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Lumahan LEV, Arif M, Whitener AE, Yi P. Regulating Androgen Receptor Function in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Diversity of Post-Translational Modifications. Cells 2024; 13:191. [PMID: 38275816 PMCID: PMC10814774 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) transcriptional activity significantly influences prostate cancer (PCa) progression. In addition to ligand stimulation, AR transcriptional activity is also influenced by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs). A number of oncogenes and tumor suppressors have been observed leveraging PTMs to influence AR activity. Subjectively targeting these post-translational modifiers based on their impact on PCa cell proliferation is a rapidly developing area of research. This review elucidates the modifiers, contextualizes the effects of these PTMs on AR activity, and connects these cellular interactions to the progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Edward V. Lumahan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mazia Arif
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77205, USA
| | - Amy E. Whitener
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77205, USA
| | - Ping Yi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77205, USA
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2
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Hayashi SY, Craddock BP, Miller WT. Phosphorylation of Ack1 by the Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Mer. KINASES AND PHOSPHATASES 2023; 1:167-180. [PMID: 37662484 PMCID: PMC10473914 DOI: 10.3390/kinasesphosphatases1030011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Ack1 is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is associated with cellular proliferation and survival. The receptor tyrosine kinase Mer, a member of the TAM family of receptors, has previously been reported to be an upstream activator of Ack1 kinase. The mechanism linking the two kinases, however, has not been investigated. We confirmed that Ack1 and Mer interact by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and found that Mer expression led to increased Ack1 activity. The effect on Ack1 was dependent on the kinase activity of Mer, whereas mutation of the Mer C-terminal tyrosines Y867 and Y924 did not significantly decrease the ability of Mer to activate Ack1. Ack1 possesses a Mig6 Homology Region (MHR) that contains adjacent regulatory tyrosines (Y859 and Y860). Using synthetic peptides, we showed that Mer preferentially binds and phosphorylates the MHR sequence containing phosphorylated pY860, as compared to the pY859 sequence. This suggested the possibility of sequential phosphorylation within the MHR of Ack1, as has been observed previously for other kinases. In cells co-expressing Mer and Ack1 MHR mutants, the Y859F mutant had higher activity than the Y860F mutant, consistent with this model. The interaction between Mer and Ack1 could play a role in immune cell signaling in normal physiology and could also contribute to the hyperactivation of Ack1 in prostate cancer and other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Y. Hayashi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Barbara P. Craddock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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3
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Sawant M, Wilson A, Sridaran D, Mahajan K, O'Conor CJ, Hagemann IS, Luo J, Weimholt C, Li T, Roa JC, Pandey A, Wu X, Mahajan NP. Epigenetic reprogramming of cell cycle genes by ACK1 promotes breast cancer resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitor. Oncogene 2023; 42:2263-2277. [PMID: 37330596 PMCID: PMC10348910 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancers exhibit high sensitivity to CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib. However, most patients inevitably develop resistance, thus identification of new actionable therapeutic targets to overcome the recurrent disease is an urgent need. Immunohistochemical studies of tissue microarray revealed increased activation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 (also known as TNK2) in most of the breast cancer subtypes, independent of their hormone receptor status. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the nuclear target of activated ACK1, pY88-H4 epigenetic marks, were deposited at cell cycle genes, CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20, which in turn initiated their efficient transcription. Pharmacological inhibition of ACK1 using its inhibitor, (R)-9b dampened CCNB1, CCNB2 and CDC20 expression, caused G2/M arrest, culminating in regression of palbociclib-resistant breast tumor growth. Further, (R)-9b suppressed expression of CXCR4 receptor, which resulted in significant impairment of metastasis of breast cancer cells to lung. Overall, our pre-clinical data identifies activated ACK1 as an oncogene that epigenetically controls the cell cycle genes governing the G2/M transition in breast cancer cells. ACK1 inhibitor, (R)-9b could be a novel therapeutic option for the breast cancer patients that have developed resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Audrey Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Conor
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- Bioinformatics Research Core, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xinyan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, Cancer Research Building, 660 Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Kan Y, Paung Y, Seeliger MA, Miller WT. Domain Architecture of the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Ack1. Cells 2023; 12:900. [PMID: 36980241 PMCID: PMC10047419 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) Ack1 comprises a distinct arrangement of non-catalytic modules. Its SH3 domain has a C-terminal to the kinase domain (SH1), in contrast to the typical SH3-SH2-SH1 layout in NRTKs. The Ack1 is the only protein that shares a region of high homology to the tumor suppressor protein Mig6, a modulator of EGFR. The vertebrate Acks make up the only tyrosine kinase (TK) family known to carry a UBA domain. The GTPase binding and SAM domains are also uncommon in the NRTKs. In addition to being a downstream effector of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins, Ack1 can act as an epigenetic regulator, modulate the degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), confer drug resistance, and mediate the progression of hormone-sensitive tumors. In this review, we discuss the domain architecture of Ack1 in relation to other protein kinases that possess such defined regulatory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Kan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - YiTing Paung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Markus A. Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768-2200, USA
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Chouhan S, Sawant M, Weimholt C, Luo J, Sprung RW, Terrado M, Mueller DM, Earp HS, Mahajan NP. TNK2/ACK1-mediated phosphorylation of ATP5F1A (ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha) selectively augments survival of prostate cancer while engendering mitochondrial vulnerability. Autophagy 2023; 19:1000-1025. [PMID: 35895804 PMCID: PMC9980697 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenge of rapid macromolecular synthesis enforces the energy-hungry cancer cell mitochondria to switch their metabolic phenotypes, accomplished by activation of oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Precisely how kinase activity is directly exploited by cancer cell mitochondria to meet high-energy demand, remains to be deciphered. Here we show that a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, TNK2/ACK1 (tyrosine kinase non receptor 2), phosphorylated ATP5F1A (ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha) at Tyr243 and Tyr246 (Tyr200 and 203 in the mature protein, respectively) that not only increased the stability of complex V, but also increased mitochondrial energy output in cancer cells. Further, phospho-ATP5F1A (p-Y-ATP5F1A) prevented its binding to its physiological inhibitor, ATP5IF1 (ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1), causing sustained mitochondrial activity to promote cancer cell growth. TNK2 inhibitor, (R)-9b reversed this process and induced mitophagy-based autophagy to mitigate prostate tumor growth while sparing normal prostate cells. Further, depletion of p-Y-ATP5F1A was needed for (R)-9b-mediated mitophagic response and tumor growth. Moreover, Tnk2 transgenic mice displayed increased p-Y-ATP5F1A and loss of mitophagy and exhibited formation of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PINs). Consistent with these data, a marked increase in p-Y-ATP5F1A was seen as prostate cancer progressed to the malignant stage. Overall, this study uncovered the molecular intricacy of tyrosine kinase-mediated mitochondrial energy regulation as a distinct cancer cell mitochondrial vulnerability and provided evidence that TNK2 inhibitors can act as "mitocans" to induce cancer-specific mitophagy.Abbreviations: ATP5F1A: ATP synthase F1 subunit alpha; ATP5IF1: ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1; CRPC: castration-resistant prostate cancer; DNM1L: dynamin 1 like; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Mdivi-1: mitochondrial division inhibitor 1; Mut-ATP5F1A: Y243,246A mutant of ATP5F1A; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PC: prostate cancer; PINK1: PTEN induced kinase 1; p-Y-ATP5F1A: phosphorylated tyrosine 243 and 246 on ATP5F1A; TNK2/ACK1: tyrosine kinase non receptor 2; Ub: ubiquitin; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Chouhan
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Building, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mithila Sawant
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Building, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Pathology & Immunology Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingqin Luo
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert W. Sprung
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Building, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mailyn Terrado
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David M. Mueller
- Center for Genetic Diseases, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nupam P. Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Building, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Identification of Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Anticancer Agents Using Pharmacoinformatic Approaches. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020217. [PMID: 36830587 PMCID: PMC9953130 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated Cdc42-associated kinase (ACK1) is essential for numerous cellular functions, such as growth, proliferation, and migration. ACK1 signaling occurs through multiple receptor tyrosine kinases; therefore, its inhibition can provide effective antiproliferative effects against multiple human cancers. A number of ACK1-specific inhibitors were designed and discovered in the previous decade, but none have reached the clinic. Potent and selective ACK1 inhibitors are urgently needed. METHODS In the present investigation, the pharmacophore model (PM) was rationally built utilizing two distinct inhibitors coupled with ACK1 crystal structures. The generated PM was utilized to screen the drug-like database generated from the four chemical databases. The binding mode of pharmacophore-mapped compounds was predicted using a molecular docking (MD) study. The selected hit-protein complexes from MD were studied under all-atom molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) for 500 ns. The obtained trajectories were ranked using binding free energy calculations (ΔG kJ/mol) and Gibb's free energy landscape. RESULTS Our results indicate that the three hit compounds displayed higher binding affinity toward ACK1 when compared with the known multi-kinase inhibitor dasatinib. The inter-molecular interactions of Hit1 and Hit3 reveal that compounds form desirable hydrogen bond interactions with gatekeeper T205, hinge region A208, and DFG motif D270. As a result, we anticipate that the proposed scaffolds might help in the design of promising selective ACK1 inhibitors.
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7
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Peng HH, Yang HC, Rupa D, Yen CH, Chiu YW, Yang WJ, Luo FJ, Yuan TC. ACK1 upregulated the proliferation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by promoting p27 phosphorylation and degradation. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:567-578. [PMID: 35247157 PMCID: PMC9733751 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-022-00670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignancy with a worldwide distribution. Although intensive studies have been made, the underlying oncogenic mechanism of HNSCC requires further investigation. In this study, we examined the oncogenic role of activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1), an oncogenic tyrosine kinase, in regulating the proliferation of HNSCC cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. Results from immunohistochemical studies revealed that ACK1 was highly expressed in HNSCC tumors, with 77% (77/100) of tumors showing a high ACK1 immunoreactivity compared to 40% (8/20) of normal mucosa. Knockdown of ACK1 expression in HNSCC cells resulted in elevated p27 expression, reduced cell proliferation, and G1-phase cell cycle arrest. Rescue of ACK1 expression in the ACK1-knockdown cells suppressed p27 expression and restored cell proliferation. Compared to ACK1-knockdown cells, ACK1-rescued cells exhibited a restored p27 expression after MG132 treatment and showed an elevated level of ubiquitinated p27. Our data further showed that knockdown of ubiquitin ligase Skp2 resulted in elevated p27 expression. Importantly, the expression of p27(WT), p27(Y74F), or p27(Y89F) in ACK1-overexpressed 293T cells or ACK1-rescued SAS cells showed higher levels of tyrosyl-phosphorylated p27 and interaction with ACK1 or Skp2. However, the expression of p27(Y88F) mutant exhibited a relatively low phosphorylation level and barely bound with ACK1 or Skp2, showing a basal interaction as the control cells. These results suggested that ACK1 is highly expressed in HNSCC tumors and functions to promote cell proliferation by the phosphorylation and degradation of p27 in the Skp2-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hsiang Peng
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hao-Chin Yang
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Darius Rupa
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Han Yen
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wen Chiu
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jia Yang
- grid.415323.20000 0004 0639 3300Department of Pathology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, 970 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fuh-Jinn Luo
- grid.415323.20000 0004 0639 3300Department of Pathology, Mennonite Christian Hospital, Hualien, 970 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Chun Yuan
- grid.260567.00000 0000 8964 3950Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, No. 1, Sec. 2, Da Hsueh Rd., Shoufeng, Hualien, 974301 Taiwan, Republic of China
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8
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Sridaran D, Chouhan S, Mahajan K, Renganathan A, Weimholt C, Bhagwat S, Reimers M, Kim EH, Thakur MK, Saeed MA, Pachynski RK, Seeliger MA, Miller WT, Feng FY, Mahajan NP. Inhibiting ACK1-mediated phosphorylation of C-terminal Src kinase counteracts prostate cancer immune checkpoint blockade resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6929. [PMID: 36376335 PMCID: PMC9663509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours are highly refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies due to the functional impairment of effector T cells and their inefficient trafficking to tumours. T-cell activation is negatively regulated by C-terminal Src kinase (CSK); however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that the conserved oncogenic tyrosine kinase Activated CDC42 kinase 1 (ACK1) is able to phosphorylate CSK at Tyrosine 18 (pY18), which enhances CSK function, constraining T-cell activation. Mice deficient in the Tnk2 gene encoding Ack1, are characterized by diminished CSK Y18-phosphorylation and spontaneous activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, resulting in inhibited growth of transplanted ICB-resistant tumours. Furthermore, ICB treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients results in re-activation of ACK1/pY18-CSK signalling, confirming the involvement of this pathway in ICB insensitivity. An ACK1 small-molecule inhibitor, (R)-9b, recapitulates inhibition of ICB-resistant tumours, which provides evidence for ACK1 enzymatic activity playing a pivotal role in generating ICB resistance. Overall, our study identifies an important mechanism of ICB resistance and holds potential for expanding the scope of ICB therapy to tumours that are currently unresponsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Surbhi Chouhan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arun Renganathan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shambhavi Bhagwat
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Melissa Reimers
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Manish K Thakur
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Muhammad A Saeed
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Russell K Pachynski
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, 11768, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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9
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Kan Y, Miller WT. Activity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Ack1 is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of its Mig6 homology region. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2808-2820. [PMID: 36178070 PMCID: PMC9879303 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ack1 is a proto-oncogenic tyrosine kinase with homology to the tumour suppressor Mig6, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The residues critical for binding of Mig6 to EGFR are conserved within the Mig6 homology region (MHR) of Ack1. We tested whether intramolecular interactions between the Ack1 MHR and kinase domain (KD) are regulated by phosphorylation. We identified two Src phosphorylation sites within the MHR (Y859, Y860). Addition of Src-phosphorylated MHR to the Ack1 KD enhanced enzymatic activity. Co-expression of Src in cells led to increased Ack1 activity; mutation of Y859/Y860 blocked this increase. Collectively, the data suggest that phosphorylation of the Ack1 MHR regulates its kinase activity. Phosphorylation of Y859/Y860 occurs in cancers of the brain, breast, colon, and prostate, where genomic amplification or somatic mutations of Ack1 play a role in disease progression. Our findings suggest that MHR phosphorylation could contribute to Ack1 dysregulation in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Kan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine Stony Brook University NY USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine Stony Brook University NY USA
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10
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Venkataramani V, Yang Y, Schubert MC, Reyhan E, Tetzlaff SK, Wißmann N, Botz M, Soyka SJ, Beretta CA, Pramatarov RL, Fankhauser L, Garofano L, Freudenberg A, Wagner J, Tanev DI, Ratliff M, Xie R, Kessler T, Hoffmann DC, Hai L, Dörflinger Y, Hoppe S, Yabo YA, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP, Sahm F, Lasorella A, Slowik M, Döring L, Iavarone A, Wick W, Kuner T, Winkler F. Glioblastoma hijacks neuronal mechanisms for brain invasion. Cell 2022; 185:2899-2917.e31. [PMID: 35914528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are incurable tumors infiltrating the brain. A subpopulation of glioblastoma cells forms a functional and therapy-resistant tumor cell network interconnected by tumor microtubes (TMs). Other subpopulations appear unconnected, and their biological role remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that whole-brain colonization is fueled by glioblastoma cells that lack connections with other tumor cells and astrocytes yet receive synaptic input from neurons. This subpopulation corresponds to neuronal and neural-progenitor-like tumor cell states, as defined by single-cell transcriptomics, both in mouse models and in the human disease. Tumor cell invasion resembled neuronal migration mechanisms and adopted a Lévy-like movement pattern of probing the environment. Neuronal activity induced complex calcium signals in glioblastoma cells followed by the de novo formation of TMs and increased invasion speed. Collectively, superimposing molecular and functional single-cell data revealed that neuronal mechanisms govern glioblastoma cell invasion on multiple levels. This explains how glioblastoma's dissemination and cellular heterogeneity are closely interlinked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venkataramani
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Yang
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Cicero Schubert
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ekin Reyhan
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Kristin Tetzlaff
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niklas Wißmann
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Botz
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stella Judith Soyka
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carlo Antonio Beretta
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rangel Lyubomirov Pramatarov
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura Fankhauser
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luciano Garofano
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Julia Wagner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitar Ivanov Tanev
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ratliff
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Neurosurgery Clinic, University Hospital Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ruifan Xie
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kessler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk C Hoffmann
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ling Hai
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvette Dörflinger
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Hoppe
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yahaya A Yabo
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Felix Sahm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Martin Slowik
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Leif Döring
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuner
- Department of Functional Neuroanatomy, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Clayton NS, Fox M, Vicenté-Garcia JJ, Schroeder CM, Littlewood TD, Wilde JI, Krishnan K, Brown MJB, Crafter C, Mott HR, Owen D. Assembly of nuclear dimers of PI3K regulatory subunits is regulated by the Cdc42-activated tyrosine kinase ACK. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101916. [PMID: 35429500 PMCID: PMC9127371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase (ACK) is an oncogenic nonreceptor tyrosine kinase associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers. ACK promotes proliferation, in part by contributing to the activation of Akt, the major effector of class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), which transduce signals via membrane phosphoinositol lipids. We now show that ACK also interacts with other key components of class 1A PI3K signaling, the PI3K regulatory subunits. We demonstrate ACK binds to all five PI3K regulatory subunit isoforms and directly phosphorylates p85α, p85β, p50α, and p55α on Tyr607 (or analogous residues). We found that phosphorylation of p85β promotes cell proliferation in HEK293T cells. We demonstrate that ACK interacts with p85α exclusively in nuclear-enriched cell fractions, where p85α phosphorylated at Tyr607 (pTyr607) also resides, and identify an interaction between pTyr607 and the N-terminal SH2 domain that supports dimerization of the regulatory subunits. We infer from this that ACK targets p110-independent p85 and further postulate that these regulatory subunit dimers undertake novel nuclear functions underpinning ACK activity. We conclude that these dimers represent a previously undescribed mode of regulation for the class1A PI3K regulatory subunits and potentially reveal additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S Clayton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Millie Fox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Trevor D Littlewood
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon I Wilde
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Screening and Compound Profiling, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Kadalmani Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Murray J B Brown
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Screening and Compound Profiling, Stevenage, Herts, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Crafter
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Mott
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Darerca Owen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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12
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Rangwala AM, Mingione VR, Georghiou G, Seeliger MA. Kinases on Double Duty: A Review of UniProtKB Annotated Bifunctionality within the Kinome. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050685. [PMID: 35625613 PMCID: PMC9138534 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation facilitates the regulation of all fundamental biological processes, which has triggered extensive research of protein kinases and their roles in human health and disease. In addition to their phosphotransferase activity, certain kinases have evolved to adopt additional catalytic functions, while others have completely lost all catalytic activity. We searched the Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (UniProtKB) database for bifunctional protein kinases and focused on kinases that are critical for bacterial and human cellular homeostasis. These kinases engage in diverse functional roles, ranging from environmental sensing and metabolic regulation to immune-host defense and cell cycle control. Herein, we describe their dual catalytic activities and how they contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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13
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Shah A, Patel C, Parmar G, Patel A, Jain M. A concise review on tyrosine kinase targeted cancer therapy. CURRENT DRUG THERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220331104025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The tyrosine kinase (TK) family is considered one of the important family members of the kinase family due to its important role in various cellular processes like cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, etc. Mutation, overexpression, and dysfunction of tyrosine kinase receptors lead to the development of malignancy; thus, they are considered as one of the important targets for the development of anti-cancer molecules. The tyrosine kinase family is majorly divided into two classes; receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase. Both of the classes have an important role in the development of tumour cells. Currently, there are more than 40 FDA-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which are used in the treatment of various types of cancers. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors mainly block the phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of the corresponding kinase substrate and so activation of downstream signalling pathways can be inhibited. The promising results of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in solid tumours provide a revolution in oncology research. In this article, we had summarized the role of some important members of the tyrosine kinase family in the development and progression of tumour cells and the significance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chhagan Patel
- Shree Sarvajaink Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Gujarat India
| | - Ghanshaym Parmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, CHARUSAT, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Manav Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
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14
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Li K, Li J, Ye M, Jin X. The role of Siah2 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy. Gene 2022; 809:146028. [PMID: 34687788 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seven in absentia homolog 2 (Siah2), an RING E3 ubiquitin ligases, has been characterized to play the vital role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Numerous studies have determined that Siah2 promotes tumorigenesis in a variety of human malignancies such as prostate, lung, gastric, and liver cancers. However, several studies revealed that Siah2 exhibited tumor suppressor function by promoting the proteasome-mediated degradation of several oncoproteins, suggesting that Siah2 could exert its biological function according to different stages of tumor development. Moreover, Siah2 is subject to complex regulation, especially the phosphorylation of Siah2 by a variety of protein kinases to regulate its stability and activity. In this review, we describe the structure and regulation of Siah2 in human cancer. Moreover, we highlight the critical role of Siah2 in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we note that the potential clinical applications of targeting Siah2 in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailang Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinyun Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meng Ye
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathphysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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15
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Kumar V, Kumar R, Parate S, Yoon S, Lee G, Kim D, Lee KW. Identification of ACK1 inhibitors as anticancer agents by using computer-aided drug designing. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Zhu J, Liu Y, Zhao M, Cao K, Ma J, Peng S. Identification of downstream signaling cascades of ACK1 and prognostic classifiers in non-small cell lung cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:4482-4502. [PMID: 33495411 PMCID: PMC7906148 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) is an oncogene in multiple cancers, but the underlying mechanisms of its oncogenic role remain unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we comprehensively investigated the ACK1-regulated cell processes and downstream signaling pathways, as well as its prognostic value in NSCLC. We found that ACK1 gene amplification was associated with mRNA levels in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) lung cancer cohort. The Oncomine databases showed significantly elevated ACK1 levels in lung cancer. In vitro, an ACK1 inhibitor (dasatinib) increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cell lines to AKT or MEK inhibitors. RNA-sequencing results demonstrated that an ACK1 deficiency in A549 cells affected the MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt pathways. These results were validated by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of data from 188 lung cancer cell lines. Using Cytoscape, we dissected 14 critical ACK1-regulated genes. The signature with the 14 genes and ACK1 could significantly dichotomize the TCGA lung cohort regarding overall survival. The prognostic accuracy of this signature was confirmed in five independent lung cancer cohorts and was further validated by a prognostic nomogram. Our study unveiled several downstream signaling pathways for ACK1, and the proposed signature may be a promising prognostic predictor for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Biobank, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kui Cao
- Department of Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianqun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shiyun Peng
- Department of Precision Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, China
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17
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Gu J, Qian L, Zhang G, Mahajan NP, Owonikoko TK, Ramalingam SS, Sun SY. Inhibition of ACK1 delays and overcomes acquired resistance of EGFR mutant NSCLC cells to the third generation EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib. Lung Cancer 2020; 150:26-35. [PMID: 33049499 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The emergence of acquired resistance to the third generation EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib (AZD9291 or TAGRISSO™), is an unavoidable huge clinical challenge. The involvement of ACK1, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase with an oncogenic function, in regulating cell response to osimertinib has not been investigated and thus is the focus of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS Drug effects on cell growth were evaluated by measuring cell numbers and colony formation. Apoptosis was monitored with flow cytometry for annexin V-positive cells and Western blotting for protein cleavage. Intracellular protein and mRNA alterations were detected with Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. Drug effects on delaying osimertinib acquired resistance were determined using colony formation in vitro and xenografts in nude mice in vivo, respectively. Cell senescence was assayed by β-galactosidase staining. RESULTS Inhibition of ACK1 with the novel ACK1 inhibitor, (R)-9b synergized with osimertinib in inhibiting the growth of EGFR mutant NSCLC cell lines. Similar results were also generated with ACK1 gene knockdown. The combination of osimertinib and (R)-9b enhanced induction of apoptosis. In both in vitro and in vivo long-term resistance delay assays, the combination of (R)-9b and osimertinib clearly delayed the emergence of osimertinib-resistance. Further, the (R)-9b and osimertinib combination was also effective in inhibiting the growth of EGFR mutant NSCLC cell lines with acquired resistance to osimertinib, which possess elevated levels of ACK1, and the growth of osimertinib-resistant tumors in vivo. In some resistant cell lines, the combinations induced senescence in addition to induction of apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings suggest that ACK1 inhibition might be a potential and innovative strategy for delaying and overcoming osimertinb acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Luxi Qian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China; Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guojing Zhang
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Departments of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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18
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Chen Y, Lan T. Molecular Origin, Expression Regulation, and Biological Function of Androgen Receptor Splicing Variant 7 in Prostate Cancer. Urol Int 2020; 105:337-353. [PMID: 32957106 DOI: 10.1159/000510124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The problem of resistance to therapy in prostate cancer (PCa) is multifaceted. Key determinants of drug resistance include tumor burden and growth kinetics, tumor heterogeneity, physical barriers, immune system and microenvironment, undruggable cancer drivers, and consequences of therapeutic pressures. With regard to the fundamental importance of the androgen receptor (AR) in all stages of PCa from tumorigenesis to progression, AR is postulated to have a continued critical role in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Suppression of AR signaling mediated by the full-length AR (AR-FL) is the therapeutic goal of all AR-directed therapies. However, AR-targeting agents ultimately lead to AR aberrations that promote PCa progression and drug resistance. Among these AR aberrations, androgen receptor variant 7 (AR-V7) is gaining attention as a potential predictive marker for as well as one of the resistance mechanisms to the most current anti-AR therapies in CRPC. Meanwhile, development of next-generation drugs that directly or indirectly target AR-V7 signaling is urgently needed. In the present review of the current literature, we have summarized the origin, alternative splicing, expression induction, protein conformation, interaction with coregulators, relationship with AR-FL, transcriptional activity, and biological function of AR-V7 in PCa development and therapeutic resistance. We hope this review will help further understand the molecular origin, expression regulation, and role of AR-V7 in the progression of PCa and provide insight into the design of novel selective inhibitors of AR-V7 in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Joint Logistic Support 940 Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Department of Urology, Joint Logistic Support 940 Hospital of CPLA, Lanzhou, China,
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19
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Zhang T, Qu R, Chan S, Lai M, Tong L, Feng F, Chen H, Song T, Song P, Bai G, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Su Y, Shen Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Geng M, Ding K, Ding J, Xie H. Discovery of a novel third-generation EGFR inhibitor and identification of a potential combination strategy to overcome resistance. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:90. [PMID: 32404161 PMCID: PMC7218543 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with activating EGFR mutations initially respond to first-generation EGFR inhibitors; however, the efficacy of these drugs is limited by acquired resistance driven by the EGFR T790M mutation. The discovery of third-generation EGFR inhibitors overcoming EGFR T790M and their new resistance mechanisms have attracted much attention. METHODS We examined the antitumor activities and potential resistance mechanism of a novel EGFR third-generation inhibitor in vitro and in vivo using ELISA, SRB assay, immunoblotting, flow cytometric analysis, kinase array, qRT-PCR and tumor xenograft models. The clinical effect on a patient was evaluated by computed tomography scan. RESULTS We identified compound ASK120067 as a novel inhibitor of EGFR T790M, with selectivity over EGFR WT. ASK120067 exhibited potent anti-proliferation activity in tumor cells harboring EGFR T790M (NCI-H1975) and sensitizing mutations (PC-9 and HCC827) while showed moderate or weak inhibition in cells expressing EGFR WT. Oral administration of ASK120067 induced tumor regression in NSCLC xenograft models and in a PDX model harboring EGFR T790M. The treatment of one patient with advanced EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC was described as proof of principle. Moreover, we found that hyperphosphorylation of Ack1 and the subsequent activation of antiapoptotic signaling via the AKT pathway contributed to ASK120067 resistance. Concomitant targeting of EGFR and Ack1 effectively overrode the acquired resistance of ASK120067 both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results idenfity ASK120067 as a promising third-generation EGFR inhibitor and reveal for the first time that Ack1 activation as a novel resistance mechanism to EGFR inhibitors that guide to potential combination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Rong Qu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shingpan Chan
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemistry Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Mengzhen Lai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Fang Feng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd (ASK pharm), 699 Kejian Road, Nanjing, 211112 China
| | - Tingting Song
- Jiangsu Aosaikang Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd (ASK pharm), 699 Kejian Road, Nanjing, 211112 China
| | - Peiran Song
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Gang Bai
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yingqiang Liu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yi Su
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yi Chen
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemistry Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, No. 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632 China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203 China
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20
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The non-receptor tyrosine kinase ACK: regulatory mechanisms, signalling pathways and opportunities for attACKing cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1715-1731. [PMID: 31845724 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated Cdc42-associated kinase or ACK, is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase and an effector protein for the small G protein Cdc42. A substantial body of evidence has accumulated in the past few years heavily implicating ACK as a driver of oncogenic processes. Concomitantly, more is also being revealed regarding the signalling pathways involving ACK and molecular details of its modes of action. Some details are also available regarding the regulatory mechanisms of this kinase, including activation and regulation of its catalytic activity, however, a full understanding of these aspects remains elusive. This review considers the current knowledge base concerning ACK and summarizes efforts and future prospects to target ACK therapeutically in cancer.
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21
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Groendyke BJ, Powell CE, Feru F, Gero TW, Li Z, Szabo H, Pang K, Feutrill J, Chen B, Li B, Gray NS, Scott DA. Benzopyrimidodiazepinone inhibitors of TNK2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126948. [PMID: 31928839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.126948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The SAR of a series of benzopyrimidodiazepinone inhibitors of TNK2 was developed, starting from the potent and selective compound XMD8-87. A diverse set of anilines was introduced in an effort to improve the in vivo PK profile and minimize the risk of quinone diimine formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Groendyke
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chelsea E Powell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frederic Feru
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas W Gero
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhengnian Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hilary Szabo
- Vivid BioSciences, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Kevin Pang
- Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Feutrill
- SYNthesis Med Chem, 425 Changyang Street, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bailing Chen
- SYNthesis Med Chem, 425 Changyang Street, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Li
- SYNthesis Med Chem, 425 Changyang Street, Suzhou Industry Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, 360 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Qi L, Ding Y. TNK2 as a key drug target for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:48-52. [PMID: 30036625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Currently, few small molecular compounds are being used as therapeutic targets in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC); therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel drug targets, which could be used in the treatment of CRC. The Connectivity Map (cmap) web server was used to correlate the differentially expressed genes of CRC with the small molecular compounds related to the disease. Thus, we identified six small molecular compounds to be potentially relevant to the development of CRC. Target protein analysis revealed that TNK2 is a common target of the three small molecular compounds, which were included in the set of six small molecular compounds mentioned earlier. In addition, the continuous activation of TNK2 was observed in the development of CRC. This indicates that TNK2 may have the potential of being a key drug target in the treatment of metastatic CRC. The Molinspiration tool was used to analyze small molecular compounds, which are bound to TNK2 in the Protein Data Bank (PDB). We found that a small molecular compound in protein with the PDB identification code 4EWH had higher scores in terms of kinase inhibition but lower scores in terms of other biological activity indices. This indicates that the compound had good kinase specificity, which is a key characteristic of other existing clinically approved anti-tumor small molecular compounds. By performing target protein prediction analysis, we identified 122 target proteins of the small molecular compound in 4EWH. Out of the 122 target proteins, 21 proteins showed kinase activity, including TNK2. Enrichment analysis was performed on the diseases in which these 122 target proteins were involved, and the results revealed that CRC had the highest correlation. Moreover, 47 target proteins were individually correlated with the progression of CRC. This further suggests that the small molecular compound can inhibit CRC. Thus, TNK2 was considered as a potential drug target in the treatment of metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanqing Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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23
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Jenkins C, Luty SB, Maxson JE, Eide CA, Abel ML, Togiai C, Nemecek ER, Bottomly D, McWeeney SK, Wilmot B, Loriaux M, Chang BH, Tyner JW. Synthetic lethality of TNK2 inhibition in PTPN11-mutant leukemia. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/539/eaao5617. [PMID: 30018082 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao5617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11 is implicated in the pathogenesis of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and other malignancies. Activating mutations in PTPN11 increase downstream proliferative signaling and cell survival. We investigated the signaling upstream of PTPN11 in JMML and AML cells and found that PTPN11 was activated by the nonreceptor tyrosine/serine/threonine kinase TNK2 and that PTPN11-mutant JMML and AML cells were sensitive to TNK2 inhibition. In cultured human cell-based assays, PTPN11 and TNK2 interacted directly, enabling TNK2 to phosphorylate PTPN11, which subsequently dephosphorylated TNK2 in a negative feedback loop. Mutations in PTPN11 did not affect this physical interaction but increased the basal activity of PTPN11 such that TNK2-mediated activation was additive. Consequently, coexpression of TNK2 and mutant PTPN11 synergistically increased mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and enhanced colony formation in bone marrow cells from mice. Chemical inhibition of TNK2 blocked MAPK signaling and colony formation in vitro and decreased disease burden in a patient with PTPN11-mutant JMML who was treated with the multikinase (including TNK2) inhibitor dasatinib. Together, these data suggest that TNK2 is a promising therapeutic target for PTPN11-mutant leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Jenkins
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Samuel B Luty
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julia E Maxson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher A Eide
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melissa L Abel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Corinne Togiai
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Eneida R Nemecek
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel Bottomly
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marc Loriaux
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Bill H Chang
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. .,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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24
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Bustelo XR. RHO GTPases in cancer: known facts, open questions, and therapeutic challenges. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:741-760. [PMID: 29871878 PMCID: PMC7615761 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RHO GTPases have been traditionally associated with protumorigenic functions. While this paradigm is still valid in many cases, recent data have unexpectedly revealed that RHO proteins can also play tumor suppressor roles. RHO signaling elements can also promote both pro- and antitumorigenic effects using GTPase-independent mechanisms, thus giving an extra layer of complexity to the role of these proteins in cancer. Consistent with these variegated roles, both gain- and loss-of-function mutations in RHO pathway genes have been found in cancer patients. Collectively, these observations challenge long-held functional archetypes for RHO proteins in both normal and cancer cells. In this review, I will summarize these data and discuss new questions arising from them such as the functional and clinical relevance of the mutations found in patients, the mechanistic orchestration of those antagonistic functions in tumors, and the pros and cons that these results represent for the development of RHO-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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25
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Ruggero K, Farran-Matas S, Martinez-Tebar A, Aytes A. Epigenetic Regulation in Prostate Cancer Progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:101-115. [PMID: 29888169 PMCID: PMC5976687 DOI: 10.1007/s40610-018-0095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review An important number of newly identified molecular alterations in prostate cancer affect gene encoding master regulators of chromatin biology epigenetic regulation. This review will provide an updated view of the key epigenetic mechanisms underlying prostate cancer progression, therapy resistance, and potential actionable mechanisms and biomarkers. Recent Findings Key players in chromatin biology and epigenetic master regulators has been recently described to be crucially altered in metastatic CRPC and tumors that progress to AR independency. As such, epigenetic dysregulation represents a driving mechanism in the reprograming of prostate cancer cells as they lose AR-imposed identity. Summary Chromatin integrity and accessibility for transcriptional regulation are key features altered in cancer progression, and particularly relevant in nuclear hormone receptor-driven tumors like prostate cancer. Understanding how chromatin remodeling dictates prostate development and how its deregulation contributes to prostate cancer onset and progression may improve risk stratification and treatment selection for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Ruggero
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Farran-Matas
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Martinez-Tebar
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Aytes
- Programs of Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapeutics in Oncology (ONCOBell), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, Granvia de l'Hopitalet, 199 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.,Programs of Cancer Therapeutics Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Regulating Cdc42 and Its Signaling Pathways in Cancer: Small Molecules and MicroRNA as New Treatment Candidates. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23040787. [PMID: 29596304 PMCID: PMC6017947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of neoplasms, metastatic disease is still the leading cause of death in cancer patients, with mortality rates still rising. Given this background, new ways to treat cancer will be important for development of improved cancer control strategies. Cdc42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family and plays an important role in cell-to-cell adhesion, formation of cytoskeletal structures, and cell cycle regulation. It thus influences cellular proliferation, transformation, and homeostasis, as well as the cellular migration and invasion processes underlying tumor formation. Cdc42 acts as a collection point for signal transduction and regulates multiple signaling pathways. Moreover, recent studies show that in most human cancers Cdc42 is abnormally expressed and promoting neoplastic growth and metastasis. Regarding possible new treatments for cancer, miRNA and small molecules targeting Cdc42 and related pathways have been recently found to be effective on cancer. In this review, we analyze the newly recognized regulation mechanisms for Cdc42 and Cdc42-related signal pathways, and particularly new treatments using small molecules and miRNAs to inhibit the abnormal overexpression of Cdc42 that may slow down the metastasis process, improve cancer therapy and lead to novel strategies for development of antineoplastic drugs.
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27
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Wu X, Zahari MS, Renuse S, Kelkar DS, Barbhuiya MA, Rojas PL, Stearns V, Gabrielson E, Malla P, Sukumar S, Mahajan NP, Pandey A. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase TNK2/ACK1 is a novel therapeutic target in triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2971-2983. [PMID: 27902967 PMCID: PMC5356856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. About 15-20% of all breast cancers do not express estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or HER2 receptor and hence are collectively classified as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). These tumors are often relatively aggressive when compared to other types of breast cancer, and this issue is compounded by the lack of effective targeted therapy. In our previous phosphoproteomic profiling effort, we identified the non-receptor tyrosine kinase TNK2 as activated in a majority of aggressive TNBC cell lines. In the current study, we show that high expression of TNK2 in breast cancer cell lines correlates with high proliferation, invasion and colony forming ability. We demonstrate that knockdown of TNK2 expression can substantially suppress the invasiveness and proliferation advantage of TNBC cells in vitro and tumor formation in xenograft mouse models. Moreover, inhibition of TNK2 with small molecule inhibitor (R)-9bMS significantly compromised TNBC proliferation. Finally, we find that high levels of TNK2 expression in high-grade basal-like breast cancers correlates significantly with poorer patient outcome. Taken together, our study suggests that TNK2 is a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Muhammad Saddiq Zahari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Dhanashree S Kelkar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Pamela L Rojas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Vered Stearns
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Pavani Malla
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, U.S.A
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, U.S.A.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, U.S.A
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD 21205, U.S.A
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28
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Zhao X, Lv C, Chen S, Zhi F. A role for the non-receptor tyrosine kinase ACK1 in TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis and proliferation in human intestinal epithelial caco-2 cells. Cell Biol Int 2017; 42:1097-1105. [PMID: 28921811 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The roles of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and its mediators in cellular processes related to intestinal diseases remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to determine the biological role of activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) in TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis and proliferation in Caco-2 cells. ACK1 expression was knocked down using ACK1-specific siRNAs, and ACK1 activity was disrupted using a small molecule ACK1 inhibitor. The Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) and the BrdU incorporation assays were used to measure apoptosis and cell proliferation, respectively. ACK1-specific siRNA and the pharmacological ACK1 inhibitor significantly abrogated the TNF-alpha-mediated anti-apoptotic effects and proliferation of Caco-2 cells. Interestingly, TNF-alpha activated ACK1 at tyrosine 284 (Tyr284), and the ErbB family of proteins was implicated in ACK1 activation in Caco-2 cells. ACK1-Tyr284 was required for protein kinase B (AKT) activation, and ACK1 signaling was mediated through recruiting and phosphorylating the down-stream adaptor protein AKT, which likely promoted cell proliferation in response to TNF-alpha. Moreover, ACK1 activated AKT and Src enhanced nuclear factor-кB (NF-кB) activity, suggesting a correlation between NF-кB signaling and TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis in Caco-2 cells. Our results demonstrate that ACK1 plays an important role in modulating TNF-alpha-induced aberrant cell proliferation and apoptosis, mediated in part by ACK1 activation. ACK1 and its down-stream effectors may hold promise as therapeutic targets in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers, in particular, those induced by chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chaolan Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shengbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fachao Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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29
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Xu SH, Huang JZ, Chen M, Zeng M, Zou FY, Chen D, Yan GR. Amplification of ACK1 promotes gastric tumorigenesis via ECD-dependent p53 ubiquitination degradation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12705-12716. [PMID: 26498357 PMCID: PMC5355047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification or over-expression of an activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) gene is common in breast, lung and ovarian cancers. However, little is known about the role of ACK1 in gastric tumorigenesis. Here, we found that DNA copy numbers of the ACK1 gene and its mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in gastric cancer (GC) compared to normal gastric tissues. Additionally, silencing ACK1 inhibited GC cell proliferation and colony formation, induced G2/M arrest and cellular apoptosis in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Gene Ontology annotation revealed that 147 differential proteins regulated by ACK1 knockdown were closely related with cellular survival. A cell cycle regulator, ecdysoneless homolog (ECD), was found to be significantly down-regulated by ACK1 knockdown. Silencing of ECD inhibited colony formation and induced G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis, which is similar to the effects of ACK1 knockdown. Silencing of ECD did not further enhance the effects of ACK1 knockdown on G2/M arrest and apoptosis, while silencing of ECD blocked the enhancement of colony formation by ACK1 over-expression. Over-expression of ACK or ECD promoted the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53 protein and decreased p53 levels, while silencing of ACK1 or ECD decreased the p53 ubiquitination level and increased p53 levels. Silencing of ECD attenuated the ubiquitination enhancement of p53 induced by ACK1 over-expression. Collectively, we demonstrate that amplification of ACK1 promotes gastric tumorigenesis by inducing an ECD-dependent ubiquitination degradation of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hui Xu
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Huang
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Yan Zou
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Chen
- Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Rong Yan
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Mahajan K, Malla P, Lawrence HR, Chen Z, Kumar-Sinha C, Malik R, Shukla S, Kim J, Coppola D, Lawrence NJ, Mahajan NP. ACK1/TNK2 Regulates Histone H4 Tyr88-phosphorylation and AR Gene Expression in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:790-803.e8. [PMID: 28609657 PMCID: PMC5512571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is critical for the progression of prostate cancer to a castration-resistant (CRPC) state. AR antagonists are ineffective due to their inability to repress the expression of AR or its splice variant, AR-V7. Here, we report that the tyrosine kinase ACK1 (TNK2) phosphorylates histone H4 at tyrosine 88 upstream of the AR transcription start site. The WDR5/MLL2 complex reads the H4-Y88-phosphorylation marks and deposits the transcriptionally activating H3K4-trimethyl marks promoting AR transcription. Reversal of the pY88-H4 epigenetic marks by the ACK1 inhibitor (R)-9bMS-sensitized naive and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and reduced AR and AR-V7 levels to mitigate CRPC tumor growth. Thus, a feedforward ACK1/pY88-H4/WDR5/MLL2/AR epigenetic circuit drives CRPC and is necessary for maintenance of the malignant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mahajan
- Tumor Biology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Pavani Malla
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Chemical Biology Core, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chandan Kumar-Sinha
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rohit Malik
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sudhanshu Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jongphil Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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31
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Liu Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu B, Zhang K. miR-24 represses metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells by targeting Ack1 via AKT/MMPs pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:211-217. [PMID: 28189676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The expression levels of the protein tyrosine kinase Ack1 has been reported to be dysregulated in various cancers and involve in oncogenesis and progression. However, the expression and role of Ack1 in osteosarcoma remains unknown. In this study, we found that Ack1 were evidently upregulated in human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. In addition, the clinical data showed that high expression level of Ack1 is closely associated with clinical stage and positive distant metastasis, and negatively correlated with overall survival. Then, bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay indicated Ack1 as a direct target of miR-24, and Ack1 could be downregulated by miR-24 at both the mRNA and protein expression levels. Moreover, Ack1 expression levels were inversely correlated with that of miR-24 in osteosarcoma tissues. Furthermore, functional assay showed that miR-24 significantly suppressed osteosarcoma progression partially mediated by inhibiting Ack1 expression. Finally, western bolt assay revealed that miR-24 regulate AKT/MMPs pathway via Ack1 in osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the suppression of miR-24 on osteosarcoma metastasis by targeting Ack1 via AKT/MMPs pathways, providing a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Zhitao Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Yuanjun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Kexiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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32
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Chattopadhyay I, Wang J, Qin M, Gao L, Holtz R, Vessella RL, Leach RW, Gelman IH. Src promotes castration-recurrent prostate cancer through androgen receptor-dependent canonical and non-canonical transcriptional signatures. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10324-10347. [PMID: 28055971 PMCID: PMC5354662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer (PC) to castration-recurrent growth (CRPC) remains dependent on sustained expression and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR). A major mechanism contributing to CRPC progression is through the direct phosphorylation and activation of AR by Src-family (SFK) and ACK1 tyrosine kinases. However, the AR-dependent transcriptional networks activated by Src during CRPC progression have not been elucidated. Here, we show that activated Src (Src527F) induces androgen-independent growth in human LNCaP cells, concomitant with its ability to induce proliferation/survival genes normally induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in androgen-dependent LNCaP and VCaP cells. Src induces additional gene signatures unique to CRPC cell lines, LNCaP-C4-2 and CWR22Rv1, and to CRPC LuCaP35.1 xenografts. By comparing the Src-induced AR-cistrome and/or transcriptome in LNCaP to those in CRPC and LuCaP35.1 tumors, we identified an 11-gene Src-regulated CRPC signature consisting of AR-dependent, AR binding site (ARBS)-associated genes whose expression is altered by DHT in LNCaP[Src527F] but not in LNCaP cells. The differential expression of a subset (DPP4, BCAT1, CNTNAP4, CDH3) correlates with earlier PC metastasis onset and poorer survival, with the expression of BCAT1 required for Src-induced androgen-independent proliferation. Lastly, Src enhances AR binding to non-canonical ARBS enriched for FOXO1, TOP2B and ZNF217 binding motifs; cooperative AR/TOP2B binding to a non-canonical ARBS was both Src- and DHT-sensitive and correlated with increased levels of Src-induced phosphotyrosyl-TOP2B. These data suggest that CRPC progression is facilitated via Src-induced sensitization of AR to intracrine androgen levels, resulting in the engagement of canonical and non-canonical ARBS-dependent gene signatures.
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MESH Headings
- Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Dihydrotestosterone/pharmacology
- Disease Progression
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Phosphorylation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Receptors, Androgen/drug effects
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcriptome
- Transfection
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maochun Qin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Renae Holtz
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert W. Leach
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Irwin H. Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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33
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Lei X, Li YF, Chen GD, Ou DP, Qiu XX, Zuo CH, Yang LY. Ack1 overexpression promotes metastasis and indicates poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40622-41. [PMID: 26536663 PMCID: PMC4747357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the substantial data supporting the oncogenic role of Ack1, the predictive value and biologic role of Ack1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis remains unknown. In this study, both correlations of Ack1 expression with prognosis of HCC, and the role of Ack1 in metastasis of HCC were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that Ack1 was overexpressed in human HCC tissues and cell lines. High Ack1 expression was associated with HCC metastasis and determined as a significant and independent prognostic factor for HCC after liver resection. Ack1 promoted HCC invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we confirmed that Ack1 enhanced invasion and metastasis of HCC via EMT by mediating AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, our study shows Ack1 is a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC and promotes metastasis of HCC via EMT by activating AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Lei
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Dong Chen
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Di-Peng Ou
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Hui Zuo
- Department of Abdominal Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lian-Yue Yang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
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34
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Hu L, Xu J, Yin MX, Zhang L, Lu Y, Wu W, Xue Z, Ho MS, Gao G, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Ack promotes tissue growth via phosphorylation and suppression of the Hippo pathway component Expanded. Cell Discov 2016; 2:15047. [PMID: 27462444 PMCID: PMC4860957 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase activated cdc42 kinase was reported to participate in several types of cancers in mammals. It is also believed to have an anti-apoptotic function in Drosophila. Here, we report the identification of Drosophila activated cdc42 kinase as a growth promoter and a novel Hippo signaling pathway regulator. We find that activated cdc42 kinase promotes tissue growth through modulating Yorkie activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activated cdc42 kinase interacts with Expanded and induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Expanded on multiple sites. We propose a model that activated cdc42 kinase negatively regulates Expanded by changing its phosphorylation status to promote tissue growth. Moreover, we show that ack genetically interacts with merlin and expanded. Thus, we identify Drosophila activated cdc42 kinase as a Hippo pathway regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Xue
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Margaret S Ho
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University , Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Maxson JE, Abel ML, Wang J, Deng X, Reckel S, Luty SB, Sun H, Gorenstein J, Hughes SB, Bottomly D, Wilmot B, McWeeney SK, Radich J, Hantschel O, Middleton RE, Gray NS, Druker BJ, Tyner JW. Identification and Characterization of Tyrosine Kinase Nonreceptor 2 Mutations in Leukemia through Integration of Kinase Inhibitor Screening and Genomic Analysis. Cancer Res 2015; 76:127-38. [PMID: 26677978 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The amount of genomic information about leukemia cells currently far exceeds our overall understanding of the precise genetic events that ultimately drive disease development and progression. Effective implementation of personalized medicine will require tools to distinguish actionable genetic alterations within the complex genetic landscape of leukemia. In this study, we performed kinase inhibitor screens to predict functional gene targets in primary specimens from patients with acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Deep sequencing of the same patient specimens identified genetic alterations that were then integrated with the functionally important targets using the HitWalker algorithm to prioritize the mutant genes that most likely explain the observed drug sensitivity patterns. Through this process, we identified tyrosine kinase nonreceptor 2 (TNK2) point mutations that exhibited oncogenic capacity. Importantly, the integration of functional and genomic data using HitWalker allowed for prioritization of rare oncogenic mutations that may have been missed through genomic analysis alone. These mutations were sensitive to the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib, which antagonizes TNK2 kinase activity, as well as novel TNK2 inhibitors, XMD8-87 and XMD16-5, with greater target specificity. We also identified activating truncation mutations in other tumor types that were sensitive to XMD8-87 and XMD16-5, exemplifying the potential utility of these compounds across tumor types dependent on TNK2. Collectively, our findings highlight a more sensitive approach for identifying actionable genomic lesions that may be infrequently mutated or overlooked and provide a new method for the prioritization of candidate genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Maxson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Melissa L Abel
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xianming Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sina Reckel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel B Luty
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Huahang Sun
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Gorenstein
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Seamus B Hughes
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Bottomly
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shannon K McWeeney
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jerald Radich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Hantschel
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard E Middleton
- Belfer Institute for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian J Druker
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon. Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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36
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Wu X, Zahari MS, Ma B, Liu R, Renuse S, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Chen L, Chaerkady R, Kim MS, Zhong J, Jelinek C, Barbhuiya MA, Leal-Rojas P, Yang Y, Kashyap MK, Marimuthu A, Ling M, Fackler MJ, Merino V, Zhang Z, Zahnow CA, Gabrielson E, Stearns V, Roa JC, Sukumar S, Gill PS, Pandey A. Global phosphotyrosine survey in triple-negative breast cancer reveals activation of multiple tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2015; 6:29143-60. [PMID: 26356563 PMCID: PMC4745717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. About 15-20% of all breast cancers are triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and are often highly aggressive when compared to other subtypes of breast cancers. To better characterize the biology that underlies the TNBC phenotype, we profiled the phosphotyrosine proteome of a panel of twenty-six TNBC cell lines using quantitative high resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. A heterogeneous pattern of tyrosine kinase activation was observed based on 1,789 tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides identified from 969 proteins. One of the tyrosine kinases, AXL, was found to be activated in a majority of aggressive TNBC cell lines and was accompanied by a higher level of AXL expression. High levels of AXL expression are correlated with a significant decrease in patient survival. Treatment of cells bearing activated AXL with a humanized AXL antibody inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and tumor growth in mice. Overall, our global phosphoproteomic analysis provided new insights into the heterogeneity in the activation status of tyrosine kinase pathways in TNBCs. Our approach presents an effective means of identifying important novel biomarkers and targets for therapy such as AXL in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Wu
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Muhammad Saddiq Zahari
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Binyun Ma
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Nandini A. Sahasrabuddhe
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Lily Chen
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jun Zhong
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Christine Jelinek
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mustafa A. Barbhuiya
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Pamela Leal-Rojas
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 7 Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Yi Yang
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Arivusudar Marimuthu
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 5 Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Min Ling
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mary Jo Fackler
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Vanessa Merino
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Zahnow
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Vered Stearns
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- 8 Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Department of Pathology Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Parkash S. Gill
- 6 Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 2 McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 3 Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- 4 Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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37
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Knauer SK, Mahendrarajah N, Roos WP, Krämer OH. The inducible E3 ubiquitin ligases SIAH1 and SIAH2 perform critical roles in breast and prostate cancers. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2015; 26:405-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Karaca M, Liu Y, Zhang Z, De Silva D, Parker JS, Earp HS, Whang YE. Mutation of androgen receptor N-terminal phosphorylation site Tyr-267 leads to inhibition of nuclear translocation and DNA binding. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126270. [PMID: 25950519 PMCID: PMC4423977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of androgen receptor (AR) may drive recurrent prostate cancer in castrate patients. Ack1 tyrosine kinase is overexpressed in prostate cancer and promotes castrate resistant xenograft tumor growth and enhances androgen target gene expression and AR recruitment to enhancers. Ack1 phosphorylates AR at Tyr-267 and possibly Tyr-363, both in the N-terminal transactivation domain. In this study, the role of these phosphorylation sites was investigated by characterizing the phosphorylation site mutants in the context of full length and truncated AR lacking the ligand-binding domain. Y267F and Y363F mutants showed decreased transactivation of reporters. Expression of wild type full length and truncated AR in LNCaP cells increased cell proliferation in androgen-depleted conditions and increased colony formation. However, the Y267F mutant of full length and truncated AR was defective in stimulating cell proliferation. The Y363F mutant was less severely affected than the Y267F mutant. The full length AR Y267F mutant was defective in nuclear translocation induced by androgen or Ack1 kinase. The truncated AR was constitutively localized to the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that it was recruited to the target enhancers without androgen. The truncated Y267F AR mutant did not exhibit constitutive nuclear localization and androgen enhancer binding activity. These results support the concept that phosphorylation of Tyr-267, and to a lesser extent Tyr-363, is required for AR nuclear translocation and recruitment and DNA binding and provide a rationale for development of novel approaches to inhibit AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karaca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
| | - Yuanbo Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
| | - Dinuka De Silva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Young E. Whang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mendez P, Ramirez JL. Copy number gains of FGFR1 and 3q chromosome in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2015; 2:101-11. [PMID: 25806221 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2218-6751.2013.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SQCCL) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death. Unlike non-smoker adenocarcinoma of the lung, where highly efficient tyrosine kinase inhibitors are available for treating mutant EGFR or ALK-rearranged, no targetable biomarkers are available for SQCCL. The frequent and focal amplification of FGFR1 has generated great expectations in offering new therapeutical options in case of 16-22% of SQCCL patients. Broad 3q chromosome amplification is widely recognized as the most common chromosomal aberration found in SQCCL, where PIK3CA, SOX2, ACK1, PRKCI, TP63, PLD1, ECT2, and others genes are located. Although SOX2 has been postulated as a key regulator of basal stem cells transformation and tumor progression, it seems to confer a good prognosis in SQCCL. It is known that each patient might carry a different length of 3q chromosome amplicon. Thus, we suggest that the number and the biological importance of the genes spanned along each patient's 3q amplicon might help to explain inter-individual outcome variations of the disease and its potential predictive value, especially when relevant oncogenes such as those mentioned above are implicated. Currently, there is no clinical predictive data available from clinical trials. In this review, we have focused on the potential role of FGFR1 in SQCCL prognosis. Additionally, we have explored recently available public data on the comprehensive genomic characterization of SQCCL, in relation to the protein-coding genes that have a strong gene copy number - mRNA correlation in 3q chromosome, that were previously described as potential driver oncogenes or its modifiers in SQCCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mendez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; ; Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ; ; Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Xu SH, Huang JZ, Xu ML, Yu G, Yin XF, Chen D, Yan GR. ACK1 promotes gastric cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis through AKT-POU2F1-ECD signalling. J Pathol 2015; 236:175-85. [PMID: 25678401 DOI: 10.1002/path.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of the activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1) gene is frequent in gastric cancer (GC). However, little is known about the clinical roles and molecular mechanisms of ACK1 abnormalities in GC. Here, we found that the ACK1 protein level and ACK1 phosphorylation at Tyr 284 were frequently elevated in GC and associated with poor patient survival. Ectopic ACK1 expression in GC cells induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promoted migration and invasion in vitro, and metastasis in vivo; the depletion of ACK1 induced the opposite effects. We utilized SILAC quantitative proteomics to discover that the level of the cell cycle-related protein ecdysoneless homologue (ECD) was markedly altered by ACK1. Overexpression of ECD promoted EMT, migration, and invasion in GC, similar to the effects of ACK1 overexpression. Silencing of ECD completely blocked the augmentation of ACK1 overexpression-induced EMT, migration, and invasion. Mechanistically, ACK1 phosphorylated AKT at Thr 308 and Ser 473 and activated the AKT pathway to up-regulate the transcription factor POU2F1, which directly bound to the promoter region of its novel target gene ECD and thus regulated ECD expression in GC cells. Furthermore, the phosphorylation levels of AKT at Thr 308 and Ser 473 and POU2F1 and ECD levels were positively associated with ACK1 levels in clinical GC specimens. Collectively, we have demonstrated that ACK1 promotes EMT, migration, and invasion by activating AKT-POU2F1-ECD signalling in GC cells. ACK1 may be employed as a new prognostic factor and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hui Xu
- Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, Guangzhou, China.,Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Huang
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Li Xu
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangchuang Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xing-Feng Yin
- Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Chen
- Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Rong Yan
- Biomedicine Research Center and Department of Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medicine University, Guangzhou, China.,Institutes of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Xie B, Zen Q, Wang X, He X, Xie Y, Zhang Z, Li H. ACK1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via downregulating WWOX and activating AKT signaling. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:2057-66. [PMID: 25738261 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that ACK1 is upregulated in various cancers and promotes tumor progression. However, the role and mechanism of ACK1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, the expression of ACK1 was assessed in several cell lines and 150 pairs of HCC and adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. The protein expression of p-ACK1 and WWOX were detected by immunohistochemistry to evaluate their correlation with ACK1. Flow cytometry, caspase 3/7 activity assay, BrdU cell proliferation assay, MTT assay and Transwell assay were used to detect apoptosis, proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells. The regulatory effect of ACK1 on WWOX, AKT, p-AKT, MMP2 and MMP9 in HCC cells was confirmed by immuno-blotting. We found that ACK1 was more highly expressed in HCC tissues than in non-HCC tissues, and over-expression of ACK1 was correlated with clinicopathological features of poor prognosis. Clinical analysis demonstrated that ACK1 is an independent prognostic marker for predicting overall survival and disease-free survival of HCC patients. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis indicated that ACK1 was positively associated with p-ACK1 and was negatively associated with WWOX expression. In vitro studies showed that knockdown of ACK1 promoted HCC cell apoptosis and repressed HCC cells invasion, migration and proliferation. Furthermore, knockdown of ACK1 resulted in upregulation of WWOX and inactivation of AKT signaling. In this study, we also found that knockdown of ACK1 resulted in the downregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in HCC. Our results indicate that ACK1 is an independent prognostic marker and promotes HCC progression via downregulating WWOX and activating AKT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhui Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Qinshan Zen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yuankang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Zixiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P.R. China
| | - Heping Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
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Gu DN, Huang Q, Tian L. The molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of microRNA-7 in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:415-26. [PMID: 25434362 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.988708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence supports that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer through post-transcriptional gene silencing of their target genes, therefore, more and more effort has been devoted to develop miRNA-targeting therapeutics in cancer. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) has been characterized as a potential tumor suppressor and regulates diverse fundamental biological processes of cancer cells including initiation, proliferation, migration, invasion, survival and death by targeting a number of oncogenic signaling pathways. AREAS COVERED This review examines evidence of the biological responses of miR-7 in cancer, with an emphasis on its regulation of the vital oncogenic signaling pathways. It also discusses the rationale, strategies and challenges of miR-7 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. EXPERT OPINION With the increasing understanding of molecular mechanisms of miR-7-mediated regulatory networks and the advancement of miRNA-based therapeutics, targeting miR-7 may be a potential and promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Na Gu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Experimental Research Center , Shanghai 201620 , PR China +86 21 37798755 ; +86 21 37798276 ;
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Rudd ML, Mohamed H, Price JC, O'Hara AJ, Le Gallo M, Urick ME, Cruz P, Zhang S, Hansen NF, Godwin AK, Sgroi DC, Wolfsberg TG, Mullikin JC, Merino MJ, Bell DW. Mutational analysis of the tyrosine kinome in serous and clear cell endometrial cancer uncovers rare somatic mutations in TNK2 and DDR1. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:884. [PMID: 25427824 PMCID: PMC4258955 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 8th leading cause of cancer death amongst American women. Most ECs are endometrioid, serous, or clear cell carcinomas, or an admixture of histologies. Serous and clear ECs are clinically aggressive tumors for which alternative therapeutic approaches are needed. The purpose of this study was to search for somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinome of serous and clear cell ECs, because mutated kinases can point to potential therapeutic targets. METHODS In a mutation discovery screen, we PCR amplified and Sanger sequenced the exons encoding the catalytic domains of 86 tyrosine kinases from 24 serous, 11 clear cell, and 5 mixed histology ECs. For somatically mutated genes, we next sequenced the remaining coding exons from the 40 discovery screen tumors and sequenced all coding exons from another 72 ECs (10 clear cell, 21 serous, 41 endometrioid). We assessed the copy number of mutated kinases in this cohort of 112 tumors using quantitative real time PCR, and we used immunoblotting to measure expression of these kinases in endometrial cancer cell lines. RESULTS Overall, we identified somatic mutations in TNK2 (tyrosine kinase non-receptor, 2) and DDR1 (discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1) in 5.3% (6 of 112) and 2.7% (3 of 112) of ECs. Copy number gains of TNK2 and DDR1 were identified in another 4.5% and 0.9% of 112 cases respectively. Immunoblotting confirmed TNK2 and DDR1 expression in endometrial cancer cell lines. Three of five missense mutations in TNK2 and one of two missense mutations in DDR1 are predicted to impact protein function by two or more in silico algorithms. The TNK2(P761Rfs*72) frameshift mutation was recurrent in EC, and the DDR1(R570Q) missense mutation was recurrent across tumor types. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to systematically search for mutations in the tyrosine kinome in clear cell endometrial tumors. Our findings indicate that high-frequency somatic mutations in the catalytic domains of the tyrosine kinome are rare in clear cell ECs. We uncovered ten new mutations in TNK2 and DDR1 within serous and endometrioid ECs, thus providing novel insights into the mutation spectrum of each gene in EC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daphne W Bell
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
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44
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QSAR study of ACK1 inhibitors by genetic algorithm–multiple linear regression (GA–MLR). JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mahajan K, Mahajan NP. ACK1/TNK2 tyrosine kinase: molecular signaling and evolving role in cancers. Oncogene 2014; 34:4162-7. [PMID: 25347744 PMCID: PMC4411206 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated tyrosine kinase signaling alters cellular homeostasis to drive cancer progression. The emergence of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 as an oncogenic kinase, has uncovered novel mechanisms by which tyrosine kinase signaling promotes cancer progression. While early studies focused on ACK1 (also known as activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 or TNK2) as a cytosolic effecter of activated transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), wherein it shuttles between the cytosol and the nucleus to rapidly transduce extracellular signals from the RTKs to the intracellular effectors, recent data unfold a new aspect of its functionality as an epigenetic regulator. ACK1 interacts with the Estrogen Receptor (ER)/histone demethylase KDM3A (JHDM2a) complex, modifies KDM3A by tyrosine phosphorylation to regulate transcriptional outcome at HOXA1 locus to promote the growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer. It is also well established that ACK1 regulates the activity of Androgen Receptor (AR) by tyrosine phosphorylation to fuel the growth of hormone-refractory prostate cancers. Further, recent explosion in genomic sequencing has revealed recurrent ACK1 gene amplification and somatic mutations in a variety of human malignancies, providing a molecular basis for its role in neoplastic transformation. In this review, we will discuss the various facets of ACK1 signaling, including its newly uncovered epigenetic regulator function, which enables cells to bypass the blockade to major survival pathways to promote resistance to standard cancer treatments. Not surprisingly, cancer cells appear to acquire an `addiction’ to ACK1 mediated survival, particularly under stress conditions, such as growth factor deprivation or genotoxic insults or hormone deprivation. With the accelerated development of potent and selective ACK1 inhibitors, targeted treatment for cancers harboring aberrant ACK1 activity may soon become a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mahajan
- 1] Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, Tampa, FL, USA [2] Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - N P Mahajan
- 1] Moffitt Cancer Center, Drug Discovery Department, Tampa, FL, USA [2] Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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46
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Prudnikova TY, Rawat SJ, Chernoff J. Molecular pathways: targeting the kinase effectors of RHO-family GTPases. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 21:24-9. [PMID: 25336694 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RHO GTPases, members of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases, are adhesion and growth factor-activated molecular switches that play important roles in tumor development and progression. When activated, RHO-family GTPases such as RAC1, CDC42, and RHOA, transmit signals by recruiting a variety of effector proteins, including the protein kinases PAK, ACK, MLK, MRCK, and ROCK. Genetically induced loss of RHO function impedes transformation by a number of oncogenic stimuli, leading to an interest in developing small-molecule inhibitors that either target RHO GTPases directly, or that target their downstream protein kinase effectors. Although inhibitors of RHO GTPases and their downstream signaling kinases have not yet been widely adopted for clinical use, their potential value as cancer therapeutics continues to facilitate pharmaceutical research and development and is a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonali J Rawat
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Chernoff
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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47
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Wang B, Xu T, Liu J, Zang S, Gao L, Huang A. Overexpression of activated Cdc42-associated kinase1 (Ack1) predicts tumor recurrence and poor survival in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:787-92. [PMID: 25445114 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in China. Recent research suggested that activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (Ack1) played an important role in facilitating tumorigenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis. However, the role of Ack1 in HCC is not clear. Herein, the expression level of Ack1 mRNA in 30 fresh HCC specimens (carcinoma, peri-carcinoma and distal-carcinoma tissues) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while the expression of Ack1 protein in 18 fresh HCC specimens (carcinoma, peri-carcinoma and distal-carcinoma tissues) was analyzed by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was also employed to assess both the expression level and distribution of Ack1 protein in HCC tissues collected from 173 lesions, so as to study the correlations between Ack1 protein expression and other HCC-related clinicopathologic parameters. The results showed that both Ack1 mRNA and protein were significantly over-expressed in HCC tissues than that of either peri-carcinoma or distal-carcinoma tissues (P < 0.001, P = 0.012, respectively), while there was no significant difference between peri-carcinoma and distal-carcinoma tissues. Furthermore, the results of IHC indicated that the rates of Ack1 expressions in the patients with capsular invasion, hepatic vessel involvement and recurrence were higher than without above three conditions (P = 0.037, P = 0.036, P = 0.019, respectively), whereas the patients with overexpression of Ack1 protein had low survival rate (P = 0.007). Ack1 expression, tumor size and recurrence were independently related to survival (P = 0.014, P = 0.018, P < 0.001, respectively). Thus, the level of Ack1 is associated with tumor invasion potential, and the expression of Ack1 plays an important role as predictor of recurrence and poor outcome in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Yuncheng Central Hospital of Shanxi Province, Yuncheng 044000, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Shengbing Zang
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Pathology and Institution of Oncology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.
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Mahajan K, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Mahajan NP. ACK1 tyrosine kinase interacts with histone demethylase KDM3A to regulate the mammary tumor oncogene HOXA1. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28179-91. [PMID: 25148682 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone therapy with the selective estrogen-receptor modulator tamoxifen provides a temporary relief for patients with estrogen receptor α (ER)-positive breast cancers. However, a subset of patients exhibiting overexpression of the HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase displays intrinsic resistance to tamoxifen therapy. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms promoting the estrogen (E2)-independent ER-regulated gene transcription in tamoxifen-resistant breast tumors is essential to identify new therapeutic avenues to overcome drug resistance and ameliorate poor prognosis. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase, ACK1 (also known as TNK2), has emerged as a major integrator of signaling from various receptor tyrosine kinases including HER2. We have uncovered that heregulin-mediated ACK1 activation promoted ER activity in the presence of tamoxifen, which was significantly down-regulated upon ACK1 knockdown or inhibition of ACK1 by small molecule inhibitors, AIM-100 or Dasatinib. We report that ACK1 phosphorylates the ER co-activator, KDM3A, a H3K9 demethylase, at an evolutionary conserved tyrosine 1114 site in a heregulin-dependent manner, even in the presence of tamoxifen. Consistent with this finding, ACK1 activation resulted in a significant decrease in the deposition of dimethyl H3K9 epigenetic marks. Conversely, inhibition of ACK1 by AIM-100 or Dasatinib restored dimethyl H3K9 methylation marks and caused transcriptional suppression of the ER-regulated gene HOXA1. Thus, by its ability to regulate the epigenetic activity of an ER co-activator KDM3A, ACK1 modulates HOXA1 expression in the absence of E2, conferring tamoxifen resistance. These data reveal a novel therapeutic option, suppression of ACK1 signaling by AIM-100 or Dasatinib, to mitigate HOXA1 up-regulation in breast cancer patients displaying tamoxifen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Mahajan
- From the Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, and the Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- From the Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, and the Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- From the Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, and the Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- From the Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, and the Department of Oncologic Sciences, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612
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Gelman IH. Androgen receptor activation in castration-recurrent prostate cancer: the role of Src-family and Ack1 tyrosine kinases. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:620-6. [PMID: 24948875 PMCID: PMC4062955 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CR-CaP) is driven by the continued expression of androgen receptor (AR). AR activation in CR-CaP through various mechanisms, including AR overexpression, expression of AR splice variants or mutants, increased expression of co-regulator proteins, and by post-translational modification, allows for the induction of AR-regulated genes in response to very low levels of tissue-expressed, so-called intracrine androgens, resulting in pathways that mediate CaP proliferation, anti-apoptosis and oncogenic aggressiveness. The current review focuses on the role played by Src-family (SFK) and Ack1 non-receptor tyrosine kinases in activating AR through direct phosphorylation, respectively, on tyrosines 534 or 267, and how these modifications facilitate progression to CR-CaP. The fact that SFK and Ack1 are central mediators for multiple growth factor receptor signaling pathways that become activated in CR-CaP, especially in the context of metastatic growth in the bone, has contributed to recent therapeutic trials using SFK/Ack1 inhibitors in monotherapy or in combination with antagonists of the AR activation axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irwin H. Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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50
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Bosutinib inhibits migration and invasion via ACK1 in KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:13. [PMID: 24461128 PMCID: PMC3930897 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of effective targeted therapeutics has led to increasing emphasis on precise biomarkers for accurate patient stratification. Here, we describe the role of ACK1, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase in abrogating migration and invasion in KRAS mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Bosutinib, which inhibits ACK1 at 2.7 nM IC50, was found to inhibit cell migration and invasion but not viability in a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Knockdown of ACK1 abrogated bosutinib-induced inhibition of cell migration and invasion specifically in KRAS mutant cells. This finding was further confirmed in an in vivo zebrafish metastatic model. Tissue microarray data on 210 Singaporean lung adenocarcinomas indicate that cytoplasmic ACK1 was significantly over-expressed relative to paired adjacent non-tumor tissue. Interestingly, ACK1 expression in “normal” tissue adjacent to tumour, but not tumour, was independently associated with poor overall and relapse-free survival. In conclusion, inhibition of ACK1 with bosutinib attenuates migration and invasion in the context of KRAS mutant NSCLC and may fulfil a therapeutic niche through combinatorial treatment approaches.
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