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Srivastava S, Shaked HM, Gable K, Gupta SD, Pan X, Somashekarappa N, Han G, Mohassel P, Gotkine M, Doney E, Goldenberg P, Tan QKG, Gong Y, Kleinstiver B, Wishart B, Cope H, Pires CB, Stutzman H, Spillmann RC, Sadjadi R, Elpeleg O, Lee CH, Bellen HJ, Edvardson S, Eichler F, Dunn TM, Dai H, Dhar SU, Emrick LT, Goldman AM, Hanchard NA, Jamal F, Karaviti L, Lalani SR, Lee BH, Lewis RA, Marom R, Moretti PM, Murdock DR, Nicholas SK, Orengo JP, Posey JE, Potocki L, Rosenfeld JA, Samson SL, Scott DA, Tran AA, Vogel TP, Wangler MF, Yamamoto S, Eng CM, Liu P, Ward PA, Behrens E, Deardorff M, Falk M, Hassey K, Sullivan K, Vanderver A, Goldstein DB, Cope H, McConkie-Rosell A, Schoch K, Shashi V, Smith EC, Spillmann RC, Sullivan JA, Tan QKG, Walley NM, Agrawal PB, Beggs AH, Berry GT, Briere LC, Cobban LA, Coggins M, Cooper CM, Fieg EL, High F, Holm IA, Korrick S, Krier JB, Lincoln SA, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, MacRae CA, Pallais JC, Rao DA, Rodan LH, Silverman EK, Stoler JM, Sweetser DA, Walker M, Walsh CA, Esteves C, Kelley EG, Kohane IS, LeBlanc K, McCray AT, Nagy A, Dasari S, Lanpher BC, Lanza IR, Morava E, Oglesbee D, Bademci G, Barbouth D, Bivona S, Carrasquillo O, Chang TCP, Forghani I, Grajewski A, Isasi R, Lam B, Levitt R, Liu XZ, McCauley J, Sacco R, Saporta M, Schaechter J, Tekin M, Telischi F, Thorson W, Zuchner S, Colley HA, Dayal JG, Eckstein DJ, Findley LC, Krasnewich DM, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Mulvihill JJ, LaMoure GL, Goldrich MP, Urv TK, Doss AL, Acosta MT, Bonnenmann C, D’Souza P, Draper DD, Ferreira C, Godfrey RA, Groden CA, Macnamara EF, Maduro VV, Markello TC, Nath A, Novacic D, Pusey BN, Toro C, Wahl CE, Baker E, Burke EA, Adams DR, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV, Tifft CJ, Wolfe LA, Yang J, Power B, Gochuico B, Huryn L, Latham L, Davis J, Mosbrook-Davis D, Rossignol F, Solomon B, MacDowall J, Thurm A, Zein W, Yousef M, Adam M, Amendola L, Bamshad M, Beck A, Bennett J, Berg-Rood B, Blue E, Boyd B, Byers P, Chanprasert S, Cunningham M, Dipple K, Doherty D, Earl D, Glass I, Golden-Grant K, Hahn S, Hing A, Hisama FM, Horike-Pyne M, Jarvik GP, Jarvik J, Jayadev S, Lam C, Maravilla K, Mefford H, Merritt JL, Mirzaa G, Nickerson D, Raskind W, Rosenwasser N, Scott CR, Sun A, Sybert V, Wallace S, Wener M, Wenger T, Ashley EA, Bejerano G, Bernstein JA, Bonner D, Coakley TR, Fernandez L, Fisher PG, Fresard L, Hom J, Huang Y, Kohler JN, Kravets E, Majcherska MM, Martin BA, Marwaha S, McCormack CE, Raja AN, Reuter CM, Ruzhnikov M, Sampson JB, Smith KS, Sutton S, Tabor HK, Tucker BM, Wheeler MT, Zastrow DB, Zhao C, Byrd WE, Crouse AB, Might M, Nakano-Okuno M, Whitlock J, Brown G, Butte MJ, Dell’Angelica EC, Dorrani N, Douine ED, Fogel BL, Gutierrez I, Huang A, Krakow D, Lee H, Loo SK, Mak BC, Martin MG, Martínez-Agosto JA, McGee E, Nelson SF, Nieves-Rodriguez S, Palmer CGS, Papp JC, Parker NH, Renteria G, Signer RH, Sinsheimer JS, Wan J, Wang LK, Perry KW, Woods JD, Alvey J, Andrews A, Bale J, Bohnsack J, Botto L, Carey J, Pace L, Longo N, Marth G, Moretti P, Quinlan A, Velinder M, Viskochi D, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Mao R, Westerfield M, Bican A, Brokamp E, Duncan L, Hamid R, Kennedy J, Kozuira M, Newman JH, PhillipsIII JA, Rives L, Robertson AK, Solem E, Cogan JD, Cole FS, Hayes N, Kiley D, Sisco K, Wambach J, Wegner D, Baldridge D, Pak S, Schedl T, Shin J, Solnica-Krezel L, Sadjadi R, Elpeleg O, Lee CH, Bellen HJ, Edvardson S, Eichler F, Dunn TM. SPTSSA variants alter sphingolipid synthesis and cause a complex hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2023; 146:1420-1435. [PMID: 36718090 PMCID: PMC10319774 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a diverse family of lipids with critical structural and signalling functions in the mammalian nervous system, where they are abundant in myelin membranes. Serine palmitoyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyses the rate-limiting reaction of sphingolipid synthesis, is composed of multiple subunits including an activating subunit, SPTSSA. Sphingolipids are both essential and cytotoxic and their synthesis must therefore be tightly regulated. Key to the homeostatic regulation are the ORMDL proteins that are bound to serine palmitoyltransferase and mediate feedback inhibition of enzymatic activity when sphingolipid levels become excessive. Exome sequencing identified potential disease-causing variants in SPTSSA in three children presenting with a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. The effect of these variants on the catalytic activity and homeostatic regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase was investigated in human embryonic kidney cells, patient fibroblasts and Drosophila. Our results showed that two different pathogenic variants in SPTSSA caused a hereditary spastic paraplegia resulting in progressive motor disturbance with variable sensorineural hearing loss and language/cognitive dysfunction in three individuals. The variants in SPTSSA impaired the negative regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase by ORMDLs leading to excessive sphingolipid synthesis based on biochemical studies and in vivo studies in Drosophila. These findings support the pathogenicity of the SPTSSA variants and point to excessive sphingolipid synthesis due to impaired homeostatic regulation of serine palmitoyltransferase as responsible for defects in early brain development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, BostonChildren's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hagar Mor Shaked
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Kenneth Gable
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sita D Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Xueyang Pan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Niranjanakumari Somashekarappa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gongshe Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Payam Mohassel
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Marc Gotkine
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | | | - Paula Goldenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Queenie K G Tan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yi Gong
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian Wishart
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Heidi Cope
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Claudia Brito Pires
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hannah Stutzman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rebecca C Spillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Reza Sadjadi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91240, Israel
| | - Florian Eichler
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114 , USA
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91120 , Israel
| | - Chia-Hsueh Lee
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital , Memphis, TN 38105 , USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital , Houston, TX 77030 , USA
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus , Jerusalem 91240 , Israel
| | - Florian Eichler
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114 , USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02114 , USA
| | - Teresa M Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD 20814 , USA
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Morimoto M, Bhambhani V, Gazzaz N, Davids M, Sathiyaseelan P, Macnamara EF, Lange J, Lehman A, Zerfas PM, Murphy JL, Acosta MT, Wang C, Alderman E, Reichert S, Thurm A, Adams DR, Introne WJ, Gorski SM, Boerkoel CF, Gahl WA, Tifft CJ, Malicdan MCV, Baldridge D, Bale J, Bamshad M, Barbouth D, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Beck A, Beggs AH, Behrens E, Bejerano G, Bellen HJ, Bennett J, Berg-Rood B, Bernstein JA, Berry GT, Bican A, Bivona S, Blue E, Bohnsack J, Bonner D, Botto L, Boyd B, Briere LC, Brokamp E, Brown G, Burke EA, Burrage LC, Butte MJ, Byers P, Byrd WE, Carey J, Carrasquillo O, Cassini T, Chang TCP, Chanprasert S, Chao HT, Clark GD, Coakley TR, Cobban LA, Cogan JD, Coggins M, Cole FS, Colley HA, Cooper CM, Cope H, Craigen WJ, Crouse AB, Cunningham M, D’Souza P, Dai H, Dasari S, Davis J, Dayal JG, Dell’Angelica EC, Dipple K, Doherty D, Dorrani N, Doss AL, Douine ED, Duncan L, Earl D, Eckstein DJ, Emrick LT, Eng CM, Esteves C, Falk M, Fieg EL, Fisher PG, Fogel BL, Forghani I, Glass I, Gochuico B, Goddard PC, Godfrey RA, Golden-Grant K, Grajewski A, Gutierrez I, Hadley D, Hahn S, Halley MC, Hamid R, Hassey K, Hayes N, High F, Hing A, Hisama FM, Holm IA, Hom J, Horike-Pyne M, Huang A, Hutchison S, Introne WJ, Isasi R, Izumi K, Jamal F, Jarvik GP, Jarvik J, Jayadev S, Jean-Marie O, Jobanputra V, Karaviti L, Kennedy J, Ketkar S, Kiley D, Kilich G, Kobren SN, Kohane IS, Kohler JN, Korrick S, Kozuira M, Krakow D, Krasnewich DM, Kravets E, Lalani SR, Lam B, Lam C, Lanpher BC, Lanza IR, LeBlanc K, Lee BH, Levitt R, Lewis RA, Liu P, Liu XZ, Longo N, Loo SK, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, MacRae CA, Maduro VV, Mahoney R, Mak BC, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Mao R, Maravilla K, Marom R, Marth G, Martin BA, Martin MG, Martínez-Agosto JA, Marwaha S, McCauley J, McConkie-Rosell A, McCray AT, McGee E, Mefford H, Merritt JL, Might M, Mirzaa G, Morava E, Moretti P, Nakano-Okuno M, Nelson SF, Newman JH, Nicholas SK, Nickerson D, Nieves-Rodriguez S, Novacic D, Oglesbee D, Orengo JP, Pace L, Pak S, Pallais JC, Palmer CGS, Papp JC, Parker NH, Phillips JA, Posey JE, Potocki L, Pusey Swerdzewski BN, Quinlan A, Rao DA, Raper A, Raskind W, Renteria G, Reuter CM, Rives L, Robertson AK, Rodan LH, Rosenfeld JA, Rosenwasser N, Rossignol F, Ruzhnikov M, Sacco R, Sampson JB, Saporta M, Schaechter J, Schedl T, Schoch K, Scott DA, Scott CR, Shashi V, Shin J, Silverman EK, Sinsheimer JS, Sisco K, Smith EC, Smith KS, Solem E, Solnica-Krezel L, Solomon B, Spillmann RC, Stoler JM, Sullivan K, Sullivan JA, Sun A, Sutton S, Sweetser DA, Sybert V, Tabor HK, Tan QKG, Tan ALM, Tekin M, Telischi F, Thorson W, Toro C, Tran AA, Ungar RA, Urv TK, Vanderver A, Velinder M, Viskochil D, Vogel TP, Wahl CE, Walker M, Wallace S, Walley NM, Wambach J, Wan J, Wang LK, Wangler MF, Ward PA, Wegner D, Weisz Hubshman M, Wener M, Wenger T, Wesseling Perry K, Westerfield M, Wheeler MT, Whitlock J, Wolfe LA, Worley K, Xiao C, Yamamoto S, Yang J, Zhang Z, Zuchner S, Reichert S, Thurm A, Adams DR, Introne WJ, Gorski SM, Boerkoel CF, Gahl WA, Tifft CJ, Malicdan MCV. Bi-allelic ATG4D variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:4. [PMID: 36765070 PMCID: PMC9918471 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy regulates the degradation of damaged organelles and protein aggregates, and is critical for neuronal development, homeostasis, and maintenance, yet few neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with pathogenic variants in genes encoding autophagy-related proteins. We report three individuals from two unrelated families with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by speech and motor impairment, and similar facial characteristics. Rare, conserved, bi-allelic variants were identified in ATG4D, encoding one of four ATG4 cysteine proteases important for autophagosome biogenesis, a hallmark of autophagy. Autophagosome biogenesis and induction of autophagy were intact in cells from affected individuals. However, studies evaluating the predominant substrate of ATG4D, GABARAPL1, demonstrated that three of the four ATG4D patient variants functionally impair ATG4D activity. GABARAPL1 is cleaved or "primed" by ATG4D and an in vitro GABARAPL1 priming assay revealed decreased priming activity for three of the four ATG4D variants. Furthermore, a rescue experiment performed in an ATG4 tetra knockout cell line, in which all four ATG4 isoforms were knocked out by gene editing, showed decreased GABARAPL1 priming activity for the two ATG4D missense variants located in the cysteine protease domain required for priming, suggesting that these variants impair the function of ATG4D. The clinical, bioinformatic, and functional data suggest that bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in ATG4D contribute to the pathogenesis of this syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Morimoto
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Vikas Bhambhani
- grid.418506.e0000 0004 0629 5022Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA
| | - Nour Gazzaz
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariska Davids
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Paalini Sathiyaseelan
- grid.434706.20000 0004 0410 5424Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Ellen F. Macnamara
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | | | - Anna Lehman
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - Patricia M. Zerfas
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Jennifer L. Murphy
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Maria T. Acosta
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Camille Wang
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Emily Alderman
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | | | - Sara Reichert
- grid.418506.e0000 0004 0629 5022Department of Medical Genetics, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - David R. Adams
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Wendy J. Introne
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sharon M. Gorski
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.434706.20000 0004 0410 5424Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada ,grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Cornelius F. Boerkoel
- grid.17091.3e0000 0001 2288 9830Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada ,grid.414137.40000 0001 0684 7788Provincial Medical Genetics Program, British Columbia Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1 Canada
| | - William A. Gahl
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Cynthia J. Tifft
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - May Christine V. Malicdan
- grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ,grid.94365.3d0000 0001 2297 5165Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Miller IM, Yashar BM, Macnamara EF, Adams DR, Agrawal PB, Alvey J, Amendola L, Andrews A, Ashley EA, Azamian MS, Bacino CA, Bademci G, Baker E, Balasubramanyam A, Baldridge D, Bale J, Bamshad M, Barbouth D, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Beck A, Beggs AH, Behrens E, Bejerano G, Bellen HJ, Bennett J, Berg-Rood B, Bernstein JA, Berry GT, Bican A, Bivona S, Blue E, Bohnsack J, Bonnenmann C, Bonner D, Botto L, Boyd B, Briere LC, Brokamp E, Brown G, Burke EA, Burrage LC, Butte MJ, Byers P, Byrd WE, Carey J, Carrasquillo O, Chang TCP, Chanprasert S, Chao HT, Clark GD, Coakley TR, Cobban LA, Cogan JD, Coggins M, Cole FS, Colley HA, Cooper CM, Cope H, Craigen WJ, Crouse AB, Cunningham M, D’Souza P, Dai H, Dasari S, Davis J, Dayal JG, Dell’Angelica EC, Dipple K, Doherty D, Dorrani N, Doss AL, Douine ED, Draper DD, Duncan L, Earl D, Eckstein DJ, Emrick LT, Eng CM, Esteves C, Falk M, Fernandez L, Ferreira C, Fieg EL, Findley LC, Fisher PG, Fogel BL, Forghani I, Gahl WA, Glass I, Gochuico B, Godfrey RA, Golden-Grant K, Goldrich MP, Goldstein DB, Grajewski A, Groden CA, Gutierrez I, Hahn S, Hamid R, Hassey K, Hayes N, High F, Hing A, Hisama FM, Holm IA, Hom J, Horike-Pyne M, Huang Y, Huang A, Huryn L, Isasi R, Izumi K, Jamal F, Jarvik GP, Jarvik J, Jayadev S, Karaviti L, Kennedy J, Ketkar S, Kiley D, Kilich G, Kobren SN, Kohane IS, Kohler JN, Korrick S, Kozuira M, Krakow D, Krasnewich DM, Kravets E, Krier JB, Lalani SR, Lam B, Lam C, LaMoure GL, Lanpher BC, Lanza IR, Latham L, LeBlanc K, Lee BH, Lee H, Levitt R, Lewis RA, Lincoln SA, Liu P, Liu XZ, Longo N, Loo SK, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, MacDowall J, Macnamara EF, MacRae CA, Maduro VV, Mahoney R, Mak BC, Malicdan MCV, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Mao R, Maravilla K, Markello TC, Marom R, Marth G, Martin BA, Martin MG, Martfnez-Agosto JA, Marwaha S, McCauley J, McConkie-Rosell A, McCray AT, McGee E, Mefford H, Merritt JL, Might M, Mirzaa G, Morava E, Moretti PM, Moretti P, Mosbrook-Davis D, Mulvihill JJ, Nakano-Okuno M, Nath A, Nelson SF, Newman JH, Nicholas SK, Nickerson D, Nieves-Rodriguez S, Novacic D, Oglesbee D, Orengo JP, Pace L, Pak S, Pallais JC, Palmer CGS, Papp JC, Parker NH, Phillips JA, Posey JE, Potocki L, Power B, Pusey BN, Quinlan A, Raja AN, Rao DA, Raper A, Raskind W, Renteria G, Reuter CM, Rives L, Robertson AK, Rodan LH, Rosenfeld JA, Rosenwasser N, Rossignol F, Ruzhnikov M, Sacco R, Sampson JB, Saporta M, Schaechter J, Schedl T, Schoch K, Scott DA, Scott CR, Shashi V, Shin J, Signer RH, Silverman EK, Sinsheimer JS, Sisco K, Smith EC, Smith KS, Solem E, Solnica-Krezel L, Solomon B, Spillmann RC, Stoler JM, Sullivan K, Sullivan JA, Sun A, Sutton S, Sweetser DA, Sybert V, Tabor HK, Tan QKG, Tan ALM, Tekin M, Telischi F, Thorson W, Thurm A, Tifft CJ, Toro C, Tran AA, Tucker BM, Urv TK, Vanderver A, Velinder M, Viskochil D, Vogel TP, Wahl CE, Walker M, Wallace S, Walley NM, Walsh CA, Wambach J, Wan J, Wang LK, Wangler MF, Ward PA, Wegner D, Hubshman MW, Wener M, Wenger T, Perry KW, Westerfield M, Wheeler MT, Whitlock J, Wolfe LA, Woods JD, Worley K, Yamamoto S, Yang J, Yousef M, Zastrow DB, Zein W, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zuchner S, Macnamara EF. Continuing a search for a diagnosis: the impact of adolescence and family dynamics. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:6. [PMID: 36624503 PMCID: PMC9830697 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The "diagnostic odyssey" describes the process those with undiagnosed conditions undergo to identify a diagnosis. Throughout this process, families of children with undiagnosed conditions have multiple opportunities to decide whether to continue or stop their search for a diagnosis and accept the lack of a diagnostic label. Previous studies identified factors motivating a family to begin searching, but there is limited information about the decision-making process in a prolonged search and how the affected child impacts a family's decision. This study aimed to understand how families of children with undiagnosed diseases decide whether to continue to pursue a diagnosis after standard clinical testing has failed. Parents who applied to the Undiagnosed Disease Network (UDN) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The 2015 Supportive Care Needs model by Pelenstov, which defines critical needs in families with rare/undiagnosed diseases, provided a framework for interview guide development and transcript analysis (Pelentsov et al in Disabil Health J 8(4):475-491, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DHJO.2015.03.009 ). A deductive, iterative coding approach was used to identify common unifying themes. Fourteen parents from 13 families were interviewed. The average child's age was 11 years (range 3-18) and an average 63% of their life had been spent searching for a diagnosis. Our analysis found that alignment or misalignment of parent and child needs impact the trajectory of the diagnostic search. When needs and desires align, reevaluation of a decision to pursue a diagnosis is limited. However, when there is conflict between parent and child desires, there is reevaluation, and often a pause, in the search. This tension is exacerbated when children are adolescents and attempting to balance their dependence on parents for medical care with a natural desire for independence. Our results provide novel insights into the roles of adolescents in the diagnostic odyssey. The tension between desired and realistic developmental outcomes for parents and adolescents impacts if, and how, the search for a diagnosis progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana M. Miller
- grid.239560.b0000 0004 0482 1586Children’s National Medical Center, Rare Disease Institute, 7125 13th Place NW, DC 20012 Washington, USA ,grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4909 Buhl Building, Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Beverly M. Yashar
- grid.214458.e0000000086837370Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, 4909 Buhl Building, Catherine St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Ellen F. Macnamara
- grid.453125.40000 0004 0533 8641National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
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Ryan J, McCallion P, McCarron M, Luus R, Burke EA. Overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions in older people with intellectual disability in Ireland. J Intellect Disabil Res 2021; 65:1097-1109. [PMID: 34750916 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions (CHCs) in older people with intellectual disability (ID). METHODS Data for this cross-sectional observational study emanated from Wave 2 of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a longitudinal study assessing the health and well-being of older Irish adults with ID aged ≥40 years across all levels of ID. Participation involves an interview process and collation of objective health measures. In this study, body mass index (BMI) (n = 572), used as a measure of weight status, was examined with clustered doctor's diagnosed CHCs. Descriptive analysis was conducted where counts (n) and proportions (%) were used to summarise the variables univariately, while cross-tabulations were used for bivariate summary into counts and proportions. With overweight/obesity prevalence established and patterns described using logistical regression, Pearson's chi-squared test was used to test for significant associations. RESULTS Overweight/obesity identified in 69% of participants occurred with greater frequency in women (72%). A higher percentage of participants aged <50 years (72.5%) were overweight/obese than those aged 50-64 (70%) and 65+ (61.4%). Level of ID and residence type were significantly associated with weight status (P < 0.001), with overweight/obesity more prevalent in mild (85.7%) than moderate (72%) or severe/profound ID (51.4%). Of those who lived independently/with family, 78.4% were overweight/obese, as were 74% living in a community group home (P < 0.001). Almost all overweight/obese participants' waist measurements were in the substantially increased risk of metabolic disease waist measurement category (92%, P < 0.001). Logistical regression used to model CHCs on BMI showed significant association between BMI and gastrointestinal tract [odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, P < 0.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) = (0.37; 0.86)], respiratory condition [OR = 8.95, P < 0.004, 95% CI = (2.57; 56.72)] and musculoskeletal disorders [OR = 0.40, P < 0.001, 95% CI = (0.25; 0.63)]. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate the strong cross-sectional association between overweight/obesity and CHCs. These findings suggest a need to prioritise weight status as a health risk to people with ID as they age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ryan
- Trinity Center for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - P McCallion
- Temple School of Social Work, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M McCarron
- Trinity Center for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - R Luus
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E A Burke
- Trinity Center for Ageing and Intellectual Disability, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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5
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Burke EA, Sturgeon M, Zastrow DB, Fernandez L, Prybol C, Marwaha S, Frothingham EP, Ward PA, Eng CM, Fresard L, Montgomery SB, Enns GM, Fisher PG, Wolfe LA, Harding B, Carrington B, Bishop K, Sood R, Huang Y, Elkahloun A, Toro C, Bassuk AG, Wheeler MT, Markello TC, Gahl WA, Malicdan MCV. Compound heterozygous KCTD7 variants in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. J Neurogenet 2021; 35:74-83. [PMID: 33970744 DOI: 10.1080/01677063.2021.1892095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
KCTD7 is a member of the potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing protein family and has been associated with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (PME), characterized by myoclonus, epilepsy, and neurological deterioration. Here we report four affected individuals from two unrelated families in which we identified KCTD7 compound heterozygous single nucleotide variants through exome sequencing. RNAseq was used to detect a non-annotated splicing junction created by a synonymous variant in the second family. Whole-cell patch-clamp analysis of neuroblastoma cells overexpressing the patients' variant alleles demonstrated aberrant potassium regulation. While all four patients experienced many of the common clinical features of PME, they also showed variable phenotypes not previously reported, including dysautonomia, brain pathology findings including a significantly reduced thalamus, and the lack of myoclonic seizures. To gain further insight into the pathogenesis of the disorder, zinc finger nucleases were used to generate kctd7 knockout zebrafish. Kctd7 homozygous mutants showed global dysregulation of gene expression and increased transcription of c-fos, which has previously been correlated with seizure activity in animal models. Together these findings expand the known phenotypic spectrum of KCTD7-associated PME, report a new animal model for future studies, and contribute valuable insights into the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Burke
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Sturgeon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Diane B Zastrow
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liliana Fernandez
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Prybol
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shruti Marwaha
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Ward
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine M Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laure Fresard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregory M Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Fisher
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Harding
- Departments of Pathology and Lab Medicine (Neuropathology), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Blake Carrington
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raman Sood
- Zebrafish Core, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yan Huang
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- Microarray Core, Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Center for Undiagnosed Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NIH and National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Mao D, Reuter CM, Ruzhnikov MR, Beck AE, Farrow EG, Emrick LT, Rosenfeld JA, Mackenzie KM, Robak L, Wheeler MT, Burrage LC, Jain M, Liu P, Calame D, Küry S, Sillesen M, Schmitz-Abe K, Tonduti D, Spaccini L, Iascone M, Genetti CA, Koenig MK, Graf M, Tran A, Alejandro M, Lee BH, Thiffault I, Agrawal PB, Bernstein JA, Bellen HJ, Chao HT, Acosta MT, Adam M, Adams DR, Agrawal PB, Alejandro ME, Allard P, Alvey J, Amendola L, Andrews A, Ashley EA, Azamian MS, Bacino CA, Bademci G, Baker E, Balasubramanyam A, Baldridge D, Bale J, Bamshad M, Barbouth D, Batzli GF, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Beck A, Beggs AH, Bejerano G, Bellen HJ, Bennet J, Berg-Rood B, Bernier R, Bernstein JA, Berry GT, Bican A, Bivona S, Blue E, Bohnsack J, Bonnenmann C, Bonner D, Botto L, Briere LC, Brokamp E, Burke EA, Burrage LC, Butte MJ, Byers P, Carey J, Carrasquillo O, Chang TCP, Chanprasert S, Chao HT, Clark GD, Coakley TR, Cobban LA, Cogan JD, Cole FS, Colley HA, Cooper CM, Cope H, Craigen WJ, Cunningham M, D’Souza P, Dai H, Dasari S, Davids M, Dayal JG, Dell’Angelica EC, Dhar SU, Dipple K, Doherty D, Dorrani N, Douine ED, Draper DD, Duncan L, Earl D, Eckstein DJ, Emrick LT, Eng CM, Esteves C, Estwick T, Fernandez L, Ferreira C, Fieg EL, Fisher PG, Fogel BL, Forghani I, Fresard L, Gahl WA, Glass I, Godfrey RA, Golden-Grant K, Goldman AM, Goldstein DB, Grajewski A, Groden CA, Gropman AL, Hahn S, Hamid R, Hanchard NA, Hayes N, High F, Hing A, Hisama FM, Holm IA, Hom J, Horike-Pyne M, Huang A, Huang Y, Isasi R, Jamal F, Jarvik GP, Jarvik J, Jayadev S, Jiang YH, Johnston JM, Karaviti L, Kelley EG, Kiley D, Kohane IS, Kohler JN, Krakow D, Krasnewich DM, Korrick S, Koziura M, Krier JB, Lalani SR, Lam B, Lam C, Lanpher BC, Lanza IR, Lau CC, LeBlanc K, Lee BH, Lee H, Levitt R, Lewis RA, Lincoln SA, Liu P, Liu XZ, Longo N, Loo SK, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, Macnamara EF, MacRae CA, Maduro VV, Majcherska MM, Malicdan MCV, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Mao R, Maravilla K, Markello TC, Marom R, Marth G, Martin BA, Martin MG, Martínez-Agosto JA, Marwaha S, McCauley J, McConkie-Rosell A, McCormack CE, McCray AT, Mefford H, Merritt JL, Might M, Mirzaa G, Morava-Kozicz E, Moretti PM, Morimoto M, Mulvihill JJ, Murdock DR, Nath A, Nelson SF, Newman JH, Nicholas SK, Nickerson D, Novacic D, Oglesbee D, Orengo JP, Pace L, Pak S, Pallais JC, Palmer CG, Papp JC, Parker NH, Phillips JA, Posey JE, Postlethwait JH, Potocki L, Pusey BN, Quinlan A, Raskind W, Raja AN, Renteria G, Reuter CM, Rives L, Robertson AK, Rodan LH, Rosenfeld JA, Rowley RK, Ruzhnikov M, Sacco R, Sampson JB, Samson SL, Saporta M, Scott CR, Schaechter J, Schedl T, Schoch K, Scott DA, Shakachite L, Sharma P, Shashi V, Shin J, Signer R, Sillari CH, Silverman EK, Sinsheimer JS, Sisco K, Smith KS, Solnica-Krezel L, Spillmann RC, Stoler JM, Stong N, Sullivan JA, Sun A, Sutton S, Sweetser DA, Sybert V, Tabor HK, Tamburro CP, Tan QKG, Tekin M, Telischi F, Thorson W, Tifft CJ, Toro C, Tran AA, Urv TK, Velinder M, Viskochil D, Vogel TP, Wahl CE, Wallace S, Walley NM, Walsh CA, Walker M, Wambach J, Wan J, Wang LK, Wangler MF, Ward PA, Wegner D, Wener M, Westerfield M, Wheeler MT, Wise AL, Wolfe LA, Woods JD, Yamamoto S, Yang J, Yoon AJ, Yu G, Zastrow DB, Zhao C, Zuchner S. De novo EIF2AK1 and EIF2AK2 Variants Are Associated with Developmental Delay, Leukoencephalopathy, and Neurologic Decompensation. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 106:570-583. [PMID: 32197074 PMCID: PMC7118694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
EIF2AK1 and EIF2AK2 encode members of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase (EIF2AK) family that inhibits protein synthesis in response to physiologic stress conditions. EIF2AK2 is also involved in innate immune response and the regulation of signal transduction, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Despite these findings, human disorders associated with deleterious variants in EIF2AK1 and EIF2AK2 have not been reported. Here, we describe the identification of nine unrelated individuals with heterozygous de novo missense variants in EIF2AK1 (1/9) or EIF2AK2 (8/9). Features seen in these nine individuals include white matter alterations (9/9), developmental delay (9/9), impaired language (9/9), cognitive impairment (8/9), ataxia (6/9), dysarthria in probands with verbal ability (6/9), hypotonia (7/9), hypertonia (6/9), and involuntary movements (3/9). Individuals with EIF2AK2 variants also exhibit neurological regression in the setting of febrile illness or infection. We use mammalian cell lines and proband-derived fibroblasts to further confirm the pathogenicity of variants in these genes and found reduced kinase activity. EIF2AKs phosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (EIF2S1, also known as EIF2α), which then inhibits EIF2B activity. Deleterious variants in genes encoding EIF2B proteins cause childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination/vanishing white matter (CACH/VWM), a leukodystrophy characterized by neurologic regression in the setting of febrile illness and other stressors. Our findings indicate that EIF2AK2 missense variants cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome that may share phenotypic and pathogenic mechanisms with CACH/VWM.
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7
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Burke EA, Reichard KE, Wolfe LA, Brooks BP, DiGiovanna JJ, Hadley DW, Lehky TJ, Gropman AL, Tifft CJ, Gahl WA, Toro C, Adams D. A novel frameshift mutation in SOX10 causes Waardenburg syndrome with peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, visual impairment and the absence of Hirschsprung disease. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1278-1283. [PMID: 32150337 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a group of genetic disorders associated with varying components of sensorineural hearing loss and abnormal pigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes. There exist four different WS subtypes, each defined by the absence or presence of additional features. One of the genes associated with WS is SOX10, a key transcription factor for the development of neural crest-derived lineages. Here we report a 12-year-old boy with a novel de novo SOX10 frameshift mutation and unique combination of clinical features including primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, hearing loss and visual impairment but absence of Hirschsprung disease and the typical pigmentary changes of hair or skin. This expands the spectrum of currently recognized phenotypes associated with WS and illustrates the phenotypic heterogeneity of SOX10-associated WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Burke
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle E Reichard
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian P Brooks
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John J DiGiovanna
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald W Hadley
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Human Development Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tanya J Lehky
- Electromyography Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Gropman
- Human Development Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Cynthia J Tifft
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Section on Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Machol K, Rousseau J, Ehresmann S, Garcia T, Nguyen TTM, Spillmann RC, Sullivan JA, Shashi V, Jiang YH, Stong N, Fiala E, Willing M, Pfundt R, Kleefstra T, Cho MT, McLaughlin H, Rosello Piera M, Orellana C, Martínez F, Caro-Llopis A, Monfort S, Roscioli T, Nixon CY, Buckley MF, Turner A, Jones WD, van Hasselt PM, Hofstede FC, van Gassen KL, Brooks AS, van Slegtenhorst MA, Lachlan K, Sebastian J, Madan-Khetarpal S, Sonal D, Sakkubai N, Thevenon J, Faivre L, Maurel A, Petrovski S, Krantz ID, Tarpinian JM, Rosenfeld JA, Lee BH, Campeau PM, Adams DR, Alejandro ME, Allard P, Azamian MS, Bacino CA, Balasubramanyam A, Barseghyan H, Batzli GF, Beggs AH, Behnam B, Bican A, Bick DP, Birch CL, Bonner D, Boone BE, Bostwick BL, Briere LC, Brown DM, Brush M, Burke EA, Burrage LC, Chen S, Clark GD, Coakley TR, Cogan JD, Cooper CM, Cope H, Craigen WJ, D’Souza P, Davids M, Dayal JG, Dell’Angelica EC, Dhar SU, Dillon A, Dipple KM, Donnell-Fink LA, Dorrani N, Dorset DC, Douine ED, Draper DD, Eckstein DJ, Emrick LT, Eng CM, Eskin A, Esteves C, Estwick T, Ferreira C, Fogel BL, Friedman ND, Gahl WA, Glanton E, Godfrey RA, Goldstein DB, Gould SE, Gourdine JPF, Groden CA, Gropman AL, Haendel M, Hamid R, Hanchard NA, Handley LH, Herzog MR, Holm IA, Hom J, Howerton EM, Huang Y, Jacob HJ, Jain M, Jiang YH, Johnston JM, Jones AL, Kohane IS, Krasnewich DM, Krieg EL, Krier JB, Lalani SR, Lau CC, Lazar J, Lee BH, Lee H, Levy SE, Lewis RA, Lincoln SA, Lipson A, Loo SK, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, Macnamara EF, MacRae CA, Maduro VV, Majcherska MM, Malicdan MCV, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Markello TC, Marom R, Martínez-Agosto JA, Marwaha S, May T, McConkie-Rosell A, McCormack CE, McCray AT, Might M, Moretti PM, Morimoto M, Mulvihill JJ, Murphy JL, Muzny DM, Nehrebecky ME, Nelson SF, Newberry JS, Newman JH, Nicholas SK, Novacic D, Orange JS, Pallais JC, Palmer CG, Papp JC, Parker NH, Pena LD, Phillips JA, Posey JE, Postlethwait JH, Potocki L, Pusey BN, Reuter CM, Robertson AK, Rodan LH, Rosenfeld JA, Sampson JB, Samson SL, Schoch K, Schroeder MC, Scott DA, Sharma P, Shashi V, Signer R, Silverman EK, Sinsheimer JS, Smith KS, Spillmann RC, Splinter K, Stoler JM, Stong N, Sullivan JA, Sweetser DA, Tifft CJ, Toro C, Tran AA, Urv TK, Valivullah ZM, Vilain E, Vogel TP, Wahl CE, Walley NM, Walsh CA, Ward PA, Waters KM, Westerfield M, Wise AL, Wolfe LA, Worthey EA, Yamamoto S, Yang Y, Yu G, Zastrow DB, Zheng A. Expanding the Spectrum of BAF-Related Disorders: De Novo Variants in SMARCC2 Cause a Syndrome with Intellectual Disability and Developmental Delay. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:164-178. [PMID: 30580808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCC2 (BAF170) is one of the invariable core subunits of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling BAF (BRG1-associated factor) complex and plays a crucial role in embryogenesis and corticogenesis. Pathogenic variants in genes encoding other components of the BAF complex have been associated with intellectual disability syndromes. Despite its significant biological role, variants in SMARCC2 have not been directly associated with human disease previously. Using whole-exome sequencing and a web-based gene-matching program, we identified 15 individuals with variable degrees of neurodevelopmental delay and growth retardation harboring one of 13 heterozygous variants in SMARCC2, most of them novel and proven de novo. The clinical presentation overlaps with intellectual disability syndromes associated with other BAF subunits, such as Coffin-Siris and Nicolaides-Baraitser syndromes and includes prominent speech impairment, hypotonia, feeding difficulties, behavioral abnormalities, and dysmorphic features such as hypertrichosis, thick eyebrows, thin upper lip vermilion, and upturned nose. Nine out of the fifteen individuals harbor variants in the highly conserved SMARCC2 DNA-interacting domains (SANT and SWIRM) and present with a more severe phenotype. Two of these individuals present cardiac abnormalities. Transcriptomic analysis of fibroblasts from affected individuals highlights a group of differentially expressed genes with possible roles in regulation of neuronal development and function, namely H19, SCRG1, RELN, and CACNB4. Our findings suggest a novel SMARCC2-related syndrome that overlaps with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with variants in BAF-complex subunits.
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9
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Marcogliese PC, Shashi V, Spillmann RC, Stong N, Rosenfeld JA, Koenig MK, Martínez-Agosto JA, Herzog M, Chen AH, Dickson PI, Lin HJ, Vera MU, Salamon N, Graham JM, Ortiz D, Infante E, Steyaert W, Dermaut B, Poppe B, Chung HL, Zuo Z, Lee PT, Kanca O, Xia F, Yang Y, Smith EC, Jasien J, Kansagra S, Spiridigliozzi G, El-Dairi M, Lark R, Riley K, Koeberl DD, Golden-Grant K, Yamamoto S, Wangler MF, Mirzaa G, Hemelsoet D, Lee B, Nelson SF, Goldstein DB, Bellen HJ, Pena LD, Callens S, Coucke P, Dermaut B, Hemelsoet D, Poppe B, Steyaert W, Terryn W, Van Coster R, Adams DR, Alejandro ME, Allard P, Azamian MS, Bacino CA, Balasubramanyam A, Barseghyan H, Batzli GF, Beggs AH, Behnam B, Bican A, Bick DP, Birch CL, Bonner D, Boone BE, Bostwick BL, Briere LC, Brown DM, Brush M, Burke EA, Burrage LC, Chen S, Clark GD, Coakley TR, Cogan JD, Cooper CM, Cope H, Craigen WJ, D’Souza P, Davids M, Dayal JG, Dell’Angelica EC, Dhar SU, Dillon A, Dipple KM, Donnell-Fink LA, Dorrani N, Dorset DC, Douine ED, Draper DD, Eckstein DJ, Emrick LT, Eng CM, Eskin A, Esteves C, Estwick T, Ferreira C, Fogel BL, Friedman ND, Gahl WA, Glanton E, Godfrey RA, Goldstein DB, Gould SE, Gourdine JPF, Groden CA, Gropman AL, Haendel M, Hamid R, Hanchard NA, Handley LH, Herzog MR, Holm IA, Hom J, Howerton EM, Huang Y, Jacob HJ, Jain M, Jiang YH, Johnston JM, Jones AL, Kohane IS, Krasnewich DM, Krieg EL, Krier JB, Lalani SR, Lau CC, Lazar J, Lee BH, Lee H, Levy SE, Lewis RA, Lincoln SA, Lipson A, Loo SK, Loscalzo J, Maas RL, Macnamara EF, MacRae CA, Maduro VV, Majcherska MM, Malicdan MCV, Mamounas LA, Manolio TA, Markello TC, Marom R, Martínez-Agosto JA, Marwaha S, May T, McConkie-Rosell A, McCormack CE, McCray AT, Might M, Moretti PM, Morimoto M, Mulvihill JJ, Murphy JL, Muzny DM, Nehrebecky ME, Nelson SF, Newberry JS, Newman JH, Nicholas SK, Novacic D, Orange JS, Pallais JC, Palmer CG, Papp JC, Parker NH, Pena LD, Phillips JA, Posey JE, Postlethwait JH, Potocki L, Pusey BN, Reuter CM, Robertson AK, Rodan LH, Rosenfeld JA, Sampson JB, Samson SL, Schoch K, Schroeder MC, Scott DA, Sharma P, Shashi V, Signer R, Silverman EK, Sinsheimer JS, Smith KS, Spillmann RC, Splinter K, Stoler JM, Stong N, Sullivan JA, Sweetser DA, Tifft CJ, Toro C, Tran AA, Urv TK, Valivullah ZM, Vilain E, Vogel TP, Wahl CE, Walley NM, Walsh CA, Ward PA, Waters KM, Westerfield M, Wise AL, Wolfe LA, Worthey EA, Yamamoto S, Yang Y, Yu G, Zastrow DB, Zheng A. IRF2BPL Is Associated with Neurological Phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:456. [PMID: 30193138 PMCID: PMC6128320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nelson KJ, Bolduc JA, Wu H, Collins JA, Burke EA, Reisz JA, Klomsiri C, Wood ST, Yammani RR, Poole LB, Furdui CM, Loeser RF. H 2O 2 oxidation of cysteine residues in c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) contributes to redox regulation in human articular chondrocytes. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16376-16389. [PMID: 30190325 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular H2O2, regulate intracellular signaling through reversible oxidation of reactive protein thiols present in a number of kinases and phosphatases. H2O2 has been shown to regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling depending on the cellular context. We report here that in human articular chondrocytes, the MAPK family member c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) is activated by fibronectin fragments and low physiological levels of H2O2 and inhibited by oxidation due to elevated levels of H2O2 The kinase activity of affinity-purified, phosphorylated JNK2 from cultured chondrocytes was reversibly inhibited by 5-20 μm H2O2 Using dimedone-based chemical probes that react specifically with sulfenylated cysteines (RSOH), we identified Cys-222 in JNK2, a residue not conserved in JNK1 or JNK3, as a redox-reactive site. MS analysis of human recombinant JNK2 also detected further oxidation at Cys-222 and other cysteines to sulfinic (RSO2H) or sulfonic (RSO3H) acid. H2O2 treatment of JNK2 resulted in detectable levels of peptides containing intramolecular disulfides between Cys-222 and either Cys-213 or Cys-177, without evidence of dimer formation. Substitution of Cys-222 to alanine rendered JNK2 insensitive to H2O2 inhibition, unlike C177A and C213A variants. Two other JNK2 variants, C116A and C163A, were also resistant to oxidative inhibition. Cumulatively, these findings indicate differential regulation of JNK2 signaling dependent on H2O2 levels and point to key cysteine residues regulating JNK2 activity. As levels of intracellular H2O2 rise, a switch occurs from activation to inhibition of JNK2 activity, linking JNK2 regulation to the redox status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jesalyn A Bolduc
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hanzhi Wu
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | - John A Collins
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Elizabeth A Burke
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | - Julie A Reisz
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | - Chananat Klomsiri
- From the Department of Biochemistry and.,the Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | - Scott T Wood
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Raghunatha R Yammani
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | | | - Cristina M Furdui
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157 and
| | - Richard F Loeser
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology and the Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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11
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Burke EA, Frucht SJ, Thompson K, Wolfe LA, Yokoyama T, Bertoni M, Huang Y, Sincan M, Adams DR, Taylor RW, Gahl WA, Toro C, Malicdan MCV. Biallelic mutations in mitochondrial tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase cause Levodopa-responsive infantile-onset Parkinsonism. Clin Genet 2018; 93:712-718. [PMID: 29120065 PMCID: PMC5828974 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (mtARSs) are essential, ubiquitously expressed enzymes that covalently attach amino acids to their corresponding tRNA molecules during translation of mitochondrial genes. Deleterious variants in the mtARS genes cause a diverse array of phenotypes, many of which involve the nervous system. Moreover, distinct mutations in mtARSs often cause different clinical manifestations. Recently, the gene encoding mitochondrial tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (WARS2) was reported to cause 2 different neurological phenotypes, a form of autosomal recessive intellectual disability and a syndrome of severe infantile‐onset leukoencephalopathy. Here, we report the case of a 17‐year‐old boy with compound heterozygous mutations in WARS2 (p.Trp13Gly, p.Ser228Trp) who presented with infantile‐onset, Levodopa‐responsive Parkinsonism at the age of 2 years. Analysis of patient‐derived dermal fibroblasts revealed decreased steady‐state WARS2 protein and normal OXPHOS content. Muscle mitochondrial studies suggested mitochondrial proliferation without obvious respiratory chain deficiencies at the age of 9 years. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of WARS2 deficiency and emphasizes the importance of mitochondrial protein synthesis in the pathogenesis of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Burke
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - S J Frucht
- Movement Disorders Division, School of Medicine, New York University Langone, New York, New York
| | - K Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - L A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - T Yokoyama
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M Bertoni
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Y Huang
- Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M Sincan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - W A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - C Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M C V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.,Office of the Clinical Director, NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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12
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Burke EA, McCallion P, Carroll R, Walsh JB, McCarron M. An exploration of the bone health of older adults with an intellectual disability in Ireland. J Intellect Disabil Res 2017; 61:99-114. [PMID: 27097825 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many risk factors have been confirmed for poor bone health among the general population including age, gender and corticosteroid use. There is a paucity of investigation among people with intellectual disability; however, research points to differing risks namely anti-epileptic medication use, Down syndrome and poor behaviour lifestyle. METHODS Data was extracted from the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing in Ireland. In total, 753 participants took part, and data was gathered on participants' health status, behavioural health, health screenings and activities of daily living. The prevalence of osteoporosis and related risk factors were specifically examined. RESULTS Overall, 8.1% reported a doctor's diagnosis of osteoporosis with over 20% reporting history of fracture. Risk identified included older age (P < 0.0001), female gender (P < 0.0001), difficulty walking (P < 0.0001) with older age and being female the stronger predictors for osteoporosis, odds ratio = 6.53; 95% confidence interval 2.82-15.11 and odds ratio = 4.58; 95% confidence interval 2.29-9.17, respectively. There was no gender difference regarding the level of fractures; however, epilepsy and anti-epileptic medication were strong predictors. Overall, 11.1% attended for bone screening diagnostics. CONCLUSION Despite low levels of reported doctor's diagnosis of osteoporosis risk factor prevalence was high. Considering the insidious nature of osteoporosis and the low levels of diagnostic screening, prevalence could be possibly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Burke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P McCallion
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Community Wellness, University at Albany, NY, USA
| | - R Carroll
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J B Walsh
- Department of Medical Gerontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M McCarron
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Shashi V, Pena LD, Kim K, Burton B, Hempel M, Schoch K, Walkiewicz M, McLaughlin HM, Cho M, Stong N, Hickey SE, Shuss CM, Freemark MS, Bellet JS, Keels MA, Bonner MJ, El-Dairi M, Butler M, Kranz PG, Stumpel CT, Klinkenberg S, Oberndorff K, Alawi M, Santer R, Petrovski S, Kuismin O, Korpi-Heikkilä S, Pietilainen O, Aarno P, Kurki MI, Hoischen A, Need AC, Goldstein DB, Kortüm F, Bacino A, Lee BH, Balasubramanyam A, Burrage LC, Clark GD, Craigen WJ, Dhar SU, Emrick LT, Graham BH, Jain M, Lalani SR, Lewis RA, Moretti PM, Nicholas SK, Orange JS, Posey JE, Potocki L, Rosenfeld JA, Scott DA, Hanchard NA, Alyssa TA, Mercedes AE, Mashid AS, Bellen HJ, Yamamoto S, Wangler MF, Westerfield M, Postlethwait JH, Eng CM, Yang Y, Muzny DM, Ward PA, Ramoni RB, McCray AT, Kohane IS, Holm IA, Might M, Mazur P, Splinter K, Esteves C, Shashi V, Jiang YH, Pena LD, McConkie-Rosell A, Schoch K, Spillmann RC, Sullivan JA, Walley NM, Goldstein DB, Stong N, Beggs AH, Loscalzo J, MacRae CA, Silverman EK, Stoler JM, Sweetser DA, Maas RL, Krier JB, Rodan LH, Walsh CA, Cooper CM, Pallais JC, Donnell-Fink LA, Krieg EL, Lincoln SA, Briere LC, Jacob HJ, Worthey EA, Lazar J, Strong KA, Handley LH, Newberry JS, Bick DP, Schroeder MC, Brown DM, Birch CL, Levy SE, Boone BE, Dorset DC, Jones AL, Manolio TA, Mulvihill JJ, Wise AL, Dayal JG, Eckstein DJ, Krasnewich DM, Loomis CR, Mamounas LA, Iglesias B, Martin C, Koeller DM, Metz TO, Ashley EA, Fisher PG, Bernstein JA, Wheeler MT, Zornio PA, Waggott DM, Dries AM, Kohler JN, Dipple KM, Nelson SF, Palmer CG, Vilain E, Allard P, Dell Angelica EC, Lee H, Sinsheimer JS, Papp JC, Dorrani N, Herzog MR, Barseghyan H, Adams DR, Adams CJ, Burke EA, Chao KR, Davids M, Draper DD, Estwick T, Frisby TS, Frost K, Gahl WA, Gartner V, Godfrey RA, Goheen M, Golas GA, Gordon MG, Groden CA, Gropman AL, Hackbarth ME, Hardee I, Johnston JM, Koehler AE, Latham L, Latour YL, Lau CYC, Lee PR, Levy DJ, Liebendorder AP, Macnamara EF, Maduro VV, Malicdan MV, Markello TC, McCarty AJ, Murphy JL, Nehrebecky ME, Novacic D, Pusey BN, Sadozai S, Schaffer KE, Sharma P, Soldatos AG, Thomas SP, Tifft CJ, Tolman NJ, Toro C, Valivullah ZM, Wahl CE, Warburton M, Weech AA, Wolfe LA, Yu G, Hamid R, Newman JH, Phillips JA, Cogan JD. De Novo Truncating Variants in ASXL2 Are Associated with a Unique and Recognizable Clinical Phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:991-999. [PMID: 27693232 PMCID: PMC5065681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ASXL genes (ASXL1, ASXL2, and ASXL3) participate in body patterning during embryogenesis and encode proteins involved in epigenetic regulation and assembly of transcription factors to specific genomic loci. Germline de novo truncating variants in ASXL1 and ASXL3 have been respectively implicated in causing Bohring-Opitz and Bainbridge-Ropers syndromes, which result in overlapping features of severe intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. ASXL2 has not yet been associated with a human Mendelian disorder. In this study, we performed whole-exome sequencing in six unrelated probands with developmental delay, macrocephaly, and dysmorphic features. All six had de novo truncating variants in ASXL2. A careful review enabled the recognition of a specific phenotype consisting of macrocephaly, prominent eyes, arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, a glabellar nevus flammeus, neonatal feeding difficulties, hypotonia, and developmental disabilities. Although overlapping features with Bohring-Opitz and Bainbridge-Ropers syndromes exist, features that distinguish the ASXL2-associated condition from ASXL1- and ASXL3-related disorders are macrocephaly, absence of growth retardation, and more variability in the degree of intellectual disabilities. We were also able to demonstrate with mRNA studies that these variants are likely to exert a dominant-negative effect, given that both alleles are expressed in blood and the mutated ASXL2 transcripts escape nonsense-mediated decay. In conclusion, de novo truncating variants in ASXL2 underlie a neurodevelopmental syndrome with a clinically recognizable phenotype. This report expands the germline disorders that are linked to the ASXL genes.
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14
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Wood ST, Long DL, Reisz JA, Yammani RR, Burke EA, Klomsiri C, Poole LB, Furdui CM, Loeser RF. Cysteine-Mediated Redox Regulation of Cell Signaling in Chondrocytes Stimulated With Fibronectin Fragments. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:117-26. [PMID: 26314228 DOI: 10.1002/art.39326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative posttranslational modifications of intracellular proteins can potentially regulate signaling pathways relevant to cartilage destruction in arthritis. In this study, oxidation of cysteine residues to form sulfenic acid (S-sulfenylation) was examined in osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes and investigated in normal chondrocytes as a mechanism by which fragments of fibronectin (FN-f) stimulate chondrocyte catabolic signaling. METHODS Chondrocytes isolated from OA and normal human articular cartilage were analyzed using analogs of dimedone that specifically and irreversibly react with protein S-sulfenylated cysteines. Global S-sulfenylation was measured in cell lysates with and without FN-f stimulation by immunoblotting and in fixed cells by confocal microscopy. S-sulfenylation in specific proteins was identified by mass spectroscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting. Src activity was measured in live cells using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer biosensor. RESULTS Proteins in chondrocytes isolated from OA cartilage were found to have elevated basal levels of S-sulfenylation relative to those of chondrocytes from normal cartilage. Treatment of normal chondrocytes with FN-f induced increased levels of S-sulfenylation in multiple proteins, including the tyrosine kinase Src. FN-f treatment also increased the levels of Src activity. Pretreatment with dimedone to alter S-sulfenylation function or with Src kinase inhibitors inhibited FN-f-induced production of matrix metalloproteinase 13. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of oxidative posttranslational modification of proteins in human articular chondrocytes by S-sulfenylation. Due to the ability to regulate the activity of a number of cell signaling pathways, including catabolic mediators induced by fibronectin fragments, S-sulfenylation may contribute to cartilage destruction in OA and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Wood
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - David L Long
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Elizabeth A Burke
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Chananat Klomsiri
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Lietz K, John R, Burke EA, Ankersmit JH, McCue JD, Naka Y, Oz MC, Mancini DM, Edwards NM. Pretransplant cachexia and morbid obesity are predictors of increased mortality after heart transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 72:277-83. [PMID: 11477353 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200107270-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremes in body weight are a relative contraindication to cardiac transplantation. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 474 consecutive adult patients (377 male, 97 female, mean age 50.3+/-12.2 years), who received 444 primary and 30 heart retransplants between January of 1992 and January of 1999. Of these, 68 cachectic (body mass index [BMI]<20 kg/m2), 113 overweight (BMI=>27-30 kg/m2), and 55 morbidly obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) patients were compared with 238 normal-weight recipients (BMI=20-27 kg/m2). We evaluated the influence of pretransplant BMI on morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. Kaplan-Meier survival distribution and Cox proportional hazards model were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Morbidly obese as well as cachectic recipients demonstrated nearly twice the 5-year mortality of normal-weight or overweight recipients (53% vs. 27%, respectively, P=0.001). An increase in mortality was seen at 30 days for morbidly obese and cachectic recipients (12.7% and 17.7%, respectively) versus a 30-day mortality rate of 7.6% in normal-weight recipients. Morbidly obese recipients experienced a shorter time to high-grade acute rejection (P=0.004) as well as an increased annual high-grade rejection frequency when compared with normal-weight recipients (P=0.001). By multivariable analysis, the incidence of transplant-related coronary artery disease (TCAD) was not increased in morbidly obese patients but cachectic patients had a significantly lower incidence of TCAD (P=0.05). Cachectic patients receiving oversized donor hearts had a significantly higher postoperative mortality (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS The risks of cardiac transplantation are increased in both morbidly obese and cachectic patients compared with normal-weight recipients. However, the results of cardiac transplantation in overweight patients is comparable to that in normal-weight patients. Recipient size should be kept in mind while selecting patients and the use of oversized donors in cachectic recipients should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lietz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Xapsos MA, Summers GP, Shapiro P, Burke EA. New techniques for predicting solar proton fluences for radiation effects applications. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 1996; 43:2772-2777. [PMID: 11540487 DOI: 10.1109/23.556865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
At geosynchronous altitudes, solar proton events can be a significant source of radiation exposure for devices such as optical imagers, memories and solar cells. These events appear to occur randomly with respect to time and magnitude during the active period of each solar cycle. New probabilistic descriptions, including extreme value theory, are given in forms applicable to assessing mission risks for both single events and the cumulative fluence of multiple events. The analyses yield simpler forms than previous models, include more recent data, and can easily be incorporated into existing computer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Xapsos
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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Jackson EM, Weaver BD, Summers GP, Shapiro P, Burke EA. Jackson et al. reply. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 75:3199. [PMID: 10059523 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Jackson EM, Weaver BD, Summers GP, Shapiro P, Burke EA. Radiation-induced Tc reduction and pair breaking in high-Tc superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:3033-3036. [PMID: 10058086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Marshall PW, Dale CJ, Burke EA. Extreme Value Theory Applications to Space Radiation Damage Assessment in Satellite Microelectronics. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 1994; 99:485-494. [PMID: 37405298 PMCID: PMC8345308 DOI: 10.6028/jres.099.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/1994] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Calculations of the first and second moments of displacement damage energy distributions from clastic collisions and from nuclear reactions, at proton energies ranging from 10 MeV to 300 MeV, are incorporated into a model describing the probability of damage as a function of the proton fluence and the size of the sensitive micro-volume in Si. Comparisons between the predicted and measured leakage currents in Si imaging arrays illustrate how the Poisson distribution of higher energy nuclear reaction recoils affects the pixel-to-pixel variance in the damage across the array for proton exposures equivalent to mission duration of a few years within the earth's trapped proton belts. Extreme value statistics (EVS) quantify the largest expected damage extremes following a given proton fluence, and an analysis derived from the first-principle damage calculations shows excellent agreement with the measured extremes. EVS is also used to demonstrate the presence of high dark current pixels, or "spikes," which occur from different mechanisms. Different sources of spikes were seen in two different imager designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Marshall
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 and SFA, Inc., Landover, MD 20785
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Xapsos MA, Burke EA, Shapiro P, Summers GP. Energy deposition and ionization fluctuations induced by ions in small sites--an analytical approach. Radiat Res 1994; 137:152-61. [PMID: 8134539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A concise, analytical approach is developed for calculating energy deposition and ionization fluctuations in volumes within ion-irradiated media which have dimensions as small as 1 nm. The method accounts for both direct ion interactions with the site and interactions of secondary electrons which are produced by ions in the surrounding medium. Particular attention is given to the way the contributions of the two types of events are combined. Since energy deposition fluctuations are simply related to the fundamental quantities ZD and yD employed in microdosimetry theory, this new approach provides a convenient means to obtain these parameters. Results obtained with the analytical method show good agreement with Monte Carlo charged-particle track-structure calculations of yD for 0.5 to 20 MeV protons incident on spherical sites of water vapor with diameters ranging from 1 nm to 10 microns. In contrast to Monte Carlo techniques, the analytical method does not depend on knowing the intricacies of single ion and electron interactions with the target and can therefore be adapted to calculations with heavier incident ions and different target materials, including those of the condensed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Xapsos
- Radiation Effects Branch, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
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Weaver BD, Jackson EM, Summers GP, Burke EA. Atomic disorder and the transition temperature of cuprate superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:1134-1137. [PMID: 10003302 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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