1
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Rovira A, Veciana N, Basté-Miquel A, Quevedo M, Locascio A, Yenush L, Toledo-Ortiz G, Leivar P, Monte E. PIF transcriptional regulators are required for rhythmic stomatal movements. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4540. [PMID: 38811542 PMCID: PMC11137129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Stomata govern the gaseous exchange between the leaf and the external atmosphere, and their function is essential for photosynthesis and the global carbon and oxygen cycles. Rhythmic stomata movements in daily dark/light cycles prevent water loss at night and allow CO2 uptake during the day. How the actors involved are transcriptionally regulated and how this might contribute to rhythmicity is largely unknown. Here, we show that morning stomata opening depends on the previous night period. The transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) accumulate at the end of the night and directly induce the guard cell-specific K+ channel KAT1. Remarkably, PIFs and KAT1 are required for blue light-induced stomata opening. Together, our data establish a molecular framework for daily rhythmic stomatal movements under well-watered conditions, whereby PIFs are required for accumulation of KAT1 at night, which upon activation by blue light in the morning leads to the K+ intake driving stomata opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Rovira
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nil Veciana
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aina Basté-Miquel
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Quevedo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonella Locascio
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
- Department of biomedical science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia), Spain
| | - Lynne Yenush
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Toledo-Ortiz
- James Hutton Institute, Cell and Molecular Sciences, Errol Road Invergowrie, Dundee, UK
| | - Pablo Leivar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Huq E, Lin C, Quail PH. Light signaling in plants-a selective history. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:213-231. [PMID: 38431282 PMCID: PMC11060691 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In addition to providing the radiant energy that drives photosynthesis, sunlight carries signals that enable plants to grow, develop and adapt optimally to the prevailing environment. Here we trace the path of research that has led to our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the plant's capacity to perceive and transduce these signals into appropriate growth and developmental responses. Because a fully comprehensive review was not possible, we have restricted our coverage to the phytochrome and cryptochrome classes of photosensory receptors, while recognizing that the phototropin and UV classes also contribute importantly to the full scope of light-signal monitoring by the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chentao Lin
- Basic Forestry and Plant Proteomics Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peter H Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
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3
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Ji Z, Belfield EJ, Li S, Fu X, Harberd NP. Discovery of a second-site nia2 mutation in the background of multiple Arabidopsis PIF-related mutants containing the pif3-3 allele. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:17-23. [PMID: 37891447 PMCID: PMC10952432 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ji
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | | | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and UtilizationNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- New Cornerstone Science LaboratoryBeijing100101China
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4
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Kaeser G, Krauß N, Roughan C, Sauthof L, Scheerer P, Lamparter T. Phytochrome-Interacting Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 14:9. [PMID: 38275750 PMCID: PMC10813442 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytochromes are photoreceptors of plants, fungi, slime molds bacteria and heterokonts. These biliproteins sense red and far-red light and undergo light-induced changes between the two spectral forms, Pr and Pfr. Photoconversion triggered by light induces conformational changes in the bilin chromophore around the ring C-D-connecting methine bridge and is followed by conformational changes in the protein. For plant phytochromes, multiple phytochrome interacting proteins that mediate signal transduction, nuclear translocation or protein degradation have been identified. Few interacting proteins are known as bacterial or fungal phytochromes. Here, we describe how the interacting partners were identified, what is known about the different interactions and in which context of signal transduction these interactions are to be seen. The three-dimensional arrangement of these interacting partners is not known. Using an artificial intelligence system-based modeling software, a few predicted and modulated examples of interactions of bacterial phytochromes with their interaction partners are interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Kaeser
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften (JKIP), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.K.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Norbert Krauß
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften (JKIP), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.K.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Clare Roughan
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften (JKIP), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.K.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
| | - Luisa Sauthof
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; (L.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Patrick Scheerer
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Group Structural Biology of Cellular Signaling, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; (L.S.); (P.S.)
| | - Tilman Lamparter
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften (JKIP), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; (G.K.); (N.K.); (C.R.)
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5
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Ma L, Han R, Yang Y, Liu X, Li H, Zhao X, Li J, Fu H, Huo Y, Sun L, Yan Y, Zhang H, Li Z, Tian F, Li J, Guo Y. Phytochromes enhance SOS2-mediated PIF1 and PIF3 phosphorylation and degradation to promote Arabidopsis salt tolerance. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2997-3020. [PMID: 37119239 PMCID: PMC10396371 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses affecting plant survival, and light is a core environmental signal regulating plant growth and responses to abiotic stress. However, how light modulates the plant's response to salt stress remains largely obscure. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings are more tolerant to salt stress in the light than in the dark, and that the photoreceptors phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB are involved in this tolerance mechanism. We further show that phyA and phyB physically interact with the salt tolerance regulator SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 (SOS2) in the cytosol and nucleus, and enhance salt-activated SOS2 kinase activity in the light. Moreover, SOS2 directly interacts with and phosphorylates PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS PIF1 and PIF3 in the nucleus. Accordingly, PIFs act as negative regulators of plant salt tolerance, and SOS2 phosphorylation of PIF1 and PIF3 decreases their stability and relieves their repressive effect on plant salt tolerance in both light and dark conditions. Together, our study demonstrates that photoactivated phyA and phyB promote plant salt tolerance by increasing SOS2-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of PIF1 and PIF3, thus broadening our understanding of how plants adapt to salt stress according to their dynamic light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haiqi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yandan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liping Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng Tian
- National Maize Improvement Center, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize (MOA), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience (SKLPER), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Sharma A, Samtani H, Sahu K, Sharma AK, Khurana JP, Khurana P. Functions of Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIFs) in the regulation of plant growth and development: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125234. [PMID: 37290549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors play important roles in governing plant responses upon changes in their ambient conditions. Any fluctuation in the supply of critical requirements for plants, such as optimum light, temperature, and water leads to the reprogramming of gene-signaling pathways. At the same time, plants also evaluate and shift their metabolism according to the various stages of development. Phytochrome-Interacting Factors are one of the most important classes of transcription factors that regulate both developmental and external stimuli-based growth of plants. This review focuses on the identification of PIFs in various organisms, regulation of PIFs by various proteins, functions of PIFs of Arabidopsis in diverse developmental pathways such as seed germination, photomorphogenesis, flowering, senescence, seed and fruit development, and external stimuli-induced plant responses such as shade avoidance response, thermomorphogenesis, and various abiotic stress responses. Recent advances related to the functional characterization of PIFs of crops such as rice, maize, and tomato have also been incorporated in this review, to ascertain the potential of PIFs as key regulators to enhance the agronomic traits of these crops. Thus, an attempt has been made to provide a holistic view of the function of PIFs in various processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarye Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Harsha Samtani
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Karishma Sahu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Jitendra Paul Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India.
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7
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Wang L, Wu X, Xing Q, Zhao Y, Yu B, Ma Y, Wang F, Qi H. PIF8-WRKY42-mediated salicylic acid synthesis modulates red light induced powdery mildew resistance in oriental melon. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1726-1742. [PMID: 36759948 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Light signals and plant hormones are involved in regulating the growth, development and stress resistance of plants; however, it remains unclear whether light affects hormones and thus pathogen resistance in oriental melon. Here, we found that red light promoted salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and powdery mildew resistance by activating the transcription of CmICS, the key gene for SA biosynthesis, and silencing CmICS seriously weakened the induction effect of red light on powdery mildew resistance in oriental melon leaves. Further studies showed that red light induced the expression of CmWRKY42 under powdery mildew stress, and CmWRKY42 directly bound to the CmICS promoter to activate its expression and promote the accumulation of SA under red light. Furthermore, we found that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8), as a negative regulator of SA biosynthesis, inhibits CmWRKY42 transcriptional activation by binding to the CmWRKY42 promoter, and thus inhibits transcriptional activation of CmICS by CmWRKY42. Also, CmPIF8 binds to the CmICS promoter and directly inhibits its transcription. In conclusion, our study revealed a new molecular mechanism of the relationship between red light-SA-powdery mildew resistance and provided a theoretical basis for resistance breeding of oriental melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xutong Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaojuan Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
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8
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Sun F, Ye W, Li S, Wang Z, Xie K, Wang W, Zhang C, Xi Y. Analysis of morphological traits and regulatory mechanism of a semi-dwarf, albino, and blue grain wheat line. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:35. [PMID: 37312751 PMCID: PMC10248668 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant height and leaf color are important traits in crops since they contribute to the production of grains and biomass. Progress has been made in mapping the genes that regulate plant height and leaf color in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops. Wheat line DW-B (dwarfing, white leaves, and blue grains) with semi-dwarfing and albinism at the tillering stage and re-greening at the jointing stage was created using Lango and Indian Blue Grain. Transcriptomic analyses of the three wheat lines at the early jointing stages indicated that the genes of gibberellin (GA) signaling pathway and chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis were expressed differently in DW-B and its parents. Furthermore, the response to GA and Chl contents differed between DW-B and its parents. The dwarfing and albinism in DW-B were owing to defects in the GA signaling pathway and abnormal chloroplast development. This study can improve understanding of the regulation of plant height and leaf color. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01379-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Wenjie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kunliang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Yajun Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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9
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The Arabidopsis endosperm is a temperature-sensing tissue that implements seed thermoinhibition through phyB. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1202. [PMID: 36882415 PMCID: PMC9992654 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed thermoinhibition, the repression of germination under high temperatures, prevents seedling establishment under potentially fatal conditions. Thermoinhibition is relevant for phenology and agriculture, particularly in a warming globe. The temperature sensing mechanisms and signaling pathways sustaining thermoinhibition are unknown. Here we show that thermoinhibition in Arabidopsis thaliana is not autonomously controlled by the embryo but is rather implemented by the endosperm. High temperature is sensed through endospermic phyB by accelerating its reversion from the active signaling Pfr form into the inactive Pr form, as previously described in seedlings. This leads to thermoinhibition mediated by PIFs, mainly PIF1, PIF3 and PIF5. Endospermic PIF3 represses the expression of the endospermic ABA catabolic gene CYP707A1 and promotes endospermic ABA accumulation and release towards the embryo to block its growth. Furthermore, endospermic ABA represses embryonic PIF3 accumulation that would otherwise promote embryonic growth. Hence, under high temperatures PIF3 exerts opposite growth responses in the endosperm and embryo.
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10
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Song P, Yang Z, Guo C, Han R, Wang H, Dong J, Kang D, Guo Y, Yang S, Li J. 14-3-3 proteins regulate photomorphogenesis by facilitating light-induced degradation of PIF3. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:140-159. [PMID: 36110045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3s are highly conserved phosphopeptide-binding proteins that play important roles in various developmental and signaling pathways in plants. However, although protein phosphorylation has been proven to be a key mechanism for regulating many pivotal components of the light signaling pathway, the role of 14-3-3 proteins in photomorphogenesis remains largely obscure. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3 (PIF3) is an extensively studied transcription factor repressing photomorphogenesis, and it is well-established that upon red (R) light exposure, photo-activated phytochrome B (phyB) interacts with PIF3 and induces its rapid phosphorylation and degradation. PHOTOREGULATORY PROTEIN KINASES (PPKs), a family of nuclear protein kinases, interact with phyB and PIF3 in R light and mediate multisite phosphorylation of PIF3 in vivo. Here, we report that two members of the 14-3-3 protein family, 14-3-3λ and κ, bind to a serine residue in the bHLH domain of PIF3 that can be phosphorylated by PPKs, and act as key positive regulators of R light-induced photomorphogenesis. Moreover, 14-3-3λ and κ preferentially interact with photo-activated phyB and promote the phyB-PIF3-PPK complex formation, thereby facilitating phyB-induced phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3 upon R light exposure. Together, our data demonstrate that 14-3-3λ and κ work in close concert with the phyB-PIF3 module to regulate light signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zidan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Can Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huaichang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dingming Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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11
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Comprehensive Analysis of Betula platyphylla Suk. PIF Gene Family and Their Potential Functions in Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315326. [PMID: 36499652 PMCID: PMC9738378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are transcription factors with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. As integration factors between different signal pathways, members of the PIF protein family regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, such as seed germination, photomorphogenesis, thermomorphogenesis, rhythm regulation, flowering response, stomatal development, and stress responses. Our previous studies have shown that the BpSPL2 gene may regulate plants' adventitious root development through PIF genes. Within the Betula platyphylla genome, we identified eight PIF (BpPIFs) genes. We analysed and named them based on a phylogenetic tree, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Synteny analysis indicated that transposition or segmental duplication events played a minor role in the expansion of BpPIFs. The comparative syntenic analysis combined with phylogenetic analysis provided a deep insight into the phylogenetic relationships of BpPIF genes, suggesting that BpPIF proteins are closer to PtPIF than to AtPIF. The analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter regions of BpPIF genes indicated that various elements were related to light, abiotic stress, and plant hormone responsiveness. In addition, we found that these promoters have the transcription factor of B. platyphylla SPL2 (BpSPL2) binding motif GTAC. Expression analysis demonstrated that BpPIF genes, especially BpPIF4, BpPIF9b, and BpPIF10, might be the potential target genes of BpSPL2 in the process of adventitious root formation. Besides providing a comprehensive understanding of the BpPIF family, we propose a hypothetical gene network regulatory model for adventitious root formation.
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Luo F, Zhang Q, Xin H, Liu H, Yang H, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Li L. A Phytochrome B-PIF4-MYC2/MYC4 module inhibits secondary cell wall thickening in response to shaded light. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100416. [PMID: 35927944 PMCID: PMC9700123 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell walls (SCWs) in stem cells provide mechanical strength and structural support for growth. SCW thickening varies under different light conditions. Our previous study revealed that blue light enhances SCW thickening through the redundant function of MYC2 and MYC4 directed by CRYPTOCHROME1 (CRY1) signaling in fiber cells of the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. In this study, we find that the Arabidopsis PHYTOCHROME B mutant phyB displays thinner SCWs in stem fibers, but thicker SCWs are deposited in the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) quadruple mutant pif1pif3pif4pif5 (pifq). The shaded light condition with a low ratio of red to far-red light inhibits stem SCW thickening. PIF4 interacts with MYC2 and MYC4 to affect their localization in nuclei, and this interaction results in inhibition of the MYCs' transactivation activity on the NST1 promoter. Genetic evidence shows that regulation of SCW thickening by PIFs is dependent on MYC2/MYC4 function. Together, the results of this study reveal a PHYB-PIF4-MYC2/MYC4 module that inhibits SCW thickening in fiber cells of the Arabidopsis stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongquan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Monika S Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Calderon RH, Dalton J, Zhang Y, Quail PH. Shade triggers posttranscriptional PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR-dependent increases in H3K4 trimethylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1915-1926. [PMID: 35674379 PMCID: PMC9614472 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome (phy)-PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) sensory module perceives and transduces light signals to direct target genes (DTGs), which then drive the adaptational responses in plant growth and development appropriate to the prevailing environment. These signals include the first exposure of etiolated seedlings to sunlight upon emergence from subterranean darkness and the change in color of the light that is filtered through, or reflected from, neighboring vegetation ("shade"). Previously, we identified three broad categories of rapidly signal-responsive genes: those repressed by light and conversely induced by shade; those repressed by light, but subsequently unresponsive to shade; and those responsive to shade only. Here, we investigate the potential role of epigenetic chromatin modifications in regulating these contrasting patterns of phy-PIF module-induced expression of DTGs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq to determine time-resolved profiling of transcript and histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) levels, respectively, we show that, whereas the initial dark-to-light transition triggers a rapid, apparently temporally coincident decline of both parameters, the light-to-shade transition induces similarly rapid increases in transcript levels that precede increases in H3K4me3 levels. Together with other recent findings, these data raise the possibility that, rather than being causal in the shade-induced expression changes, H3K4me3 may function to buffer the rapidly fluctuating shade/light switching that is intrinsic to vegetational canopies under natural sunlight conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Calderon
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Jutta Dalton
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
- US Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Peter H Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agriculture Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, 94710, USA
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Wang R, Li Y, Gao M, Han M, Liu H. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the bHLH gene family and analysis of their potential relevance to chlorophyll metabolism in Raphanus sativus L. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:548. [PMID: 35915410 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green-fleshed radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an economically important root vegetable of the Brassicaceae family, and chlorophyll accumulates in its root tissues. It was reported that the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play vital roles in the process of chlorophyll metabolism. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study on the bHLH gene family has not been performed in Raphanus sativus L. RESULTS In this study, a total of 213 Raphanus sativus L. bHLH (RsbHLH) genes were screened in the radish genome, which were grouped into 22 subfamilies. 204 RsbHLH genes were unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes, and nine RsbHLH genes were located on the scaffolds. Gene structure analysis showed that 25 RsbHLH genes were intron-less. Collineation analysis revealed the syntenic orthologous bHLH gene pairs between radish and Arabidopsis thaliana/Brassica rapa/Brassica oleracea. 162 RsbHLH genes were duplicated and retained from the whole genome duplication event, indicating that the whole genome duplication contributed to the expansion of the RsbHLH gene family. RNA-seq results revealed that RsbHLH genes had a variety of expression patterns at five development stages of green-fleshed radish and white-fleshed radish. In addition, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis confirmed four RsbHLH genes closely related to chlorophyll content. CONCLUSIONS A total of 213 RsbHLH genes were identified, and we systematically analyzed their gene structure, evolutionary and collineation relationships, conserved motifs, gene duplication, cis-regulatory elements and expression patterns. Finally, four bHLH genes closely involved in chlorophyll content were identified, which may be associated with the photosynthesis of the green-fleshed radish. The current study would provide valuable information for further functional exploration of RsbHLH genes, and facilitate clarifying the molecular mechanism underlying photosynthesis process in green-fleshed radish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological and Agricultural College, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological and Agricultural College, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China.
| | - Minggang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological and Agricultural College, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Min Han
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological and Agricultural College, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huilian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological and Agricultural College, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Pereyra ME, Murcia MG, Borniego MB, Assuero SG, Casal JJ. EARLY FLOWERING 3 represses the nighttime growth response to sucrose in Arabidopsis. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022; 21:1869-1880. [PMID: 35867260 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth depends on the supply of carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. Exogenously applied sucrose promotes the growth of the hypocotyl in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown under short days. Whether this effect of sucrose is stronger under the environmental conditions where the light input for photosynthesis is limiting remains unknown. We characterised the effects of exogenous sucrose on hypocotyl growth rates under light compared to simulated shade, during different portions of the daily cycle. The strongest effects of exogenous sucrose occurred under shade and during the night; i.e., the conditions where there is reduced or no photosynthesis. Conversely, a faster hypocotyl growth rate, predicted to enhance the demand of carbohydrates, did not associate to a stronger sucrose effect. The early flowering 3 (elf3) mutation strongly enhanced the impact of sucrose on hypocotyl growth during the night of a white-light day. This effect occurred under short, but not under long days. The addition of sucrose enhanced the fluorescence intensity of ELF3 nuclear speckles. The elf3 mutant showed increased abundance of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4), which is a transcription factor required for a full response to sucrose. Sucrose increased PIF4 protein abundance by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Under shade, elf3 showed enhanced daytime and reduced nighttime effects of sucrose. We conclude that ELF3 modifies the responsivity to sucrose according to the time of the daily cycle and the prevailing light or shade conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Ezequiel Pereyra
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Germán Murcia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Borniego
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Graciela Assuero
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge José Casal
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Heterologous Expression of Dehydration-Inducible MfbHLH145 of Myrothamnus flabellifoli Enhanced Drought and Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105546. [PMID: 35628358 PMCID: PMC9146472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrothamnus flabellifolia is the only woody resurrection plant found in the world. It has a strong tolerance to drought and can survive long-term exposure to desiccated environments. However, few genes related to its drought tolerance have been functionally characterized and the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress tolerance of M. flabellifolia are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a dehydration-inducible bHLH transcription factor gene MfbHLH145 from M. flabellifolia. Heterologous expression of MfbHLH145 enhanced the drought and salt tolerance of Arabidopsis. It can not only promote root system development under short-term stresses, but also improve growth performance under long-term treatments. Further investigation showed that MfbHLH145 contributes to enhanced leaf water retention capacity through the promotion of stomatal closure, increased osmolyte accumulation, and decreased stress-induced oxidative damage through an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities. These results suggest that MfbHLH145 may be involved in the positive regulation of stress responses in M. flabellifolia. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the survival of M. flabellifolia in extreme dehydration conditions.
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Liu Y, Zhang XW, Liu X, Zheng PF, Su L, Wang GL, Wang XF, Li YY, You CX, An JP. Phytochrome interacting factor MdPIF7 modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth in apple. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2342-2363. [PMID: 34983053 PMCID: PMC8968312 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Light affects many physiological and developmental processes of plants by regulating the expression and activity of light-responsive proteins. Among them, phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation and hypocotyl growth. However, the molecular mechanism is not well understood, especially in woody plants, such as apple (Malus × domestica). In this study, we identified a light-responsive PIF protein, MdPIF7, in apple and investigated the molecular mechanism of its regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth. We found that overexpression of MdPIF7 decreased anthocyanin accumulation in transgenic apple materials and promoted hypocotyl elongation in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Further investigation showed that MdPIF7 functioned by interacting with B-box 23 (MdBBX23), a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple and hypocotyl growth inhibition in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis, and attenuating the transcriptional activation of MdBBX23 on LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 (MdHY5). In addition, MdPIF7 interacted with basic region leucine zipper 44 (MdbZIP44) and ethylene response factor 38 (MdERF38), two positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and it negatively regulated MdbZIP44- and MdERF38-promoted anthocyanin accumulation by interfering with the interaction between MdbZIP44/MdERF38 and MdMYB1. Taken together, our results reveal that MdPIF7 regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple and hypocotyl growth in ectopically expressed Arabidopsis through MdPIF7-MdBBX23-MdHY5 and MdPIF7-MdbZIP44/MdERF38-MdMYB1 modules. Our findings enrich the functional studies of PIF proteins and provide insights into the molecular mechanism of PIF-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis and hypocotyl growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Su
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China
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Dukowic-Schulze S, Harvey A, Garcia N, Chen C, Gardner G. UV-B Irradiation Results in Inhibition of Hypocotyl Elongation, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Decreased Endoreduplication Mediated by miR5642. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:1084-1099. [PMID: 34882800 DOI: 10.1111/php.13574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UV-B as a component of natural solar radiation can induce damage and morphological development in plants. The UV-B response from germination and early development in seedlings is still largely unknown, with most studies focused on older, light-exposed seedlings. We used fluence response curves measuring hypocotyl length after UV-B exposure coupled with RNA-seq and sRNA-seq evaluation of the early seedling response in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified miR5642 as a potential novel key regulator of UV-B responses. miR5642 is a noncanonical miRNA predicted to target previously known and unknown components involved in hypocotyl growth inhibition. These include (i) SMAX1, a signal transmitter for seedling germination and growth; (ii) ZAT1, an uncharacterized transcription factor; and (iii) membrane pores and transporters (VHA-E1, VHA-E3, EPSIN-LIKE and PIP1.4) implicated in cell elongation. In addition, HY5 and HYH, two homologous and redundant transcription factors involved in seedling photomorphogenesis, may interact with these newly identified components. Interestingly, UV-B-induced DNA photodimer formation seems to be the direct trigger leading to inhibition of hypocotyl growth through a combination of cellular decisions including cell cycle arrest, reduced endoreduplication and reduced cell elongation, and this inhibition appears to be modulated by miR5642 target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Harvey
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Nelson Garcia
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Changbin Chen
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Gary Gardner
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
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Zuo ZF, Sun HJ, Lee HY, Kang HG. Identification of bHLH genes through genome-wide association study and antisense expression of ZjbHLH076/ZjICE1 influence tolerance to low temperature and salinity in Zoysia japonica. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111088. [PMID: 34763873 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress greatly affects plant growth and developmental processes, resulting in poor productivity. A variety of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) that play important roles in plant abiotic stress response pathways have been identified. However, bHLH proteins of Zoysia japonica, one of the warm-season turfgrasses, have not been widely studied. In this study, 141 bHLH genes (ZjbHLHs) were identified and classified into 22 subfamilies. The ZjbHLHs were mapped on 19 chromosomes except for Chr17 and one pair of the tandemly arrayed genes was identified on Chr06. Also, the co-linearity of ZjbHLHs was found to have been driven mostly by segmental duplication events. The subfamily IIIb genes of our present interest, possessed various stress responsive cis-elements in their promoters. ZjbHLH076/ZjICE1, a MYC-type bHLH TF in subfamily IIIb was analyzed by overexpression and its loss-of-function via overexpressing a short ZjbHLH076/ZjICE1 fragment in the antisense direction. The overexpression of ZjbHLH076/ZjICE1 enhanced the tolerance to cold and salinity stress in the transgenic Z. japonica plants. However, the anti-sense expression of ZjbHLH076/ZjICE1 showed sensitive to these abiotic stresses. These results suggest that ZjbHLH076/ZjICE1 would be a promising candidate for the molecular breeding program to improve the abiotic stress tolerance of Z. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Zuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Gyu Kang
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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Liu H, Shu Q, Lin-Wang K, Allan AC, Espley RV, Su J, Pei M, Wu J. The PyPIF5-PymiR156a-PySPL9-PyMYB114/MYB10 module regulates light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in red pear. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:14. [PMID: 37789406 PMCID: PMC10514999 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Some cultivars of pear (Pyrus L.) show attractive red fruit skin due to anthocyanin accumulation. This pigmentation can be affected by environmental conditions, especially light. To explore the light-induced regulation network for anthocyanin biosynthesis and fruit coloration in pear, small RNA libraries and mRNA libraries from fruit skins of 'Yunhongyihao' pear were constructed to compare the difference between bagging and debagging treatments. Analysis of RNA-seq of fruit skins with limited light (bagged) and exposed to light (debagged), showed that PyPIF5 was down-regulated after bag removal. PymiR156a was also differentially expressed between bagged and debagged fruit skins. We found that PyPIF5 negatively regulated PymiR156a expression in bagged fruits by directly binding to the G-box motif in its promoter. In addition, PymiR156a overexpression promoted anthocyanin accumulation in both pear skin and apple calli. We confirmed that PymiR156a mediated the cleavage of PySPL9, and that the target PySPL9 protein could form heterodimers with two key anthocyanin regulators (PyMYB114/PyMYB10). We proposed a new module of PyPIF5-PymiR156a-PySPL9-PyMYB114/MYB10. When the bagged fruits were re-exposed to light, PyPIF5 was down-regulated and its inhibitory effect on PymiR156a was weakened, which leads to degradation of the target PySPL, thus eliminating the blocking effect of PySPL on the formation of the regulatory MYB complexes. Ultimately, this promotes anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Liu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Conservation, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Qun Shu
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Su
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Maosong Pei
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Horticulture and Plant Conservation, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Mazzoni-Putman SM, Brumos J, Zhao C, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. Auxin Interactions with Other Hormones in Plant Development. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a039990. [PMID: 33903155 PMCID: PMC8485746 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serina M Mazzoni-Putman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Javier Brumos
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhao
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anna N Stepanova
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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22
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Job N, Datta S. PIF3/HY5 module regulates BBX11 to suppress protochlorophyllide levels in dark and promote photomorphogenesis in light. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:190-204. [PMID: 33330975 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Greening of cotyledons during de-etiolation is critical for harvesting light energy and sustaining plant growth. PIF3 and HY5 antagonistically regulate protochlorophyllide synthesis in the dark. However, the mechanism by which the PIF3/HY5 module regulates genes involved in protochlorophyllide synthesis is not clear. Using genetic, molecular and biochemical techniques we identified that the B-BOX protein BBX11 acts directly downstream of PIF3 and HY5 to transcriptionally modulate genes involved in protochlorophyllide synthesis. Dark-grown bbx11 and 35S:BBX11 seedlings exhibit an enhanced and reduced ability to green, respectively, when exposed to light. Transcript levels of HEMA1 and CHLH are upregulated in 35S:BBX11 seedlings that accumulate high levels of protochlorophyllide in the dark and undergo photobleaching upon illumination. PIF3 inhibits BBX11 in the dark by directly binding to its promoter. bbx11 suppresses the cotyledon greening defect of pif3 after prolonged dark, indicating that the PIF3-mediated regulation of greening is dependent on BBX11. The enhanced greening of hy5 is also suppressed in hy5 lines overexpressing BBX11. In light, HY5 directly binds to the promoter of BBX11 and activates its expression to regulate BBX11-mediated hypocotyl inhibition. We show that a PIF3/HY5 module regulates BBX11 expression in opposite ways to optimise protochlorophyllide accumulation in the dark and promote photomorphogenesis in light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Job
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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23
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Rovira A, Sentandreu M, Nagatani A, Leivar P, Monte E. The Sequential Action of MIDA9/PP2C.D1, PP2C.D2, and PP2C.D5 Is Necessary to Form and Maintain the Hook After Germination in the Dark. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:636098. [PMID: 33767720 PMCID: PMC7985339 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During seedling etiolation after germination in the dark, seedlings have closed cotyledons and form an apical hook to protect the meristem as they break through the soil to reach the surface. Once in contact with light, the hook opens and cotyledons are oriented upward and separate. Hook development in the dark after seedling emergence from the seed follows three distinctly timed and sequential phases: formation, maintenance, and eventual opening. We previously identified MISREGULATED IN DARK9 (MIDA9) as a phytochrome interacting factor (PIF)-repressed gene in the dark necessary for hook development during etiolated growth. MIDA9 encodes the type 2C phosphatase PP2C.D1, and pp2c-d1/mida9 mutants exhibit open hooks in the dark. Recent evidence has described that PP2C.D1 and other PP2C.D members negatively regulate SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR)-mediated cell elongation. However, the fundamental question of the timing of PP2C.D1 action (and possibly other members of the PP2C.D family) during hook development remains to be addressed. Here, we show that PP2C.D1 is required immediately after germination to form the hook. pp2c.d1/mida9 shows reduced cell expansion in the outer layer of the hook and, therefore, does not establish the differential cell growth necessary for hook formation, indicating that PP2C.D1 is necessary to promote cell elongation during this early stage. Additionally, genetic analyses of single and high order mutants in PP2C.D1, PP2C.D2, and PP2C.D5 demonstrate that the three PP2C.Ds act collectively and sequentially during etiolation: whereas PP2C.D1 dominates hook formation, PP2C.D2 is necessary during the maintenance phase, and PP2C.D5 acts to prevent opening during the third phase together with PP2C.D1 and PP2C.D2. Finally, we uncover a possible connection of PP2C.D1 levels with ethylene physiology, which could help optimize hook formation during post-germinative growth in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Rovira
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Sentandreu
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pablo Leivar
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Bernula P, Pettkó-Szandtner A, Hajdu A, Kozma-Bognár L, Josse EM, Ádám É, Nagy F, Viczián A. SUMOylation of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 promotes photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2050-2061. [PMID: 33078389 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, phytochrome B (phyB) is the dominant receptor of photomorphogenic development under red light. Phytochrome B interacts with a set of downstream regulatory proteins, including PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3). The interaction between PIF3 and photoactivated phyB leads to the rapid phosphorylation and degradation of PIF3 and also to the degradation of phyB, events which are required for proper photomorphogenesis. Here we report that PIF3 is SUMOylated at the Lys13 (K13) residue and that we could detect this posttranslational modification in a heterologous experimental system and also in planta. We also found that the SUMO acceptor site mutant PIF3(K13R) binds more strongly to the target promoters than its SUMOylated, wild-type counterpart. Seedlings expressing PIF3(K13R) show an elongated hypocotyl response, elevated photoprotection and higher transcriptional induction of red-light responsive genes compared with plantlets expressing wild-type PIF3. These observations are supported by the lower level of phyB in plants which possess only PIF3(K13R), indicating that SUMOylation of PIF3 also alters photomorphogenesis via the regulation of phyB levels. In conclusion, whereas SUMOylation is generally connected to different stress responses, it also fine-tunes light signalling by reducing the biological activity of PIF3, thus promoting photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Bernula
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | | | - Anita Hajdu
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - László Kozma-Bognár
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - Eve-Marie Josse
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
| | - Éva Ádám
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
| | - András Viczián
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, H-6726, Hungary
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25
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Favero DS, Lambolez A, Sugimoto K. Molecular pathways regulating elongation of aerial plant organs: a focus on light, the circadian clock, and temperature. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:392-420. [PMID: 32986276 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organs such as hypocotyls and petioles rapidly elongate in response to shade and temperature cues, contributing to adaptive responses that improve plant fitness. Growth plasticity in these organs is achieved through a complex network of molecular signals. Besides conveying information from the environment, this signaling network also transduces internal signals, such as those associated with the circadian clock. A number of studies performed in Arabidopsis hypocotyls, and to a lesser degree in petioles, have been informative for understanding the signaling networks that regulate elongation of aerial plant organs. In particular, substantial progress has been made towards understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate responses to light, the circadian clock, and temperature. Signals derived from these three stimuli converge on the BAP module, a set of three different types of transcription factors that interdependently promote gene transcription and growth. Additional key positive regulators of growth that are also affected by environmental cues include the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) E3 ubiquitin ligase proteins. In this review we summarize the key signaling pathways that regulate the growth of hypocotyls and petioles, focusing specifically on molecular mechanisms important for transducing signals derived from light, the circadian clock, and temperature. While it is clear that similarities abound between the signaling networks at play in these two organs, there are also important differences between the mechanisms regulating growth in hypocotyls and petioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Favero
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Alice Lambolez
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 119-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 119-0033, Japan
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26
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Murcia G, Enderle B, Hiltbrunner A, Casal JJ. Phytochrome B and PCH1 protein dynamics store night temperature information. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:22-33. [PMID: 33098600 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants experience temperature fluctuations during the course of the daily cycle, and although stem growth responds rapidly to these changes we largely ignore whether there is a short-term memory of previous conditions. Here we show that nighttime temperatures affect the growth of the hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings not only during the night but also during the subsequent photoperiod. Active phytochrome B (phyB) represses nighttime growth and warm temperatures reduce active phyB via thermal reversion. The function of PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF HYPOCOTYL1 (PCH1) is to stabilise active phyB in nuclear bodies but, surprisingly, warmth reduces PCH1 gene expression and PCH1 stability. When phyB was active at the beginning of the night, warm night temperatures enhanced the levels of nuclear phyB and reduced hypocotyl growth rate during the following day. However, when end-of-day far-red light minimised phyB activity, warm night temperatures reduced the levels of nuclear phyB and enhanced the hypocotyl growth rate during the following day. This complex growth pattern was absent in the phyB mutant. We propose that temperature-induced changes in the levels of PCH1 and in the size of the physiologically relevant nuclear pool of phyB amplify the impact of phyB-mediated temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Murcia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Beatrix Enderle
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiltbrunner
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Jorge J Casal
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, C1405BWE, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina
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27
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Holalu SV, Reddy SK, Blackman BK, Finlayson SA. Phytochrome interacting factors 4 and 5 regulate axillary branching via bud abscisic acid and stem auxin signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2224-2238. [PMID: 32542798 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of red light to far-red light (R:FR) is perceived by phytochrome B (phyB) and informs plants of nearby competition. A low R:FR indicative of competition induces the shade avoidance syndrome and suppresses branching by incompletely understood mechanisms. Phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs) are transcription factors targeted by phytochromes to evoke photomorphogenic responses. PIF4 and PIF5 promote shade avoidance responses and become inactivated by direct interaction with active phyB in the nucleus. Here, genetic and physiological assays show that PIF4 and PIF5 contribute to the suppression of branching resulting from phyB loss of function and a low R:FR, although roles for other PIFs or pathways may exist. The suppression of branching is associated with PIF4/PIF5 promotion of the expression of the branching inhibitor BRANCHED 1 and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in axillary buds and is dependent on the function of the key ABA biosynthetic enzyme Nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3. However, PIF4/PIF5 function is not confined to a single hormonal pathway, as they also promote stem indole-3-acetic acid accumulation and stimulate systemic auxin signalling, which contribute to the suppression of bud growth when phyB is inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinidhi V Holalu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, Texas, USA
- Faculty of Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Srirama K Reddy
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, Texas, USA
- Faculty of Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Valent BioSciences LLC, Biorational Research Center, Libertyville, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin K Blackman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Scott A Finlayson
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University and Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, Texas, USA
- Faculty of Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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28
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Doroshenko AS, Danilova MN, Andreeva AA, Kudryakova NV, Kuznetsov VV, Kusnetsov VV. The Transcription Factor HY5 Is Involved in the Cytokinin-Dependent Regulation of the Expression of Genes Encoding Proteins Associated with Bacterial Plastid RNA-Polymerase during De-Etiolation of Arabidopsis thaliana. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 492:124-129. [PMID: 32632588 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920020076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
HY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5), a bZIP transcription factor, is one of the main regulators of light and hormonal signaling. Among the targets of this gene, the genes for the transcriptional complex of chloroplasts whose coordinated expression ensures the initial stages of photomorphogenesis are particularly significant. In this study, we showed that, during de-etiolation, HY5 functions as a positive CK-dependent regulator of the expression of genes encoding proteins associated with plastid RNA polymerase (PAP), which functions below the primary chain of sensing the cytokinin signal. The absence of blocking effect of mutations of the CRY1, CRY2, PHYA, and PHYB photoreceptor genes on the CK-dependent content of PAP gene transcripts indicates the parallel action of the hormone and light in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Doroshenko
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Danilova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Andreeva
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Kudryakova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vl V Kuznetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Kusnetsov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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29
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Leivar P, Martín G, Soy J, Dalton-Roesler J, Quail PH, Monte E. Phytochrome-imposed inhibition of PIF7 activity shapes photoperiodic growth in Arabidopsis together with PIF1, 3, 4 and 5. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:452-466. [PMID: 32412656 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Under photoperiodic conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth is inhibited in long days (LDs), but promoted under the extended nights of short days (SDs). This behavior is partly implemented by phytochrome (phy)-imposed oscillations in the abundance of the growth-promoting, phy-interacting bHLH transcription factors PHY-INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (PIF1), PIF3, PIF4 and PIF5 (PIF quartet or PIFq). However, the observation that a pifq mutant is still stimulated to elongate when given a phy-inactivating end-of-day far-red pulse (EODFR), suggests that additional factors are involved in the phy-mediated suppression of growth during the subsequent dark period. Here, by combining growth-analysis of pif7 single- and higher-order mutants with gene expression analysis under SD, LD, SD-EODFR, and LD-EODFR, we show that PIF7 promotes growth during the dark hours of SD, by regulating growth-related gene expression. Interestingly, the relative contribution of PIF7 in promoting growth is stronger under EODFR, whereas PIF3 role is more important under SD, suggesting that PIF7 is a prominent target of phy-suppression. Indeed, we show that phy imposes phosphorylation and inactivation of PIF7 during the light hours in SD, and prevents full dephosphorylation during the night. This repression can be lifted with an EODFR, which correlates with increased PIF7-mediated gene expression and elongation. In addition, our results suggest that PIF7 function might involve heterodimerization with PIF3. Furthermore, our data indicate that a pifqpif7 quintuple mutant is largely insensitive to photoperiod for hypocotyl elongation. Collectively, the data suggest that PIF7, together with the PIFq, is required for the photoperiodic regulation of seasonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Leivar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Martín
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Soy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jutta Dalton-Roesler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Peter H Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Elena Monte
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Yan Y, Li C, Dong X, Li H, Zhang D, Zhou Y, Jiang B, Peng J, Qin X, Cheng J, Wang X, Song P, Qi L, Zheng Y, Li B, Terzaghi W, Yang S, Guo Y, Li J. MYB30 Is a Key Negative Regulator of Arabidopsis Photomorphogenic Development That Promotes PIF4 and PIF5 Protein Accumulation in the Light. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2196-2215. [PMID: 32371543 PMCID: PMC7346557 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phytochromes are red (R) and far-red (FR) light photoreceptors in plants, and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are a group of basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factors that play central roles in repressing photomorphogenesis. Here, we report that MYB30, an R2R3-MYB family transcription factor, acts as a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We show that MYB30 preferentially interacts with the Pfr (active) forms of the phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) holoproteins and that MYB30 levels are induced by phyA and phyB in the light. It was previously shown that phytochromes induce rapid phosphorylation and degradation of PIFs upon R light exposure. Our current data indicate that MYB30 promotes PIF4 and PIF5 protein reaccumulation under prolonged R light irradiation by directly binding to their promoters to induce their expression and by inhibiting the interaction of PIF4 and PIF5 with the Pfr form of phyB. In addition, our data indicate that MYB30 interacts with PIFs and that they act additively to repress photomorphogenesis. In summary, our study demonstrates that MYB30 negatively regulates Arabidopsis photomorphogenic development by acting to promote PIF4 and PIF5 protein accumulation under prolonged R light irradiation, thus providing new insights into the complicated but delicate control of PIFs in the responses of plants to their dynamic light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bochen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinkui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Buti S, Hayes S, Pierik R. The bHLH network underlying plant shade-avoidance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:312-324. [PMID: 32053251 PMCID: PMC7383782 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Shade is a potential threat to many plant species. When shade-intolerant plants detect neighbours, they elongate their stems and leaves in an effort to maximise their light capture. This developmental programme, known as 'shade-avoidance' is tightly controlled by specialised photoreceptors and a suite of transcriptional regulators. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors are particularly important for shade-induced elongation. In recent years, it has become apparent that many members of this family heterodimerise and that together they form a complex regulatory network. This review summarises recent work into the structure of the bHLH network and how it regulates elongation growth. In addition to this, we highlight how photoreceptors modulate the function of the network via direct interaction with transcription factors. It is hoped that the information integrated in this review will provide a useful theoretical framework for future studies on the molecular basis of shade-avoidance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buti
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
| | - Scott Hayes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSICMadrid28049Spain
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
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Kazemitabar SK, Faraji S, Najafi-Zarrini H. Identification and in silico evaluation of bHLH genes in the Sesamum indicum genome: Growth regulation and stress dealing specially through the metal ions homeostasis and flavonoid biosynthesis. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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33
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Liang S, Gao X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Yin K, Chen S, Zhang M, Zhao R. Phytochrome-interacting factors regulate seedling growth through ABA signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:1100-1105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sanchez SE, Rugnone ML, Kay SA. Light Perception: A Matter of Time. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:363-385. [PMID: 32068156 PMCID: PMC7056494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the perception of external cues and regulating physiology accordingly help plants to cope with the constantly changing environmental conditions to which they are exposed. An array of photoreceptors and intricate signaling pathways allow plants to convey the surrounding light information and synchronize an endogenous timekeeping system known as the circadian clock. This biological clock integrates multiple cues to modulate a myriad of downstream responses, timing them to occur at the best moment of the day and the year. Notably, the mechanism underlying entrainment of the light-mediated clock is not clear. This review addresses known interactions between the light-signaling and circadian-clock networks, focusing on the role of light in clock entrainment and known molecular players in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matias L Rugnone
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Qi L, Liu S, Li C, Fu J, Jing Y, Cheng J, Li H, Zhang D, Wang X, Dong X, Han R, Li B, Zhang Y, Li Z, Terzaghi W, Song CP, Lin R, Gong Z, Li J. PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS Interact with the ABA Receptors PYL8 and PYL9 to Orchestrate ABA Signaling in Darkness. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:414-430. [PMID: 32059872 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) are a group of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that can physically interact with photoreceptors, including phytochromes and cryptochromes. It was previously demonstrated that PIFs accumulated in darkness and repressed seedling photomorphogenesis, and that PIFs linked different photosensory and hormonal pathways to control plant growth and development. In this study, we show that PIFs positively regulate the ABA signaling pathway during the seedling stage specifically in darkness. We found that PIFs positively regulate ABI5 transcript and protein levels in darkness in response to exogenous ABA treatment by binding directly to the G-box motifs in the ABI5 promoter. Consistently, PIFs and the G-box motifs in the ABI5 promoter determine ABI5 expression in darkness, and overexpression of ABI5 could rescue the ABA-insensitive phenotypes of pifq mutants in the dark. Moreover, we discovered that PIFs can physically interact with the ABA receptors PYL8 and PYL9, and that this interaction is not regulated by ABA. Further analyses showed that PYL8 and PYL9 promote PIF4 protein accumulation in the dark and enhance PIF4 binding to the ABI5 promoter, but negatively regulate PIF4-mediated ABI5 activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PIFs interact with ABA receptors to orchestrate ABA signaling in darkness by controlling ABI5 expression, providing new insights into the pivotal roles of PIFs as signal integrators in regulating plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanjun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jinkui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Plant Gene Expression Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Chun-Peng Song
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zuo ZF, Kang HG, Hong QC, Park MY, Sun HJ, Kim J, Song PS, Lee HY. A novel basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, ZjICE2 from Zoysia japonica confers abiotic stress tolerance to transgenic plants via activating the DREB/CBF regulon and enhancing ROS scavenging. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:447-462. [PMID: 31898148 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ZjICE2 works as a positive regulator in abiotic stress responses and ZjICE2 is a valuable genetic resource to improve abiotic stress tolerance in the molecular breeding program of Zoysia japonica. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in response to biotic or abiotic stresses in plants. However, the functions of bHLH TFs in Zoysia japonica, one of the warm-season turfgrasses, remain poorly understood. Here, we identified ZjICE2 from Z. japonica, a novel MYC-type bHLH transcription factor that was closely related to ICE homologs in the phylogenetic tree, and its expression was regulated by various abiotic stresses. Transient expression of ZjICE2-GFP in onion epidermal cells revealed that ZjICE2 was a nuclear-localized protein. Also, ZjICE2 bound the MYC cis-element in the promoter of dehydration responsive element binding 1 of Z. japonica (ZjDREB1) using yeast one-hybrid assay. A phenotypic analysis showed that overexpression of the ZjICE2 in Arabidopsis enhanced tolerance to cold, drought, and salt stresses. The transgenic Arabidopsis and Z. japonica accumulated more transcripts of cold-responsive DREB/CBFs and their downstream genes than the wild type (WT) after cold treatment. Furthermore, the transgenic plants exhibited an enhanced Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, which resulted in an efficient maintenance of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. In addition, overexpression of the ZjICE2 in Z. japonica displayed intensive cold tolerance with increases in chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic efficiency. Our study suggests that ZjICE2 works as a positive regulator in abiotic stress responses and the ICE-DREB/CBFs response pathway involved in cold stress tolerance is also conserved in Z. japonica. These results provide a valuable genetic resource for the molecular breeding program especially for warm-season grasses as well as other leaf crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Zuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Kang
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
| | - Quan-Chun Hong
- Department of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Henan, China
| | - Mi-Young Park
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jeongsik Kim
- Faculty of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Pill-Soon Song
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea.
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37
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Price N, Lopez L, Platts AE, Lasky JR. In the presence of population structure: From genomics to candidate genes underlying local adaptation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1889-1904. [PMID: 32128123 DOI: 10.1101/642306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic signatures, genes, and traits underlying local adaptation of organisms to heterogeneous environments is of central importance to the field evolutionary biology. To identify loci underlying local adaptation, models that combine allelic and environmental variation while controlling for the effects of population structure have emerged as the method of choice. Despite being evaluated in simulation studies, there has not been a thorough investigation of empirical evidence supporting local adaptation across these alleles. To evaluate these methods, we use 875 Arabidopsis thaliana Eurasian accessions and two mixed models (GEMMA and LFMM) to identify candidate SNPs underlying local adaptation to climate. Subsequently, to assess evidence of local adaptation and function among significant SNPs, we examine allele frequency differentiation and recent selection across Eurasian populations, in addition to their distribution along quantitative trait loci (QTL) explaining fitness variation between Italy and Sweden populations and cis-regulatory/nonsynonymous sites showing significant selective constraint. Our results indicate that significant LFMM/GEMMA SNPs show low allele frequency differentiation and linkage disequilibrium across locally adapted Italy and Sweden populations, in addition to a poor association with fitness QTL peaks (highest logarithm of odds score). Furthermore, when examining derived allele frequencies across the Eurasian range, we find that these SNPs are enriched in low-frequency variants that show very large climatic differentiation but low levels of linkage disequilibrium. These results suggest that their enrichment along putative functional sites most likely represents deleterious variation that is independent of local adaptation. Among all the genomic signatures examined, only SNPs showing high absolute allele frequency differentiation (AFD) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between Italy and Sweden populations showed a strong association with fitness QTL peaks and were enriched along selectively constrained cis-regulatory/nonsynonymous sites. Using these SNPs, we find strong evidence linking flowering time, freezing tolerance, and the abscisic-acid pathway to local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Price
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest Management Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Lua Lopez
- Department of Biology Binghamton University (State University of New York) Binghamton NY USA
| | - Adrian E Platts
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor NY USA
- Department of Biology Center for Genomics and Systems Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Jesse R Lasky
- Department of Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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38
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Price N, Lopez L, Platts AE, Lasky JR. In the presence of population structure: From genomics to candidate genes underlying local adaptation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:1889-1904. [PMID: 32128123 PMCID: PMC7042746 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic signatures, genes, and traits underlying local adaptation of organisms to heterogeneous environments is of central importance to the field evolutionary biology. To identify loci underlying local adaptation, models that combine allelic and environmental variation while controlling for the effects of population structure have emerged as the method of choice. Despite being evaluated in simulation studies, there has not been a thorough investigation of empirical evidence supporting local adaptation across these alleles. To evaluate these methods, we use 875 Arabidopsis thaliana Eurasian accessions and two mixed models (GEMMA and LFMM) to identify candidate SNPs underlying local adaptation to climate. Subsequently, to assess evidence of local adaptation and function among significant SNPs, we examine allele frequency differentiation and recent selection across Eurasian populations, in addition to their distribution along quantitative trait loci (QTL) explaining fitness variation between Italy and Sweden populations and cis-regulatory/nonsynonymous sites showing significant selective constraint. Our results indicate that significant LFMM/GEMMA SNPs show low allele frequency differentiation and linkage disequilibrium across locally adapted Italy and Sweden populations, in addition to a poor association with fitness QTL peaks (highest logarithm of odds score). Furthermore, when examining derived allele frequencies across the Eurasian range, we find that these SNPs are enriched in low-frequency variants that show very large climatic differentiation but low levels of linkage disequilibrium. These results suggest that their enrichment along putative functional sites most likely represents deleterious variation that is independent of local adaptation. Among all the genomic signatures examined, only SNPs showing high absolute allele frequency differentiation (AFD) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) between Italy and Sweden populations showed a strong association with fitness QTL peaks and were enriched along selectively constrained cis-regulatory/nonsynonymous sites. Using these SNPs, we find strong evidence linking flowering time, freezing tolerance, and the abscisic-acid pathway to local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Price
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences & Pest ManagementColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Lua Lopez
- Department of BiologyBinghamton University (State University of New York)BinghamtonNYUSA
| | - Adrian E. Platts
- Simons Center for Quantitative BiologyCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
- Department of BiologyCenter for Genomics and Systems BiologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Jesse R. Lasky
- Department of BiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
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Kozuka T, Sawada Y, Imai H, Kanai M, Hirai MY, Mano S, Uemura M, Nishimura M, Kusaba M, Nagatani A. Regulation of Sugar and Storage Oil Metabolism by Phytochrome during De-etiolation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:1114-1129. [PMID: 31748417 PMCID: PMC6997681 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of dark-grown (etiolated) seedlings to light induces the heterotrophic-to-photoautotrophic transition (de-etiolation) processes, including the formation of photosynthetic machinery in the chloroplast and cotyledon expansion. Phytochrome is a red (R)/far-red (FR) light photoreceptor that is involved in the various aspects of de-etiolation. However, how phytochrome regulates metabolic dynamics in response to light stimulus has remained largely unknown. In this study, to elucidate the involvement of phytochrome in the metabolic response during de-etiolation, we performed widely targeted metabolomics in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) wild-type and phytochrome A and B double mutant seedlings de-etiolated under R or FR light. The results revealed that phytochrome had strong impacts on the primary and secondary metabolism during the first 24 h of de-etiolation. Among those metabolites, sugar levels decreased during de-etiolation in a phytochrome-dependent manner. At the same time, phytochrome upregulated processes requiring sugars. Triacylglycerols are stored in the oil bodies as a source of sugars in Arabidopsis seedlings. Sugars are provided from triacylglycerols through fatty acid β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle in glyoxysomes. We examined if and how phytochrome regulates sugar production from oil bodies. Irradiation of the etiolated seedlings with R and FR light dramatically accelerated oil body mobilization in a phytochrome-dependent manner. Glyoxylate cycle-deficient mutants not only failed to mobilize oil bodies but also failed to develop thylakoid membranes and expand cotyledon cells upon exposure to light. Hence, phytochrome plays a key role in the regulation of metabolism during de-etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kozuka
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Imai
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Masatake Kanai
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shoji Mano
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Matsuo Uemura
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Mikio Nishimura
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Makoto Kusaba
- Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Central clock components modulate plant shade avoidance by directly repressing transcriptional activation activity of PIF proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3261-3269. [PMID: 31988133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1918317117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-environment signals, sensed by plant phytochrome photoreceptors, are transduced to target genes through direct regulation of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) transcription factor abundance and activity. Previous genome-wide DNA-binding and expression analysis has identified a set of genes that are direct targets of PIF transcriptional regulation. However, quantitative analysis of promoter occupancy versus expression level has suggested that unknown "trans factors" modulate the intrinsic transcriptional activation activity of DNA-bound PIF proteins. Here, using computational analysis of published data, we have identified PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS (PRR5 and PRR7) as displaying a high frequency of colocalization with the PIF proteins at their binding sites in the promoters of PIF Direct Target Genes (DTGs). We show that the PRRs function to suppress PIF-stimulated growth in the light and vegetative shade and that they repress the rapid PIF-induced expression of PIF-DTGs triggered by exposure to shade. The repressive action of the PRRs on both growth and DTG expression requires the PIFs, indicating direct action on PIF activity, rather than a parallel antagonistic pathway. Protein interaction assays indicate that the PRRs exert their repressive activity by binding directly to the PIF proteins in the nucleus. These findings support the conclusion that the PRRs function as direct outputs from the core circadian oscillator to regulate the expression of PIF-DTGs through modulation of PIF transcriptional activation activity, thus expanding the roles of the multifunctional PIF-signaling hub.
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41
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Wang X, Ma Q, Wang R, Wang P, Liu Y, Mao T. Submergence stress-induced hypocotyl elongation through ethylene signaling-mediated regulation of cortical microtubules in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1067-1077. [PMID: 31638649 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is significantly altered in response to submergence stress. However, the molecular mechanisms used by seedlings in response to this stress, especially for hypocotyl growth, are largely unknown in terrestrial plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana. The microtubule cytoskeleton participates in plant cell growth, but it remains unclear whether submergence-mediated plant growth involves the microtubule cytoskeleton. We demonstrated that in Arabidopsis submergence induced underwater hypocotyl elongation through the activation of ethylene signaling, which modulated cortical microtubule reorganization. Submergence enhanced ethylene signaling, which then activated and stabilized its downstream transcription factor, phytochrome-interacting factor 3 (PIF3), to promote hypocotyl elongation. In particular, the regulation of microtubule organization was important for this physiological process. Microtubule-destabilizing protein 60 (MDP60), which was previously identified as a downstream effector of PIF3, played a positive role in submergence-induced hypocotyl elongation. Submergence induced MDP60 expression through ethylene signaling. The effects of submergence on hypocotyl elongation and cortical microtubule reorganization were suppressed in mdp60 mutants. These data suggest a potential mechanism by which submergence activates ethylene signaling to promote underwater hypocotyl elongation via alteration of the microtubule cytoskeleton in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Zhengzhou Tabacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tonglin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lin BY, Shih CJ, Hsieh HY, Chen HC, Tu SL. Phytochrome Coordinates with a hnRNP to Regulate Alternative Splicing via an Exonic Splicing Silencer. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:243-254. [PMID: 31501299 PMCID: PMC6945828 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants perceive environmental light conditions and optimize their growth and development accordingly by regulating gene activity at multiple levels. Photoreceptors are important for light sensing and downstream gene regulation. Phytochromes, red/far-red light receptors, are believed to regulate light-responsive alternative splicing, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Alternative splicing is primarily regulated by transacting factors, such as splicing regulators, and by cis-acting elements in precursor mRNA. In the moss Physcomitrella patens, we show that phytochrome 4 (PpPHY4) directly interacts with a splicing regulator, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F1 (PphnRNP-F1), in the nucleus to regulate light-responsive alternative splicing. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PpPHY4 and PphnRNP-F1 coregulate 70% of intron retention (IR) events in response to red light. A repetitive GAA motif was identified to be an exonic splicing silencer that controls red light-responsive IR. Biochemical studies indicated that PphnRNP-F1 is recruited by the GAA motif to form RNA-protein complexes. Finally, red light elevates PphnRNP-F1 protein levels via PpPHY4, increasing levels of IR. We propose that PpPHY4 and PphnRNP-F1 regulate alternative splicing through an exonic splicing silencer to control splicing machinery activity in response to light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bou-Yun Lin
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chueh-Ju Shih
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Long Tu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Chung-Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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44
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Deconstructing and repurposing the light-regulated interplay between Arabidopsis phytochromes and interacting factors. Commun Biol 2019; 2:448. [PMID: 31815202 PMCID: PMC6888877 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochrome photoreceptors mediate adaptive responses of plants to red and far-red light. These responses generally entail light-regulated association between phytochromes and other proteins, among them the phytochrome-interacting factors (PIF). The interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana phytochrome B (AtPhyB) localizes to the bipartite APB motif of the A. thaliana PIFs (AtPIF). To address a dearth of quantitative interaction data, we construct and analyze numerous AtPIF3/6 variants. Red-light-activated binding is predominantly mediated by the APB N-terminus, whereas the C-terminus modulates binding and underlies the differential affinity of AtPIF3 and AtPIF6. We identify AtPIF variants of reduced size, monomeric or homodimeric state, and with AtPhyB affinities between 10 and 700 nM. Optogenetically deployed in mammalian cells, the AtPIF variants drive light-regulated gene expression and membrane recruitment, in certain cases reducing basal activity and enhancing regulatory response. Moreover, our results provide hitherto unavailable quantitative insight into the AtPhyB:AtPIF interaction underpinning vital light-dependent responses in plants. David Golonka et al. report the epitopes in Arabidopsis phytochrome-interacting factors (PIF) that underlie light-dependent interactions with phytochrome B. They identify compact PIF variants that enable light-activated gene expression and membrane recruitment with reduced basal activity and enhanced regulatory response.
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Zuo ZF, Kang HG, Park MY, Jeong H, Sun HJ, Song PS, Lee HY. Zoysia japonica MYC type transcription factor ZjICE1 regulates cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110254. [PMID: 31623785 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ICE1 (Inducer of CBF Expression 1) is a regulator of cold-induced transcriptome, which plays an important role in plant cold response pathway. To enhance the cold tolerance of Zoysia japonica, one of the warm-season turfgrasses, it is helpful to understand the cold response mechanism in Zoysia japonica. We identified stress-responsive ZjICE1 from Zoysia japonica and characterized its function in cold stress. Our results showed that ZjICE1 shared the typical feature of ICE homolog proteins belonging to a nucleic protein. Transactivation activity assay revealed that ZjICE1 bound to the MYC cis-element in the ZjDREB1's promotor. The ZjICE1 overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis showed enhanced tolerance to cold stress with an increases in SOD, POD, and free proline content and reduction in MDA content. They also induced the transcripts abundance of cold-responsive genes (CBF1, CBF2, CBF3, COR47A, KIN1, and RD29A) after cold treatment. These results suggest that ZjICE1 is a positive regulator in Zoysia japonica plant during cold stress and can be a useful gene for the molecular breeding program to develop the cold tolerant zoysiagrass. Furthermore, the ZjICE1 also conferred resistance to salt and drought stresses, providing the better understanding of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family in abiotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fang Zuo
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Kang
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Young Park
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jin Sun
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pill-Soon Song
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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Arico D, Legris M, Castro L, Garcia CF, Laino A, Casal JJ, Mazzella MA. Neighbour signals perceived by phytochrome B increase thermotolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2554-2566. [PMID: 31069808 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the preeminence of reductionist approaches, understanding of plant responses to combined stresses is limited. We speculated that light-quality signals of neighbouring vegetation might increase susceptibility to heat shocks because shade reduces tissue temperature and hence the likeness of heat shocks. In contrast, plants of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under low-red/far-red ratios typical of shade were less damaged by heat stress than plants grown under simulated sunlight. Neighbour signals reduce the activity of phytochrome B (phyB), increasing the abundance of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs). The phyB mutant showed high tolerance to heat stress even under simulated sunlight, and a pif multiple mutant showed low tolerance under simulated shade. phyB and red/far-red ratio had no effects on seedlings acclimated with nonstressful warm temperatures before the heat shock. The phyB mutant showed reduced expression of several fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes and less proportion of fully unsaturated fatty acids and electrolyte leakage of membranes exposed to heat shocks. Red-light-activated phyB also reduced thermotolerance of dark-grown seedlings but not via changes in FADs expression and membrane stability. We propose that the reduced photosynthetic capacity linked to thermotolerant membranes would be less costly under shade, where the light input limits photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Arico
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Martina Legris
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
| | - Luciana Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Carlos Fernando Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Aldana Laino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP), CCT-La Plata CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
| | - Jorge José Casal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL), Buenos Aires, 1405, Argentina
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, 1417, Argentina
| | - Maria Agustina Mazzella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
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Song J, Cao K, Hao Y, Song S, Su W, Liu H. Hypocotyl elongation is regulated by supplemental blue and red light in cucumber seedling. Gene 2019; 707:117-125. [PMID: 31034942 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Light is fundamental for plants in growth and development, with regulating by integration of photoreceptors, hormones, and transcription factors. In this study, the cucumber seedlings were supplemented with different ratios of red and blue light (1R1B, 2R1B, 1R2B and weak daylight as control), with triggering change of phenotype, and gene expression profiles of CsPHYs and CsCRYs, CsGAs/BRs, and CsPIFs in hypocotyls. The cucumber seedling growth was significantly improved by supplemental light quality as compared with CK, and the seedlings in 2R1B were the stoutest, with obviously shortening hypocotyls, and higher dry weight and seedlings index at two-leaf stage. The gene expression of photoreceptor and hormone, including CsPHYA, CsPHYB, CsCRY1, CsGA20ox1, CsGA20ox2, CsGA3ox1, was significantly up-regulated in hypocotyl under different supplemental light conditions. The cucumber seedlings silenced by pTRV2-PIF4 had an obvious shortened hypocotyl. The expression level of CsCRY1, CsGA20ox1 and CsGA3ox1 was markedly down-regulation, whereas CsPHYA and CsPHYB expression increased observably and CsGA20ox2 expression was not dramatically difference in pTRV2-PIF4-infected seedlings. Thus, cucumber seedlings hypocotyl elongation was regulated by different supplemental light through crosstalk of photoreceptor, GAs, PIFs, and increasing ratio of red light could promote suppression of hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kai Cao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Houcheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Ortiz-Alcaide M, Llamas E, Gomez-Cadenas A, Nagatani A, Martínez-García JF, Rodríguez-Concepción M. Chloroplasts Modulate Elongation Responses to Canopy Shade by Retrograde Pathways Involving HY5 and Abscisic Acid. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:384-398. [PMID: 30705135 PMCID: PMC6447015 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants use light as energy for photosynthesis but also as a signal of competing vegetation. Using different concentrations of norflurazon and lincomycin, we found that the response to canopy shade in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was repressed even when inhibitors only caused a modest reduction in the level of photosynthetic pigments. High inhibitor concentrations resulted in albino seedlings that were unable to elongate when exposed to shade, in part due to attenuated light perception and signaling via phytochrome B and phytochrome-interacting factors. The response to shade was further repressed by a retrograde network with two separate nodes represented by the transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL 5 and the carotenoid-derived hormone abscisic acid. The unveiled connection among chloroplast status, light (shade) signaling, and developmental responses should contribute to achieve optimal photosynthetic performance under light-changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ortiz-Alcaide
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernesto Llamas
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Jaime F Martínez-García
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Ermert AL, Stahl F, Gans T, Hughes J. Analysis of Physcomitrella Phytochrome Mutants via Phototropism and Polarotropism. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 2026:225-236. [PMID: 31317417 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9612-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In mosses such as Physcomitrella patens phytochrome photoreceptors steer directional/vectorial responses to unilateral/polarized light. In this chapter, we describe procedures to assay phototropism and polarotropism quantitatively in wild type and mutant lines. Protonemata are placed on agar-based medium in square Petri dishes in darkness for 1 week, allowing caulonemata to develop and grow negatively gravitropically. For phototropism, the dishes are placed vertically in black boxes and unilaterally irradiated with continuous red light. For polarotropism, Petri dishes are placed horizontally and irradiated with linearly polarized red light from above. After irradiation, the filaments are photographed using a macroscope with CCD camera and the bending angles measured using image processing software. The data are transfered to a spreadsheet program, placed into 10° bending angle classes and illustrated using a circular histogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Ermert
- Institute for Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Stahl
- Institute for Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tanja Gans
- Institute for Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jon Hughes
- Institute for Plant Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Pham VN, Xu X, Huq E. Molecular bases for the constitutive photomorphogenic phenotypes in Arabidopsis. Development 2018; 145:dev169870. [PMID: 30377170 PMCID: PMC6288388 DOI: 10.1242/dev.169870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis is regulated in part by the COP1/SPA complex and phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) in Arabidopsis The constitutive photomorphogenic (cop) phenotypes of cop1 and spaQ mutants have been shown to result from a high abundance of positively acting transcription factors. Here, we show that the four major PIF proteins are unstable in cop1 mutants and that overexpression of PIF1, PIF3, PIF4 and PIF5 suppresses cop1 phenotypes in the dark. A comparison of the transcriptome data among cop1, spaQ and pifQ reveals remarkably overlapping gene expression profiles with preferential regulation of PIF direct target genes. Additionally, HFR1 strongly inhibits the in vivo binding and transcriptional activation activity of PIF1 in the dark. Taken together, these data suggest that the cop phenotypes of the cop1 and spaQ mutants are due to a combination of the reduced level of PIFs, increased levels of positively acting transcription factors (e.g. HY5/HFR1) and the HFR1-mediated inhibition of PIF-targeted gene expression in the dark. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Ngoc Pham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Xiaosa Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and The Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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