1
|
Chakraborty MP, Das D, Mondal P, Kaul P, Bhattacharyya S, Kumar Das P, Das R. Molecular basis of VEGFR1 autoinhibition at the plasma membrane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1346. [PMID: 38355851 PMCID: PMC10866885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ligand-independent activation of VEGFRs is a hallmark of diabetes and several cancers. Like EGFR, VEGFR2 is activated spontaneously at high receptor concentrations. VEGFR1, on the other hand, remains constitutively inactive in the unligated state, making it an exception among VEGFRs. Ligand stimulation transiently phosphorylates VEGFR1 and induces weak kinase activation in endothelial cells. Recent studies, however, suggest that VEGFR1 signaling is indispensable in regulating various physiological or pathological events. The reason why VEGFR1 is regulated differently from other VEGFRs remains unknown. Here, we elucidate a mechanism of juxtamembrane inhibition that shifts the equilibrium of VEGFR1 towards the inactive state, rendering it an inefficient kinase. The juxtamembrane inhibition of VEGFR1 suppresses its basal phosphorylation even at high receptor concentrations and transiently stabilizes tyrosine phosphorylation after ligand stimulation. We conclude that a subtle imbalance in phosphatase activation or removing juxtamembrane inhibition is sufficient to induce ligand-independent activation of VEGFR1 and sustain tyrosine phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Pratim Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Diptatanu Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Purav Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Pragya Kaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Soumi Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Prosad Kumar Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur campus, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Che Z, Song Y, Zhu L, Liu T, Li X, Huang L. Emerging roles of growth factors in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Front Genet 2022; 13:1037190. [PMID: 36452155 PMCID: PMC9702520 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1037190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a potentially disabling orthopedic condition that requires total hip arthroplasty in most late-stage cases. However, mechanisms underlying the development of ONFH remain unknown, and the therapeutic strategies remain limited. Growth factors play a crucial role in different physiological processes, including cell proliferation, invasion, metabolism, apoptosis, and stem cell differentiation. Recent studies have reported that polymorphisms of growth factor-related genes are involved in the pathogenesis of ONFH. Tissue and genetic engineering are attractive strategies for treating early-stage ONFH. In this review, we summarized dysregulated growth factor-related genes and their role in the occurrence and development of ONFH. In addition, we discussed their potential clinical applications in tissue and genetic engineering for the treatment of ONFH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjia Che
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tengyue Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lanfeng Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although COVID-19 was originally characterized as a respiratory disease, recent findings have shown lingering side effects in those who have recovered, and much is still unknown about the long-term consequences of the illness. Thus, the potential of unearthing multi-system dysfunction is high, with current data revealing significant impacts on musculoskeletal health. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple animal models of COVID-19 infection have revealed significant post-infection bone loss at several different skeletal sites. While how this loss occurred is unknown, this current review discusses the primary bone loss studies, and examines the possible mechanisms of action including: direct infection of bone marrow macrophages or hematopoietic progenitors, a proinflammatory response as a result of the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm, and/or a result of hypoxia and oxidative stress. This review will further examine how therapeutics used to treat COVID-19 affect the skeletal system. Finally, this review will examine the possible consequence that delayed care and limited healthcare accessibility has on musculoskeletal-related patient outcomes. It is important to investigate the potential impact COVID-19 infection has on musculoskeletal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olatundun D Awosanya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 549, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ushashi C Dadwal
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 549, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Erik A Imel
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS 549, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu H, Yin G, Pu X, Wang J, Liao X, Huang Z. Inhibitory Effects of Combined Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Osteoclast Differentiation and Activity. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1387-1398. [PMID: 33632010 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF) are important regulators of bone development and bone remodeling involving the coordination of osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The synergistic promotions of these growth factors on osteogenesis in the appropriate combination have been confirmed by a lot of studies, but the effect of this combined application on osteoclastogenesis still remains ambiguous. On the basis of comparing the osteoclastic potentials under stimulation of BMP-2, VEGF, or bFGF alone, this study focused on their combined effects on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. Our results showed that osteoclastogenesis was enhanced to some extent under the stimulation of BMP-2, VEGF, or bFGF alone, and the potential of these three growth factors to stimulate osteoclastogenesis was VEGF > BMP-2 > bFGF. However, the treatment with the combination of BMP-2 (50 ng/mL), VEGF (1 ng/mL), and bFGF (10 ng/mL), the most suitable dose combination for osteogenesis optimized in our previous study, weakened osteoclast differentiation confirmed by smaller tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells, lower TRAP activity, and lower expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein, an important molecule regulating osteoclast fusion. Moreover, BMP-2, VEGF, and bFGF in combination also moderately inhibited the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts by suppressing the expression of osteoclast-specific genes cathepsin K, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. The underlying molecular mechanisms involved the suppression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-induced c-Fos levels and the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1, two major transcription factors in osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our study showed that the combination of BMP-2 (50 ng/mL), VEGF (1 ng/mL), and bFGF (10 ng/mL) promoted osteoblastogenesis but inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Thus, the simultaneous use of BMP-2 (50 ng/mL), VEGF (1 ng/mL), and bFGF (10 ng/mL) in an appropriate combination might improve efficacious bone regeneration in a clinical setting. Impact statement Few studies have addressed the combined effects of multiple growth factors on osteoclasts. This study demonstrated that the simultaneous use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2; 50 ng/mL), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; 1 ng/mL), and basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF; 10 ng/mL), the most suitable dose combination for osteogenesis optimized in our previous study, showed inhibitory effects on the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts. Our results suggest that the growth factor signaling pathways in osteoclasts may interact with each other. Furthermore, this study could provide new insights into the optimal application of BMP-2, VEGF, and bFGF for bone repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Guangfu Yin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ximing Pu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Liao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongbing Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsuchiya E, Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Abe M, Yoshida T, Zhao S, Tsuboi K, Udagawa N, Henrique Luiz de Freitas P, Li M, Kitagawa Y, Amizuka N. Histochemical assessment on the cellular interplay of vascular endothelial cells and septoclasts during endochondral ossification in mice. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:201-214. [PMID: 32816022 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to verify the cellular interplay between vascular endothelial cells and surrounding cells in the chondro-osseous junction of murine tibiae. Many CD31-positive endothelial cells accompanied with Dolichos Biflorus Agglutinin lectin-positive septoclasts invaded into the hypertrophic zone of the tibial epiphyseal cartilage. MMP9 immunoreactive cytoplasmic processes of vascular endothelial cells extended into the transverse partitions of cartilage columns. In contrast, septoclasts included several large lysosomes which indicate the incorporation of extracellular matrices despite no immunopositivity for F4/80-a hallmark of macrophage/monocyte lineage. In addition, septoclasts were observed in c-fos-/- mice but not in Rankl-/- mice. Unlike c-fos-/- mice, Rankl-/- mice showed markedly expanded hypertrophic zone and the irregular shape of the chondro-osseous junction. Immunoreactivity of platelet-derived growth factor-bb, which involved in angiogenic roles in the bone, was detected in not only osteoclasts but also septoclasts at the chondro-osseous junction. Therefore, septoclasts appear to assist the synchronous vascular invasion of endothelial cells at the chondro-osseous junction. Vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction possess endomucin but not EphB4, whereas those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction were intensely positive for both endomucin and EphB4, while being accompanied with ephrinB2-positive osteoblasts. Taken together, it is likely that vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction would interplay with septoclasts for synchronous invasion into the epiphyseal cartilage, while those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction would cooperate with osteoblastic activities presumably by mediating EphB4/ephrinB2. MINI-ABSTRACT Our original article demonstrated that vascular endothelial cells adjacent to the chondro-osseous junction would interplay with septoclasts for synchronous invasion into the epiphyseal cartilage, while those slightly distant from the chondro-osseous junction would cooperate with osteoblastic activities presumably by mediating EphB4/ephrinB2. (A figure that best represents your paper is Fig. 5c).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Tsuchiya
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.,Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Department of Dentistry, Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Camp Asaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Taiji Yoshida
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Shen Zhao
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kanako Tsuboi
- Dental Surgery, Haibara General Hospital, Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Minqi Li
- Division of Basic Science of Stomatology, The School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsubaki M, Seki S, Takeda T, Chihara A, Arai Y, Morii Y, Imano M, Satou T, Shimomura K, Nishida S. The HGF/Met/NF-κB Pathway Regulates RANKL Expression in Osteoblasts and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217905. [PMID: 33114380 PMCID: PMC7663721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM)-induced bone disease occurs through hyperactivation of osteoclasts by several factors secreted by MM cells. MM cell-secreted factors induce osteoclast differentiation and activation via direct and indirect actions including enhanced expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is elevated in MM patients and is associated with MM-induced bone disease, although the mechanism by which HGF promotes bone disease remains unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that HGF induces RANKL expression in osteoblasts and BMSCs, and investigated the mechanism of induction. We found that HGF and MM cell supernatants induced RANKL expression in ST2 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells, and mouse BMSCs. In addition, HGF increased phosphorylation of Met and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in ST2 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells, or mouse BMSCs. Moreover, Met and NF-κB inhibitors suppressed HGF-induced RANKL expression in ST2 cells, MC3T3-E1 cells, and mouse BMSCs. These results indicated that HGF promotes RANKL expression in osteoblasts and BMSCs via the Met/NF-κB signaling pathway, and Met and NF-κB inhibitors suppressed HGF-induced RANKL expression. Our findings suggest that Met and NF-κB inhibitors are potentially useful in mitigating MM-induced bone disease in patients expressing high levels of HGF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.); (T.T.); (A.C.); (Y.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Shiori Seki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.); (T.T.); (A.C.); (Y.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.); (T.T.); (A.C.); (Y.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Akiko Chihara
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.); (T.T.); (A.C.); (Y.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuuko Arai
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.); (T.T.); (A.C.); (Y.A.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuusuke Morii
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.); (T.T.); (A.C.); (Y.A.); (Y.M.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Municipal Ikeda Hospital, Ikeda 563-0025, Japan;
| | - Motohiro Imano
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-0014, Japan;
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-0014, Japan;
| | - Kazunori Shimomura
- Department of Pharmacy, Municipal Ikeda Hospital, Ikeda 563-0025, Japan;
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan; (M.T.); (S.S.); (T.T.); (A.C.); (Y.A.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6721-2332
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hsu MC, Pan MR, Hung WC. Two Birds, One Stone: Double Hits on Tumor Growth and Lymphangiogenesis by Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030270. [PMID: 30901976 PMCID: PMC6468620 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) has been known for its involvement in tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. The VEGFR3 signaling is stimulated by its main cognate ligand, vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), which in turn promotes tumor progression. Activation of VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was shown to enhance the proliferation of LECs and the formation of lymphatic vessels, leading to increased lymphatic metastasis of tumor cells. In the past decade, the expression and pathological roles of VEGFR3 in tumor cells have been described. Moreover, the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 axis has been implicated in regulating immune tolerance and suppression. Therefore, the inhibition of the VEGF-C/VEGFR3 axis has emerged as an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we discuss the current findings related to VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling in cancer progression and recent advances in the development of therapeutic drugs targeting VEGF-C/VEGFR3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chuan Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chun Hung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee E, Ko JY, Kim J, Park JW, Lee S, Im GI. Osteogenesis and angiogenesis are simultaneously enhanced in BMP2-/VEGF-transfected adipose stem cells through activation of the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4588-4602. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While bone has the capability to heal itself, there is a great difficulty in reconstituting large bone defects created by heavy trauma or the resection of malignant tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics
| | - Ji-Yun Ko
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Kim
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Park
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Lee
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering
- Dongguk University
- Goyang 10326
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopaedics
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pridans C, Raper A, Davis GM, Alves J, Sauter KA, Lefevre L, Regan T, Meek S, Sutherland L, Thomson AJ, Clohisey S, Bush SJ, Rojo R, Lisowski ZM, Wallace R, Grabert K, Upton KR, Tsai YT, Brown D, Smith LB, Summers KM, Mabbott NA, Piccardo P, Cheeseman MT, Burdon T, Hume DA. Pleiotropic Impacts of Macrophage and Microglial Deficiency on Development in Rats with Targeted Mutation of the Csf1r Locus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2683-2699. [PMID: 30249809 PMCID: PMC6196293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have produced Csf1r-deficient rats by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Consistent with the role of Csf1r in macrophage differentiation, there was a loss of peripheral blood monocytes, microglia in the brain, epidermal Langerhans cells, splenic marginal zone macrophages, bone-associated macrophages and osteoclasts, and peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages of splenic red pulp, liver, lung, and gut were less affected. The pleiotropic impacts of the loss of macrophages on development of multiple organ systems in rats were distinct from those reported in mice. Csf1r-/- rats survived well into adulthood with postnatal growth retardation, distinct skeletal and bone marrow abnormalities, infertility, and loss of visceral adipose tissue. Gene expression analysis in spleen revealed selective loss of transcripts associated with the marginal zone and, in brain regions, the loss of known and candidate novel microglia-associated transcripts. Despite the complete absence of microglia, there was little overt phenotype in brain, aside from reduced myelination and increased expression of dopamine receptor-associated transcripts in striatum. The results highlight the redundant and nonredundant functions of CSF1R signaling and of macrophages in development, organogenesis, and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pridans
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; .,The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma M Davis
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Alves
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Regan
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Meek
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Sutherland
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Thomson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,New World Laboratories, Laval, Quebec H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Sara Clohisey
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bush
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rocío Rojo
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Zofia M Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle R Upton
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Ting Tsai
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Brown
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B Smith
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2309, Australia; and
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Piccardo
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Cheeseman
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Burdon
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; .,Mater Research-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ji S, Xin H, Li Y, Su EJ. FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1) is a key regulator of fetoplacental endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Placenta 2018; 70:7-14. [PMID: 30316329 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetoplacental angiogenesis plays a vital role in pregnancy outcome. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is one major regulator of angiogenesis. It primarily binds to FMS-like tyrosine kinase (FLT1) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR). In most vascular beds, KDR appears to be the main mediator of angiogenesis. However, the role of both receptors within the human placenta remains unknown. METHODS Human fetoplacental ECs were isolated/cultured from placentas of full-term, uncomplicated pregnancies after scheduled Cesarean section. Cells were subjected to RNA interference of either FLT1 or KDR followed by MTT, wound scratch, and tube formation assays. ECs were serum-starved after RNA interference and treated with VEGFA (60 ng/ml), then subjected to western blot to investigate FLT1 or KDR-mediated signaling. All experiments were performed in triplicate utilizing ECs from at least three separate subjects. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc testing was utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS Significant knock-down of FLT1 and KDR was confirmed by qPCR (p < 0.01) and WB (p < 0.0001). KDR knock-down decreased EC metabolic activity (p < 0.01), and FLT1 ablation unexpectedly increased EC proliferation (p < 0.01). There was no difference in apoptosis regardless of FLT-1 or KDR knock-down. FLT1 knock-down significantly impaired wound scratch closure (p < 0.0001) and tube formation (p < 0.001). Surprisingly, KDR effects on EC metabolism had no effect on migration, although KDR was important in VEGFA-stimulated Akt and ERK activation. In contrast, FLT1 effects on EC motility were Akt and ERK-independent. CONCLUSION Human fetoplacental EC migration is primarily regulated by FLT1 but not KDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhan Ji
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong Xin
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yingchun Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily J Su
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao G, Huang BL, Rigueur D, Wang W, Bhoot C, Charles KR, Baek J, Mohan S, Jiang J, Lyons KM. CYR61/CCN1 Regulates Sclerostin Levels and Bone Maintenance. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1076-1089. [PMID: 29351359 PMCID: PMC6002906 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CYR61/CCN1 is a matricellular protein that resides in the extracellular matrix, but serves regulatory rather than structural roles. CYR61/CCN1 is found in mineralized tissues and has been shown to influence bone healing in vivo and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In this study we generated Cyr61 bone-specific knockout mice to examine the physiological role of CYR61/CCN1 in bone development and maintenance in vivo. Extensive analysis of Cyr61 conditional knockout mice showed a significant decrease in both trabecular and cortical bone mass as compared to WT littermates. Our data suggest that CYR61/CCN1 exerts its effects on mature osteoblast/osteocyte function to modulate bone mass. Specifically, changes were observed in osteocyte/osteoblast expression of RankL, VegfA, and Sost. The increase in RankL expression was correlated with a significant increase in osteoclast number; decreased VegfA expression was correlated with a significant decrease in bone vasculature; increased Sost expression was associated with decreased Wnt signaling, as revealed by decreased Axin2 expression and increased adiposity in the bone marrow. Although the decreased number of vascular elements in bone likely contributes to the low bone mass phenotype in Cyr61 conditional knockout mice, this cannot explain the observed increase in osteoclasts and the decrease in Wnt signaling. We conducted in vitro assays using UMR-106 osteosarcoma cells to explore the role CYR61/CCN1 plays in modulating Sost mRNA and protein expression in osteocytes and osteoblasts. Overexpression of CYR61/CCN1 can suppress Sost expression in both control and Cyr61 knockout cells, and blocking Sost with siRNA can rescue Wnt responsiveness in Cyr61 knockout cells in vitro. Overall, our data suggest that CYR61/CCN1 modulates mature osteoblast and osteocyte function to regulate bone mass through angiogenic effects as well as by modulating Wnt signaling, at least in part through the Wnt antagonist Sost. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gexin Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bau-Lin Huang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Diana Rigueur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weiguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chimay Bhoot
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kemberly R Charles
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jongseung Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis Memorial VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Hemophilia Treatment Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen M Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Hemophilia Treatment Center, Orthopaedic Institute for Children, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Subarnbhesaj A, Miyauchi M, Chanbora C, Mikuriya A, Nguyen PT, Furusho H, Ayuningtyas NF, Fujita M, Toratani S, Takechi M, Niida S, Takata T. Roles of VEGF-Flt-1 signaling in malignant behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187092. [PMID: 29149180 PMCID: PMC5693288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly specific signaling protein for vascular endothelial cells that plays a critical role in tumor growth and invasion through angiogenesis, and may contribute to cell migration and activation of pre-osteoclasts, osteoclasts and some tumor cells. Objectives We aimed to clarify the detailed roles of VEGF-Flt-1 signaling in bone invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. Results Forty-two (42) of 54 cases with gingival SCC (77.8%) strongly expressed VEGF, and had a significantly increased number of Flt-1+ osteoclasts (p<0.01) and more aggressive bone invasion (p<0.05). PlGF, a ligand of Flt-1, induced osteoclastogenesis in single culture of bone marrow cells (BMCs), and inhibition of Flt-1-signaling by VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor and It’s down stream (Akt and ERK1/2) inhibitos reduced osteoclastogenesis in PlGF-stimulated BMCs (p<0.01). In molecular level, PlGF stimulation significantly upregulated RANKL expression in Flt-1-expressing HSC2 cells via phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. In the co-culture of VEGF-producing HSC2 cells and BMCs, number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts markedly increased (p<0.01). The osteoclastogenesis was significantly inhibited by RANKL-neutralizing antibody (p<0.01) as well as by VEGF tyrosine kinase inhibitor (p<0.01) and it’s downstream (Akt and ERK1/2) inhibitors (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Conclusion VEGF-Flt-1 signaling induces osteoclastogenesis in OSCC through two possible ways: 1) VEGF produced from OSCC cells can directly stimulate the Flt-1 pathway in preosteoclasts to induce migration to future bone resorbing area and differentiation into osteoclasts, and 2) VEGF-Flt-1 signaling upregulates RANKL expression in OSCC cells, which indirectly leads to osteoclast differentiation. Therefore, blocking of the VEGF-Flt-1 signaling may help inhibit bone invasion of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajiravudh Subarnbhesaj
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (MM); (TT)
| | - Chea Chanbora
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Aki Mikuriya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Phuong Thao Nguyen
- Department of Global Dental Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Integrated Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nurina Febriyanti Ayuningtyas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Toratani
- Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takechi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Biobank, Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (MM); (TT)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Transcriptional mechanisms that control expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor locus. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2161-2182. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20170238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cells of the macrophage lineage depends upon signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) receptor (CSF1R). CSF1R is expressed by embryonic macrophages and induced early in adult hematopoiesis, upon commitment of multipotent progenitors to the myeloid lineage. Transcriptional activation of CSF1R requires interaction between members of the E26 transformation-specific family of transcription factors (Ets) (notably PU.1), C/EBP, RUNX, AP-1/ATF, interferon regulatory factor (IRF), STAT, KLF, REL, FUS/TLS (fused in sarcoma/ranslocated in liposarcoma) families, and conserved regulatory elements within the mouse and human CSF1R locus. One element, the Fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE), within intron 2, is conserved functionally across all the amniotes. Lineage commitment in multipotent progenitors also requires down-regulation of specific transcription factors such as MYB, FLI1, basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like (BATF3), GATA-1, and PAX5 that contribute to differentiation of alternative lineages and repress CSF1R transcription. Many of these transcription factors regulate each other, interact at the protein level, and are themselves downstream targets of CSF1R signaling. Control of CSF1R transcription involves feed–forward and feedback signaling in which CSF1R is both a target and a participant; and dysregulation of CSF1R expression and/or function is associated with numerous pathological conditions. In this review, we describe the regulatory network behind CSF1R expression during differentiation and development of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Collapse
|
14
|
Yamamoto S, Muramatsu M, Azuma E, Ikutani M, Nagai Y, Sagara H, Koo BN, Kita S, O'Donnell E, Osawa T, Takahashi H, Takano KI, Dohmoto M, Sugimori M, Usui I, Watanabe Y, Hatakeyama N, Iwamoto T, Komuro I, Takatsu K, Tobe K, Niida S, Matsuda N, Shibuya M, Sasahara M. A subset of cerebrovascular pericytes originates from mature macrophages in the very early phase of vascular development in CNS. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634350 PMCID: PMC5478595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are believed to originate from either mesenchymal or neural crest cells. It has recently been reported that pericytes play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) by regulating blood-brain barrier homeostasis and blood flow at the capillary level. However, the origin of CNS microvascular pericytes and the mechanism of their recruitment remain unknown. Here, we show a new source of cerebrovascular pericytes during neurogenesis. In the CNS of embryonic day 10.5 mouse embryos, CD31+F4/80+ hematopoietic lineage cells were observed in the avascular region around the dorsal midline of the developing midbrain. These cells expressed additional macrophage markers such as CD206 and CD11b. Moreover, the CD31+F4/80+ cells phagocytosed apoptotic cells as functionally matured macrophages, adhered to the newly formed subventricular vascular plexus, and then divided into daughter cells. Eventually, these CD31+F4/80+ cells transdifferentiated into NG2/PDGFRβ/desmin-expressing cerebrovascular pericytes, enwrapping and associating with vascular endothelial cells. These data indicate that a subset of cerebrovascular pericytes derive from mature macrophages in the very early phase of CNS vascular development, which in turn are recruited from sites of embryonic hematopoiesis such as the yolk sac by way of blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Masashi Muramatsu
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Erika Azuma
- Department of Pathology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Technology Development, Astellas Pharma Tech Co., Ltd., Toyama, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikutani
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sagara
- Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Satomi Kita
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Erin O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Laboratry for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Division for Health Service Promotion, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Departments of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Mitsuko Dohmoto
- Genome Biotechnology Laboratory, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Michiya Sugimori
- Department of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Isao Usui
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Watanabe
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Nursing, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Noboru Hatakeyama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takatsu
- Department of Immunobiology and Pharmacological Genetics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tobe
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shumpei Niida
- Medical Genome Center, Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Department of Research and Education, Jobu University, Gunma, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Macrophages are found in all tissues and regulate tissue morphogenesis during development through trophic and scavenger functions. The colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R) is the major regulator of tissue macrophage development and maintenance. In combination with receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), the CSF-1R also regulates the differentiation of the bone-resorbing osteoclast and controls bone remodeling during embryonic and early postnatal development. CSF-1R-regulated macrophages play trophic and remodeling roles in development. Outside the mononuclear phagocytic system, the CSF-1R directly regulates neuronal survival and differentiation, the development of intestinal Paneth cells and of preimplantation embryos, as well as trophoblast innate immune function. Consistent with the pleiotropic roles of the receptor during development, CSF-1R deficiency in most mouse strains causes embryonic or perinatal death and the surviving mice exhibit multiple developmental and functional deficits. The CSF-1R is activated by two dimeric glycoprotein ligands, CSF-1, and interleukin-34 (IL-34). Homozygous Csf1-null mutations phenocopy most of the deficits of Csf1r-null mice. In contrast, Il34-null mice have no gross phenotype, except for decreased numbers of Langerhans cells and microglia, indicating that CSF-1 plays the major developmental role. Homozygous inactivating mutations of the Csf1r or its ligands have not been reported in man. However, heterozygous inactivating mutations in the Csf1r lead to a dominantly inherited adult-onset progressive dementia, highlighting the importance of CSF-1R signaling in the brain.
Collapse
|
16
|
Siao-Pin S, Damian LO, Muntean LM, Rednic S. Acroosteolysis in systemic sclerosis: An insight into hypoxia-related pathogenesis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3459-3463. [PMID: 27882179 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acro-osteolysis, or bony resorption of the terminal digital tufts, is a well-recognized, but under-researched, feature of systemic sclerosis. The mechanisms that disturbs local homeostatic balance of bone formation and resorption in favor of osteoclast activation and pathological bone loss remain to be established. Vascular alterations and reduced capillary density impair tissue oxygenation in systemic sclerosis, and the resulting hypoxia might contribute directly to the disease progression. In this paper we summarize the current evidence for hypoxia as the common pathophysiological denominator of digital vasculopathy and enhanced osteoclastic activity in systemic sclerosis-associated acroosteolysis. The hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1α and VEGF signaling has a critical role in regulating osteoclastic bone-resorption and angiogenesis, and increased osteoclastogenesis and higher VEGF levels may contribute to acroosteolysis in systemic sclerosis. The cells of the osteoblast lineage also have important roles in angiogenic-osteogenic coupling. The research in this field might help limiting the disability associated with the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Siao-Pin
- Rheumatology Department, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura-Otilia Damian
- Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Mirela Muntean
- Rheumatology Department, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Rednic
- Rheumatology Department, 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Rheumatology Department, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marsano A, Medeiros da Cunha CM, Ghanaati S, Gueven S, Centola M, Tsaryk R, Barbeck M, Stuedle C, Barbero A, Helmrich U, Schaeren S, Kirkpatrick JC, Banfi A, Martin I. Spontaneous In Vivo Chondrogenesis of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells by Blocking Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1730-1738. [PMID: 27460852 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
: Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be induced by presenting morphogenetic factors or soluble signals but typically suffers from limited efficiency, reproducibility across primary batches, and maintenance of phenotypic stability. Considering the avascular and hypoxic milieu of articular cartilage, we hypothesized that sole inhibition of angiogenesis can provide physiological cues to direct in vivo differentiation of uncommitted MSCs to stable cartilage formation. Human MSCs were retrovirally transduced to express a decoy soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (sFlk1), which efficiently sequesters endogenous VEGF in vivo, seeded on collagen sponges and immediately implanted ectopically in nude mice. Although naïve cells formed vascularized fibrous tissue, sFlk1-MSCs abolished vascular ingrowth into engineered constructs, which efficiently and reproducibly developed into hyaline cartilage. The generated cartilage was phenotypically stable and showed no sign of hypertrophic evolution up to 12 weeks. In vitro analyses indicated that spontaneous chondrogenic differentiation by blockade of angiogenesis was related to the generation of a hypoxic environment, in turn activating the transforming growth factor-β pathway. These findings suggest that VEGF blockade is a robust strategy to enhance cartilage repair by endogenous or grafted mesenchymal progenitors. This article outlines the general paradigm of controlling the fate of implanted stem/progenitor cells by engineering their ability to establish specific microenvironmental conditions rather than directly providing individual morphogenic cues. SIGNIFICANCE Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) is typically targeted by morphogen delivery, which is often associated with limited efficiency, stability, and robustness. This article proposes a strategy to engineer MSCs with the capacity to establish specific microenvironmental conditions, supporting their own targeted differentiation program. Sole blockade of angiogenesis mediated by transduction for sFlk-1, without delivery of additional morphogens, is sufficient for inducing MSC chondrogenic differentiation. The findings represent a relevant step forward in the field because the method allowed reducing interdonor variability in MSC differentiation efficiency and, importantly, onset of a stable, nonhypertrophic chondrocyte phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marsano
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolina M Medeiros da Cunha
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department for Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sinan Gueven
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Matteo Centola
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Tsaryk
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mike Barbeck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department for Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Chiara Stuedle
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uta Helmrich
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schaeren
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hamilton JL, Nagao M, Levine BR, Chen D, Olsen BR, Im HJ. Targeting VEGF and Its Receptors for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis and Associated Pain. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:911-24. [PMID: 27163679 PMCID: PMC4863467 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels are associated with osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Indeed, VEGF appears to be involved in OA-specific pathologies including cartilage degeneration, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone cysts and sclerosis, synovitis, and pain. Moreover, a wide range of studies suggest that inhibition of VEGF signaling reduces OA progression. This review highlights both the potential significance of VEGF in OA pathology and pain, as well as potential benefits of inhibition of VEGF and its receptors as an OA treatment. With the emergence of the clinical use of anti-VEGF therapy outside of OA, both as high-dose systemic treatments and low-dose local treatments, these particular therapies are now more widely understood. Currently, there is no established disease-modifying drug available for patients with OA, which warrants continued study of the inhibition of VEGF signaling in OA, as stand-alone or adjuvant therapy. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Hamilton
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masashi Nagao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brett R Levine
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bjorn R Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hee-Jeong Im
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Internal Medicine Section of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arantes RVN, Cestari TM, Viscelli BA, Dionísio TJ, Garlet GP, Santos CF, de Assis GF, Taga R. Meloxicam temporally inhibits the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 during alveolar bone repair in rats. J Periodontol 2016; 86:162-72. [PMID: 25327303 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role during angiogenesis and bone repair. This study investigated whether the use of meloxicam alters bone repair via downregulation of VEGF and receptor expression. METHODS One hundred twenty male Wistar rats had their maxillary right incisor extracted. Animals were divided into a control group (CG; n = 60) and a meloxicam-treated group (TG; n = 60) that received either a single daily intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% NaCl or meloxicam 3 mg/kg, respectively, for 7 consecutive days. Alveolar bone repair was evaluated histomorphometrically, whereas VEGF and its receptors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test with P < 0.05. RESULTS Bone volume density increased significantly (P = 0.001) in both groups with a strong correlation between treatment and periods (P = 0.003). In the TG, a small amount of bone formation occurred compared with the CG between 3 and 21 days. No significant differences in the number of VEGF-positive cells per square millimeter (P = 0.07) and VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (P = 0.49) were found between groups. Immunostained cells per square millimeter and mRNA expression for VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001) and VEGFR-2 (P < 0.001 for both analysis) showed a strong interaction between treatment groups and periods. In the TG, immunostained cells per square millimeter and mRNA expression for VEGFR-1 were, respectively, 89% and 37% lower from 3 to 10 days compared with the CG, whereas for VEGFR-2, these values were 252% and 60%, respectively, from 3 to 7 days. CONCLUSION In rat alveolar bone repair, meloxicam did not affect VEGF expression but downregulated VEGFR expression, which may cause a delay in the bone repair/remodeling process.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Y, Deng LZ, Sun HP, Xu JY, Li YM, Xie X, Zhang LM, Deng FL. Sustained dual release of placental growth factor-2 and bone morphogenic protein-2 from heparin-based nanocomplexes for direct osteogenesis. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1147-58. [PMID: 27042064 PMCID: PMC4809329 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the direct osteogenic effect between placental growth factor-2 (PlGF-2) and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). METHODS Three groups of PlGF-2/BMP-2-loaded heparin-N-(2-hydroxyl) propyl-3-trimethyl ammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) nanocomplexes were prepared: those with 0.5 μg PlGF-2; with 1.0 μg BMP-2; and with 0.5 μg PlGF-2 combined with 1.0 μg BMP-2. The loading efficiencies and release profiles of these growth factors (GFs) in this nanocomplex system were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, their biological activities were evaluated using cell counting kit-8, cell morphology, and cell number counting assays, and their osteogenic activities were quantified using alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining assays. RESULTS The loading efficiencies were more than 99% for the nanocomplexes loaded with just PlGF-2 and for those loaded with both PlGF-2 and BMP-2. For the nanocomplex loaded with just BMP-2, the loading efficiency was more than 97%. About 83%-84% of PlGF-2 and 89%-91% of BMP-2 were stably retained on the nanocomplexes for at least 21 days. In in vitro biological assays, PlGF-2 exhibited osteogenic effects comparable to those of BMP-2 despite its dose in the experiments being lower than that of BMP-2. Moreover, the results implied that heparin-based nanocomplexes encapsulating two GFs have enhanced potential in the enhancement of osteoblast function. CONCLUSION PlGF-2-loaded heparin-HTCC nanocomplexes may constitute a promising system for bone regeneration. Moreover, the dual delivery of PlGF-2 and BMP-2 appears to have greater potential in bone tissue regeneration than the delivery of either GFs alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhi Deng
- PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; GDHPPC Lab, Institute of Polymer Science, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Sun
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yun Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ming Zhang
- PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; GDHPPC Lab, Institute of Polymer Science, Department of Polymer and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Long Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Amano H, Kato S, Ito Y, Eshima K, Ogawa F, Takahashi R, Sekiguchi K, Tamaki H, Sakagami H, Shibuya M, Majima M. The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Signaling in the Recovery from Ischemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131445. [PMID: 26133989 PMCID: PMC4489890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most potent angiogenesis stimulators. VEGF binds to VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1), inducing angiogenesis through the receptor’s tyrosine kinase domain (TK), but the mechanism is not well understood. We investigated the role of VEGFR1 tyrosine kinase signaling in angiogenesis using the ischemic hind limb model. Relative to control mice, blood flow recovery was significantly impaired in mice treated with VEGFA-neutralizing antibody. VEGFR1 tyrosine kinase knockout mice (TK-/-) had delayed blood flow recovery from ischemia and impaired angiogenesis, and this phenotype was unaffected by treatment with a VEGFR2 inhibitor. Compared to wild type mice (WT), TK-/- mice had no change in the plasma level of VEGF, but the plasma levels of stromal-derived cell factor 1 (SDF-1) and stem cell factor, as well as the bone marrow (BM) level of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 (pro-MMP-9), were significantly reduced. The recruitment of cells expressing VEGFR1 and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) into peripheral blood and ischemic muscles was also suppressed. Furthermore, WT transplanted with TK-/- BM significantly impaired blood flow recovery more than WT transplanted with WT BM. These results suggest that VEGFR1-TK signaling facilitates angiogenesis by recruiting CXCR4+VEGFR1+ cells from BM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Amano
- Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kato
- Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Departments of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koji Eshima
- Departments of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ogawa
- Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Takahashi
- Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sekiguchi
- Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tamaki
- Departments of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Departments of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masabumi Shibuya
- Gakubunkan Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Departments of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail: -.u.ac.jp
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gealh WC, Pereira CCS, Luvizuto ER, Garcia-Júnior IR, Antoniali C, Okamoto R. Healing Process of Autogenous Bone Graft in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Treated With Losartan: An Immunohistochemical and Histomorphometric Study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 72:2569-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
24
|
Zhu X, Wang F, Zhao Y, Yang P, Chen J, Sun H, Liu L, Li W, Pan L, Guo Y, Kou Z, Zhang Y, Zhou C, He J, Zhang X, Li J, Han W, Li J, Liu G, Gao S, Yang Z. A gain-of-function mutation in Tnni2 impeded bone development through increasing Hif3a expression in DA2B mice. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004589. [PMID: 25340332 PMCID: PMC4207604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal arthrogryposis type 2B (DA2B) is an important genetic disorder in humans. However, the mechanisms governing this disease are not clearly understood. In this study, we generated knock-in mice carrying a DA2B mutation (K175del) in troponin I type 2 (skeletal, fast) (TNNI2), which encodes a fast-twitch skeletal muscle protein. Tnni2K175del mice (referred to as DA2B mice) showed typical DA2B phenotypes, including limb abnormality and small body size. However, the current knowledge concerning TNNI2 could not explain the small body phenotype of DA2B mice. We found that Tnni2 was expressed in the osteoblasts and chondrocytes of long bone growth plates. Expression profile analysis using radii and ulnae demonstrated that Hif3a expression was significantly increased in the Tnni2K175del mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that both wild-type and mutant tnni2 protein can bind to the Hif3a promoter using mouse primary osteoblasts. Moreover, we showed that the mutant tnni2 protein had a higher capacity to transactivate Hif3a than the wild-type protein. The increased amount of hif3a resulted in impairment of angiogenesis, delay in endochondral ossification, and decrease in chondrocyte differentiation and osteoblast proliferation, suggesting that hif3a counteracted hif1a-induced Vegf expression in DA2B mice. Together, our data indicated that Tnni2K175del mutation led to abnormally increased hif3a and decreased vegf in bone, which explain, at least in part, the small body size of Tnni2K175del mice. Furthermore, our findings revealed a new function of tnni2 in the regulation of bone development, and the study of gain-of-function mutation in Tnni2 in transgenic mice opens a new avenue to understand the pathological mechanism of human DA2B disorder. Distal arthrogryposis type 2B (DA2B) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. The typical clinical features of DA2B include hand and/or foot contracture and shortness of stature in patients. To date, mutations in TNNI2 can explain approximately 20% of familial incidences of DA2B. TNNI2 encodes a subunit of the Tn complex, which is required for calcium-dependent fast twitch muscle fiber contraction. In the absence of Ca2+ ions, TNNI2 impedes sarcomere contraction. Here, we reported a knock-in mouse carrying a DA2B mutation TNNI2 (K175del) had typical limb abnormality and small body size that observed in human DA2B. However, the small body did not seem to be convincingly explained using the present knowledge of TNNI2 associated skeletal muscle contraction. Our findings showed that the Tnni2K175del mutation impaired bone development of Tnni2K175del mice. Our data further showed that the mutant tnni2 protein had a higher capacity to transactivate Hif3a than the wild-type protein and led to a reduction in Vegf expression in bone of DA2B mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the disease-associated Tnni2K175del mutation caused bone defects, which accounted for, at least in part, the small body size of Tnni2K175del mice. Our data also suggested, for the first time, a novel role of tnni2 in the regulation of bone development of mice by affecting Hif-vegf signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Hanzi Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Clinical Institute of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanru Guo
- Clinical Institute of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Kou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Xue Zhang
- Center for Genetic Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Liaoning, China
| | - Weitian Han
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (SG); (ZY)
| | - Ze Yang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SG); (ZY)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McCoy RJ, Widaa A, Watters KM, Wuerstle M, Stallings RL, Duffy GP, O'Brien FJ. Orchestrating osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells--identification of placental growth factor as a mechanosensitive gene with a pro-osteogenic role. Stem Cells 2014; 31:2420-31. [PMID: 23897668 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skeletogenesis is initiated during fetal development and persists through adult life as either a remodeling process in response to homeostatic regulation or as a regenerative process in response to physical injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role providing progenitor cells from which osteoblasts, bone matrix forming cells are differentiated. The mechanical environment plays an important role in regulating stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts, however, the mechanisms by which MSCs respond to mechanical stimuli are yet to be fully elucidated. To increase understanding of MSC mechanotransuction and osteogenic differentiation, this study aimed to identify novel, mechanically augmented genes and pathways with pro-osteogenic functionality. Using collagen glycoaminoglycan scaffolds as mimics of native extracellular matrix, to create a 3D environment more representative of that found in bone, MSC-seeded constructs were mechanically stimulated in a flow-perfusion bioreactor. Global gene expression profiling techniques were used to identify potential candidates warranting further investigation. Of these, placental growth factor (PGF) was selected and expression levels were shown to strongly correlate to both the magnitude and duration of mechanical stimulation. We demonstrated that PGF gene expression was modulated through an actin polymerization-mediated mechanism. The functional role of PGF in modulating MSC osteogenic differentiation was interrogated, and we showed a concentration-dependent response whereby low concentrations exhibited the strongest pro-osteogenic effect. Furthermore, pre-osteoclast migration and differentiation, as well as endothelial cell tubule formation also maintained concentration-dependent responses to PGF, suggesting a potential role for PGF in bone resorption and angiogenesis, processes key to bone remodeling and fracture repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J McCoy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptor (VEGFR) system has been shown to play central roles not only in physiological angiogenesis, but also in pathological angiogenesis in diseases such as cancer. Based on these findings, a variety of anti-angiogenic drugs, including anti-VEGF antibodies and VEGFR/multi-receptor kinase inhibitors have been developed and approved for the clinical use. While the clinical efficacy of these drugs has been clearly demonstrated in cancer patients, they have not been shown to be effective in curing cancer, suggesting that further improvement in their design is necessary. Abnormal expression of an endogenous VEGF-inhibitor sFlt-1 has been shown to be involved in a variety of diseases, such as preeclampsia and aged macular degeneration. In addition, various factors modulating angiogenic processes have been recently isolated. Given this complexity then, extensive studies on the interrelationship between VEGF signals and other angiogenesis-regulatory systems will be important for developing future strategies to suppress diseases with an angiogenic component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masabumi Shibuya
- Jobu University, Director, Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Gunma 372-8588 ; Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of Molecular Oncology, Tokyo 113-8519 ; University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou Y, Guan X, Yu M, Wang X, Zhu W, Wang C, Yu M, Wang H. Angiogenic/osteogenic response of BMMSCs on bone-derived scaffold: effect of hypoxia and role of PI3K/Akt-mediated VEGF-VEGFR pathway. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:944-53. [PMID: 24421279 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue deficiency is a common clinical challenge. Tissue-engineered bone constructs are an effective approach for the repair of orthopedic bone defects. Mimicking the essential components of the in vivo microenvironment is an efficient way to develop functional constructs. In this study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) were seeded into bone-derived scaffolds, a material with similar structure to natural bone. This was done under hypoxic conditions, an environment that imitates that experienced by BMMSCs in vivo. Our data indicate that hypoxia (5% O2 ) significantly increases the proliferation of BMMSCs seeded in scaffolds. As reflected by highly expressed osteogenesis- and angiogenesis-associated biomarkers, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), RUNX2, bone morphogenetic protein-2/4 and osteopontin, hypoxia also significantly increases the osteogenic and angiogenic responses of BMMSCs seeded into bone-derived scaffold composites. PI3K/Akt-mediated regulation of VEGF-activated VEGFR1/2 signaling is important for hypoxia-induced proliferative/osteogenic/angiogenic responses in BMMSC cellular scaffolds. The combination of bone-derived scaffolds and hypoxia is conducive to the differentiation of BMMSCs into functional tissue-engineered scaffold composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Varricchio L, Mancini A, Migliaccio AR. Pathological interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their niche revealed by mouse models of primary myelofibrosis. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 2:315-334. [PMID: 20352017 DOI: 10.1586/ehm.09.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) belongs to the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and is a hematological disorder caused by abnormal function of the hematopoietic stem cells. The disease manifests itself with a plethora of alterations, including anemia, splenomegaly and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Its hallmarks are progressive marrow fibrosis and atypical megakaryocytic hyperplasia, two distinctive features used to clinically monitor disease progression. In an attempt to investigate the role of abnormal megakaryocytopoiesis in the pathogenesis of PMF, several transgenic mouse models have been generated. These models are based either on mutations that interfere with the extrinsic (thrombopoietin and its receptor, MPL) and intrinsic (the GATA1 transcription factor) control of normal megakaryocytopoiesis, or on known genetic lesions associated with the human disease. Here we provide an up-to-date review on the insights into the pathobiology of human PMF achieved by studying these animal models, with particular emphasis on results obtained with Gata1(low) mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Varricchio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1079, New York, NY 10029, USA Tel.: +1 212 241 6974
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) in vertebrates play essential roles in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGFRs belong to the receptor-type tyrosine kinase (RTK) supergene family. They consist of a ligand-binding region with seven immunoglobulin (7 Ig) -like domains, a trans-membrane (TM) domain, and a tyrosine kinase (TK) domain with a long kinase insert (KI) (also known as a type-V RTK). Structurally, VEGFRs are distantly related to the members of the M-colony stimulating factor receptor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (CSFR)/(PDGFR) family, which have five immunoglobulin (5 Ig)-like domains. However, signal transduction in VEGFRs significantly differs from that in M-CSFR/PDGFRs. VEGFR2, the major signal transducer for angiogenesis, preferentially uses the phospholipase Cγ-protein kinase C (PLC-γ-PKC)-MAPK pathway, whereas M-CSFR/PDGFRs use the PI3 kinase-Ras-MAPK pathway for cell proliferation. In phylogenetic development, the VEGFR-like receptor in nonvertebrates appears to be the ancestor of the 7 Ig- and 5 Ig-RTK families because most nonvertebrates have only a single 7 Ig-RTK gene. In mammals, VEGFRs are deeply involved in pathological angiogenesis, including cancer and inflammation. Thus, an efficient inhibitor targeting VEGFRs could be useful in suppressing various diseases.
Collapse
|
30
|
Kapetanovic R, Fairbairn L, Downing A, Beraldi D, Sester DP, Freeman TC, Tuggle CK, Archibald AL, Hume DA. The impact of breed and tissue compartment on the response of pig macrophages to lipopolysaccharide. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:581. [PMID: 23984833 PMCID: PMC3766131 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The draft genome of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) has recently been published permitting refined analysis of the transcriptome. Pig breeds have been reported to differ in their resistance to infectious disease. In this study we examine whether there are corresponding differences in gene expression in innate immune cells RESULTS We demonstrate that macrophages can be harvested from three different compartments of the pig (lungs, blood and bone-marrow), cryopreserved and subsequently recovered and differentiated in CSF-1. We have performed surface marker analysis and gene expression profiling on macrophages from these compartments, comparing twenty-five animals from five different breeds and their response to lipopolysaccharide. The results provide a clear distinction between alveolar macrophages (AM) and monocyte-derived (MDM) and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). In particular, the lung macrophages express the growth factor, FLT1 and its ligand, VEGFA at high levels, suggesting a distinct pathway of growth regulation. Relatively few genes showed breed-specific differential expression, notably CXCR2 and CD302 in alveolar macrophages. In contrast, there was substantial inter-individual variation between pigs within breeds, mostly affecting genes annotated as being involved in immune responses. CONCLUSIONS Pig macrophages more closely resemble human, than mouse, in their set of macrophage-expressed and LPS-inducible genes. Future research will address whether inter-individual variation in macrophage gene expression is heritable, and might form the basis for selective breeding for disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Kapetanovic
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey Fairbairn
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81679, Munich, Germany
| | - Alison Downing
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Beraldi
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - David P Sester
- Innate Immunity Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alan L Archibald
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Schipani E, Wu C, Rankin EB, Giaccia AJ. Regulation of Bone Marrow Angiogenesis by Osteoblasts during Bone Development and Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:85. [PMID: 23847596 PMCID: PMC3706978 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is a highly heterogeneous and vascularized tissue. The various cell types populating the bone marrow extensively communicate with each other, and cell-to-cell cross talk is likely to be essential for proper bone development and homeostasis. In particular, the existence of osteogenesis and angiogenesis coupling has been recently proposed. Despite its high degree of vascularization, a gradient of oxygenation is present in the bone marrow, and the endosteal surface of cortical bone appears to be among the most hypoxic areas in the body. Oxygen (O2) is both an essential metabolic substrate and a regulatory signal that is in charge of a specific genetic program. An important component of this program is the family of transcription factors known as hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). In this Perspective, we will summarize our current knowledge about the role of the HIF signaling pathway in controlling bone development and homeostasis, and especially in regulating the crosstalk between osteoblasts, progenitor cells, and bone marrow blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Schipani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University Medical School, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- *Correspondence: Ernestina Schipani, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, R3, Room C104, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA e-mail: ; Amato J. Giaccia, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CCSR-South, Room 1255, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94303-5152, USA e-mail:
| | - Collen Wu
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erinn B. Rankin
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Ernestina Schipani, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 West Walnut Street, R3, Room C104, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA e-mail: ; Amato J. Giaccia, Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, CCSR-South, Room 1255, 269 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94303-5152, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Krishnan B, Smith TL, Dubey P, Zapadka ME, Torti FM, Willingham MC, Tallant EA, Gallagher PE. Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates metastatic prostate cancer and reduces osteoclastogenesis. Prostate 2013; 73:71-82. [PMID: 22644942 PMCID: PMC3842188 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous, heptapeptide hormone with anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Ang-(1-7) effectively reduces prostate cancer metastasis in mice. METHODS Human PC3 prostate cancer cells were injected into the aortic arch via the carotid artery of SCID mice pre-treated with Ang-(1-7) or injected into the tibia of athymic mice, administered Ang-(1-7) for 5 weeks beginning 2 weeks post-injection. Tumor growth and volume were determined by bioluminescent and magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of tumors was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin staining; TRAP histochemistry was used to identify osteolytic lesions. The effect of Ang-(1-7) on osteoclastogenesis was assessed in differentiated bone marrow cells. RESULTS Pre-treatment with Ang-(1-7) prevented metastatic tumor formation following intra-aortic injection of PC3 cells, while 83% of untreated mice developed tumors in metastatic sites. Circulating VEGF was significantly higher in control mice compared to mice administered Ang-(1-7). A 5-week regimen of the heptapeptide hormone attenuated intra-tibial tumor growth; Ang-(1-7) was significantly higher in the tibia of treated mice than in control animals. Osteoclastogenesis was reduced by 50% in bone marrow cells differentiated in the presence of Ang-(1-7), suggesting that the heptapeptide hormone prevents the formation of osteolytic lesions to reduce tumor survival in the bone microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) may serve as an anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic agent for advanced prostate cancer. By extension, the heptapeptide hormone may provide effective therapy for bone metastasis produced from primary tumors of the lung and breast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Krishnan
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Thomas L. Smith
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Michael. E. Zapadka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Frank M. Torti
- Department of Cancer Biology Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Mark C. Willingham
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - E. Ann Tallant
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
- Molecular Genetics & Genomics Program, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Patricia E. Gallagher
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jin J, Sison K, Li C, Tian R, Wnuk M, Sung HK, Jeansson M, Zhang C, Tucholska M, Jones N, Kerjaschki D, Shibuya M, Fantus IG, Nagy A, Gerber HP, Ferrara N, Pawson T, Quaggin SE. Soluble FLT1 binds lipid microdomains in podocytes to control cell morphology and glomerular barrier function. Cell 2012; 151:384-99. [PMID: 23063127 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, FLK1/KDR and FLT1, are key regulators of angiogenesis. Unlike FLK1/KDR, the role of FLT1 has remained elusive. FLT1 is produced as soluble (sFLT1) and full-length isoforms. Here, we show that pericytes from multiple tissues produce sFLT1. To define the biologic role of sFLT1, we chose the glomerular microvasculature as a model system. Deletion of Flt1 from specialized glomerular pericytes, known as podocytes, causes reorganization of their cytoskeleton with massive proteinuria and kidney failure, characteristic features of nephrotic syndrome in humans. The kinase-deficient allele of Flt1 rescues this phenotype, demonstrating dispensability of the full-length isoform. Using cell imaging, proteomics, and lipidomics, we show that sFLT1 binds to the glycosphingolipid GM3 in lipid rafts on the surface of podocytes, promoting adhesion and rapid actin reorganization. sFLT1 also regulates pericyte function in vessels outside of the kidney. Our findings demonstrate an autocrine function for sFLT1 to control pericyte behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shibuya M. Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor system: physiological functions in angiogenesis and pathological roles in various diseases. J Biochem 2012; 153:13-9. [PMID: 23172303 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) belong to the platelet-derived growth factor supergene family, and they play central roles in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGF-A, the major factor for angiogenesis, binds to two tyrosine kinase (TK) receptors, VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), and regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration, vascular permeability, secretion and other endothelial functions. VEGFR-2 exhibits a strong TK activity towards pro-angiogenic signals, whereas the soluble VEGFR-1 (sFlt-1) functions as an endogenous VEGF inhibitor. sFlt-1 is abnormally overexpressed in the placenta of preeclampsia patients, resulting in the major symptoms of the disease due to abnormal trapping of VEGFs. The VEGF-VEGFR system is crucial for tumour angiogenesis, and anti-VEGF-VEGFR molecules are now widely used in the clinical field to treat cancer patients. The efficacy of these molecules in prolonging the overall survival of patients has been established; however, some cancers do not respond well and reduced tumour sensitivity to anti-VEGF signals may occur after long-term treatment. The molecular basis of tumour refractoriness should be determined to improve anti-angiogenic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masabumi Shibuya
- Gakubunkan Institute of Physiology and Medicine, Jobu University, 270-1 Shinmachi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1393, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Clarkin CE, Gerstenfeld LC. VEGF and bone cell signalling: an essential vessel for communication? Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:1-11. [PMID: 23129289 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an endothelial cell survival factor and is required for effective coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Although central to bone homeostasis, repair and the pathobiology that affect these processes, the precise mechanisms coupling endothelial cell function within bone formation and remodelling remain unclarified. This review will (i) focus on the potential directionality of VEGF signalling in adult bone by identifying the predominant source of VEGF within the bone microenvironment, (ii) will summarize current VEGF receptor expression studies by bone cells and (iii) will provide evidence for a role for VEGF signalling during postnatal repair and osteoporosis. A means of understanding the directionality of VEGF signalling in adult bone would allow us to most effectively target angiogenic pathways in diseases characterized by changes in bone remodelling rates and enhance bone repair when compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Clarkin
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Taylor RM, Kashima TG, Knowles HJ, Athanasou NA. VEGF, FLT3 ligand, PlGF and HGF can substitute for M-CSF to induce human osteoclast formation: implications for giant cell tumour pathobiology. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1398-406. [PMID: 22906984 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a primary bone tumour that contains numerous very large, hyper-nucleated osteoclastic giant cells. Osteoclasts form from CD14+ monocytes and macrophages in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). GCTB contains numerous growth factors, some of which have been reported to influence osteoclastogenesis and resorption. We investigated whether these growth factors are capable of substituting for M-CSF to support osteoclast formation from cultured human monocytes and whether they influence osteoclast cytomorphology and resorption. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), VEGF-D, FLT3 ligand (FL), placental growth factor (PlGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) supported RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in the absence of M-CSF, resulting in the formation of numerous TRAP+ multinucleated cells capable of lacunar resorption. Monocytes cultured in the presence of M-CSF, HGF, VEGF-A and RANKL together resulted in the formation of very large, hyper-nucleated (GCTB-like) osteoclasts that were hyper-resorptive. M-CSF and M-CSF substitute growth factors were identified immunohistochemically in GCTB tissue sections and these factors stimulated the resorption of osteoclasts derived from a subset of GCTBs. Our findings indicate that there are growth factors that are capable of substituting for M-CSF to induce human osteoclast formation and that these factors are present in GCTB where they influence osteoclast cytomorphology and have a role in osteoclast formation and resorption activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Taylor
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu Y, Berendsen AD, Jia S, Lotinun S, Baron R, Ferrara N, Olsen BR. Intracellular VEGF regulates the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:3101-13. [PMID: 22886301 DOI: 10.1172/jci61209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic bones have reduced spongy bone mass, altered bone architecture, and increased marrow fat. Bone marrow stem cells from osteoporotic patients are more likely to differentiate into adipocytes than control cells, suggesting that adipocyte differentiation may play a role in osteoporosis. VEGF is highly expressed in osteoblastic precursor cells and is known to stimulate bone formation. Here we tested the hypothesis that VEGF is also an important regulator of cell fate, determining whether differentiation gives rise to osteoblasts or adipocytes. Mice with conditional VEGF deficiency in osteoblastic precursor cells exhibited an osteoporosis-like phenotype characterized by reduced bone mass and increased bone marrow fat. In addition, reduced VEGF expression in mesenchymal stem cells resulted in reduced osteoblast and increased adipocyte differentiation. Osteoblast differentiation was reduced when VEGF receptor 1 or 2 was knocked down but was unaffected by treatment with recombinant VEGF or neutralizing antibodies against VEGF. Our results suggested that VEGF controls differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells by regulating the transcription factors RUNX2 and PPARγ2 as well as through a reciprocal interaction with nuclear envelope proteins lamin A/C. Importantly, our data support a model whereby VEGF regulates differentiation through an intracrine mechanism that is distinct from the role of secreted VEGF and its receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
RUI ZE, LI XIANG, FAN JIN, REN YONGXIN, YUAN YUFENG, HUA ZHENGZHE, ZHANG NING, YIN GUOYONG. GIT1Y321 phosphorylation is required for ERK1/2- and PDGF-dependent VEGF secretion from osteoblasts to promote angiogenesis and bone healing. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:819-25. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
40
|
Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor-C and -D on osteoclast differentiation and function in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 58:35-41. [PMID: 22771550 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to clarify the interaction of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs)-C and -D with cell surface foetal liver kinase-1 (Flk-1) and fms-like tyrosine kinase-4 (Flt-4) receptors in the induction and activity of osteoclasts in cultured human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). DESIGN PBMCs were cultured on chamber slides or on ivory discs for 2 or 3 weeks in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), VEGF-A, -C or -D, or placental growth factor (PlGF) with or without receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). The number of osteoclasts in each group was counted and the area of ivory resorption was measured. In addition, osteoclast differentiation was further analysed under the same conditions, but with the addition of specific neutralizing antibodies against Flk-1 and Flt-4. RESULTS RANKL was essential for the induction of osteoclasts in PBMCs. However, significant differences were found in the number of osteoclasts induced by VEGF-A, -C, -D or M-CSF with RANKL compared with control groups lacking or containing RANKL. Blocking of either Flk-1 or Flt-4 resulted in a reduction in the enhancement of osteoclast differentiation in PBMCs by VEGF-C or -D with RANKL. The osteoclasts induced by VEGF-A, -C, -D or M-CSF with RANKL formed significantly larger resorption lacunae than those formed by osteoclasts induced by RANKL alone. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that VEGF-C and -D play a role in the induction of osteoclast differentiation through both Flk-1 and Flt-4 receptors and influence the area of the ivory resorption in PBMCs.
Collapse
|
41
|
Spleen serves as a reservoir of osteoclast precursors through vitamin D-induced IL-34 expression in osteopetrotic op/op mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10006-11. [PMID: 22670054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207361109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are generated from monocyte/macrophage-lineage precursors in response to colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). CSF-1-mutated CSF-1(op/op) mice as well as RANKL(-/-) mice exhibit osteopetrosis (OP) caused by osteoclast deficiency. We previously identified RANKL receptor (RANK)/CSF-1 receptor (CSF-1R) double-positive cells as osteoclast precursors (OCPs), which existed in bone in RANKL(-/-) mice. Here we show that OCPs do not exist in bone but in spleen in CSF-1(op/op) mice, and spleen acts as their reservoir. IL-34, a newly discovered CSF-1R ligand, was highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells in spleen in CSF-1(op/op) mice. Vascular endothelial cells in bone also expressed IL-34, but its expression level was much lower than in spleen, suggesting a role of IL-34 in the splenic generation of OCPs. Splenectomy (SPX) blocked CSF-1-induced osteoclastogenesis in CSF-1(op/op) mice. Osteoclasts appeared in aged CSF-1(op/op) mice with up-regulation of IL-34 expression in spleen and bone. Splenectomy blocked the age-associated appearance of osteoclasts. The injection of 2-methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α,25(OH)(2)D(3) (2MD), a potent analog of 1α,25-dihidroxyvitamin D(3), into CSF-1(op/op) mice induced both hypercalcemia and osteoclastogenesis. Administration of 2MD enhanced IL-34 expression not only in spleen but also in bone through a vitamin D receptor-mediated mechanism. Either splenectomy or siRNA-mediated knockdown of IL-34 suppressed 2MD-induced osteoclastogenesis. These results suggest that IL-34 plays a pivotal role in maintaining the splenic reservoir of OCPs, which are transferred to bone in response to diverse stimuli, in CSF-1(op/op) mice. The present study also suggests that the IL-34 gene in vascular endothelial cells is a unique target of vitamin D.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ogilvie CM, Lu C, Marcucio R, Lee M, Thompson Z, Hu D, Helms JA, Miclau T. Vascular endothelial growth factor improves bone repair in a murine nonunion model. THE IOWA ORTHOPAEDIC JOURNAL 2012; 32:90-4. [PMID: 23576927 PMCID: PMC3565421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor that plays an important role during skeletal development and fracture healing. Previous experimental studies have shown that VEGF applied immediately after injury can stimulate bone repair in animal fracture nonunion models. However, the effectiveness of VEGF on an established fracture non-union has not been determined. the goal of this work was to test the ability of VEGF applied at a later stage on the healing of fracture nonunions. METHODS In this study, a murine non-union model was induced by rapid distraction of a tibia osteotomy. this model exhibits radiological and histological evidence of impaired fracture healing at 7 days after the completion of distraction. VEGF (10 µg in 20 µl Pbs/day, n=10) or control (20 µl Pbs/day, n=10) was injected directly into the distraction gap through the posterior musculature on three consecutive days (7, 8, and 9 days after completing distraction). A third group of animals (n=10) with rapid distraction, but no injections, served as non-treated controls. Fracture healing was analyzed by x-ray, histology, and histomorphometry at 27 days after the last round of distraction. RESULTS radiographs showed that half of the VEGF treated animals (5/10) achieved bony healing whereas the majority of Pbs treated (7/10) and non-treated controls (8/10) did not exhibit bone bridging. Histological and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that VEGF increased, but not significantly, the amount of bone formed in the distraction gap (1.35 ± 0.35 mm(3)), compared to the saline treated (0.77 ± 0.25 mm(3), p=0.19) and non-treated animals (0.79 ± 0.23mm(3), p=0.12). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study demonstrate that VEGF potentially promotes bone repair, warranting further research in this direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Ogilvie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California at San Francisco
| | | | - Ralph Marcucio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California at San Francisco
| | - Mark Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at Davis
| | - Zachary Thompson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California at San Francisco
| | - Diane Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California at San Francisco
| | - Jill A. Helms
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford UniversityStanford, California
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Orthopaedic Trauma Institute, University of California at San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Osteoclasts are cells essential for physiologic remodeling of bone and also play important physiologic and pathologic roles in the dentofacial complex. Osteoclasts and odontoclasts are necessary for tooth eruption yet result in dental compromise when associated with permanent tooth internal or external resorption. The determinants that separate their physiologic and pathologic roles are not well delineated. Clinical cases of primary eruption failure and root resorption are challenging to treat. Mineralized tissue resorbing cells undergo a fairly well characterized series of differentiation stages driven by transcriptional mediators. Signal transduction via cytokines and integrin-mediated events comprise the detailed pathways operative in osteo/odontoclastic cells and may provide insights to their targeted regulation. A better understanding of the unique aspects of osteoclastogenesis and osteo/odontoclast function will facilitate effective development of new therapeutic approaches. This review presents the clinical challenges and delves into the cellular and biochemical aspects of the unique cells responsible for resorption of mineralized tissues of the craniofacial complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Baron R, Ferrari S, Russell RGG. Denosumab and bisphosphonates: different mechanisms of action and effects. Bone 2011; 48:677-92. [PMID: 21145999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To treat systemic bone loss as in osteoporosis and/or focal osteolysis as in rheumatoid arthritis or periodontal disease, most approaches target the osteoclasts, the cells that resorb bone. Bisphosphonates are currently the most widely used antiresorptive therapies. They act by binding the mineral component of bone and interfere with the action of osteoclasts. The nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, such as alendronate, act as inhibitors of farnesyl-pyrophosphate synthase, which leads to inhibition of the prenylation of many intracellular signaling proteins. The discovery of RANKL and the essential role of RANK signaling in osteoclast differentiation, activity and survival have led to the development of denosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody. Denosumab acts by binding to and inhibiting RANKL, leading to the loss of osteoclasts from bone surfaces. In phase 3 clinical studies, denosumab was shown to significantly reduce vertebral, nonvertebral and hip fractures compared with placebo and increase areal BMD compared with alendronate. In this review, we suggest that the key pharmacological differences between denosumab and the bisphosphonates reside in the distribution of the drugs within bone and their effects on precursors and mature osteoclasts. This may explain differences in the degree and rapidity of reduction of bone resorption, their potential differential effects on trabecular and cortical bone, and the reversibility of their actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bussard KM, Venzon DJ, Mastro AM. Osteoblasts are a major source of inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment of bone metastatic breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1138-48. [PMID: 20683902 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer cells co-opt the cells of the bone to increase their production of inflammatory cytokines. Here, we sought to identify key cytokines expressed by osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo in the presence of MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cells, including a bone-seeking variant. We hypothesized that osteoblast-derived cytokines increase in the presence of metastatic breast cancer cell conditioned medium (CM), act as chemoattractants for cancer cells, and enhance osteoclast formation. We detected increases in the concentrations of osteoblast-derived IL-6, MCP-1, VEGF, MIP-2, and KC in vitro in culture supernatants from MC3T3-E1 cells in the presence of metastatic breast cancer cell CM and from cancer-bearing femurs ex vivo. A comparison of cancer cell- and osteoblast-derived cytokines revealed that while breast cancer cells expressed the same or equivalent cytokines as the osteoblasts, the breast cancer cells only produced picogram quantities of MCP-1; osteoblasts expressed nanogram amounts. Bone-derived MCP-1 increased in the proximal metaphysis, an area where breast cancer cells preferentially trafficked following intracardiac inoculation in athymic mice. An MDA-MB-231 bone-seeking variant was not different from parental lines. Osteoblast CM was a potent chemoattractant for metastatic breast cancer cells. Furthermore, culture supernatants of osteoblasts treated with breast cancer cell CM enhanced osteoclast formation. These findings suggest that bone metastatic breast cancer cells utilize osteoblast-derived cytokines to facilitate breast cancer cell colonization and survival upon arrival in the bone microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Bussard
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
VEGF non-angiogenic functions in adult organ homeostasis: therapeutic implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2011; 89:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-011-0739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
47
|
Mohamedali KA, Li ZG, Starbuck MW, Wan X, Yang J, Kim S, Zhang W, Rosenblum MG, Navone NM. Inhibition of prostate cancer osteoblastic progression with VEGF121/rGel, a single agent targeting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and tumor neovasculature. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:2328-38. [PMID: 21343372 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A hallmark of prostate cancer (PCa) progression is the development of osteoblastic bone metastases, which respond poorly to available therapies. We previously reported that VEGF(121)/rGel targets osteoclast precursors and tumor neovasculature. Here we tested the hypothesis that targeting nontumor cells expressing these receptors can inhibit tumor progression in a clinically relevant model of osteoblastic PCa. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cells from MDA PCa 118b, a PCa xenograft obtained from a bone metastasis in a patient with castrate-resistant PCa, were injected into the femurs of mice. Osteoblastic progression was monitored following systemic administration of VEGF(121)/rGel. RESULTS VEGF(121)/rGel was cytotoxic in vitro to osteoblast precursor cells. This cytotoxicity was specific as VEGF(121)/rGel internalization into osteoblasts was VEGF(121) receptor driven. Furthermore, VEGF(121)/rGel significantly inhibited PCa-induced bone formation in a mouse calvaria culture assay. In vivo, VEGF(121)/rGel significantly inhibited the osteoblastic progression of PCa cells in the femurs of nude mice. Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that VEGF(121)/rGel restored the bone volume fraction of tumor-bearing femurs to values similar to those of the contralateral (non-tumor-bearing) femurs. VEGF(121)/rGel significantly reduced the number of tumor-associated osteoclasts but did not change the numbers of peritumoral osteoblasts. Importantly, VEGF(121)/rGel-treated mice had significantly less tumor burden than control mice. Our results thus indicate that VEGF(121)/rGel inhibits osteoblastic tumor progression by targeting angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone formation. CONCLUSIONS Targeting VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1- or VEGFR-2-expressing cells is effective in controlling the osteoblastic progression of PCa in bone. These findings provide the basis for an effective multitargeted approach for metastatic PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Mohamedali
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics and Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shibuya M. Involvement of Flt-1 (VEGF receptor-1) in cancer and preeclampsia. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2011; 87:167-178. [PMID: 21558755 PMCID: PMC3149381 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.87.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We previously isolated a novel tyrosine kinase receptor, Flt-1, now known as VEGF-receptor (VEGFR)-1. The VEGF-VEGFR system plays a pivotal role in not only physiological but also pathological angiogenesis. We examined the role of Flt-1 in carcinogenesis using Flt-1-signal-deficient (Flt-1 TK-/-) mice, and found that this receptor stimulates tumor growth and metastasis most likely via macrophages, making it an important potential target in the treatment of cancer. In addition to the full-length receptor, the Flt-1 gene produces a soluble protein, sFlt-1, an endogenous VEGF-inhibitor. sFlt-1 is expressed in trophoblasts of the placenta between fetal and maternal blood vessels, suggesting it to be a barrier against extreme VEGF-signaling. Abnormally high expression of sFlt-1 occurs in most preeclampsia patients, whose main symptoms are hypertension and proteinurea. In cancer patients, strong suppression of VEGF-VEGFR by drugs induces similar side effects including hypertension. These results indicate a close relationship between abnormal VEGF-block and hypertension/proteinurea. sFlt-1 is an attractive target for the control of preeclampsia.
Collapse
|
49
|
In vitro models for the evaluation of angiogenic potential in bone engineering. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:21-30. [PMID: 21042285 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels have a fundamental role both in skeletal homeostasis and in bone repair. Angiogenesis is also important for a successful bone engineering. Therefore, scaffolds should be tested for their ability to favour endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and functions. The type of endothelial cell to use for in vitro assays should be carefully considered, because the properties of these cells may depend on their source. Morphological and functional relationships between endothelial cells and osteoblasts are evaluated with co-cultures, but this model should still be standardized, particularly for distinguishing the two cell types. Platelet-rich plasma and recombinant growth factors may be useful for stimulating angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
50
|
|