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Kilich G, Hassey K, Behrens EM, Falk M, Vanderver A, Rader DJ, Cahill PJ, Raper A, Zhang Z, Westerfer D, Jadhav T, Conlin L, Izumi K, Rajagopalan R, Sullivan KE. Kagami Ogata syndrome: a small deletion refines critical region for imprinting. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:5. [PMID: 38212313 PMCID: PMC10784583 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Kagami-Ogata syndrome is a rare imprinting disorder and its phenotypic overlap with multiple different etiologies hampers diagnosis. Genetic etiologies include paternal uniparental isodisomy (upd(14)pat), maternal allele deletions of differentially methylated regions (DMR) in 14q32.2 or pure primary epimutations. We report a patient with Kagami-Ogata syndrome and an atypical diagnostic odyssey with several negative standard-of-care genetic tests followed by epigenetic testing using methylation microarray and a targeted analysis of whole-genome sequencing to reveal a 203 bp deletion involving the MEG3 transcript and MEG3:TSS-DMR. Long-read sequencing enabled the simultaneous detection of the deletion, phasing, and biallelic hypermethylation of the MEG3:TSS-DMR region in a single assay. This case highlights the challenges in the sequential genetic testing paradigm, the utility of long-read sequencing as a single comprehensive diagnostic assay, and the smallest reported deletion causing Kagami-Ogata syndrome allowing important insights into the mechanism of imprinting effects at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonench Kilich
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Hassey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Division of Rheumatology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marni Falk
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adeline Vanderver
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Cahill
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Raper
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhe Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dawn Westerfer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanaya Jadhav
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Conlin
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kosuke Izumi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Ramakrishnan Rajagopalan
- Division of Genomic Diagnostics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Patir A, Raper A, Fleming R, Henderson BEP, Murphy L, Henderson NC, Clark EL, Freeman TC, Barnett MW. Cellular heterogeneity of the developing worker honey bee (Apis mellifera) pupa: a single cell transcriptomics analysis. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad178. [PMID: 37548242 PMCID: PMC10542211 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that animals pollinate 87.5% of flowering plants worldwide and that managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) account for 30-50% of this ecosystem service to agriculture. In addition to their important role as pollinators, honey bees are well-established insect models for studying learning and memory, behavior, caste differentiation, epigenetic mechanisms, olfactory biology, sex determination, and eusociality. Despite their importance to agriculture, knowledge of honey bee biology lags behind many other livestock species. In this study, we have used scRNA-Seq to map cell types to different developmental stages of the worker honey bee (prepupa at day 11 and pupa at day 15) and sought to determine their gene expression signatures. To identify cell-type populations, we examined the cell-to-cell network based on the similarity of the single-cells transcriptomic profiles. Grouping similar cells together we identified 63 different cell clusters of which 17 clusters were identifiable at both stages. To determine genes associated with specific cell populations or with a particular biological process involved in honey bee development, we used gene coexpression analysis. We combined this analysis with literature mining, the honey bee protein atlas, and gene ontology analysis to determine cell cluster identity. Of the cell clusters identified, 17 were related to the nervous system and sensory organs, 7 to the fat body, 19 to the cuticle, 5 to muscle, 4 to compound eye, 2 to midgut, 2 to hemocytes, and 1 to malpighian tubule/pericardial nephrocyte. To our knowledge, this is the first whole single-cell atlas of honey bees at any stage of development and demonstrates the potential for further work to investigate their biology at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Patir
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Robert Fleming
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Beth E P Henderson
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Lee Murphy
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Emily L Clark
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mark W Barnett
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Beebytes Analytics CIC, The Roslin Innovation Centre, University of Edinburgh, The Charnock Bradley Building, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Safonov A, Nomakuchi TT, Chao E, Horton C, Dolinsky JS, Yussuf A, Richardson M, Speare V, Li S, Bogus ZC, Bonanni M, Raper A, Kallish S, Ritchie MD, Nathanson KL, Drivas TG. A genotype-first approach identifies high incidence of NF1 pathogenic variants with distinct disease associations. medRxiv 2023:2023.08.08.23293676. [PMID: 37609227 PMCID: PMC10441497 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.08.23293676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function variants in the NF1 gene cause neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a genetic disorder characterized by complete penetrance, prevalence of 1 in 3,000, characteristic physical exam findings, and a substantially increased risk for malignancy. However, our understanding of the disorder is entirely based on patients ascertained through phenotype-first approaches. Leveraging a genotype-first approach in two large patient cohorts, we demonstrate unexpectedly high prevalence (1 in 450-750) of NF1 pathogenic variants. Half were identified in individuals lacking clinical features of NF1, with many appearing to have post-zygotic mosaicism for the identified variant. Incidentally discovered variants were not associated with classic NF1 features but were associated with an increased incidence of malignancy compared to a control population. Our findings suggest that NF1 pathogenic variants are substantially more common than previously thought, often characterized by somatic mosaicism and reduced penetrance, and are important contributors to cancer risk in the general population.
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4
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Sheppard SE, Bryant L, Wickramasekara RN, Vaccaro C, Robertson B, Hallgren J, Hulen J, Watson CJ, Faundes V, Duffourd Y, Lee P, Simon MC, de la Cruz X, Padilla N, Flores-Mendez M, Akizu N, Smiler J, Pellegrino Da Silva R, Li D, March M, Diaz-Rosado A, Peixoto de Barcelos I, Choa ZX, Lim CY, Dubourg C, Journel H, Demurger F, Mulhern M, Akman C, Lippa N, Andrews M, Baldridge D, Constantino J, van Haeringen A, Snoeck-Streef I, Chow P, Hing A, Graham JM, Au M, Faivre L, Shen W, Mao R, Palumbos J, Viskochil D, Gahl W, Tifft C, Macnamara E, Hauser N, Miller R, Maffeo J, Afenjar A, Doummar D, Keren B, Arn P, Macklin-Mantia S, Meerschaut I, Callewaert B, Reis A, Zweier C, Brewer C, Saggar A, Smeland MF, Kumar A, Elmslie F, Deshpande C, Nizon M, Cogne B, van Ierland Y, Wilke M, van Slegtenhorst M, Koudijs S, Chen JY, Dredge D, Pier D, Wortmann S, Kamsteeg EJ, Koch J, Haynes D, Pollack L, Titheradge H, Ranguin K, Denommé-Pichon AS, Weber S, Pérez de la Fuente R, Sánchez del Pozo J, Lezana Rosales JM, Joset P, Steindl K, Rauch A, Mei D, Mari F, Guerrini R, Lespinasse J, Tran Mau-Them F, Philippe C, Dauriat B, Raymond L, Moutton S, Cueto-González AM, Tan TY, Mignot C, Grotto S, Renaldo F, Drivas TG, Hennessy L, Raper A, Parenti I, Kaiser FJ, Kuechler A, Busk ØL, Islam L, Siedlik JA, Henderson LB, Juusola J, Person R, Schnur RE, Vitobello A, Banka S, Bhoj EJ, Stessman HA. Mechanism of KMT5B haploinsufficiency in neurodevelopment in humans and mice. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade1463. [PMID: 36897941 PMCID: PMC10005179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in KMT5B, a lysine methyltransferase, are associated with global developmental delay, macrocephaly, autism, and congenital anomalies (OMIM# 617788). Given the relatively recent discovery of this disorder, it has not been fully characterized. Deep phenotyping of the largest (n = 43) patient cohort to date identified that hypotonia and congenital heart defects are prominent features that were previously not associated with this syndrome. Both missense variants and putative loss-of-function variants resulted in slow growth in patient-derived cell lines. KMT5B homozygous knockout mice were smaller in size than their wild-type littermates but did not have significantly smaller brains, suggesting relative macrocephaly, also noted as a prominent clinical feature. RNA sequencing of patient lymphoblasts and Kmt5b haploinsufficient mouse brains identified differentially expressed pathways associated with nervous system development and function including axon guidance signaling. Overall, we identified additional pathogenic variants and clinical features in KMT5B-related neurodevelopmental disorder and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of the disorder using multiple model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Sheppard
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Unit on Vascular Malformations, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura Bryant
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rochelle N. Wickramasekara
- Stessman Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE, USA
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Courtney Vaccaro
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brynn Robertson
- Stessman Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jodi Hallgren
- Stessman Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jason Hulen
- Stessman Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cynthia J. Watson
- Stessman Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Victor Faundes
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Laboratorio de Genética y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yannis Duffourd
- Unité Fonctionnelle d’Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Pearl Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xavier de la Cruz
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natália Padilla
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Flores-Mendez
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naiara Akizu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Smiler
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | | | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael March
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abdias Diaz-Rosado
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Zhao Xiang Choa
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, A*STAR Skin Research Labs, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Hubert Journel
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hopital Chubert, Vannes, Bretagne, France
| | - Florence Demurger
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares Centre Labellisé Anomalies du Développement-Ouest, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Maureen Mulhern
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cigdem Akman
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Lippa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Andrews
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dustin Baldridge
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arie van Haeringen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Irina Snoeck-Streef
- Department of Child Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Penny Chow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Hing
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John M. Graham
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Au
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Faivre
- UFR Des Sciences de Santé, INSERM–Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement,” FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Dijon, Bourgogne, France
| | - Wei Shen
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rong Mao
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | - William Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Macnamara
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalie Hauser
- Medical Genetics, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca Miller
- Medical Genetics, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Jessica Maffeo
- Medical Genetics, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Alexandra Afenjar
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Département de neuropediatrie, Hospital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Diane Doummar
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Département de neuropediatrie, Hospital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Genetic Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pamela Arn
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours Children’s Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ilse Meerschaut
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christiane Zweier
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carole Brewer
- Clinical Genetics Department, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Anand Saggar
- Clinical Genetics Department, St George’s Hospital, St George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Marie F. Smeland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, University Hospital of North Norway, Norway
| | - Ajith Kumar
- Northeast Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Frances Elmslie
- South West Thames Centre for Genomics, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Charu Deshpande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mathilde Nizon
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes CEDEX 1, France
| | - Benjamin Cogne
- CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093 Nantes CEDEX 1, France
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, L’institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Yvette van Ierland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjon van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Koudijs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jin Yun Chen
- Neurology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Dredge
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Danielle Pier
- Neurology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saskia Wortmann
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, RadboudUMC Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Erik-Jan Kamsteeg
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johannes Koch
- University Children’s Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Devon Haynes
- Division of Genetics, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children–Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Lynda Pollack
- Division of Genetics, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children–Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Hannah Titheradge
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Kara Ranguin
- Department of Genetics, Reference Centre for Rare Diseases and Developmental Anomalies, Caen Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Denommé-Pichon
- Unité Fonctionnelle d’Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UFR Des Sciences de Santé, INSERM–Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement,” FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Sacha Weber
- Department of Genetics, Reference Centre for Rare Diseases and Developmental Anomalies, Caen Hospital, Caen, France
| | | | - Jaime Sánchez del Pozo
- UDISGEN (Unidad de Dismorfología y Genética) 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pascal Joset
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Genetics, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Genetics, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anita Rauch
- University of Zurich, Institute of Medical Genetics, 8952 Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, URPP Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning (AdaBD), Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich Research Priority Program (URPP) AdaBD: Adaptive Brain Circuits in Development and Learning, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- University of Zurich Research Priority Program (URPP) ITINERARE: Innovative Therapies in Rare Diseases, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
| | - Davide Mei
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Member of ERN Epicare, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Mari
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Member of ERN Epicare, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Member of ERN Epicare, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James Lespinasse
- UF de Génétique Chromosomique, Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry, Hôtel-dieu, France
| | - Frédéric Tran Mau-Them
- Unité Fonctionnelle d’Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UFR Des Sciences de Santé, INSERM–Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement,” FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Christophe Philippe
- Unité Fonctionnelle d’Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UFR Des Sciences de Santé, INSERM–Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement,” FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Dauriat
- Service de cytogénétique et génétique médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Limoges, France
| | - Laure Raymond
- Service de génétique, Laboratoire Eurofins Biomnis, Lyon, France
| | | | - Anna M. Cueto-González
- Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cyril Mignot
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Grotto
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Département de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Florence Renaldo
- AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Département de neuropediatrie, Centre de référence neurogénétique, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Theodore G. Drivas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Hennessy
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Raper
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ilaria Parenti
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank J. Kaiser
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Essener Zentrum für Seltene Erkrankungen (EZSE), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alma Kuechler
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Øyvind L. Busk
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, 3710 Skien, Norway
| | - Lily Islam
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Jacob A. Siedlik
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rhonda E. Schnur
- GeneDx, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Cooper University Health Care 3, Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- Unité Fonctionnelle d’Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- UFR Des Sciences de Santé, INSERM–Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD “Génétique des Anomalies du Développement,” FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon, France
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth J. Bhoj
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Holly A. F. Stessman
- Stessman Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University Medical School, Omaha, NE, USA
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5
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Morimoto M, Bhambhani V, Gazzaz N, Davids M, Sathiyaseelan P, Macnamara EF, Lange J, Lehman A, Zerfas PM, Murphy JL, Acosta MT, Wang C, Alderman E, Reichert S, Thurm A, Adams DR, Introne WJ, Gorski SM, Boerkoel CF, Gahl WA, Tifft CJ, Malicdan MCV, Baldridge D, Bale J, Bamshad M, Barbouth D, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Beck A, Beggs AH, Behrens E, Bejerano G, Bellen HJ, Bennett J, Berg-Rood B, Bernstein JA, Berry GT, Bican A, Bivona S, Blue E, Bohnsack J, Bonner D, Botto L, Boyd B, Briere LC, Brokamp E, Brown G, Burke EA, Burrage LC, Butte MJ, Byers P, Byrd WE, Carey J, Carrasquillo O, Cassini T, Chang TCP, Chanprasert S, Chao HT, Clark GD, Coakley TR, Cobban LA, Cogan JD, Coggins M, Cole FS, Colley HA, Cooper CM, Cope H, Craigen WJ, Crouse AB, Cunningham M, D’Souza P, Dai H, Dasari S, Davis J, Dayal JG, Dell’Angelica EC, Dipple K, Doherty D, Dorrani N, Doss AL, Douine ED, Duncan L, Earl D, Eckstein DJ, Emrick LT, Eng CM, Esteves C, Falk M, Fieg EL, Fisher PG, Fogel BL, Forghani I, Glass I, Gochuico B, Goddard PC, Godfrey RA, Golden-Grant K, Grajewski A, Gutierrez I, Hadley D, Hahn S, Halley MC, Hamid R, Hassey K, Hayes N, High F, Hing A, Hisama FM, Holm IA, Hom J, Horike-Pyne M, Huang A, Hutchison S, Introne WJ, Isasi R, Izumi K, Jamal F, Jarvik GP, Jarvik J, Jayadev S, Jean-Marie O, Jobanputra V, Karaviti L, Kennedy J, Ketkar S, Kiley D, Kilich G, Kobren SN, Kohane IS, Kohler JN, Korrick S, Kozuira M, Krakow D, Krasnewich DM, Kravets E, Lalani SR, Lam B, Lam C, Lanpher BC, Lanza IR, LeBlanc K, Lee BH, Levitt R, Lewis RA, Liu P, Liu XZ, Longo N, Loo SK, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, MacRae CA, Maduro VV, Mahoney R, Mak BC, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Mao R, Maravilla K, Marom R, Marth G, Martin BA, Martin MG, Martínez-Agosto JA, Marwaha S, McCauley J, McConkie-Rosell A, McCray AT, McGee E, Mefford H, Merritt JL, Might M, Mirzaa G, Morava E, Moretti P, Nakano-Okuno M, Nelson SF, Newman JH, Nicholas SK, Nickerson D, Nieves-Rodriguez S, Novacic D, Oglesbee D, Orengo JP, Pace L, Pak S, Pallais JC, Palmer CGS, Papp JC, Parker NH, Phillips JA, Posey JE, Potocki L, Pusey Swerdzewski BN, Quinlan A, Rao DA, Raper A, Raskind W, Renteria G, Reuter CM, Rives L, Robertson AK, Rodan LH, Rosenfeld JA, Rosenwasser N, Rossignol F, Ruzhnikov M, Sacco R, Sampson JB, Saporta M, Schaechter J, Schedl T, Schoch K, Scott DA, Scott CR, Shashi V, Shin J, Silverman EK, Sinsheimer JS, Sisco K, Smith EC, Smith KS, Solem E, Solnica-Krezel L, Solomon B, Spillmann RC, Stoler JM, Sullivan K, Sullivan JA, Sun A, Sutton S, Sweetser DA, Sybert V, Tabor HK, Tan QKG, Tan ALM, Tekin M, Telischi F, Thorson W, Toro C, Tran AA, Ungar RA, Urv TK, Vanderver A, Velinder M, Viskochil D, Vogel TP, Wahl CE, Walker M, Wallace S, Walley NM, Wambach J, Wan J, Wang LK, Wangler MF, Ward PA, Wegner D, Weisz Hubshman M, Wener M, Wenger T, Wesseling Perry K, Westerfield M, Wheeler MT, Whitlock J, Wolfe LA, Worley K, Xiao C, Yamamoto S, Yang J, Zhang Z, Zuchner S, Reichert S, Thurm A, Adams DR, Introne WJ, Gorski SM, Boerkoel CF, Gahl WA, Tifft CJ, Malicdan MCV. Bi-allelic ATG4D variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:4. [PMID: 36765070 PMCID: PMC9918471 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy regulates the degradation of damaged organelles and protein aggregates, and is critical for neuronal development, homeostasis, and maintenance, yet few neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with pathogenic variants in genes encoding autophagy-related proteins. We report three individuals from two unrelated families with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment, and similar facial characteristics. Rare, conserved, bi-allelic variants were identified in ATG4D, encoding one of four ATG4 cysteine proteases important for autophagosome biogenesis, a hallmark of autophagy. Autophagosome biogenesis and induction of autophagy were intact in cells from affected individuals. However, studies evaluating the predominant substrate of ATG4D, GABARAPL1, demonstrated that three of the four ATG4D patient variants functionally impair ATG4D activity. GABARAPL1 is cleaved or "primed" by ATG4D and an in vitro GABARAPL1 priming assay revealed decreased priming activity for three of the four ATG4D variants. Furthermore, a rescue experiment performed in an ATG4 tetra knockout cell line, in which all four ATG4 isoforms were knocked out by gene editing, showed decreased GABARAPL1 priming activity for the two ATG4D missense variants located in the cysteine protease domain required for priming, suggesting that these variants impair the function of ATG4D. The clinical, bioinformatic, and functional data suggest that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in ATG4D contribute to the pathogenesis of this syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morimoto
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Vikas Bhambhani
- grid.418506.e0000 0004 0629 5022Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA
| | - Nour Gazzaz
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariska Davids
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Paalini Sathiyaseelan
- grid.434706.20000 0004 0410 5424Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Ellen F. Macnamara
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | - Anna Lehman
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Patricia M. Zerfas
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Murphy
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Maria T. Acosta
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Camille Wang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Emily Alderman
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | | | - Sara Reichert
- grid.418506.e0000 0004 0629 5022Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - David R. Adams
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Wendy J. Introne
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sharon M. Gorski
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.434706.20000 0004 0410 5424Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Cornelius F. Boerkoel
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - William A. Gahl
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - May Christine V. Malicdan
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Miller IM, Yashar BM, Macnamara EF, Adams DR, Agrawal PB, Alvey J, Amendola L, Andrews A, Ashley EA, Azamian MS, Bacino CA, Bademci G, Baker E, Balasubramanyam A, Baldridge D, Bale J, Bamshad M, Barbouth D, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Beck A, Beggs AH, Behrens E, Bejerano G, Bellen HJ, Bennett J, Berg-Rood B, Bernstein JA, Berry GT, Bican A, Bivona S, Blue E, Bohnsack J, Bonnenmann C, Bonner D, Botto L, Boyd B, Briere LC, Brokamp E, Brown G, Burke EA, Burrage LC, Butte MJ, Byers P, Byrd WE, Carey J, Carrasquillo O, Chang TCP, Chanprasert S, Chao HT, Clark GD, Coakley TR, Cobban LA, Cogan JD, Coggins M, Cole FS, Colley HA, Cooper CM, Cope H, Craigen WJ, Crouse AB, Cunningham M, D’Souza P, Dai H, Dasari S, Davis J, Dayal JG, Dell’Angelica EC, Dipple K, Doherty D, Dorrani N, Doss AL, Douine ED, Draper DD, Duncan L, Earl D, Eckstein DJ, Emrick LT, Eng CM, Esteves C, Falk M, Fernandez L, Ferreira C, Fieg EL, Findley LC, Fisher PG, Fogel BL, Forghani I, Gahl WA, Glass I, Gochuico B, Godfrey RA, Golden-Grant K, Goldrich MP, Goldstein DB, Grajewski A, Groden CA, Gutierrez I, Hahn S, Hamid R, Hassey K, Hayes N, High F, Hing A, Hisama FM, Holm IA, Hom J, Horike-Pyne M, Huang Y, Huang A, Huryn L, Isasi R, Izumi K, Jamal F, Jarvik GP, Jarvik J, Jayadev S, Karaviti L, Kennedy J, Ketkar S, Kiley D, Kilich G, Kobren SN, Kohane IS, Kohler JN, Korrick S, Kozuira M, Krakow D, Krasnewich DM, Kravets E, Krier JB, Lalani SR, Lam B, Lam C, LaMoure GL, Lanpher BC, Lanza IR, Latham L, LeBlanc K, Lee BH, Lee H, Levitt R, Lewis RA, Lincoln SA, Liu P, Liu XZ, Longo N, Loo SK, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, MacDowall J, Macnamara EF, MacRae CA, Maduro VV, Mahoney R, Mak BC, Malicdan MCV, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Mao R, Maravilla K, Markello TC, Marom R, Marth G, Martin BA, Martin MG, Martfnez-Agosto JA, Marwaha S, McCauley J, McConkie-Rosell A, McCray AT, McGee E, Mefford H, Merritt JL, Might M, Mirzaa G, Morava E, Moretti PM, Moretti P, Mosbrook-Davis D, Mulvihill JJ, Nakano-Okuno M, Nath A, Nelson SF, Newman JH, Nicholas SK, Nickerson D, Nieves-Rodriguez S, Novacic D, Oglesbee D, Orengo JP, Pace L, Pak S, Pallais JC, Palmer CGS, Papp JC, Parker NH, Phillips JA, Posey JE, Potocki L, Power B, Pusey BN, Quinlan A, Raja AN, Rao DA, Raper A, Raskind W, Renteria G, Reuter CM, Rives L, Robertson AK, Rodan LH, Rosenfeld JA, Rosenwasser N, Rossignol F, Ruzhnikov M, Sacco R, Sampson JB, Saporta M, Schaechter J, Schedl T, Schoch K, Scott DA, Scott CR, Shashi V, Shin J, Signer RH, Silverman EK, Sinsheimer JS, Sisco K, Smith EC, Smith KS, Solem E, Solnica-Krezel L, Solomon B, Spillmann RC, Stoler JM, Sullivan K, Sullivan JA, Sun A, Sutton S, Sweetser DA, Sybert V, Tabor HK, Tan QKG, Tan ALM, Tekin M, Telischi F, Thorson W, Thurm A, Tifft CJ, Toro C, Tran AA, Tucker BM, Urv TK, Vanderver A, Velinder M, Viskochil D, Vogel TP, Wahl CE, Walker M, Wallace S, Walley NM, Walsh CA, Wambach J, Wan J, Wang LK, Wangler MF, Ward PA, Wegner D, Hubshman MW, Wener M, Wenger T, Perry KW, Westerfield M, Wheeler MT, Whitlock J, Wolfe LA, Woods JD, Worley K, Yamamoto S, Yang J, Yousef M, Zastrow DB, Zein W, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zuchner S, Macnamara EF. Continuing a search for a diagnosis: the impact of adolescence and family dynamics. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:6. [PMID: 36624503 PMCID: PMC9830697 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The "diagnostic odyssey" describes the process those with undiagnosed conditions undergo to identify a diagnosis. Throughout this process, families of children with undiagnosed conditions have multiple opportunities to decide whether to continue or stop their search for a diagnosis and accept the lack of a diagnostic label. Previous studies identified factors motivating a family to begin searching, but there is limited information about the decision-making process in a prolonged search and how the affected child impacts a family's decision. This study aimed to understand how families of children with undiagnosed diseases decide whether to continue to pursue a diagnosis after standard clinical testing has failed. Parents who applied to the Undiagnosed Disease Network (UDN) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The 2015 Supportive Care Needs model by Pelenstov, which defines critical needs in families with rare/undiagnosed diseases, provided a framework for interview guide development and transcript analysis (Pelentsov et al in Disabil Health J 8(4):475-491, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DHJO.2015.03.009 ). A deductive, iterative coding approach was used to identify common unifying themes. Fourteen parents from 13 families were interviewed. The average child's age was 11 years (range 3-18) and an average 63% of their life had been spent searching for a diagnosis. Our analysis found that alignment or misalignment of parent and child needs impact the trajectory of the diagnostic search. When needs and desires align, reevaluation of a decision to pursue a diagnosis is limited. However, when there is conflict between parent and child desires, there is reevaluation, and often a pause, in the search. This tension is exacerbated when children are adolescents and attempting to balance their dependence on parents for medical care with a natural desire for independence. Our results provide novel insights into the roles of adolescents in the diagnostic odyssey. The tension between desired and realistic developmental outcomes for parents and adolescents impacts if, and how, the search for a diagnosis progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana M. Miller
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Medical Center, Rare Disease Institute, 7125 13th Place NW, DC 20012 Washington, USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4909 Buhl Building, Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Beverly M. Yashar
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4909 Buhl Building, Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Ellen F. Macnamara
- grid.453125.40000 0004 0533 8641National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
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7
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Lau-Min KS, McKenna D, Asher SB, Bardakjian T, Wollack C, Bleznuck J, Biros D, Anantharajah A, Clark DF, Condit C, Ebrahimzadeh JE, Long JM, Powers J, Raper A, Schoenbaum A, Feldman M, Steinfeld L, Tuteja S, VanZandbergen C, Domchek SM, Ritchie MD, Landgraf J, Chen J, Nathanson KL. Impact of integrating genomic data into the electronic health record on genetics care delivery. Genet Med 2022; 24:2338-2350. [PMID: 36107166 PMCID: PMC10176082 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Integrating genomic data into the electronic health record (EHR) is key for optimally delivering genomic medicine. METHODS The PennChart Genomics Initiative (PGI) at the University of Pennsylvania is a multidisciplinary collaborative that has successfully linked orders and results from genetic testing laboratories with discrete genetic data in the EHR. We quantified the use of the genomic data within the EHR, performed a time study with genetic counselors, and conducted key informant interviews with PGI members to evaluate the effect of the PGI's efforts on genetics care delivery. RESULTS The PGI has interfaced with 4 genetic testing laboratories, resulting in the creation of 420 unique computerized genetic testing orders that have been used 4073 times to date. In a time study of 96 genetic testing activities, EHR use was associated with significant reductions in time spent ordering (2 vs 8 minutes, P < .001) and managing (1 vs 5 minutes, P < .001) genetic results compared with the use of online laboratory-specific portals. In key informant interviews, multidisciplinary collaboration and institutional buy-in were identified as key ingredients for the PGI's success. CONCLUSION The PGI's efforts to integrate genomic medicine into the EHR have substantially streamlined the delivery of genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey S Lau-Min
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Danielle McKenna
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephanie Byers Asher
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Tanya Bardakjian
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Colin Wollack
- Information Services, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph Bleznuck
- Information Services, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Daniel Biros
- Information Services, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Arravinth Anantharajah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dana F Clark
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Courtney Condit
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica E Ebrahimzadeh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica M Long
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacquelyn Powers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anna Raper
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Anna Schoenbaum
- Information Services, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Feldman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Sony Tuteja
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Susan M Domchek
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeffrey Landgraf
- Information Services, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jessica Chen
- Information Services, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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8
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Kjeldsen A, Kay JE, Baxter S, McColm S, Serrano‐Amatriain C, Parker S, Robb E, Arnold SA, Gilmour C, Raper A, Robertson G, Fleming R, Smith BO, Fotheringham IG, Christie JM, Magneschi L. The fluorescent protein iLOV as a reporter for screening of high‐yield production of antimicrobial peptides in
Pichia pastoris. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2126-2139. [PMID: 35312165 PMCID: PMC9249318 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is commonly used for the production of recombinant proteins at scale. The identification of an optimally overexpressing strain following transformation can be time and reagent consuming. Fluorescent reporters like GFP have been used to assist identification of superior producers, but their relatively big size, maturation requirements and narrow temperature range restrict their applications. Here, we introduce the use of iLOV, a flavin‐based fluorescent protein, as a fluorescent marker to identify P. pastoris high‐yielding strains easily and rapidly. The use of this fluorescent protein as a fusion partner is exemplified by the production of the antimicrobial peptide NI01, a difficult target to overexpress in its native form. iLOV fluorescence correlated well with protein expression level and copy number of the chromosomally integrated gene. An easy and simple medium‐throughput plate‐based screen directly following transformation is demonstrated for low complexity screening, while a high‐throughput method using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) allowed for comprehensive library screening. Both codon optimization of the iLOV_NI01 fusion cassettes and different integration strategies into the P. pastoris genome were tested to produce and isolate a high‐yielding strain. Checking the genetic stability, process reproducibility and following the purification of the active native peptide are eased by visualization of and efficient cleavage from the iLOV reporter. We show that this system can be used for expression and screening of several different antimicrobial peptides recombinantly produced in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemette Kjeldsen
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bower Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Jack E. Kay
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Scott Baxter
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Stephen McColm
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | | | - Scott Parker
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Ellis Robb
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - S. Alison Arnold
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Craig Gilmour
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Graeme Robertson
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Robert Fleming
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh Easter Bush Midlothian EH25 9RG UK
| | - Brian O. Smith
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bower Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Ian G. Fotheringham
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
| | - John M. Christie
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Bower Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Leonardo Magneschi
- Ingenza Ltd Roslin Innovation Centre Charnock Bradley Building Roslin EH25 9RG UK
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9
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Horita M, Hsu SN, Raper A, Farquharson C, Stephen LA. miR-29b inhibits TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation in articular chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 29:101216. [PMID: 35128082 PMCID: PMC8800026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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10
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Mitchell JL, Raper A, Gunn-Moore DA, Hope JC. Recognition of recombinant interferon-gamma from Felidae species by anti-cat antibodies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 241:110327. [PMID: 34564047 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial infections cause a reasonable burden of morbidity and mortality in global feline populations, many of which are 'Vulnerable' or 'Endangered'. Identifying these infections may facilitate efforts to protect these animals. An interferon-gamma (IFNγ) release assay (IGRA) to diagnose mycobacteriosis in domestic cats has been adapted for use in lions; however, the development of species-specific antibodies may be laborious. Therefore, we investigated whether anti-cat IFNγ antibodies can bind to recombinant IFNγ (rIFNγ) from other Felidae species, permitting use of the feline IGRA in a wider range of felids. Unique Felidae IFNγ protein sequences and their corresponding coding nucleotide sequence were identified from online databases; plasmids with an IFNγ-gene insert were synthesised to transform E. coli-DH5α and subsequently transfect HEK 293 T cells to secrete rIFNγ. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a commercial anti-cat IFNγ kit was performed to detect rIFNγ from Felidae, the domestic dog and cattle. Five unique rIFNγ Felidae proteins were synthesised; anti-cat IFNγ antibodies were able to bind to all five proteins, while cross-reactivity with canine and bovine rIFNγ was negligible. This suggests that anti-cat IFNγ antibodies are sufficient for detection of IFNγ across other Felidae species, namely the lion, tiger, cheetah, cougar, Iberian lynx and the Canadian lynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Mitchell
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Raper
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Danièlle A Gunn-Moore
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne C Hope
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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11
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Turin CG, Joeng KS, Kallish S, Raper A, Asher S, Campeau PM, Khan AN, Al Mukaddam M. Heterozygous variant in WNT1 gene in two brothers with early onset osteoporosis. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101118. [PMID: 34458510 PMCID: PMC8379666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a multifactorial disorder characterized by low bone mass and strength, leading to increased risk of fracture. The WNT pathway plays a critical role in bone remodeling by enhancing osteoblastic differentiation, which promotes bone formation, and inhibiting osteoclastic differentiation, decreasing bone resorption. Therefore, genetic alterations of this pathway will lead to impaired bone homeostasis and could contribute to varying response to treatment. We present the case of two brothers with early osteoporosis who were found to have a heterozygous variant of unknown significance in the WNT1 gene, c.1060_1061delCAinsG (p.H354Afs*39). This finding demonstrates that frameshift variants in WNT1 may also act in a dominant fashion leading to decreased bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie G Turin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., 4th floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyu Sang Joeng
- Mckay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Staci Kallish
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5100 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Raper
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5100 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie Asher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 5100 Silverstein, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Amna N Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., 4th floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Section of Endocrinology, The Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mona Al Mukaddam
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, The Center for Research in FOP and Related Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. 3737 Market St., 3rd floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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12
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Dratch L, Paul RA, Baldwin A, Brzozowski M, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Tropea TF, Raper A, Bardakjian T. Transitioning to telegenetics in the COVID-19 era: Patient satisfaction with remote genetic counseling in adult neurology. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:974-983. [PMID: 34265143 PMCID: PMC8427091 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly changed genetic counseling services across the United States. At the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), a large academic hospital in an urban setting, nearly all genetic counseling (GC) visits for adult-onset disorders within the Department of Neurology were conducted via secure videoconferencing (telegenetics) or telephone between March and December 2020. Although telemedicine services have been steadily emerging, many clinical programs, including the neurogenetics program at UPenn, had not built infrastructure or widely utilized these services prior to the pandemic. Thus, little is known about patient attitudes toward receiving clinical GC services remotely. From May 18 to October 18, 2020, all individuals seen remotely for GC in adult neurology via telephone or telegenetics were surveyed about their satisfaction with telehealth GC (N = 142), with a response rate of 42% (N = 60/142). Telephone and telegenetics services were referred to as 'telehealth' in the surveys to capture patient perspectives on all remote GC services, though the majority (N = 49/60) of these visits were completed via telegenetics. Surveys included the modified telehealth usability questionnaire (MTUQ), genetic counseling satisfaction scale (GCSS), and novel questions about future telehealth use. Preliminary results suggest that patients were satisfied with receiving remote GC services in adult neurology, with most participants strongly agreeing to all items about satisfaction with telehealth. Just 2% of participants preferred only in-person visits in the future, but every participant was willing to consider using telehealth for future visits if their genetic counselor felt it was appropriate. Most participants preferred a hybrid model (73%), and some (25%) preferred only telehealth for future visits. Additionally, we found no differences in satisfaction with remote services based on visit type (initial vs. results disclosure) nor age. We conclude that remote GC is an acceptable method for the provision of services in adult neurology that is well-received by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laynie Dratch
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel A Paul
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron Baldwin
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Morgan Brzozowski
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Thomas F Tropea
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Raper
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tanya Bardakjian
- Department of Neurology, Neurogenetics Translational Center of Excellence, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Ajufo E, deGoma EM, Raper A, Yu KD, Cuchel M, Rader DJ. A randomized controlled trial of genetic testing and cascade screening in familial hypercholesterolemia. Genet Med 2021; 23:1697-1704. [PMID: 34040191 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01192-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Family-based cascade screening from index probands is considered an effective way of identifying undiagnosed individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The role of genetic testing of the proband in the success of cascade screening for FH is unknown. METHODS We randomized 240 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of FH to genetic testing for FH (n = 160) or usual care with lipid testing alone (n = 80). The primary study endpoint was the proportion of probands with at least one relative enrolled in the study within one year after the notification of results. RESULTS Proband median age was 59 (47-67) and 71% were female. Only 28 (12%) probands succeeded in enrolling a relative. While the genetic testing group had a higher proportion of probands with relatives enrolled (13.1%) compared with the usual care group (8.8%), this difference was not significant (p = 0.40). In subgroup analyses, enrollment of a relative was higher in the pathogenic variant group (22.7%) compared to the no pathogenic variant (9.5%) and usual care groups (8.8%) (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION We observed a low rate of family participation in cascade screening despite repeated recommendations to probands. Compared to usual care, genetic testing did not improve family participation in cascade screening for FH. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT04526457.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezimamaka Ajufo
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Emil M deGoma
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Raper
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen Dilzell Yu
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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14
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Lin YT, Chiweshe S, McCormick D, Raper A, Wickenhagen A, DeFillipis V, Gaunt E, Simmonds P, Wilson SJ, Grey F. Human cytomegalovirus evades ZAP detection by suppressing CpG dinucleotides in the major immediate early 1 gene. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008844. [PMID: 32886716 PMCID: PMC7498042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of RNA and small DNA viruses of vertebrates display significant suppression of CpG dinucleotide frequencies. Artificially increasing dinucleotide frequencies results in substantial attenuation of virus replication, suggesting that these compositional changes may facilitate recognition of non-self RNA sequences. Recently, the interferon inducible protein ZAP, was identified as the host factor responsible for sensing CpG in viral RNA, through direct binding and possibly downstream targeting for degradation. Using an arrayed interferon stimulated gene expression library screen, we identified ZAPS, and its associated factor TRIM25, as inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication. Exogenous expression of ZAPS and TRIM25 significantly reduced virus replication while knockdown resulted in increased virus replication. HCMV displays a strikingly heterogeneous pattern of CpG representation with specific suppression of CpG motifs within the IE1 major immediate early transcript which is absent in subsequently expressed genes. We demonstrated that suppression of CpG dinucleotides in the IE1 gene allows evasion of inhibitory effects of ZAP. We show that acute virus replication is mutually exclusive with high levels of cellular ZAP, potentially explaining the higher levels of CpG in viral genes expressed subsequent to IE1 due to the loss of pressure from ZAP in infected cells. Finally, we show that TRIM25 regulates alternative splicing between the ZAP short and long isoforms during HCMV infection and interferon induction, with knockdown of TRIM25 resulting in decreased ZAPS and corresponding increased ZAPL expression. These results demonstrate for the first time that ZAP is a potent host restriction factor against large DNA viruses and that HCMV evades ZAP detection through suppression of CpG dinucleotides within the major immediate early 1 transcript. Furthermore, TRIM25 is required for efficient upregulation of the interferon inducible short isoform of ZAP through regulation of alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tang Lin
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Chiweshe
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Dominique McCormick
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Wickenhagen
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Victor DeFillipis
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eleanor Gaunt
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Simmonds
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sam J. Wilson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Finn Grey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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15
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Kolar QK, Waddell LA, Raper A, Rocchi MS, Shaw DJ, Corbishley A, Hope JC. Anatomical distribution of respiratory tract leukocyte cell subsets in neonatal calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 227:110090. [PMID: 32663724 PMCID: PMC7331561 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal calves are highly susceptible to a number of diseases including those that infect via the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In order to determine appropriate vaccine design and delivery systems, or to identify suitable immunostimulatory methods to combat these infections, a detailed understanding of the immune cell populations present at clinically relevant sites is key. Few studies have assessed the immune cell composition of the neonatal calf lung and comparisons with circulating immune cells in the blood are lacking. We describe immune cell populations present in the peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue of young disease-free calves. Flow cytometric analysis revealed significant differences in cell subset distribution between the peripheral blood and respiratory tract, and between compartments within the respiratory tract. Notably, whereas WC1+ γδ TCR + T lymphocytes dominate the peripheral blood, both the BAL fluid and lung tissue contained a high proportion of myeloid cells which expressed CD14 and CD172a (SIRPα). Very low numbers of tissue myeloid cells expressed MHC Class II in comparison to circulating myeloid cells in the blood. Respiratory tract tissues had low frequencies of CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocytes, which were significantly lower than in the blood. Differences in the proportion of NKp46+ natural killer cells were also observed between tissue compartments. In order to target vaccines or immunostimulatory therapeutics appropriately, these differences in immune cell populations in tissue compartments should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn K Kolar
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH259RG, United Kingdom
| | - Lindsey A Waddell
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH259RG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH259RG, United Kingdom
| | - Mara S Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH260PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J Shaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH259RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Corbishley
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH259RG, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne C Hope
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland, EH259RG, United Kingdom.
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16
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Rojo R, Raper A, Ozdemir DD, Lefevre L, Grabert K, Wollscheid-Lengeling E, Bradford B, Caruso M, Gazova I, Sánchez A, Lisowski ZM, Alves J, Molina-Gonzalez I, Davtyan H, Lodge RJ, Glover JD, Wallace R, Munro DAD, David E, Amit I, Miron VE, Priller J, Jenkins SJ, Hardingham GE, Blurton-Jones M, Mabbott NA, Summers KM, Hohenstein P, Hume DA, Pridans C. Deletion of a Csf1r enhancer selectively impacts CSF1R expression and development of tissue macrophage populations. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3215. [PMID: 31324781 PMCID: PMC6642117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11053-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation, differentiation and survival of mononuclear phagocytes depend on signals from the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF1R. The mammalian Csf1r locus contains a highly conserved super-enhancer, the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE). Here we show that genomic deletion of FIRE in mice selectively impacts CSF1R expression and tissue macrophage development in specific tissues. Deletion of FIRE ablates macrophage development from murine embryonic stem cells. Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice lack macrophages in the embryo, brain microglia and resident macrophages in the skin, kidney, heart and peritoneum. The homeostasis of other macrophage populations and monocytes is unaffected, but monocytes and their progenitors in bone marrow lack surface CSF1R. Finally, Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice are healthy and fertile without the growth, neurological or developmental abnormalities reported in Csf1r-/- rodents. Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice thus provide a model to explore the homeostatic, physiological and immunological functions of tissue-specific macrophage populations in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Rojo
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000 Pte, Col. Los Doctores, C.P. 64710, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Derya D Ozdemir
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Toxicology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evi Wollscheid-Lengeling
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Barry Bradford
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Melanie Caruso
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Iveta Gazova
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Alejandra Sánchez
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Zofia M Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Joana Alves
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Irene Molina-Gonzalez
- The MRC University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, 3014 Gross Hall 845 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697-1705, USA
| | - Rebecca J Lodge
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - James D Glover
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Robert Wallace
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - David A D Munro
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl St., Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Véronique E Miron
- The MRC University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Josef Priller
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Giles E Hardingham
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Chancellor's Building, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, 3014 Gross Hall 845 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697-1705, USA
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
- Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
| | - Clare Pridans
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
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17
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Pridans C, Raper A, Davis GM, Alves J, Sauter KA, Lefevre L, Regan T, Meek S, Sutherland L, Thomson AJ, Clohisey S, Bush SJ, Rojo R, Lisowski ZM, Wallace R, Grabert K, Upton KR, Tsai YT, Brown D, Smith LB, Summers KM, Mabbott NA, Piccardo P, Cheeseman MT, Burdon T, Hume DA. Correction: Pleiotropic Impacts of Macrophage and Microglial Deficiency on Development in Rats with Targeted Mutation of the Csf1r Locus. J Immunol 2019; 202:3334-3335. [PMID: 31028122 PMCID: PMC6526391 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Waddell LA, Lefevre L, Bush SJ, Raper A, Young R, Lisowski ZM, McCulloch MEB, Muriuki C, Sauter KA, Clark EL, Irvine KM, Pridans C, Hope JC, Hume DA. ADGRE1 (EMR1, F4/80) Is a Rapidly-Evolving Gene Expressed in Mammalian Monocyte-Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2246. [PMID: 30327653 PMCID: PMC6174849 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The F4/80 antigen, encoded by the Adgre1 locus, has been widely-used as a monocyte-macrophage marker in mice, but its value as a macrophage marker in other species is unclear, and has even been questioned. ADGRE1 is a seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor with an extracellular domain containing repeated Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like calcium binding domains. Using a new monoclonal antibody, we demonstrated that ADGRE1 is a myeloid differentiation marker in pigs, absent from progenitors in bone marrow, highly-expressed in mature granulocytes, monocytes, and tissue macrophages and induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) treatment in vivo. Based upon these observations, we utilized RNA-Seq to assess the expression of ADGRE1 mRNA in bone marrow or monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and alveolar macrophages from 8 mammalian species including pig, human, rat, sheep, goat, cow, water buffalo, and horse. ADGRE1 mRNA was expressed by macrophages in each species, with inter-species variation both in expression level and response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Analysis of the RNA-Seq data also revealed additional exons in several species compared to current Ensembl annotations. The ruminant species and horses appear to encode a complete duplication of the 7 EGF-like domains. In every species, Sashimi plots revealed evidence of exon skipping of the EGF-like domains, which are highly-variable between species and polymorphic in humans. Consistent with these expression patterns, key elements of the promoter and a putative enhancer are also conserved across all species. The rapid evolution of this molecule and related ADGRE family members suggests immune selection and a role in pathogen recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Waddell
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J. Bush
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Young
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zofia M. Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charity Muriuki
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A. Sauter
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily L. Clark
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Clare Pridans
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne C. Hope
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- Mater Research-University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation Research at the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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19
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Pridans C, Raper A, Davis GM, Alves J, Sauter KA, Lefevre L, Regan T, Meek S, Sutherland L, Thomson AJ, Clohisey S, Bush SJ, Rojo R, Lisowski ZM, Wallace R, Grabert K, Upton KR, Tsai YT, Brown D, Smith LB, Summers KM, Mabbott NA, Piccardo P, Cheeseman MT, Burdon T, Hume DA. Pleiotropic Impacts of Macrophage and Microglial Deficiency on Development in Rats with Targeted Mutation of the Csf1r Locus. J Immunol 2018; 201:2683-2699. [PMID: 30249809 PMCID: PMC6196293 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have produced Csf1r-deficient rats by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Consistent with the role of Csf1r in macrophage differentiation, there was a loss of peripheral blood monocytes, microglia in the brain, epidermal Langerhans cells, splenic marginal zone macrophages, bone-associated macrophages and osteoclasts, and peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages of splenic red pulp, liver, lung, and gut were less affected. The pleiotropic impacts of the loss of macrophages on development of multiple organ systems in rats were distinct from those reported in mice. Csf1r-/- rats survived well into adulthood with postnatal growth retardation, distinct skeletal and bone marrow abnormalities, infertility, and loss of visceral adipose tissue. Gene expression analysis in spleen revealed selective loss of transcripts associated with the marginal zone and, in brain regions, the loss of known and candidate novel microglia-associated transcripts. Despite the complete absence of microglia, there was little overt phenotype in brain, aside from reduced myelination and increased expression of dopamine receptor-associated transcripts in striatum. The results highlight the redundant and nonredundant functions of CSF1R signaling and of macrophages in development, organogenesis, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pridans
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; .,The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma M Davis
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Joana Alves
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Regan
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Meek
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Sutherland
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Thomson
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,New World Laboratories, Laval, Quebec H7V 5B7, Canada
| | - Sara Clohisey
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Bush
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Rocío Rojo
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Zofia M Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle R Upton
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yi Ting Tsai
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Brown
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Lee B Smith
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2309, Australia; and
| | - Kim M Summers
- Mater Research-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Piccardo
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Cheeseman
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Burdon
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom; .,Mater Research-University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
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20
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Pridans C, Sauter KA, Irvine KM, Davis GM, Lefevre L, Raper A, Rojo R, Nirmal AJ, Beard P, Cheeseman M, Hume DA. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor increases hepatic macrophage content, liver growth, and lipid accumulation in neonatal rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G388-G398. [PMID: 29351395 PMCID: PMC5899243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00343.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Signaling via the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) controls the survival, differentiation, and proliferation of macrophages. Mutations in CSF1 or CSF1R in mice and rats have pleiotropic effects on postnatal somatic growth. We tested the possible application of pig CSF1-Fc fusion protein as a therapy for low birth weight (LBW) at term, using a model based on maternal dexamethasone treatment in rats. Neonatal CSF1-Fc treatment did not alter somatic growth and did not increase the blood monocyte count. Instead, there was a substantial increase in the size of liver in both control and LBW rats, and the treatment greatly exacerbated lipid droplet accumulation seen in the dexamethasone LBW model. These effects were reversed upon cessation of treatment. Transcriptional profiling of the livers supported histochemical evidence of a large increase in macrophages with a resident Kupffer cell phenotype and revealed increased expression of many genes implicated in lipid droplet formation. There was no further increase in hepatocyte proliferation over the already high rates in neonatal liver. In conclusion, treatment of neonatal rats with CSF1-Fc caused an increase in liver size and hepatic lipid accumulation, due to Kupffer cell expansion and/or activation rather than hepatocyte proliferation. Increased liver macrophage numbers and expression of endocytic receptors could mitigate defective clearance functions in neonates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is based on extensive studies in mice and pigs of the role of CSF1/CSF1R in macrophage development and postnatal growth. We extended the study to neonatal rats as a possible therapy for low birth weight. Unlike our previous studies in mice and pigs, there was no increase in hepatocyte proliferation and no increase in monocyte numbers. Instead, neonatal rats treated with CSF1 displayed reversible hepatic steatosis and Kupffer cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pridans
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,2Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A. Sauter
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine M. Irvine
- 3Mater Research-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Gemma M. Davis
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Rojo
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ajit J. Nirmal
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Beard
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,4The Pirbright Institute, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Cheeseman
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A. Hume
- 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,2Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,3Mater Research-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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21
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Hawley CA, Rojo R, Raper A, Sauter KA, Lisowski ZM, Grabert K, Bain CC, Davis GM, Louwe PA, Ostrowski MC, Hume DA, Pridans C, Jenkins SJ. Csf1r-mApple Transgene Expression and Ligand Binding In Vivo Reveal Dynamics of CSF1R Expression within the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. J Immunol 2018; 200:2209-2223. [PMID: 29440354 PMCID: PMC5834790 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CSF1 is the primary growth factor controlling macrophage numbers, but whether expression of the CSF1 receptor differs between discrete populations of mononuclear phagocytes remains unclear. We have generated a Csf1r-mApple transgenic fluorescent reporter mouse that, in combination with lineage tracing, Alexa Fluor 647–labeled CSF1-Fc and CSF1, and a modified ΔCsf1–enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) transgene that lacks a 150 bp segment of the distal promoter, we have used to dissect the differentiation and CSF1 responsiveness of mononuclear phagocyte populations in situ. Consistent with previous Csf1r-driven reporter lines, Csf1r-mApple was expressed in blood monocytes and at higher levels in tissue macrophages, and was readily detectable in whole mounts or with multiphoton microscopy. In the liver and peritoneal cavity, uptake of labeled CSF1 largely reflected transgene expression, with greater receptor activity in mature macrophages than monocytes and tissue-specific expression in conventional dendritic cells. However, CSF1 uptake also differed between subsets of monocytes and discrete populations of tissue macrophages, which in macrophages correlated with their level of dependence on CSF1 receptor signaling for survival rather than degree of transgene expression. A double ΔCsf1r-ECFP-Csf1r-mApple transgenic mouse distinguished subpopulations of microglia in the brain, and permitted imaging of interstitial macrophages distinct from alveolar macrophages, and pulmonary monocytes and conventional dendritic cells. The Csf1r-mApple mice and fluorescently labeled CSF1 will be valuable resources for the study of macrophage and CSF1 biology, which are compatible with existing EGFP-based reporter lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hawley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Rojo
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Zofia M Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Calum C Bain
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma M Davis
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter A Louwe
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - David A Hume
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,Mater Research-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4104, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom;
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22
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Ajufo E, Ueda M, Sikora T, deGoma EM, Dilzell K, Raper A, DerOhannessian S, Hossain E, Mucksavage ML, Cuchel M, Rader DJ. Abstract 435: An Electronic Health Records Query for Severe Hypercholesterolemia Identifies Individuals With Undiagnosed Clinical and Molecular FH at a Tertiary Academic Centre. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1161/atvb.37.suppl_1.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common heritable disorder of elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with an estimated prevalence of 1/200-300 in the US; however, fewer than 10% of cases have been identified. We wanted to examine whether a simple EHR query for severe hypercholesterolemia could be used to identify clinically and genetically defined cases of FH.
Objectives/Purpose:
We tested the hypothesis that querying the EHR using an LDL-C criterion would be a novel way to screen for and ultimately identify undiagnosed cases of FH.
Methods:
An EHR screening query was used to identify active adult patients with LDL-C ≥ 220 mg/dL in the University of Pennsylvania outpatient EHR database. Patients with secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and those who had previous genetic testing for FH were excluded. The query identified 3,475 individuals, 120 were subsequently consented and enrolled for molecular testing. This was performed with next-generation sequencing using Progenika’s SEQPRO LIPO IS platform, targeting
LDLR, APOB, PCSK9
and
LDLRAP1
. A literature search was performed to gather information on identified
LDLR
variants of unknown significance (VUS). In addition,
in-silico
analysis was employed to evaluate the pathogenicity of the
LDLR
and
LDLRAP1
VUS.
Results:
Among the 120 subjects, 53 (44.2%) met the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria for probable or definite clinical FH. Molecularly, 19 FH-related pathogenic mutations were found in 18 (15%) individuals. Four had a common
APOB (
R3500Q) mutation, 14 had a
LDLR
mutation. One individual had a double heterozygous mutation in
PCSK9
and
LDLR.
In addition, 17
LDLR
VUS were identified in 16 (13.9%) individuals. A literature review and
in-silico
analysis predicted that 8 VUS found in 10 subjects were “disease causing”. Therefore, a total of 28 (24.3%) subjects from our cohort carried either a FH causal mutation or likely pathogenic variant. Overall, 59 subjects (49.2%) in our cohort were ascertained to have either a clinical or molecular diagnosis of FH.
Conclusion:
The use of an EHR screening query for severe hypercholesterolemia was a novel, low investment but relatively high yield approach for identifying undiagnosed cases of FH at a tertiary academic centre.
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23
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Ueda M, Ajufo E, Dilzell K, Sikora T, Raper A, DerOhannessian S, Cuchel M, deGoma E, Rader D. Challenges in Interpreting Genetic Reports in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Variants of Uncertain Significance. J Clin Lipidol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Pridans C, Davis GM, Sauter KA, Lisowski ZM, Corripio-Miyar Y, Raper A, Lefevre L, Young R, McCulloch ME, Lillico S, Milne E, Whitelaw B, Hume DA. A Csf1r-EGFP Transgene Provides a Novel Marker for Monocyte Subsets in Sheep. J Immunol 2016; 197:2297-305. [PMID: 27521343 PMCID: PMC5009875 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expression of Csf1r in adults is restricted to cells of the macrophage lineage. Transgenic reporters based upon the Csf1r locus require inclusion of the highly conserved Fms-intronic regulatory element for expression. We have created Csf1r-EGFP transgenic sheep via lentiviral transgenesis of a construct containing elements of the mouse Fms-intronic regulatory element and Csf1r promoter. Committed bone marrow macrophage precursors and blood monocytes express EGFP in these animals. Sheep monocytes were divided into three populations, similar to classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes in humans, based upon CD14 and CD16 expression. All expressed EGFP, with increased levels in the nonclassical subset. Because Csf1r expression coincides with the earliest commitment to the macrophage lineage, Csf1r-EGFP bone marrow provides a tool for studying the earliest events in myelopoiesis using the sheep as a model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Pridans
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Gemma M Davis
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Zofia M Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Lucas Lefevre
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Rachel Young
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mary E McCulloch
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Simon Lillico
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - Elspeth Milne
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
| | - David A Hume
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom; and
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25
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Rose S, Sheth NH, Baker JF, Ogdie A, Raper A, Saboury B, Werner TJ, Thomas P, Vanvoorhees A, Alavi A, Torigian DA, Gelfand JM, Mehta NN. A comparison of vascular inflammation in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and healthy subjects by FDG-PET/CT: a pilot study. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 3:273-278. [PMID: 24224139 PMCID: PMC3819587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psoriasis (PSO) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increase cardiovascular diseases (CVD) beyond traditional risk factors. Vascular inflammation has previously been demonstrated to be present in PSO and RA using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging. However, vascular inflammation has not been compared in these two disorders relative to a healthy reference population. Thus, vascular inflammation was quantitatively assessed in patients with PSO (n=10), RA (n=5), and healthy subjects (n=10) using FDG-PET/CT. METHODS FDG-PET/CT mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) was determined slice by slice within the ascending, aortic arch, descending thoracic, suprarenal abdominal, and infrarenal abdominal aorta, and the mean metabolic volumetric product (MVPmean) was then calculated for each aortic subsegment. Plasma lipids and metabolic and inflammatory markers were also assessed. RESULTS CVD risk profiles were largely similar across groups. After adjustment for CV risk factors, regional aortic vascular inflammation based on MVPmean was elevated for both PSO (beta coefficients 0.31-1.47, p<0.001) and RA (beta coefficients 0.15-0.69, p<0.05) compared to healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS These observations using FDG-PET/CT to estimate vascular inflammation support epidemiological findings of premature atherosclerosis in PSO and RA. The use of FDG-PET/CT to investigate vascular inflammation across systemic inflammatory diseases warrants further examination in larger study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Rose
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
| | - Nikhil H Sheth
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Joshua F Baker
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Alexis Ogdie
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Anna Raper
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Babak Saboury
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Thomas J Werner
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Preethi Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Abby Vanvoorhees
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Abass Alavi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Drew A Torigian
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Joel M Gelfand
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Nehal N Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
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Mehta NN, Sheth NH, Baker J, Ogdie A, Raper A, Saboury B, Werner TJ, Thomas P, Van Voorhees A, Alavi A, Torigian D, Gelfand J. A COMPARISON OF VASCULAR INFLAMMATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, PSORIASIS AND HEALTHY CONTROLS BY FDG-PET/CT: A PILOT STUDY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(13)61056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yu Y, Sheth N, Krishnamoorthy P, Saboury B, Raper A, Baer A, Ochotony R, Doveikis J, Derohannessian S, Voorhees ASV, Torigian DA, Alavi A, Gelfand JM, Mehta NN. Aortic vascular inflammation in psoriasis is associated with HDL particle size and concentration: a pilot study. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2012; 2:285-292. [PMID: 23173102 PMCID: PMC3499940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a model Th1-mediated inflammatory disease associated with increased incidence of stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The mechanism behind these associations is unknown, however abnormal HDL particle composition measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been shown to be associated with CVD. Using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT), a validated surrogate marker of CVD, we assessed whether HDL particle size and concentration were associated with vascular inflammation in patients with psoriasis. Patients with psoriasis were prospectively enrolled (439 aortic samples from 10 patients). Lipoprotein profiles using NMR spectroscopy were obtained and the relationship between vascular inflammation within the thoracic aorta by FDG-PET/CT was analyzed for association with lipoprotein particle characteristics. The plasma total cholesterol (206 mg/dL (IQR 154-229)), LDL (105 (90-161)), and triglyceride levels were within normal range (151 (94-191)) while HDL levels were low (28.9 (27.2-31.3)); however, the NMR profile demonstrated an atherogenic profile with increased small LDL and HDL particles. Total HDL particle concentration (p<0.001) and HDL particle size (p<0.001) were associated with decreased aortic inflammation, while concentration of small HDL particles was associated with increased inflammation (p<0.001). The association of total HDL particle concentration (β -0.0113, p=0.002) and small HDL particle concentration (β 0.026, p<0.001) with aortic inflammation persisted following adjustment for CVD risk factors. Total HDL particle concentration and small HDL particle concentration were associated with vascular inflammation within the thoracic aorta in psoriasis. These findings suggest that HDL particle characteristics may play an important role in psoriatic vascular inflammation and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Yu
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania 6 Penn Tower, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mehta NN, Krishnamoorthy P, Yu Y, Khan O, Raper A, Van Voorhees A, Troxel AB, Gelfand JM. The impact of psoriasis on 10-year Framingham risk. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 67:796-8. [PMID: 22739354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mehta NN, Yu Y, Saboury B, Foroughi N, Krishnamoorthy P, Raper A, Baer A, Antigua J, Van Voorhees AS, Torigian DA, Alavi A, Gelfand JM. Systemic and vascular inflammation in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis as measured by [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT): a pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 147:1031-9. [PMID: 21576552 DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2011.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of using [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to detect and quantify systemic inflammation in patients with psoriasis. DESIGN Case series with a nested case-control study. SETTING Referral dermatology and preventive cardiology practices. PARTICIPANTS Six patients with psoriasis affecting more than 10% of their body surface area and 4 controls age and sex matched to 4 of the patients with psoriasis for a nested case-control study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The FDG uptake in the liver, musculoskeletal structures, and aorta measured by mean standardized uptake value, a measure of FDG tracer uptake by macrophages and other inflammatory cells. RESULTS FDG-PET/CT identified numerous foci of inflammation in 6 patients with psoriasis within the skin, liver, joints, tendons, and aorta. Inflammation in the joints was observed in a patient with psoriatic arthritis as well as in 1 patient with no history of joint disease or joint symptoms. In a nested case-control study, FDG-PET/CT imaging demonstrated increased vascular inflammation in multiple segments of the aorta compared with controls. These findings persisted after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors in multivariate analysis (mean β = 0.33; P < .001). Patients with psoriasis further demonstrated increased hepatic inflammation after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors (β = 0.18; P < .001), but the association was no longer significant when adjusted for alcohol intake (β = -0.25; P = .07). CONCLUSION FDG-PET/CT is a sensitive tool for identifying inflammation and can be used to identify clinically observed inflammation in the skin and subclinical inflammation in the blood vessels, joints, and liver of patients with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal N Mehta
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 6 Penn Tower, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Zeissig S, Dougan SK, Barral DC, Junker Y, Chen Z, Kaser A, Ho M, Mandel H, McIntyre A, Kennedy SM, Painter GF, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Cerundolo V, Yue S, Beladi S, Behar SM, Chen X, Gumperz JE, Breckpot K, Raper A, Baer A, Exley MA, Hegele RA, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Davidson NO, Blumberg RS. Primary deficiency of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in human abetalipoproteinemia is associated with loss of CD1 function. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2889-99. [PMID: 20592474 DOI: 10.1172/jci42703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) is a rare Mendelian disorder of lipid metabolism due to genetic deficiency in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). It is associated with defects in MTP-mediated lipid transfer onto apolipoprotein B (APOB) and impaired secretion of APOB-containing lipoproteins. Recently, MTP was shown to regulate the CD1 family of lipid antigen-presenting molecules, but little is known about immune function in ABL patients. Here, we have shown that ABL is characterized by immune defects affecting presentation of self and microbial lipid antigens by group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c) and group 2 (CD1d) CD1 molecules. In dendritic cells isolated from ABL patients, MTP deficiency was associated with increased proteasomal degradation of group 1 CD1 molecules. Although CD1d escaped degradation, it was unable to load antigens and exhibited functional defects similar to those affecting the group 1 CD1 molecules. The reduction in CD1 function resulted in impaired activation of CD1-restricted T and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and reduced numbers and phenotypic alterations of iNKT cells consistent with central and peripheral CD1 defects in vivo. These data highlight MTP as a unique regulator of human metabolic and immune pathways and reveal that ABL is not only a disorder of lipid metabolism but also an immune disease involving CD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zeissig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Zucchini N, Bessou G, Robbins SH, Chasson L, Raper A, Crocker PR, Dalod M. Individual plasmacytoid dendritic cells are major contributors to the production of multiple innate cytokines in an organ-specific manner during viral infection. Int Immunol 2007; 20:45-56. [PMID: 18000008 PMCID: PMC7110020 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are an important source of IFN-α/β in response to a variety of viruses in vivo, including murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). However, the respective contributions of various infected organs, and within these of pDCs, conventional dendritic cells and other cells, to the systemic production of IFN-α/β or other innate cytokines during viral infections in vivo is largely unknown. Whether a specialization of pDC subsets in the production of different patterns of innate cytokines exists in vivo in response to a viral infection has not been investigated. Here, by analyzing for the first time directly ex vivo, at the single-cell level, the simultaneous production of up to three cytokines in pDCs isolated from MCMV-infected mice, we show that (i) pDCs are the quasi-exclusive source of IFN-α/β, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, early during MCMV infection, in two immunocompetent mouse lines and with two viral strains, (ii) pDC activation for IFN-α/β production is organ specific and (iii) a significant proportion of pDCs simultaneously produce IFN-α/β, TNF-α and IL-12, although TNF-α and IFN-α/β appear more often co-expressed with one another than each of them with IL-12. Altogether, these results show a broad and non-redundant role of pDCs in early innate detection of, and defense against, viral infection. The data also show differences in the responsiveness of pDCs from different tissues and suggest distinct molecular requirements for pDC production of various cytokines. These observations must be taken into account when designing new antiviral vaccination strategies aimed at harnessing pDC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zucchini
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, 13288 Marseille cedex 9, France
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Abstract
The siglecs (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins) are a family of transmembrane receptors expressed in the haemopoietic, immune and nervous systems. The CD33-related siglecs are a distinct subset mostly expressed in the innate immune system where they can function as inhibitory receptors by suppressing the signalling mediated by receptors coupled with ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs). CD33-related siglecs contain ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs) that recruit and activate SHP-1 [SH2 (Src homology 2) domain-containing phosphatase-1] and SHP-2. In addition, the ITIMs of CD33-related siglecs can suppress siglec-dependent adhesion of sialylated ligands and mediate endocytosis. Siglec-H is a recently characterized murine CD33-related endocytic receptor that lacks intrinsic tyrosine-based signalling motifs and is expressed selectively on PDCs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells). Siglec-H depends on DAP12 (DNAX-activating protein of 12 kDa) for surface expression and cross-linking with anti-siglec-H antibodies can selectively inhibit interferon-alpha production by PDCs following TLR9 (Toll-like receptor 9) ligation. Thus CD33-related siglecs are able to mediate diverse inhibitory functions of leucocytes in the innate immune system via both ITIM-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Avril
- Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
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Zimmermann N, McBride M, Yamada Y, Raper A, Crocker P, Rothenberg M, Bochner B. In Vivo Depletion of Murine Eosinophils by Antibodies to Siglec-F. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang J, Raper A, Sugita N, Hingorani R, Salio M, Palmowski MJ, Cerundolo V, Crocker PR. Characterization of Siglec-H as a novel endocytic receptor expressed on murine plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors. Blood 2006; 107:3600-8. [PMID: 16397130 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the cloning and characterization of Siglec-H, a novel murine CD33-related siglec-like molecule with 2 immunoglobulin domains. Unlike other CD33-related siglecs, Siglec-H lacks tyrosine-based signaling motifs in its cytoplasmic tail. Although Siglec-H has the typical structural features required for sialic acid binding, no evidence for carbohydrate recognition was obtained. Specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (Abs) were raised to Siglec-H and used to define its cellular expression pattern and functional properties. By flow cytometry, Siglec-H was expressed specifically on plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) precursors in bone marrow, spleen, blood, and lymph nodes. Staining of tissue sections showed that Siglec-H was also expressed in a subset of marginal zone macrophages in the spleen and in medullary macrophages in lymph nodes. Using bone marrow-derived pDC precursors that express Siglec-H, addition of Abs did not influence cytokine production, either in the presence or absence of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine-guanine motifs (CpG). In comparison, Siglec-H functioned as an endocytic receptor and mediated efficient internalization of anti-Siglec-H Abs. By immunizing mice with ovalbumin-conjugated anti-Siglec-H Ab in the presence of CpG, we demonstrate generation of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in vivo. Targeting Siglec-H may therefore be a useful way of delivering antigens to pDC precursors for cross-presentation.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Endocytosis/immunology
- Gene Expression
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/cytology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism
- Plasma Cells/cytology
- Plasma Cells/immunology
- Plasma Cells/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiquan Zhang
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Wellcome Trust Biocentre at Dundee, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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Turnbull AP, Raper A, Mesibov GB. University students with special needs speak out: improving the quality of educational experiences. Rehabil Lit 1978; 39:294-8. [PMID: 151901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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