14-3-3θ's ability to regulate kinase activity, as wildtype and S232A 14-3-3θ failed to reduce the kinase activity of G2019S/T2524A LRRK2. Molecular modeling showed that 14-3-3θ phosphorylation causes a partial rearrangement of its canonical binding pocket, thus affecting the interaction between 14-3-3θ and the C-terminus of LRRK2. We conclude that 14-3-3θ phosphorylation destabilizes the interaction of 14-3-3θ with LRRK2 at T2524, which consequently promotes LRRK2 kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradip Pattanayak
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 Sixth Avenue South, Civitan International Research Building 510A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chad M Petit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 720 20 Street South, Kaul 452, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1719 Sixth Avenue South, Civitan International Research Building 510A, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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15
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Ashton A, Clark J, Fedo J, Sementilli A, Fragoso YD, McCaffery P. Retinoic Acid Signalling in the Pineal Gland Is Conserved across Mammalian Species and Its Transcriptional Activity Is Inhibited by Melatonin. Cells 2023; 12:286. [PMID: 36672220 PMCID: PMC9856906 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The pineal gland is integral to the circadian timing system due to its role in nightly melatonin production. Retinoic acid (RA) is a potent regulator of gene transcription and has previously been found to exhibit diurnal changes in synthesis and signalling in the rat pineal gland. This study investigated the potential for the interaction of these two systems. PCR was used to study gene expression in mouse and human pineal glands, ex-vivo organotypic cultured rat pineal gland and cell lines. The mouse and human pineal glands were both found to express the necessary components required for RA signalling. RA influences the circadian clock in the brain, therefore the short-term effect of RA on clock gene expression was determined in ex vivo rat pineal glands but was not found to rapidly regulate Per1, Per2, Bmal1, or Cry1. The interaction between RA and melatonin was also investigated and, unexpectedly, melatonin was found to suppress the induction of gene transcription by RA. This study demonstrates that pineal expression of the RA signalling system is conserved across mammalian species. There is no short-term regulation of the circadian clock but an inhibitory effect of melatonin on RA transcriptional activity was demonstrated, suggesting that there may be functional cross-talk between these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ashton
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Jason Clark
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Julia Fedo
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Angelo Sementilli
- Department of Physiopathology, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos and Centro, Universitario Lusíada, Santos 11050-071, SP, Brazil
| | - Yara D. Fragoso
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Department of Post Graduate Studies, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos 11045-002, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter McCaffery
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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16
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Wang Q, Yan C, Fu Y, Wang Y, Jiang P, Ding Y, Liao H. Genome-Wide Identification of 14-3-3 gene family reveals their diverse responses to abiotic stress by interacting with StABI5 in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1090571. [PMID: 36699847 PMCID: PMC9868832 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 genes are widely present in plants and participate in a wide range of cellular and physiological processes. In the current study, twelve 14-3-3s were identified from potato genome. According to phylogenetic evolutionary analysis, potato 14-3-3s were divided into ϵ and non-ϵ groups. Conserved motif and gene structure analysis displayed a distinct class-specific divergence between the ϵ group and non-ϵ group. Multiple sequence alignments and three-dimensional structure analysis of 14-3-3 proteins indicated all the members contained nine conservative antiparallel α-helices. The majority of 14-3-3s had transcript accumulation in each detected potato tissue, implying their regulatory roles across all stages of potato growth and development. Numerous cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress response were identified in the promoter region of potato 14-3-3s, and the transcription levels of these genes fluctuated to different degrees under exogenous ABA, salt and drought stress, indicating that potato 14-3-3s may be involved in different hormone signaling pathways and abiotic stress responses. In addition, eight potato 14-3-3s were shown to interact with StABI5, which further demonstrated that potato 14-3-3s were involved in the ABA-dependent signaling pathway. This study provides a reference for the identification of the 14-3-3 gene family in other plants, and provides important clues for cloning potential candidates in response to abiotic stresses in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm innovation and Utilization, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Chongchong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm innovation and Utilization, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yuying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm innovation and Utilization, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yinyuan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm innovation and Utilization, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Huajun Liao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Germplasm innovation and Utilization, Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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17
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Obsilova V, Obsil T. Structural insights into the functional roles of 14-3-3 proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1016071. [PMID: 36188227 PMCID: PMC9523730 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1016071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction cascades efficiently transmit chemical and/or physical signals from the extracellular environment to intracellular compartments, thereby eliciting an appropriate cellular response. Most often, these signaling processes are mediated by specific protein-protein interactions involving hundreds of different receptors, enzymes, transcription factors, and signaling, adaptor and scaffolding proteins. Among them, 14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved scaffolding molecules expressed in all eukaryotes, where they modulate the function of other proteins, primarily in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Through these binding interactions, 14-3-3 proteins participate in key cellular processes, such as cell-cycle control, apoptosis, signal transduction, energy metabolism, and protein trafficking. To date, several hundreds of 14-3-3 binding partners have been identified, including protein kinases, phosphatases, receptors and transcription factors, which have been implicated in the onset of various diseases. As such, 14-3-3 proteins are promising targets for pharmaceutical interventions. However, despite intensive research into their protein-protein interactions, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms whereby 14-3-3 proteins regulate the functions of their binding partners remains insufficient. This review article provides an overview of the current state of the art of the molecular mechanisms whereby 14-3-3 proteins regulate their binding partners, focusing on recent structural studies of 14-3-3 protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Obsilova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Veronika Obsilova, ; Tomas Obsil,
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Veronika Obsilova, ; Tomas Obsil,
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18
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Crystallographic mining of ASK1 regulators to unravel the intricate PPI interfaces for the discovery of small molecule. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3734-3754. [PMID: 35891784 PMCID: PMC9294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein seldom performs biological activities in isolation. Understanding the protein–protein interactions’ physical rewiring in response to pathological conditions or pathogen infection can help advance our comprehension of disease etiology, progression, and pathogenesis, which allow us to explore the alternate route to control the regulation of key target interactions, timely and effectively. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is now a global public health problem exacerbated due to the lack of appropriate treatments. The most advanced anti-NASH lead compound (selonsertib) is withdrawn, though it is able to inhibit its target Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) completely, indicating the necessity to explore alternate routes rather than complete inhibition. Understanding the interaction fingerprints of endogenous regulators at the molecular level that underpin disease formation and progression may spur the rationale of designing therapeutic strategies. Based on our analysis and thorough literature survey of the various key regulators and PTMs, the current review emphasizes PPI-based drug discovery’s relevance for NASH conditions. The lack of structural detail (interface sites) of ASK1 and its regulators makes it challenging to characterize the PPI interfaces. This review summarizes key regulators interaction fingerprinting of ASK1, which can be explored further to restore the homeostasis from its hyperactive states for therapeutics intervention against NASH.
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Key Words
- ASK1
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- CFLAR, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator
- CREG, Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes
- DKK3, Dickkopf-related protein 3
- Interaction fingerprint
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PTM, Post-trancriptional modification
- PTMs
- Protein-protein interaction
- TNFAIP3, TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3
- TRAF2/6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor2/6
- TRIM48, Tripartite Motif Containing 48
- TRX, Thioredoxin
- USP9X, Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked
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19
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Sluchanko NN. Recent advances in structural studies of 14-3-3 protein complexes. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2022; 130:289-324. [PMID: 35534110 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Being phosphopeptide-binding hubs, 14-3-3 proteins coordinate multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes, including the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, ion channels trafficking, transcription, signal transduction, and hormone biosynthesis. Forming constitutive α-helical dimers, 14-3-3 proteins predominantly recognize specifically phosphorylated Ser/Thr sites within their partners; this generally stabilizes phosphotarget conformation and affects its activity, intracellular distribution, dephosphorylation, degradation and interactions with other proteins. Not surprisingly, 14-3-3 complexes are involved in the development of a range of diseases and are considered promising drug targets. The wide interactome of 14-3-3 proteins encompasses hundreds of different phosphoproteins, for many of which the interaction is well-documented in vitro and in vivo but lack the structural data that would help better understand underlying regulatory mechanisms and develop new drugs. Despite obtaining structural information on 14-3-3 complexes is still lagging behind the research of 14-3-3 interactions on a proteome-wide scale, recent works provided some advances, including methodological improvements and accumulation of new interesting structural data, that are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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20
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Liang S, Zhao Q, Ye Y, Zhu S, Dong H, Yu Y, Huang B, Han H. Characteristics analyses of Eimeria tenella 14-3-3 protein and verification of its interaction with calcium-dependent protein kinase 4. Eur J Protistol 2022; 85:125895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Huang Y, Wang W, Yu H, Peng J, Hu Z, Chen L. The role of 14-3-3 proteins in plant growth and response to abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:833-852. [PMID: 34773487 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins widely exist in almost all plant species. They specifically recognize and interact with phosphorylated target proteins, including protein kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors and functional proteins, offering an array of opportunities for 14-3-3s to participate in the signal transduction processes. 14-3-3s are multigene families and can form homo- and heterodimers, which confer functional specificity of 14-3-3 proteins. They are widely involved in regulating biochemical and cellular processes and plant growth and development, including cell elongation and division, seed germination, vegetative and reproductive growth, and seed dormancy. They mediate plant response to environmental stresses such as salt, alkaline, osmotic, drought, cold and other abiotic stresses, partially via hormone-related signalling pathways. Although many studies have reviewed the function of 14-3-3 proteins, recent research on plant 14-3-3s has achieved significant advances. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental properties of 14-3-3 proteins and systematically summarize and dissect the emerging advances in understanding the roles of 14-3-3s in plant growth and development and abiotic stress responses. Some ambiguous questions about the roles of 14-3-3s under environmental stresses are reviewed. Interesting questions related to plant 14-3-3 functions that remain to be elucidated are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenshu Wang
- Institute of Crop Science of Wuhan Academy of Agriculture Science, Wuhan, 430345, China
| | - Hua Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junhua Peng
- Huazhi Biotech Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Zhengrong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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22
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Abstract
The 14-3-3 family proteins are vital scaffold proteins that ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. They interact with numerous protein targets and mediate many cellular signaling pathways. The 14-3-3 binding motifs are often embedded in intrinsically disordered regions which are closely associated with liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). In the past ten years, LLPS has been observed for a variety of proteins and biological processes, indicating that LLPS plays a fundamental role in the formation of membraneless organelles and cellular condensates. While extensive investigations have been performed on 14-3-3 proteins, its involvement in LLPS is overlooked. To date, 14-3-3 proteins have not been reported to undergo LLPS alone or regulate LLPS of their binding partners. To reveal the potential involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in LLPS, in this review, we summarized the LLPS propensity of 14-3-3 binding partners and found that about one half of them may undergo LLPS spontaneously. We further analyzed the phase separation behavior of representative 14-3-3 binders and discussed how 14-3-3 proteins may be involved. By modulating the conformation and valence of interactions and recruiting other molecules, we speculate that 14-3-3 proteins can efficiently regulate the functions of their targets in the context of LLPS. Considering the critical roles of 14-3-3 proteins, there is an urgent need for investigating the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in the phase separation process of their targets and the underling mechanisms.
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23
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Loh D, Reiter RJ. Melatonin: Regulation of Biomolecular Condensates in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1483. [PMID: 34573116 PMCID: PMC8465482 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates are membraneless organelles (MLOs) that form dynamic, chemically distinct subcellular compartments organizing macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA in unicellular prokaryotic bacteria and complex eukaryotic cells. Separated from surrounding environments, MLOs in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and mitochondria assemble by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) into transient, non-static, liquid-like droplets that regulate essential molecular functions. LLPS is primarily controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that fine-tune the balance between attractive and repulsive charge states and/or binding motifs of proteins. Aberrant phase separation due to dysregulated membrane lipid rafts and/or PTMs, as well as the absence of adequate hydrotropic small molecules such as ATP, or the presence of specific RNA proteins can cause pathological protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders. Melatonin may exert a dominant influence over phase separation in biomolecular condensates by optimizing membrane and MLO interdependent reactions through stabilizing lipid raft domains, reducing line tension, and maintaining negative membrane curvature and fluidity. As a potent antioxidant, melatonin protects cardiolipin and other membrane lipids from peroxidation cascades, supporting protein trafficking, signaling, ion channel activities, and ATPase functionality during condensate coacervation or dissolution. Melatonin may even control condensate LLPS through PTM and balance mRNA- and RNA-binding protein composition by regulating N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications. There is currently a lack of pharmaceuticals targeting neurodegenerative disorders via the regulation of phase separation. The potential of melatonin in the modulation of biomolecular condensate in the attenuation of aberrant condensate aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Loh
- Independent Researcher, Marble Falls, TX 78654, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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24
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Mannino G, Pernici C, Serio G, Gentile C, Bertea CM. Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189996. [PMID: 34576159 PMCID: PMC8469784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration of exogenous melatonin on animals or plants via the intake of dietary supplements or the application of biostimulant formulation have been largely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Pernici
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Graziella Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
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25
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Künzel N, Helms V. How phosphorylation of peptides affects their interaction with 14-3-3η domains. Proteins 2021; 90:351-362. [PMID: 34462973 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Members of the 14-3-3 domain family have important functions as adapter domains. Via an amphipathic groove on their protein surface they typically bind to disordered C-terminals of other proteins. Importantly, binding partners of 14-3-3 domains usually contain a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue at their binding interface and possess one of three different sequence motifs. Binding of the respective unphosphorylated versions of the peptides is typically strongly disfavored. There is a wealth of structural and thermodynamic data available for the phosphorylated forms but not for the unphosphorylated forms as the binding affinities seem to be too weak to be measurable experimentally. Here, we characterized the mechanistic details that govern the preference for the binding of phosphorylated peptides to 14-3-3η domains by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that the phosphate group is ideally coordinated in the binding pocket whereas the respective unphosphorylated side-chain counterpart is not. Thus, the binding preference results from the tight coordination of the phosphorylated residue at the center of the binding interface. Furthermore, MD simulations of 14-3-3η dimers showed a preference for the simultaneous binding of two phosphorylated peptides in agreement with their experimentally observed cooperativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Künzel
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Postfach 15 11 50, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volkhard Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland Informatics Campus, Saarland University, Postfach 15 11 50, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
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26
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Horvath M, Petrvalska O, Herman P, Obsilova V, Obsil T. 14-3-3 proteins inactivate DAPK2 by promoting its dimerization and protecting key regulatory phosphosites. Commun Biol 2021; 4:986. [PMID: 34413451 PMCID: PMC8376927 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02518-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) is a CaM-regulated Ser/Thr protein kinase, involved in apoptosis, autophagy, granulocyte differentiation and motility regulation, whose activity is controlled by autoinhibition, autophosphorylation, dimerization and interaction with scaffolding proteins 14-3-3. However, the structural basis of 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 regulation remains unclear. Here, we structurally and biochemically characterize the full-length human DAPK2:14-3-3 complex by combining several biophysical techniques. The results from our X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that Thr369 phosphorylation at the DAPK2 C terminus creates a high-affinity canonical mode III 14-3-3-binding motif, further enhanced by the diterpene glycoside Fusicoccin A. Moreover, concentration-dependent DAPK2 dimerization is disrupted by Ca2+/CaM binding and stabilized by 14-3-3 binding in solution, thereby protecting the DAPK2 inhibitory autophosphorylation site Ser318 against dephosphorylation and preventing Ca2+/CaM binding. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 inhibition and highlight the potential of the DAPK2:14-3-3 complex as a target for anti‐inflammatory therapies. Horvath et al. structurally and biochemically characterize the full-length human DAPK2-14-3-3 complex to investigate the effects of binding to DAPK2 on its dimerization, activation by dephosphorylation of Ser318, and Ca2+/calmodulin binding. Their results provide mechanistic insights into 14- 3-3-mediated DAPK2 inhibition and highlight the potential of the DAPK2:14-3-3 complex as a target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Horvath
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Olivia Petrvalska
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Herman
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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27
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Lépinay J, Taragnat C, Dubois JP, Chesneau D, Jockers R, Delagrange P, Bozon V. Negative regulation of melatonin secretion by melatonin receptors in ovine pinealocytes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255249. [PMID: 34324562 PMCID: PMC8320996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) is a biological modulator of circadian and seasonal rhythms and reproduction. The photoperiodic information is detected by retinal photoreceptors and transmitted through nerve transmissions to the pineal gland, where MLT is synthesized and secreted at night into the blood. MLT interacts with two G protein-coupled receptors, MT1 and MT2. The aim of our work was to provide evidence for the presence of MLT receptors in the ovine pineal gland and define their involvement on melatonin secretion. For the first time, we identified the expression of MLT receptors with the specific 2-[125I]-MLT agonistic radioligand in ovin pinealocytes. The values of Kd and Bmax are 2.24 ± 1.1 nM and 20 ± 6.8 fmol/mg. MLT receptors are functional and inhibit cAMP production and activate ERK1/2 through pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o proteins. The MLT receptor antagonist/ inverse agonist luzindole increased cAMP production (189 ± 30%) and MLT secretion (866 ± 13%). The effect of luzindole on MLT secretion was additive with the effect of well-described activators of this pathway such as the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. Co-incubation of all three compounds increased MLT secretion by 1236 ± 199%. These results suggest that MLT receptors are involved in the negative regulation of the synthesis of its own ligand in pinealocytes. While adrenergic receptors promote MLT secretion, MLT receptors mitigate this effect to limit the quantity of MLT secreted by the pineal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lépinay
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Taragnat
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Dubois
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Didier Chesneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Bozon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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28
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Gogl G, Tugaeva KV, Eberling P, Kostmann C, Trave G, Sluchanko NN. Hierarchized phosphotarget binding by the seven human 14-3-3 isoforms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1677. [PMID: 33723253 PMCID: PMC7961048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The seven 14-3-3 isoforms are highly abundant human proteins encoded by similar yet distinct genes. 14-3-3 proteins recognize phosphorylated motifs within numerous human and viral proteins. Here, we analyze by X-ray crystallography, fluorescence polarization, mutagenesis and fusicoccin-mediated modulation the structural basis and druggability of 14-3-3 binding to four E6 oncoproteins of tumorigenic human papillomaviruses. 14-3-3 isoforms bind variant and mutated phospho-motifs of E6 and unrelated protein RSK1 with different affinities, albeit following an ordered affinity ranking with conserved relative KD ratios. Remarkably, 14-3-3 isoforms obey the same hierarchy when binding to most of their established targets, as supported by literature and a recent human complexome map. This knowledge allows predicting proportions of 14-3-3 isoforms engaged with phosphoproteins in various tissues. Notwithstanding their individual functions, cellular concentrations of 14-3-3 may be collectively adjusted to buffer the strongest phosphorylation outbursts, explaining their expression variations in different tissues and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergo Gogl
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pascal Eberling
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Camille Kostmann
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Gilles Trave
- Equipe Labellisee Ligue 2015, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM U1258/CNRS UMR 7104/Universite de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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29
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Hayakawa Y. N-acetyltyrosine-induced redox signaling in hormesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118990. [PMID: 33617888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A suite of adaptations allows insects to survive in hostile terrestrial environments for long periods of time. Temperature represents a key environmental factor for most ectothermic insects, and they rapidly acclimate to high and low temperatures. Vast amounts of data in this research field support the idea that an insect's ability to tolerate fluctuating temperatures can be regarded as a biphasic hormetic dose response. Observation indicates that their thermal hormetic response represents a conservative estimate of their intrinsic capacity for rapid adaptation to environmental changes in nature because they naturally experience diel or seasonal temperature fluctuations. It is therefore reasonable to suppose that the hormetic response in insects reflects a surplus physiological capacity to deal with temperature changes that they would experience naturally. Although it has been unknown how thermal acclimation is induced, a stress-dependent increase in N-acetyltyrosine (NAT) was recently found to occur in insect larvae who had endured high temperatures. NAT treatment was demonstrated to induce thermotolerance in several tested insect species. NAT was also identified in the serum of humans as well as mice, and its concentration in mice was shown to be increased by heat and restraint stress, with NAT pretreatment lowering the concentrations of corticosterone and peroxidized lipids in stressed mice. These recent findings may give us some hints about how long a hormetic response lasts. Here, I will discuss recent findings underlying hormetic responses induced by an intrinsic factor, NAT, and how the hormetic response may begin and end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Hayakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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30
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Molecular Analysis of 14-3-3 Genes in Citrus sinensis and Their Responses to Different Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020568. [PMID: 33430069 PMCID: PMC7826509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins (14-3-3s) are among the most important phosphorylated molecules playing crucial roles in regulating plant development and defense responses to environmental constraints. No report thus far has documented the gene family of 14-3-3s in Citrus sinensis and their roles in response to stresses. In this study, nine 14-3-3 genes, designated as CitGF14s (CitGF14a through CitGF14i) were identified from the latest C. sinensis genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified them into ε-like and non-ε groups, which were supported by gene structure analysis. The nine CitGF14s were located on five chromosomes, and none had duplication. Publicly available RNA-Seq raw data and microarray databases were mined for 14-3-3 expression profiles in different organs of citrus and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. RT-qPCR was used for further examining spatial expression patterns of CitGF14s in citrus and their temporal expressions in one-year-old C. sinensis “Xuegan” plants after being exposed to different biotic and abiotic stresses. The nine CitGF14s were expressed in eight different organs with some isoforms displayed tissue-specific expression patterns. Six of the CitGF14s positively responded to citrus canker infection (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri). The CitGF14s showed expressional divergence after phytohormone application and abiotic stress treatments, suggesting that 14-3-3 proteins are ubiquitous regulators in C. sinensis. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, CitGF14a, b, c, d, g, and h were found to interact with CitGF14i proteins to form a heterodimer, while CitGF14i interacted with itself to form a homodimer. Further analysis of CitGF14s co-expression and potential interactors established a 14-3-3s protein interaction network. The established network identified 14-3-3 genes and several candidate clients which may play an important role in developmental regulation and stress responses in this important fruit crop. This is the first study of 14-3-3s in citrus, and the established network may help further investigation of the roles of 14-3-3s in response to abiotic and biotic constraints.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ohkanda
- Academic Assembly, Institute of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minami-Minowa, Kami-Ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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32
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Lentini Santo D, Petrvalska O, Obsilova V, Ottmann C, Obsil T. Stabilization of Protein-Protein Interactions between CaMKK2 and 14-3-3 by Fusicoccins. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3060-3071. [PMID: 33146997 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) regulates several key physiological and pathophysiological processes, and its dysregulation has been implicated in obesity, diabetes, and cancer. CaMKK2 is inhibited through phosphorylation in a process involving binding to the scaffolding 14-3-3 protein, which maintains CaMKK2 in the phosphorylation-mediated inhibited state. The previously reported structure of the N-terminal CaMKK2 14-3-3-binding motif bound to 14-3-3 suggested that the interaction between 14-3-3 and CaMKK2 could be stabilized by small-molecule compounds. Thus, we investigated the stabilization of interactions between CaMKK2 and 14-3-3γ by Fusicoccin A and other fusicoccanes-diterpene glycosides that bind at the interface between the 14-3-3 ligand binding groove and the 14-3-3 binding motif of the client protein. Our data reveal that two of five tested fusicoccanes considerably increase the binding of phosphopeptide representing the 14-3-3 binding motif of CaMKK2 to 14-3-3γ. Crystal structures of two ternary complexes suggest that the steric contacts between the C-terminal part of the CaMKK2 14-3-3 binding motif and the adjacent fusicoccane molecule are responsible for differences in stabilization potency between the study compounds. Moreover, our data also show that fusicoccanes enhance the binding affinity of phosphorylated full-length CaMKK2 to 14-3-3γ, which in turn slows down CaMKK2 dephosphorylation, thus keeping this protein in its phosphorylation-mediated inhibited state. Therefore, targeting the fusicoccin binding cavity of 14-3-3 by small-molecule compounds may offer an alternative strategy to suppress CaMKK2 activity by stabilizing its phosphorylation-mediated inhibited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lentini Santo
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olivia Petrvalska
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
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33
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Chang E, Fu C, Coon SL, Alon S, Bozinoski M, Breymaier M, Bustos DM, Clokie SJ, Gothilf Y, Esnault C, Michael Iuvone P, Mason CE, Ochocinska MJ, Tovin A, Wang C, Xu P, Zhu J, Dale R, Klein DC. Resource: A multi-species multi-timepoint transcriptome database and webpage for the pineal gland and retina. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12673. [PMID: 32533862 PMCID: PMC7513311 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The website and database https://snengs.nichd.nih.gov provides RNA sequencing data from multi-species analysis of the pineal glands from zebrafish (Danio rerio), chicken (White Leghorn), rat (Rattus novegicus), mouse (Mus musculus), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and human (Homo sapiens); in most cases, retinal data are also included along with results of the analysis of a mixture of RNA from tissues. Studies cover day and night conditions; in addition, a time series over multiple hours, a developmental time series and pharmacological experiments on rats are included. The data have been uniformly re-processed using the latest methods and assemblies to allow for comparisons between experiments and to reduce processing differences. The website presents search functionality, graphical representations, Excel tables, and track hubs of all data for detailed visualization in the UCSC Genome Browser. As more data are collected from investigators and improved genomes become available in the future, the website will be updated. This database is in the public domain and elements can be reproduced by citing the URL and this report. This effort makes the results of 21st century transcriptome profiling widely available in a user-friendly format that is expected to broadly influence pineal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chang
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming CoreEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Cong Fu
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of EducationThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational ChemistryInstitute of Theoretical ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchunChina
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human DiseasesChangchunChina
| | - Steven L. Coon
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Molecular Genomics CoreOffice of the Scientific DirectorEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Shahar Alon
- Department of NeurobiologyThe George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Present address:
The Alexander Kofkin Faculty of EngineeringBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Marjan Bozinoski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Matthew Breymaier
- Computer Support Services CoreEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Diego M. Bustos
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
Instituto de Histología y Embriología de MendozaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasMendozaArgentina
| | - Samuel J. Clokie
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
West Midlands Regional Genetics LaboratoriesBirmingham, Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- Department of NeurobiologyThe George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Caroline Esnault
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming CoreEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - P. Michael Iuvone
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Pharmacology & Chemical BiologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Christopher E. Mason
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational BiomedicineWeill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Margaret J. Ochocinska
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Present address:
National Heart, Lung and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Adi Tovin
- Department of NeurobiologyThe George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Present address:
The Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for GenomicsSchool of MedicineLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Pinxian Xu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesMount Sinai School of Medicine Icahn Medical InstituteNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jinhang Zhu
- United States Food and Drug Administration’s National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug AdministrationJeffersonARUSA
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Ryan Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming CoreEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - David C. Klein
- Section on NeuroendocrinologyProgram in Developmental Endocrinology and GeneticsEunice Shriver Kennedy National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
- Office of the Scientific DirectorEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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34
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Tan DX, Reiter RJ. An evolutionary view of melatonin synthesis and metabolism related to its biological functions in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4677-4689. [PMID: 32413108 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant melatonin research is a rapidly developing field. A variety of isoforms of melatonin's biosynthetic enzymes are present in different plants. Due to the different origins, they exhibit independent responses to the variable environmental stimuli. The locations for melatonin biosynthesis in plants are chloroplasts and mitochondria. These organelles have inherited their melatonin biosynthetic capacities from their bacterial ancestors. Under ideal conditions, chloroplasts are the main sites of melatonin biosynthesis. If the chloroplast pathway is blocked for any reason, the mitochondrial pathway will be activated for melatonin biosynthesis to maintain its production. Melatonin metabolism in plants is a less studied field; its metabolism is quite different from that of animals even though they share similar metabolites. Several new enzymes for melatonin metabolism in plants have been cloned and these enzymes are absent in animals. It seems that the 2-hydroxymelatonin is a major metabolite of melatonin in plants and its level is ~400-fold higher than that of melatonin. In the current article, from an evolutionary point of view, we update the information on plant melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism. This review will help the reader to understand the complexity of these processes and promote research enthusiasm in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell System, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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35
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Edwards MR, Hoad M, Tsimbalyuk S, Menicucci AR, Messaoudi I, Forwood JK, Basler CF. Henipavirus W Proteins Interact with 14-3-3 To Modulate Host Gene Expression. J Virol 2020; 94:e00373-20. [PMID: 32321809 PMCID: PMC7343215 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00373-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), members of the Henipavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family, are recently emerged, highly lethal zoonotic pathogens. The NiV and HeV nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA genomes encode nine proteins, including the W protein. Expressed from the P gene through mRNA editing, W shares a common N-terminus with P and V but has a unique C-terminus. Expressed alone, W modulates innate immune responses by several mechanisms, and elimination of W from NiV alters the course of infection in experimentally infected ferrets. However, the specific host interactions that allow W to modulate innate immunity are incompletely understood. This study demonstrates that the NiV and HeV W proteins interact with all seven isoforms of the 14-3-3 family, regulatory molecules that preferentially bind phosphorylated target proteins to regulate a wide range of cellular functions. The interaction is dependent on the penultimate amino acid residue in the W sequence, a conserved, phosphorylated serine. The cocrystal structure of the W C-terminal binding motif with 14-3-3 provides only the second structure of a complex containing a mode III interactor, which is defined as a 14-3-3 interaction with a phosphoserine/phosphothreonine at the C-termini of the target protein. Transcriptomic analysis of inducible cell lines infected with an RNA virus and expressing either wild-type W or W lacking 14-3-3 binding, identifies new functions for W. These include the regulation of cellular metabolic processes, extracellular matrix organization, and apoptosis.IMPORTANCE Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV), members of the Henipavirus genus, are recently emerged, highly lethal zoonotic pathogens that cause yearly outbreaks. NiV and HeV each encode a W protein that has roles in regulating host signaling pathways, including antagonism of the innate immune response. However, the mechanisms used by W to regulate these host responses are not clear. Here, characterization of the interaction of NiV and HeV W with 14-3-3 identifies modulation of 14-3-3-regulated host signaling pathways not previously associated with W, suggesting new avenues of research. The cocrystal structure of the NiV W:14-3-3 complex, as only the second structure of a 14-3-3 mode III interactor, provides further insight into this less-well-understood 14-3-3 binding motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mikayla Hoad
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Sofiya Tsimbalyuk
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea R Menicucci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ilhem Messaoudi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Hartman AM, Elgaher WAM, Hertrich N, Andrei SA, Ottmann C, Hirsch AKH. Discovery of Small-Molecule Stabilizers of 14-3-3 Protein-Protein Interactions via Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1041-1046. [PMID: 32435423 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play an important role in numerous biological processes such as cell-cycle regulation and multiple diseases. The family of 14-3-3 proteins is an attractive target as they serve as binding partner to various proteins and are therefore capable of regulating their biological activities. Discovering small-molecule modulators, in particular stabilizers, of such complexes via traditional screening approaches is a challenging task. Herein, we pioneered the first application of dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) to a PPI target, to find modulators of 14-3-3 proteins. Evaluation of the amplified hits from the DCC experiments for their binding affinity via surface plasmon resonance (SPR), revealed that the low-micromolar (K D 15-16 μM) acylhydrazones are 14-3-3/synaptopodin PPI stabilizers. Thus, DCC appears to be ideally suited for the discovery of not only modulators but even the more elusive stabilizers of notoriously challenging PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwin M. Hartman
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) − Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Walid A. M. Elgaher
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) − Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nathalie Hertrich
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) − Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sebastian A. Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Essen, Germany
| | - Anna K. H. Hirsch
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) − Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Bosica F, Andrei SA, Neves JF, Brandt P, Gunnarsson A, Landrieu I, Ottmann C, O'Mahony G. Design of Drug-Like Protein-Protein Interaction Stabilizers Guided By Chelation-Controlled Bioactive Conformation Stabilization. Chemistry 2020; 26:7131-7139. [PMID: 32255539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of 14-3-3 proteins are a model system for studying PPI stabilization. The complex natural product Fusicoccin A stabilizes many 14-3-3 PPIs but is not amenable for use in SAR studies, motivating the search for more drug-like chemical matter. However, drug-like 14-3-3 PPI stabilizers enabling such studies have remained elusive. An X-ray crystal structure of a PPI in complex with an extremely low potency stabilizer uncovered an unexpected non-protein interacting, ligand-chelated Mg2+ leading to the discovery of metal-ion-dependent 14-3-3 PPI stabilization potency. This originates from a novel chelation-controlled bioactive conformation stabilization effect. Metal chelation has been associated with pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) and frequent hitter behavior, but chelation can evidently also lead to true potency gains and find use as a medicinal chemistry strategy to guide compound optimization. To demonstrate this, we exploited the effect to design the first potent, selective, and drug-like 14-3-3 PPI stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bosica
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical, Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical, Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - João Filipe Neves
- ERL9002 Integrative Structural Biology, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,U1167 RID-AGE Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Peter Brandt
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- ERL9002 Integrative Structural Biology, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,U1167 RID-AGE Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical, Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Gavin O'Mahony
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
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Lv Y, Li Y, Li J, Bian C, Qin C, Shi Q. A Comparative Genomics Study on the Molecular Evolution of Serotonin/Melatonin Biosynthesizing Enzymes in Vertebrates. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:11. [PMID: 32118037 PMCID: PMC7010912 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is important in vertebrates for its crucial roles in regulation of various physiological functions. Investigations on how the biosynthesizing enzymes mediate serotonin production and conversion during biological processes have been active in the past decades. However, a clear-cut picture of these enzymes in molecular evolution is very limited, particularly when the complexity is imaginable in fishes since teleosts had experienced additional whole genome duplication (WGD) event(s) than tetrapods. Since serotonin is the main intermediate product during melatonin biosynthesis from tryptophan, we therefore summarize an overview of recent discoveries about molecular evolution of the four melatonin biosynthesizing enzymes, especially the L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) for serotonin production and aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) for serotonin conversion in vertebrates. Novel copies of these genes, possibly due to WGD, were discovered in fishes. Detailed sequence comparisons revealed various variant sites in these newly identified genes, suggesting functional changes from the conventional recognition of these enzymes. These interesting advances will benefit readers to obtain new insights into related genomic differences between mammals and fishes, with an emphasis on the potential specificity for AANAT in naturally cave-restricted and deep-sea fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Life Sciences, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
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Tugaeva KV, Kalacheva DI, Cooley RB, Strelkov SV, Sluchanko NN. Concatenation of 14-3-3 with partner phosphoproteins as a tool to study their interaction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15007. [PMID: 31628352 PMCID: PMC6802120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50941-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory 14-3-3 proteins interact with a plethora of phosphorylated partner proteins, however 14-3-3 complexes feature intrinsically disordered regions and often a transient type of interactions making structural studies difficult. Here we engineer and examine a chimera of human 14-3-3 tethered to a nearly complete partner HSPB6 which is phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). HSPB6 includes a long disordered N-terminal domain (NTD), a phosphorylation motif around Ser16, and a core α-crystallin domain (ACD) responsible for dimerisation. The chosen design enables an unstrained binding of pSer16 in each 1433 subunit and secures the correct 2:2 stoichiometry. Differential scanning calorimetry, limited proteolysis and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) support the proper folding of both the 14-3-3 and ACD dimers within the chimera, and indicate that the chimera retains the overall architecture of the native complex of 14-3-3 and phosphorylated HSPB6 that has recently been resolved using crystallography. At the same time, the SAXS data highlight the weakness of the secondary interface between the ACD dimer and the C-terminal lobe of 14-3-3 observed in the crystal structure. Applied to other 14-3-3 complexes, the chimeric approach may help probe the stability and specificity of secondary interfaces for targeting them with small molecules in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V Tugaeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria I Kalacheva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Richard B Cooley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Sergei V Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, Moscow, Russia. .,Department of Biophysics, School of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
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40
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García-Roger EM, Lubzens E, Fontaneto D, Serra M. Facing Adversity: Dormant Embryos in Rotifers. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2019; 237:119-144. [PMID: 31714860 DOI: 10.1086/705701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in-depth look at the basic aspects of dormancy in cyclic parthenogenetic organisms is now possible thanks to research efforts conducted over the past two decades with rotifer dormant embryos. In this review, we assemble and compose the current knowledge on four central themes: (1) distribution of dormancy in animals, with an overview on the phylogenetic distribution of embryo dormancy in metazoans, and (2) physiological and cellular processes involved in dormancy, with a strong emphasis on the dormant embryos of cyclically parthenogenetic monogonont rotifers; and discussions of (3) the selective pressures and (4) the evolutionary and population implications of dormancy in these animals. Dormancy in metazoans is a widespread phenomenon with taxon-specific features, and rotifers are among the animals in which dormancy is an intrinsic feature of their life cycle. Our review shows that embryo dormancy in rotifers shares common functional pathways with other taxa at the molecular and cellular level, despite the independent evolution of dormancy across phyla. These pathways include the arrest of similar metabolic routes and the usage of common metabolites for the stabilization of cellular structures and to confer stress resistance. We conclude that specific features of recurrent harsh environmental conditions are a powerful selective pressure for the fine-tuning of dormancy patterns in rotifers. We hypothesize that similar mechanisms at the organism level will lead to similar adaptive consequences at the population level across taxa, among which the formation of egg banks, the coexistence of species, and the possibility of differentiation among populations and local adaptation stand out. Our review shows how studies of rotifers have contributed to improved knowledge of all of these aspects.
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41
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Fan X, Cui L, Zeng Y, Song W, Gaur U, Yang M. 14-3-3 Proteins Are on the Crossroads of Cancer, Aging, and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143518. [PMID: 31323761 PMCID: PMC6678932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory adaptor molecules which are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. These proteins participate in a variety of intracellular processes by recognizing specific phosphorylation motifs and interacting with hundreds of target proteins. Also, 14-3-3 proteins act as molecular chaperones, preventing the aggregation of unfolded proteins under conditions of cellular stress. Furthermore, 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to have similar expression patterns in tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we put forward the idea that the adaptor activity and chaperone-like activity of 14-3-3 proteins might play a substantial role in the above-mentioned conditions. Interestingly, 14-3-3 proteins are considered to be standing at the crossroads of cancer, aging, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. There are great possibilities to improve the above-mentioned diseases and conditions through intervention in the activity of the 14-3-3 protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lang Cui
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhao Song
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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42
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Alblova M, Smidova A, Kalabova D, Lentini Santo D, Obsil T, Obsilova VO. Allosteric activation of yeast enzyme neutral trehalase by calcium and 14-3-3 protein. Physiol Res 2019; 68:147-160. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutral trehalase 1 (Nth1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes disaccharide trehalose hydrolysis and helps yeast to survive adverse conditions, such as heat shock, starvation or oxidative stress. 14-3-3 proteins, master regulators of hundreds of partner proteins, participate in many key cellular processes. Nth1 is activated by phosphorylation followed by 14-3-3 protein (Bmh) binding. The activation mechanism is also potentiated by Ca(2+) binding within the EF-hand-like motif. This review summarizes the current knowledge about trehalases and the molecular and structural basis of Nth1 activation. The crystal structure of fully active Nth1 bound to 14-3-3 protein provided the first high-resolution view of a trehalase from a eukaryotic organism and showed 14-3-3 proteins as structural modulators and allosteric effectors of multi-domain binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alblova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Zhao D, Yu Y, Shen Y, Liu Q, Zhao Z, Sharma R, Reiter RJ. Melatonin Synthesis and Function: Evolutionary History in Animals and Plants. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:249. [PMID: 31057485 PMCID: PMC6481276 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an ancient molecule that can be traced back to the origin of life. Melatonin's initial function was likely that as a free radical scavenger. Melatonin presumably evolved in bacteria; it has been measured in both α-proteobacteria and in photosynthetic cyanobacteria. In early evolution, bacteria were phagocytosed by primitive eukaryotes for their nutrient value. According to the endosymbiotic theory, the ingested bacteria eventually developed a symbiotic association with their host eukaryotes. The ingested α-proteobacteria evolved into mitochondria while cyanobacteria became chloroplasts and both organelles retained their ability to produce melatonin. Since these organelles have persisted to the present day, all species that ever existed or currently exist may have or may continue to synthesize melatonin in their mitochondria (animals and plants) and chloroplasts (plants) where it functions as an antioxidant. Melatonin's other functions, including its multiple receptors, developed later in evolution. In present day animals, via receptor-mediated means, melatonin functions in the regulation of sleep, modulation of circadian rhythms, enhancement of immunity, as a multifunctional oncostatic agent, etc., while retaining its ability to reduce oxidative stress by processes that are, in part, receptor-independent. In plants, melatonin continues to function in reducing oxidative stress as well as in promoting seed germination and growth, improving stress resistance, stimulating the immune system and modulating circadian rhythms; a single melatonin receptor has been identified in land plants where it controls stomatal closure on leaves. The melatonin synthetic pathway varies somewhat between plants and animals. The amino acid, tryptophan, is the necessary precursor of melatonin in all taxa. In animals, tryptophan is initially hydroxylated to 5-hydroxytryptophan which is then decarboxylated with the formation of serotonin. Serotonin is either acetylated to N-acetylserotonin or it is methylated to form 5-methoxytryptamine; these products are either methylated or acetylated, respectively, to produce melatonin. In plants, tryptophan is first decarboxylated to tryptamine which is then hydroxylated to form serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease and Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yong Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health), San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UT Health), San Antonio, TX, United States
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Sluchanko NN, Bustos DM. Intrinsic disorder associated with 14-3-3 proteins and their partners. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 166:19-61. [PMID: 31521232 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate a variety of cellular processes and form complex networks, where connectivity is achieved owing to the "hub" proteins whose interaction with multiple protein partners is facilitated by the intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) and posttranslational modifications (PTMs). Universal regulatory proteins of the eukaryotic 14-3-3 family nicely exemplify these concepts and are the focus of this chapter. The extremely wide interactome of 14-3-3 proteins is characterized by high levels of intrinsic disorder (ID) enabling protein phosphorylation and consequent specific binding to the well-structured 14-3-3 dimers, one of the first phosphoserine/phosphothreonine binding modules discovered. However, high ID enrichment also challenges structural studies, thereby limiting the progress in the development of small molecule modulators of the key 14-3-3 PPIs of increased medical importance. Besides the well-known structural flexibility of their variable C-terminal tails, recent studies revealed the strong and conserved ID propensity hidden in the N-terminal segment of 14-3-3 proteins (~40 residues), normally forming the α-helical dimerization region, that may have a potential role for the dimer/monomer dynamics and recently reported moonlighting chaperone-like activity of these proteins. We review the role of ID in the 14-3-3 structure, their interactome, and also in selected 14-3-3 complexes. In addition, we discuss approaches that, in the future, may help minimize the disproportion between the large amount of known 14-3-3 partners and the small number of 14-3-3 complexes characterized with atomic precision, to unleash the whole potential of 14-3-3 PPIs as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N Sluchanko
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Diego M Bustos
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CC56, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
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45
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Lu YC, Wang P, Wu QG, Zhang RK, Kong A, Li YF, Lee SC. Hsp74/14-3-3σ Complex Mediates Centrosome Amplification by High Glucose, Insulin, and Palmitic Acid. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800197. [PMID: 30688006 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported recently that type 2 diabetes promotes centrosome amplification via 14-3-3σ/ROCK1 complex. In the present study, 14-3-3σ interacting proteins are characterized and their roles in the centrosome amplification by high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid are investigated. Co-immunoprecipitation in combination with MS analysis identified 134 proteins that interact with 14-3-3σ, which include heat shock 70 kDa protein 4 (Hsp74). Gene ontology analyses reveal that many of them are enriched in binding activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis shows that the top three enriched pathways are ribosome, carbon metabolism, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Molecular and functional investigations show that the high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid increase the expression and binding of 14-3-3σ and Hsp74 as well as centrosome amplification, all of which are inhibited by knockdown of 14-3-3σ or Hsp74. Moreover, molecular docking analysis shows that the interaction between the 14-3-3σ and the Hsp74 is mainly through hydrophobic contacts and a lesser degree ionic interactions and hydrogen bond by different amino acids residues. In conclusion, the results suggest that the experimental treatment triggers centrosome amplification via upregulations of expression and binding of 14-3-3σ and Hsp74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.,Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, P. R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gui Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Rui Kai Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Alice Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fei Li
- Department of Oncology, First Clinical Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221010, P. R. China
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Galván I, Solano F, Zougagh M, de Andrés F, Murtada K, Ríos Á, de la Peña E, Carranza J. Unprecedented high catecholamine production causing hair pigmentation after urinary excretion in red deer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:397-404. [PMID: 30413834 PMCID: PMC11105493 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hormones have not been found in concentrations of orders of magnitude higher than nanograms per milliliter. Here, we report urine concentrations of a catecholamine (norepinephrine) ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 g/l, and concentrations of its metabolite DL-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl glycol (DOPEG) ranging from 1.0 to 44.5 g/l, in wild male red deer Cervus elaphus hispanicus after LC-MS analyses. The dark ventral patch of male red deer, a recently described sexually selected signal, contains high amounts of DOPEG (0.9-266.9 mg/l) stuck in the hairs, while DOPEG is not present in non-darkened hair. The formation of this dark patch is explained by the chemical structure of DOPEG, which is a catecholamine-derived o-diphenol susceptible to be oxidized by air and form allomelanins, nitrogen-free pigments similar to cutaneous melanins; by its high concentration in urine; and by the urine spraying behavior of red deer by which urine is spread through the ventral body area. Accordingly, the size of the dark ventral patch was positively correlated with the concentration of DOPEG in urine, which was in turn correlated with DOPEG absorbed in ventral hair. These findings represent catecholamine concentrations about one million higher than those previously reported for any hormone in an organism. This may have favored the evolution of the dark ventral patch of red deer by transferring information on the fighting capacity to rivals and mates. Physiological limits for hormone production in animals are thus considerably higher than previously thought. These results also unveil a novel mechanism of pigmentation based on the self-application of urine over the fur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Galván
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Américo Vespucio 26, 41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Francisco Solano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Fernando de Andrés
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Khaled Murtada
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Eva de la Peña
- Ungulate Research Unit, Cátedra de Recursos Cinegéticos y Piscícolas (CRCP), University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Carranza
- Ungulate Research Unit, Cátedra de Recursos Cinegéticos y Piscícolas (CRCP), University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
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Dubrow Z, Sunitha S, Kim JG, Aakre CD, Girija AM, Sobol G, Teper D, Chen YC, Ozbaki-Yagan N, Vance H, Sessa G, Mudgett MB. Tomato 14-3-3 Proteins Are Required for Xv3 Disease Resistance and Interact with a Subset of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria Effectors. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1301-1311. [PMID: 29947282 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-18-0048-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 phospho-binding proteins with scaffolding activity play central roles in the regulation of enzymes and signaling complexes in eukaryotes. In plants, 14-3-3 isoforms are required for disease resistance and key targets of pathogen effectors. Here, we examined the requirement of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) 14-3-3 isoform (TFT) protein family for Xv3 disease resistance in response to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. In addition, we determined whether TFT proteins interact with the repertoire of X. euvesicatoria type III secretion effector proteins, including AvrXv3, the elicitor of Xv3 resistance. We show that multiple TFT contribute to Xv3 resistance. We also show that one or more TFT proteins physically interact with multiple effectors (AvrXv3, XopE1, XopE2, XopN, XopO, XopQ, and XopAU). Genetic analyses indicate that none of the identified effectors interfere with AvrXv3-elicited resistance into Xv3 tomato leaves; however, XopE1, XopE2, and XopO are required to suppress symptom development in susceptible tomato leaves. Phospho-peptide mapping revealed that XopE2 is phosphorylated at multiple residues in planta and residues T66, T131, and S334 are required for maximal binding to TFT10. Together, our data support the hypothesis that multiple TFT proteins are involved in immune signaling during X. euvesicatoria infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Dubrow
- 1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, U.S.A.; and
| | - Sukumaran Sunitha
- 2 School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jung-Gun Kim
- 1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, U.S.A.; and
| | - Chris D Aakre
- 1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, U.S.A.; and
| | | | - Guy Sobol
- 2 School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Teper
- 2 School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yun Chu Chen
- 1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, U.S.A.; and
| | - Nejla Ozbaki-Yagan
- 1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, U.S.A.; and
| | - Hillary Vance
- 1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, U.S.A.; and
| | - Guido Sessa
- 2 School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mary Beth Mudgett
- 1 Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, U.S.A.; and
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Quintela T, Gonçalves I, Silva M, Duarte AC, Guedes P, Andrade K, Freitas F, Talhada D, Albuquerque T, Tavares S, Passarinha LA, Cipolla-Neto J, Santos CRA. Choroid plexus is an additional source of melatonin in the brain. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12528. [PMID: 30260503 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid melatonin is released from the pineal gland, directly into the third ventricle, or produced de novo in the brain from extrapineal melatonin sources leading to a melatonin concentration gradient in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite the interest on this topic, the brain areas capable of producing melatonin are not yet clear. Bearing this in mind, we hypothesized that the choroid plexus (CP) could be one of these melatonin sources. We analyzed and confirmed the presence of the four enzymes required for melatonin synthesis in rat CP and demonstrated that arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase shows a circadian expression in female and male rat CP. Specifically, this enzyme colocalizes with mitochondria in rat CP epithelial cells, an organelle known to be involved in melatonin function and synthesis. Then, we demonstrated that melatonin is synthesized by porcine CP explants, although without a circadian pattern. In conclusion, our data show that the CP is a local source of melatonin to the central nervous system, probably contributing to its high levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We believe that in the CP, melatonin might be regulated by its endogenous clock machinery and by the hormonal background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marco Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana C Duarte
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes
- CENSE, DCEA, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Késsia Andrade
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Flávia Freitas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Daniela Talhada
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tânia Albuquerque
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sara Tavares
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luis A Passarinha
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Requimte, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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49
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Sagrillo-Fagundes L, Assunção Salustiano EM, Ruano R, Markus RP, Vaillancourt C. Melatonin modulates autophagy and inflammation protecting human placental trophoblast from hypoxia/reoxygenation. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12520. [PMID: 30091210 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been proposed as a possible treatment for the deleterious effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), such as autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Pathological pregnancies, such as preeclampsia, are associated with placental H/R, and decreased placental melatonin synthesis as well as lower melatonin levels in the placenta and maternal plasma. However, the effects of exogenous melatonin on inflammation and autophagy induced by pregnancy complications associated with H/R await investigation. This study aimed to determine as to whether melatonin protects human primary villous trophoblasts against H/R-induced autophagy, inflammation, and apoptosis. Human primary villous cytotrophoblasts were isolated and immunopurified from normal term placentas. These cells were then exposed or not to 1 mmol/L melatonin for 72 hour in normoxia (8% O2 ), thereby inducing differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast that was then exposed to H/R (0.5% O2 , for 4 hour) or normoxia. H/R decreased endogenous melatonin synthesis (by 68%) and interleukin (IL)-10 levels (by 72%), coupled to increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (by 114%), IL-6 (by 55%), and NFκB (by 399%), compared to normoxia. Melatonin treatment reversed the H/R effect, restoring IL-10, TNF, and IL-6 levels to those of the normoxia condition. Melatonin, as well as NFκB inhibition, enhanced autophagy activation, consequently increasing syncytiotrophoblast survival in H/R conditions. This study suggests that H/R, which is present in pregnancy complications, inhibits endogenous melatonin production, thereby contributing to reduced syncytiotrophoblast viability. Results indicate that exogenous melatonin treatment may afford protection against H/R-induced damage, thereby enhancing placental cell survival, and contributing to improved fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sagrillo-Fagundes
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and BioMed Research Centre, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Rodrigo Ruano
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Regina P Markus
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and BioMed Research Centre, Laval, Quebec, Canada
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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50
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Yamanaka Y, Yamada Y, Honma KI, Honma S. Cryptochrome deficiency enhances transcription but reduces protein levels of pineal Aanat. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:219-229. [PMID: 30328353 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochrome (Cry) 1 and 2 are essential for circadian rhythm generation, not only in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the site of the mammalian master circadian clock, but also in peripheral organs throughout the body. CRY is also known as a repressor of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (Aanat) transcription; therefore, Cry deficiency is expected to induce constantly high pineal melatonin content. Nevertheless, we previously found that the content was consistently low in melatonin-proficient Cry1 and Cry2 double-deficient mice (Cry1−/−/Cry2−/−) on C3H background. This study aims to clarify the mechanism underlying this discrepancy. In the Cry1−/−/Cry2−/− pineal, expression levels of Aanat and clock gene Per1 were consistently high with no circadian fluctuation on the first day in constant darkness, demonstrating that CRY acts in vivo as a repressor of the pineal circadian clock and AANAT. In contrast, the enzyme activity and protein levels of AANAT remained low throughout the day, supporting our previous observation of continuously low melatonin. Thus, effects of Cry deficiency on the responses of β-adrenergic receptors were examined in cultured pineal glands. Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic stimulant, significantly increased melatonin content, although the increase was smaller in Cry1−/−/Cry2−/− than in WT mice, during both the day and night. However, the increase in cAMP in response to forskolin was similar in both genotypes, indicating that CRY deficiency does not affect the pathway downstream of the β-adrenergic receptor. These results suggest that a lack of circadian adrenergic input due to CRY deficiency decreases β-receptor activity and cAMP levels, resulting in consistently low AANAT levels despite abundant Aanat mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Yamanaka
- Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University Graduate school of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Life and Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate school of Education, Sapporo, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yamada
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate school of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate school of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate school of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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