1
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Hiramatsu F, Lightfoot JW. Kin-recognition and predation shape collective behaviors in the cannibalistic nematode Pristionchus pacificus. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011056. [PMID: 38096160 PMCID: PMC10721034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Kin-recognition is observed across diverse species forming an important behavioral adaptation influencing organismal interactions. In many species, the molecular mechanisms involved are difficult to characterize, but in the nematode Pristionchus pacificus molecular components regulating its kin-recognition system have been identified. These determine its predatory behaviors towards other con-specifics which prevents the killing and cannibalization of kin. Importantly, their impact on other interactions including collective behaviors is unknown. Here, we explored a high altitude adapted clade of this species which aggregates abundantly under laboratory conditions, to investigate the influence of the kin-recognition system on their group behaviours. By utilizing pairwise aggregation assays between distinct strains of P. pacificus with differing degrees of genetic relatedness, we observe aggregation between kin but not distantly related strains. In assays between distantly related strains, the aggregation ratio is frequently reduced. Furthermore, abolishing predation behaviors through CRISPR/Cas9 induced mutations in Ppa-nhr-40 result in rival strains successfully aggregating together. Finally, as Caenorhabditis elegans are found naturally occurring with P. pacificus, we also explored aggregation events between these species. Here, aggregates were dominated by P. pacificus with the presence of only a small number of predators proving sufficient to disrupt C. elegans aggregation dynamics. Thus, aggregating strains of P. pacificus preferentially group with kin, revealing competition and nepotism as previously unknown components influencing collective behaviors in nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumie Hiramatsu
- Max Planck Research Group Genetics of Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior–caesar, Bonn, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Brain and Behavior, Bonn, Germany
| | - James W. Lightfoot
- Max Planck Research Group Genetics of Behavior, Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior–caesar, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Mould MC, Huet M, Senegas L, Milá B, Thébaud C, Bourgeois Y, Chaine AS. Beyond morphs: Inter-individual colour variation despite strong genetic determinism of colour morphs in a wild bird. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:82-94. [PMID: 36484624 PMCID: PMC10107803 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Categorizing individuals into discrete forms in colour polymorphic species can overlook more subtle patterns in coloration that can be of functional significance. Thus, quantifying inter-individual variation in these species at both within- and between-morph levels is critical to understand the evolution of colour polymorphisms. Here we present analyses of inter-individual colour variation in the Reunion grey white-eye (Zosterops borbonicus), a colour polymorphic wild bird endemic to the island of Reunion in which all highland populations contain two sympatric colour morphs, with birds showing predominantly grey or brown plumage, respectively. We first quantified colour variation across multiple body areas by using a continuous plumage colour score to assess variation in brown-grey coloration as well as smaller scale variation in light patches. To examine the possible causes of among-individual variation, we tested if colour variation in plumage component elements could be explained by genotypes at two markers near a major-effect locus previously related to back coloration in this species, and by other factors such as age, sex and body condition. Overall, grey-brown coloration was largely determined by genetic factors and was best described by three distinct clusters that were associated to genotypic classes (homozygotes and heterozygote), with no effect of age or sex, whereas variation in smaller light patches was primarily related to age and sex. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing subtle plumage variation beyond morph categories that are readily observable since multiple patterns of colour variation may be driven by different mechanisms, have different functions and will likely respond in different ways to selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya C Mould
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), UPR 2001, Moulis, France
| | - Michèle Huet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), UPR 2001, Moulis, France
| | - Lou Senegas
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), UPR 2001, Moulis, France
| | - Borja Milá
- National Museum of Natural Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christophe Thébaud
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Yann Bourgeois
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Alexis S Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III), UPR 2001, Moulis, France.,Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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3
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Miles DB, Whiting MJ. Professor Barry Sinervo (1960–2021). Trends Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Cohen D, Lewin-Epstein O, Feldman MW, Ram Y. Non-vertical cultural transmission, assortment and the evolution of cooperation. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20203162. [PMID: 34034521 PMCID: PMC8150029 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultural evolution of cooperation under vertical and non-vertical cultural transmission is studied, and conditions are found for fixation and coexistence of cooperation and defection. The evolution of cooperation is facilitated by its horizontal transmission and by an association between social interactions and horizontal transmission. The effect of oblique transmission depends on the horizontal transmission bias. Stable polymorphism of cooperation and defection can occur, and when it does, reduced association between social interactions and horizontal transmission evolves, which leads to a decreased frequency of cooperation and lower population mean fitness. The deterministic conditions are compared to outcomes of stochastic simulations of structured populations. Parallels are drawn with Hamilton’s rule incorporating relatedness and assortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dor Cohen
- School of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Ohad Lewin-Epstein
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Yoav Ram
- School of Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel.,School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Barragan-Jason G, Cauchoix M, Regnier A, Bourjade M, Hopfensitz A, Chaine AS. Schoolchildren cooperate more successfully with non-kin than with siblings. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202951. [PMID: 33563093 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooperation plays a key role in the development of advanced societies and can be stabilized through shared genes (kinship) or reciprocation. In humans, cooperation among kin occurs more readily than cooperation among non-kin. In many organisms, cooperation can shift with age (e.g. helpers at the nest); however, little is known about developmental shifts between kin and non-kin cooperation in humans. Using a cooperative game, we show that 3- to 10-year-old French schoolchildren cooperated less successfully with siblings than with non-kin children, whether or not non-kin partners were friends. Furthermore, children with larger social networks cooperated better and the perception of friendship among non-friends improved after cooperating. These results contrast with the well-established preference for kin cooperation among adults and indicate that non-kin cooperation in humans might serve to forge and extend non-kin social relationships during middle childhood and create opportunities for future collaboration beyond kin. Our results suggest that the current view of cooperation in humans may only apply to adults and that future studies should focus on how and why cooperation with different classes of partners might change during development in humans across cultures as well as other long-lived organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Barragan-Jason
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS (UMR5321), 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Maxime Cauchoix
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS (UMR5321), 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Anne Regnier
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS (UMR5321), 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Marie Bourjade
- CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Astrid Hopfensitz
- Toulouse School of Economics, Universite de Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexis S Chaine
- Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS (UMR5321), 09200, Moulis, France.,Toulouse School of Economics, Universite de Toulouse 1 Capitole, Toulouse, France
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6
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The dark ventral patch: A bimodal flexible trait related to male competition in red deer. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241374. [PMID: 33151970 PMCID: PMC7644014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual signals play a central role in male-male competition in polygynous species. In red deer (Cervus elaphus), male’s ventral area become dark during the rutting season due to urine spraying behaviour and retains many chemical compounds potentially revealing individual features. Here we investigate the variation in size of this trait, exploring its relationship with age and male competitive features such as antlers or body size, as well as populational level of intrasexual competition for mates. We found that the size of the dark ventral patch followed a clearly bimodal distribution, i.e. males mostly expressed the full-size trait or just developed a very small one. For these two groups of males according to trait expression, the relationships of trait size with age and antler size differed. Populational level of intrasexual competition appeared to affect the relationship between antler size and the probability of a fully developed ventral patch. These results indicate that the trait encodes information on body size, antler size, age and populational level of mate competition, thus suggesting a role in signalling male’s competitive features and willingness to allocate reproductive effort within a particular season.
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7
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Stuart‐Fox D, Aulsebrook A, Rankin KJ, Dong CM, McLean CA. Convergence and divergence in lizard colour polymorphisms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 96:289-309. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Devi Stuart‐Fox
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Anne Aulsebrook
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Katrina J. Rankin
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Caroline M. Dong
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Sciences Department Museums Victoria 11 Nicholson Street Carlton Gardens VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Claire A. McLean
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Royal Parade Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Sciences Department Museums Victoria 11 Nicholson Street Carlton Gardens VIC 3053 Australia
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8
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Abalos J, Pérez i de Lanuza G, Bartolomé A, Liehrmann O, Laakkonen H, Aubret F, Uller T, Carazo P, Font E. No evidence for differential sociosexual behavior and space use in the color morphs of the European common wall lizard ( Podarcis muralis). Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10986-11005. [PMID: 33144943 PMCID: PMC7593164 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Explaining the evolutionary origin and maintenance of color polymorphisms is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Such polymorphisms are commonly thought to reflect the existence of alternative behavioral or life-history strategies under negative frequency-dependent selection. The European common wall lizard Podarcis muralis exhibits a striking ventral color polymorphism that has been intensely studied and is often assumed to reflect alternative reproductive strategies, similar to the iconic "rock-paper-scissors" system described in the North American lizard Uta stansburiana. However, available studies so far have ignored central aspects in the behavioral ecology of this species that are crucial to assess the existence of alternative reproductive strategies. Here, we try to fill this gap by studying the social behavior, space use, and reproductive performance of lizards showing different color morphs, both in a free-ranging population from the eastern Pyrenees and in ten experimental mesocosm enclosures. In the natural population, we found no differences between morphs in site fidelity, space use, or male-female spatial overlap. Likewise, color morph was irrelevant to sociosexual behavior, space use, and reproductive success within experimental enclosures. Our results contradict the commonly held hypothesis that P. muralis morphs reflect alternative behavioral strategies, and suggest that we should instead turn our attention to alternative functional explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Abalos
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
| | - Guillem Pérez i de Lanuza
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
- CIBIO/InBIOCentro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Alicia Bartolomé
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
| | | | | | - Fabien Aubret
- SETEStation d’Ecologie Théorique et ExpérimentaleUMR5321Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
| | | | - Pau Carazo
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
| | - Enrique Font
- Ethology LabInstituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología EvolutivaUniversitat de ValènciaValènciaSpain
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9
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Sathe S, Kümmerli R. Antagonistic interactions subdue inter-species green-beard cooperation in bacteria. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:1245-1255. [PMID: 32946129 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cooperation can be favoured through the green-beard mechanism, where a set of linked genes encodes both a cooperative trait and a phenotypic marker (green beard), which allows carriers of the trait to selectively direct cooperative acts to other carriers. In theory, the green-beard mechanism should favour cooperation even when interacting partners are totally unrelated at the genome level. Here, we explore such an extreme green-beard scenario between two unrelated bacterial species-Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia, which share a cooperative locus encoding the public good pyochelin (an iron-scavenging siderophore) and its cognate receptor (green beard) required for iron-pyochelin uptake. We show that pyochelin, when provided in cell-free supernatants, can be mutually exchanged between species and provide fitness benefits under iron limitation. However, in co-culture we observed that these cooperative benefits vanished and communities were dominated by P. aeruginosa, regardless of strain background and species starting frequencies. Our results further suggest that P. aeruginosa engages in interference competition to suppress B. cenocepacia, indicating that inter-species conflict arising from dissimilarities at the genome level overrule the aligned cooperative interests at the pyochelin locus. Thus, green-beard cooperation is subdued by competition, indicating that interspecific siderophore cooperation is difficult to evolve and to be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Sathe
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rolf Kümmerli
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Sinervo B, Chaine AS, Miles DB. Social Games and Genic Selection Drive Mammalian Mating System Evolution and Speciation. Am Nat 2019; 195:247-274. [PMID: 32017620 DOI: 10.1086/706810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mating system theory based on economics of resource defense has been applied to describe social system diversity across taxa. Such models are generally successful but fail to account for stable mating systems across different environments or shifts in mating system without a change in ecological conditions. We propose an alternative approach to resource defense theory based on frequency-dependent competition among genetically determined alternative behavioral strategies characterizing many social systems (polygyny, monogamy, sneak). We modeled payoffs for competition, neighborhood choice, and paternal care to determine evolutionary transitions among mating systems. Our model predicts four stable outcomes driven by the balance between cooperative and agonistic behaviors: promiscuity (two or three strategies), polygyny, and monogamy. Phylogenetic analysis of 288 rodent species supports assumptions of our model and is consistent with patterns of evolutionarily stable states and mating system transitions. Support for model assumptions include that monogamy and polygyny evolve from promiscuity and that paternal care and monogamy are coadapted in rodents. As predicted by our model, monogamy and polygyny occur in sister taxa among rodents more often than by chance. Transitions to monogamy also favor higher speciation rates in subsequent lineages, relative to polygynous sister lineages. Taken together, our results suggest that genetically based neighborhood choice behavior and paternal care can drive transitions in mating system evolution. While our genic mating system theory could complement resource-based theory, it can explain mating system transitions regardless of resource distribution and provides alternative explanations, such as evolutionary inertia, when resource ecology and mating systems do not match.
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11
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Wollenberg Valero KC, Marshall JC, Bastiaans E, Caccone A, Camargo A, Morando M, Niemiller ML, Pabijan M, Russello MA, Sinervo B, Werneck FP, Sites JW, Wiens JJ, Steinfartz S. Patterns, Mechanisms and Genetics of Speciation in Reptiles and Amphibians. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10090646. [PMID: 31455040 PMCID: PMC6769790 DOI: 10.3390/genes10090646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, the aspects of reptile and amphibian speciation that emerged from research performed over the past decade are reviewed. First, this study assesses how patterns and processes of speciation depend on knowing the taxonomy of the group in question, and discuss how integrative taxonomy has contributed to speciation research in these groups. This study then reviews the research on different aspects of speciation in reptiles and amphibians, including biogeography and climatic niches, ecological speciation, the relationship between speciation rates and phenotypic traits, and genetics and genomics. Further, several case studies of speciation in reptiles and amphibians that exemplify many of these themes are discussed. These include studies of integrative taxonomy and biogeography in South American lizards, ecological speciation in European salamanders, speciation and phenotypic evolution in frogs and lizards. The final case study combines genomics and biogeography in tortoises. The field of amphibian and reptile speciation research has steadily moved forward from the assessment of geographic and ecological aspects, to incorporating other dimensions of speciation, such as genetic mechanisms and evolutionary forces. A higher degree of integration among all these dimensions emerges as a goal for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathon C Marshall
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, 1415 Edvalson Street, Dept. 2505, Ogden, UT 84401, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bastiaans
- Department of Biology, State University of New York, College at Oneonta, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA
| | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Arley Camargo
- Centro Universitario de Rivera, Universidad de la República, Ituzaingó 667, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Mariana Morando
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC, CENPAT-CONICET) Bv. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn U9120ACD, Argentina
| | - Matthew L Niemiller
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Maciej Pabijan
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michael A Russello
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Coastal Biology Building, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Programa de Coleções Científicas Biológicas, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69060-000, Brazil
| | - Jack W Sites
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - John J Wiens
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Talstrasse 33, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Bailey NW, Kölliker M. Social runaway: Fisherian elaboration (or reduction) of socially selected traits via indirect genetic effects. Evolution 2019; 73:1549-1563. [PMID: 31273777 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the evolutionary stability of socially selected traits is dominated by sexual selection models originating with R. A. Fisher, in which genetic covariance arising through assortative mating can trigger exponential, runaway trait evolution. To examine whether nonreproductive, socially selected traits experience similar dynamics-social runaway-when assortative mating does not automatically generate a covariance, we modeled the evolution of socially selected badge and donation phenotypes incorporating indirect genetic effects (IGEs) arising from the social environment. We establish a social runaway criterion based on the interaction coefficient, ψ, which describes social effects on badge and donation traits. Our models make several predictions. (1) IGEs can drive the original evolution of altruistic interactions that depend on receiver badges. (2) Donation traits are more likely to be susceptible to IGEs than badge traits. (3) Runaway dynamics in nonsexual, social contexts can occur in the absence of a genetic covariance. (4) Traits elaborated by social runaway are more likely to involve reciprocal, but nonsymmetrical, social plasticity. Models incorporating plasticity to the social environment via IGEs illustrate conditions favoring social runaway, describe a mechanism underlying the origins of costly traits, such as altruism, and support a fundamental role for phenotypic plasticity in rapid social evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Bailey
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, United Kingdom
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13
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Hazard LC, Nagy KA, Miles DB, Svensson EI, Costa D, Sinervo B. Integration of Genotype, Physiological Performance, and Survival in a Lizard (Uta stansburiana) with Alternative Mating Strategies. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 92:303-315. [DOI: 10.1086/703136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Yewers MSC, Stuart‐Fox D, McLean CA. Space use and genetic structure do not maintain color polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioral strategies. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:295-306. [PMID: 30680114 PMCID: PMC6342114 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Space use including territoriality and spatial arrangement within a population can reveal important information on the nature, dynamics, and evolutionary maintenance of alternative strategies in color polymorphic species. Despite the prevalence of color polymorphic species as model systems in evolutionary biology, the interaction between space use and genetic structuring of morphs within populations has rarely been examined. Here, we assess the spatial and genetic structure of male throat color morphs within a population of the tawny dragon lizard, Ctenophorus decresii. Male color morphs do not differ in morphology but differ in aggressive and antipredator behaviors as well as androgen levels. Despite these behavioral and endocrine differences, we find that color morphs do not differ in territory size, with their spatial arrangement being essentially random with respect to each other. There were no differences in genetic diversity or relatedness between morphs; however, there was significant, albeit weak, genetic differentiation between morphs, which was unrelated to geographic distance between individuals. Our results indicate potential weak barriers to gene flow between some morphs, potentially due to nonrandom pre- or postcopulatory mate choice or postzygotic genetic incompatibilities. However, space use, spatial structure, and nonrandom mating do not appear to be primary mechanisms maintaining color polymorphism in this system, highlighting the complexity and variation in alternative strategies associated with color polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devi Stuart‐Fox
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Claire Alice McLean
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Sciences Department, Museum VictoriaCarlton GardensVictoriaAustralia
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15
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Gilman CA, Corl A, Sinervo B, Irschick DJ. Genital morphology associated with mating strategy in the polymorphic lizard, Uta stansburiana. J Morphol 2018; 280:184-192. [PMID: 30592530 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection can lead to rapid evolution of sexual traits and striking morphological diversity across taxa. In populations where competition for mates is intense, males sometimes evolve distinct behavioral strategies along with morphological differences that help them secure mating opportunities. Strong postcopulatory selection and differential resource allocation across male strategy type can result in strategy-specific differences in sexual traits, such as sperm morphology, ejaculate components, and testis size. Some polymorphic species also have strategy-specific genital morphology. Thus far, among vertebrates, this has only been observed in fish. Here, we present the first morphological description of the intromittant copulatory organ, the hemipenis, of the three mating types of the side-blotched lizard, Uta stansburiana, from a population that exhibits alternative mating strategies. We found that the isometrically scaling hemipenis was shortest in the nonterritorial (yellow) morph that sneaks copulations with other males' mates. Although the hemipenes were generally the same shape across morphs, the usurping territorial (orange) morph had a significantly wider apical horn than the nonterritorial sneaker morph. Sneaker males also had smaller relative body masses than both the mate-guarding (blue) morph and the usurper morph, and shorter tibia than the usurper morph. This study using a small sample of males suggests that strong sexual selection may drive genital trait differentiation across morphs within populations of terrestrial vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Gilman
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Ammon Corl
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Duncan J Irschick
- Department of Biology, Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.,Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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16
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Stilwell P, Lowe C, Buckling A. The effect of cheats on siderophore diversity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1330-1339. [PMID: 29904987 PMCID: PMC6175192 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cooperation can be maintained if cooperative behaviours are preferentially directed towards other cooperative individuals. Tag-based cooperation (greenbeards) - where cooperation benefits individuals with the same tag as the actor - is one way to achieve this. Tag-based cooperation can be exploited by individuals who maintain the specific tag but do not cooperate, and selection to escape this exploitation can result in the evolution of tag diversity. We tested key predictions crucial for the evolution of cheat-mediated tag diversity using the production of iron-scavenging pyoverdine by the opportunistic pathogen, Pseduomonas aeruginosa as a model system. Using two strains that produce different pyoverdine types and their respective cheats, we show that cheats outcompete their homologous pyoverdine producer, but are outcompeted by the heterologous producer in well-mixed environments. As a consequence, co-inoculating two types of pyoverdine producer and one type of pyoverdine cheat resulted in the pyoverdine type whose cheat was not present having a large fitness advantage. Theory suggests that in such interactions, cheats can maintain tag diversity in spatially structured environments, but that tag-based cooperation will be lost in well-mixed populations, regardless of tag diversity. We saw that when all pyoverdine producers and cheats were co-inoculated in well-mixed environments, both types of pyoverdine producers were outcompeted, whereas spatial structure (agar plates and compost microcosms), rather than maintaining diversity, resulted in the domination of one pyoverdine producer. These results suggest cheats may play a more limited role in the evolution of pyoverdine diversity than predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Lowe
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
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17
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Sonne JWH, Gash DM. Psychopathy to Altruism: Neurobiology of the Selfish-Selfless Spectrum. Front Psychol 2018; 9:575. [PMID: 29725317 PMCID: PMC5917043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-old philosophical, biological, and social debate over the basic nature of humans as being “universally selfish” or “universally good” continues today highlighting sharply divergent views of natural social order. Here we analyze advances in biology, genetics and neuroscience increasing our understanding of the evolution, features and neurocircuitry of the human brain underlying behavior in the selfish–selfless spectrum. First, we examine evolutionary pressures for selection of altruistic traits in species with protracted periods of dependence on parents and communities for subsistence and acquisition of learned behaviors. Evidence supporting the concept that altruistic potential is a common feature in human populations is developed. To go into greater depth in assessing critical features of the social brain, the two extremes of selfish–selfless behavior, callous unemotional psychopaths and zealous altruists who take extreme measures to help others, are compared on behavioral traits, structural/functional neural features, and the relative contributions of genetic inheritance versus acquired cognitive learning to their mindsets. Evidence from population groups ranging from newborns, adopted children, incarcerated juveniles, twins and mindfulness meditators point to the important role of neuroplasticity and the dopaminergic reward systems in forming and reforming neural circuitry in response to personal experience and cultural influences in determining behavior in the selfish–selfless spectrum. The underlying neural circuitry differs between psychopaths and altruists with emotional processing being profoundly muted in psychopaths and significantly enhanced in altruists. But both groups are characterized by the reward system of the brain shaping behavior. Instead of rigid assignment of human nature as being “universally selfish” or “universally good,” both characterizations are partial truths based on the segments of the selfish–selfless spectrum being examined. In addition, individuals and populations can shift in the behavioral spectrum in response to cognitive therapy and social and cultural experience, and approaches such as mindfulness training for introspection and reward-activating compassion are entering the mainstream of clinical care for managing pain, depression, and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W H Sonne
- Department of Health Professions, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Don M Gash
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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18
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Brush E, Brännström Å, Dieckmann U. Indirect reciprocity with negative assortment and limited information can promote cooperation. J Theor Biol 2018; 443:56-65. [PMID: 29337264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cooperation is ubiquitous in biological and social systems, even though cooperative behavior is often costly and at risk of exploitation by non-cooperators. Several studies have demonstrated that indirect reciprocity, whereby some members of a group observe the behaviors of their peers and use this information to discriminate against previously uncooperative agents in the future, can promote prosocial behavior. Some studies have shown that differential propensities of interacting among and between different types of agents (interaction assortment) can increase the effectiveness of indirect reciprocity. No previous studies have, however, considered differential propensities of observing the behaviors of different types of agents (information assortment). Furthermore, most previous studies have assumed that discriminators possess perfect information about others and incur no costs for gathering and storing this information. Here, we (1) consider both interaction assortment and information assortment, (2) assume discriminators have limited information about others, and (3) introduce a cost for information gathering and storage, in order to understand how the ability of discriminators to stabilize cooperation is affected by these steps toward increased realism. We report the following findings. First, cooperation can persist when agents preferentially interact with agents of other types or when discriminators preferentially observe other discriminators, even when they have limited information. Second, contrary to intuition, increasing the amount of information available to discriminators can exacerbate defection. Third, introducing costs of gathering and storing information makes it more difficult for discriminators to stabilize cooperation. Our study is one of only a few studies to date that show how negative interaction assortment can promote cooperation and broadens the set of circumstances in which it is know that cooperation can be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Brush
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria; Program in Quantitative and Computational Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Åke Brännström
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria; Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dieckmann
- Evolution and Ecology Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, A-2361, Austria
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19
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Abstract
Effects of phenotypic variation on the species-environment systems and the evolution of cooperation under prescribed phenotypic diversity have been well addressed respectively. Interspecies interactions in the context of evolvable phenotypic diversity remain largely unconsidered. We address the evolutionary dynamics by considering evolvable phenotypic variations under group interactions. Each individual carries a capacitor of phenotypes and pays a cost proportional to its volume. A random phenotype from the capacitor is expressed and the population is thus divided into subpopulations. Group interactions happen in each of these subpopulations, respectively. Competition is global. Results show that phenotypic diversity coevolves with cooperation under a wide range of conditions and that tradeoff between expanding capacitor and rising cost leads to an optimal level of phenotypic diversity best promoting cooperation. We also find that evolved high levels of phenotypic diversity can occasionally collapse due to the invasion of defector mutants, suggesting that cooperation and phenotypic diversity can mutually reinforce each other.
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20
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Quorum-sensing control of antibiotic resistance stabilizes cooperation in Chromobacterium violaceum. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:1263-1272. [PMID: 29374267 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0047-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Many Proteobacteria use quorum sensing to regulate production of public goods, such as antimicrobials and proteases, that are shared among members of a community. Public goods are vulnerable to exploitation by cheaters, such as quorum sensing-defective mutants. Quorum sensing- regulated private goods, goods that benefit only producing cells, can prevent the emergence of cheaters under certain growth conditions. Previously, we developed a laboratory co-culture model to investigate the importance of quorum-regulated antimicrobials during interspecies competition. In our model, Burkholderia thailandensis and Chromobacterium violaceum each use quorum sensing-controlled antimicrobials to inhibit the other species' growth. Here, we show that C. violaceum uses quorum sensing to increase resistance to bactobolin, a B. thailandensis antibiotic, by increasing transcription of a putative antibiotic efflux pump. We demonstrate conditions where C. violaceum quorum-defective cheaters emerge and show that in these conditions, bactobolin restrains cheaters. We also demonstrate that bactobolin restrains quorum-defective mutants in our co-culture model, and the increase in antimicrobial-producing cooperators drives the C. violaceum population to become more competitive. Our results describe a mechanism of cheater restraint involving quorum control of efflux pumps and demonstrate that interspecies competition can reinforce cooperative behaviors by placing constraints on quorum sensing-defective mutants.
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21
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Behavioral and physiological polymorphism in males of the austral lizard Liolaemus sarmientoi. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2017; 204:219-230. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-017-1233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Jackson MDB, Duran-Nebreda S, Bassel GW. Network-based approaches to quantify multicellular development. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:20170484. [PMID: 29021161 PMCID: PMC5665831 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellularity and cellular cooperation confer novel functions on organs following a structure-function relationship. How regulated cell migration, division and differentiation events generate cellular arrangements has been investigated, providing insight into the regulation of genetically encoded patterning processes. Much less is known about the higher-order properties of cellular organization within organs, and how their functional coordination through global spatial relations shape and constrain organ function. Key questions to be addressed include: why are cells organized in the way they are? What is the significance of the patterns of cellular organization selected for by evolution? What other configurations are possible? These may be addressed through a combination of global cellular interaction mapping and network science to uncover the relationship between organ structure and function. Using this approach, global cellular organization can be discretized and analysed, providing a quantitative framework to explore developmental processes. Each of the local and global properties of integrated multicellular systems can be analysed and compared across different tissues and models in discrete terms. Advances in high-resolution microscopy and image analysis continue to make cellular interaction mapping possible in an increasing variety of biological systems and tissues, broadening the further potential application of this approach. Understanding the higher-order properties of complex cellular assemblies provides the opportunity to explore the evolution and constraints of cell organization, establishing structure-function relationships that can guide future organ design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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23
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Friedman D, Magnani J, Paranjpe D, Sinervo B. Evolutionary games, climate and the generation of diversity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184052. [PMID: 28859142 PMCID: PMC5578633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stochasticity and climate affect outcomes in evolutionary games, which can thereby affect biological diversity. Our maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of replicator dynamics for morph frequency data from control (25 years) and three experimentally perturbed populations (14 years) of side-blotched lizards yield a 3 × 3 payoff matrix in the generalized Rock-Paper-Scissors family; it has intransitive best replies, and each strategy is its own worst reply. ML estimates indicate significant interactive effects of density and temperature on morph frequency. Implied dynamics feature a powerful interior attractor and recover (for the first time) observed 4-5 year oscillations. Our evolutionary experiment on morph frequency confirms that oscillations are driven by frequency dependent selection, but climate entrains the cycles across the perturbed and control populations within 10 generations. Applying the model across the species range, we find that climate also accounts for morph fixation and mating system diversity, suggesting climate may similarly impact ecosystem diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Friedman
- Economics Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacopo Magnani
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dhanashree Paranjpe
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Dept, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
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24
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A genetic approach to the rock-paper-scissors game. J Theor Biol 2017; 421:146-152. [PMID: 28385667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms are usually associated with defenses and mating strategies, affecting the individual's fitness. Coexistence of different morphs is, therefore, not expected, since the fittest morph should outcompete the others. Nevertheless, coexistence is observed in many natural systems. For instance, males of the side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) present three morphs with throat colors orange, yellow and blue, which are associated with mating strategies and territorial behavior. The three male morphs compete for females in a system that is well described by the rock-paper-scissors dynamics of game theory. Previous studies have modeled the lizards as hermaphroditic populations whose individual's behavior were determined only by their phenotypes. Here we consider an extension of this dynamical system where diploidy and sexual reproduction are explicitly taken into account. Similarly to the lizards we represent the genetic system by a single locus with three alleles, o, y, and b in a diploid chromosome with dominance of o over y and of y over b. We show that this genotypic description of the dynamics results in the same equilibrium phenotype frequencies as the phenotypic models, but affects the stability of the system, changing the parameter region where coexistence of the three morphs is possible in a rock-paper-scissors game.
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25
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Wu T, Wang L, Fu F. Coevolutionary dynamics of phenotypic diversity and contingent cooperation. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005363. [PMID: 28141806 PMCID: PMC5308777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic diversity is considered beneficial to the evolution of contingent cooperation, in which cooperators channel their help preferentially towards others of similar phenotypes. However, it remains largely unclear how phenotypic variation arises in the first place and thus leads to the construction of phenotypic complexity. Here we propose a mathematical model to study the coevolutionary dynamics of phenotypic diversity and contingent cooperation. Unlike previous models, our model does not assume any prescribed level of phenotypic diversity, but rather lets it be an evolvable trait. Each individual expresses one phenotype at a time and only the phenotypes expressed are visible to others. Moreover, individuals can differ in their potential of phenotypic variation, which is characterized by the number of distinct phenotypes they can randomly switch to. Each individual incurs a cost proportional to the number of potentially expressible phenotypes so as to retain phenotypic variation and expression. Our results show that phenotypic diversity coevolves with contingent cooperation under a wide range of conditions and that there exists an optimal level of phenotypic diversity best promoting contingent cooperation. It pays for contingent cooperators to elevate their potential of phenotypic variation, thereby increasing their opportunities of establishing cooperation via novel phenotypes, as these new phenotypes serve as secret tags that are difficult for defector to discover and chase after. We also find that evolved high levels of phenotypic diversity can occasionally collapse due to the invasion of defector mutants, suggesting that cooperation and phenotypic diversity can mutually reinforce each other. Thus, our results provide new insights into better understanding the coevolution of cooperation and phenotypic diversity. Phenotypic variation is commonly observed from human cells to the intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to the wrinkly-spreader morphs. Such phenotypic diversity proves effective in promoting cooperation, or confers survival advantage against unfavorable environmental changes. Prior studies show that interactions based on phenotypic similarity can promote cooperation. Yet in these models, the level of phenotypic diversity is prescribed such that individuals each possess the same number of available phenotypes, and thereby no evolution of phenotypic diversity per se. We here take into consideration important aspects of the diversity of phenotype and contingent cooperation and show that phenotypic diversity coevolves with cooperation under a variety of conditions. Our work provides a potential mechanism for the evolution of cooperation, and individuals, especially cooperators, endowed with diverse phenotypes constitute the backbone in inducing the coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Wu
- Center for Complex Systems, Xidian University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Long Wang
- Center for Systems and Control, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LW); (FF)
| | - Feng Fu
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LW); (FF)
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26
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Gruenheit N, Parkinson K, Stewart B, Howie JA, Wolf JB, Thompson CRL. A polychromatic 'greenbeard' locus determines patterns of cooperation in a social amoeba. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14171. [PMID: 28120827 PMCID: PMC5288501 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheaters disrupt cooperation by reaping the benefits without paying their fair share of associated costs. Cheater impact can be diminished if cooperators display a tag (‘greenbeard') and recognise and preferentially direct cooperation towards other tag carriers. Despite its popular appeal, the feasibility of such greenbeards has been questioned because the complex patterns of partner-specific cooperative behaviours seen in nature require greenbeards to come in different colours. Here we show that a locus (‘Tgr') of a social amoeba represents a polychromatic greenbeard. Patterns of natural Tgr locus sequence polymorphisms predict partner-specific patterns of cooperation by underlying variation in partner-specific protein–protein binding strength and recognition specificity. Finally, Tgr locus polymorphisms increase fitness because they help avoid potential costs of cooperating with incompatible partners. These results suggest that a polychromatic greenbeard can provide a key mechanism for the evolutionary maintenance of cooperation. Cooperation can be stabilized against exploitation if cooperators can reliably recognize each other. Here, Gruenheit and colleagues show that different alleles of the Tgr locus of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum underlie the ability of different strains to recognize and cooperate with socially compatible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gruenheit
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Department of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Katie Parkinson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Department of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Balint Stewart
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Department of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jennifer A Howie
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Department of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jason B Wolf
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Department of Developmental Biology and Medicine, The University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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27
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Jacob S, Wehi P, Clobert J, Legrand D, Schtickzelle N, Huet M, Chaine A. Cooperation-mediated plasticity in dispersal and colonization. Evolution 2016; 70:2336-2345. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Earth and Life Institute and Biodiversity Research Centre; Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Priscilla Wehi
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Current Address: Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua; Private Bag 1930 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - Jean Clobert
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Earth and Life Institute and Biodiversity Research Centre; Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Université Catholique de Louvain; Earth and Life Institute and Biodiversity Research Centre; Croix du Sud 4, L7-07-04 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Michele Huet
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
| | - Alexis Chaine
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS; UMR 5321; 09200 Saint-Girons France
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Toulouse; Toulouse School of Economics; 21 allée de Brienne 31015 Toulouse France
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28
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Arnocky S, Piché T, Albert G, Ouellette D, Barclay P. Altruism predicts mating success in humans. Br J Psychol 2016; 108:416-435. [PMID: 27426072 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order for non-kin altruism to evolve, altruists must receive fitness benefits for their actions that outweigh the costs. Several researchers have suggested that altruism is a costly signal of desirable qualities, such that it could have evolved by sexual selection. In two studies, we show that altruism is broadly linked with mating success. In Study 1, participants who scored higher on a self-report altruism measure reported they were more desirable to the opposite sex, as well as reported having more sex partners, more casual sex partners, and having sex more often within relationships. Sex moderated some of these relationships, such that altruism mattered more for men's number of lifetime and casual sex partners. In Study 2, participants who were willing to donate potential monetary winnings (in a modified dictator dilemma) reported having more lifetime sex partners, more casual sex partners, and more sex partners over the past year. Men who were willing to donate also reported having more lifetime dating partners. Furthermore, these patterns persisted, even when controlling for narcissism, Big Five personality traits, and socially desirable responding. These results suggest that altruists have higher mating success than non-altruists and support the hypothesis that altruism is a sexually selected costly signal of difficult-to-observe qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Arnocky
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Piché
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Albert
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Ouellette
- Department of Psychology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pat Barclay
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Canada
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29
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Environmental experiences influence cortical volume in territorial and nonterritorial side-blotched lizards, Uta stansburiana. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Nax HH, Rigos A. Assortativity evolving from social dilemmas. J Theor Biol 2016; 395:194-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Abalos J, Pérez i de Lanuza G, Carazo P, Font E. The role of male coloration in the outcome of staged contests in the European common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis). BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colour signals play a key role in regulating the intensity and outcome of animal contests. Males of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) show conspicuous ventrolateral ultraviolet (UV)-blue and black patches. In addition, some populations express a striking ventral colour polymorphism (i.e., discrete orange, white and yellow morphs). In this study, we set out to evaluate the potential signalling function of these colour patches by staging pairwise combats between 60 size-matched adult lizards (20 per morph). Combats were held in a neutral arena, with each lizard facing rivals from the three morphs in a tournament with a balanced design. We then calculated a fighting ability ranking using the Bradley–Terry model, and used it to explore whether ventral colour morph, the size of UV-blue and black patches or the spectral characteristics of UV-blue patches (i.e., brightness, hue, chroma) are good predictors of fighting ability. We did not find an effect of the UV-blue patches on contest outcome, but the size of black patches emerged as a good predictor of fighting ability. We also found that winners were more aggressive when facing rivals with black patches of similar size, suggesting that black patches play a role in rival assessment and fighting rules. Finally, we found that orange males lost fights against heteromorphic males more often than yellow or white males. In light of these results, we discuss the potential signalling function of ventrolateral and ventral colour patches in mediating agonistic encounters in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Abalos
- Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia
- Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - G. Pérez i de Lanuza
- Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - P. Carazo
- Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, Tinbergen Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - E. Font
- Ethology Lab, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, calle Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia
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32
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Connelly BD, Dickinson KJ, Hammarlund SP, Kerr B. Negative niche construction favors the evolution of cooperation. Evol Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-015-9803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Haisten DC, Paranjpe D, Loveridge S, Sinervo B. The Cellular Basis of Polymorphic Coloration in Common Side-Blotched Lizards,Uta stansburiana. HERPETOLOGICA 2015. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-13-00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Hadzibeganovic T, Stauffer D, Han XP. Randomness in the evolution of cooperation. Behav Processes 2015; 113:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Abstract
In-group favoritism is the tendency for individuals to cooperate with in-group members more strongly than with out-group members. Similar concepts have been described across different domains, including in-group bias, tag-based cooperation, parochial altruism, and ethnocentrism. Both humans and other animals show this behavior. Here, we review evolutionary mechanisms for explaining this phenomenon by covering recently developed mathematical models. In fact, in-group favoritism is not easily realized on its own in theory, although it can evolve under some conditions. We also discuss the implications of these modeling results in future empirical and theoretical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Masuda
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of BristolMerchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1UBUK
| | - Feng Fu
- Theoretical Biology Group, Institute of Integrative BiologyETH Zurich, 80092 ZurichSwitzerland
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36
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San-Jose LM, Peñalver-Alcázar M, Milá B, Gonzalez-Jimena V, Fitze PS. Cumulative frequency-dependent selective episodes allow for rapid morph cycles and rock-paper-scissors dynamics in species with overlapping generations. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20140976. [PMID: 24943372 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rock-paper-scissors (RPS) dynamics, which maintain genetic polymorphisms over time through negative frequency-dependent (FD) selection, can evolve in short-lived species with no generational overlap, where they produce rapid morph frequency cycles. However, most species have overlapping generations and thus, rapid RPS dynamics are thought to require stronger FD selection, the existence of which yet needs to be proved. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that two cumulative selective episodes, FD sexual selection reinforced by FD selection on offspring survival, generate sufficiently strong selection to generate rapid morph frequency cycles in the European common lizard Zootoca vivipara, a multi-annual species with major generational overlap. These findings show that the conditions required for the evolution of RPS games are fulfilled by almost all species exhibiting genetic polymorphisms and suggest that RPS games may be responsible for the maintenance of genetic diversity in a wide range of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M San-Jose
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, (IPE-CSIC), Jaca 22700, Spain Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Miguel Peñalver-Alcázar
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, (IPE-CSIC), Jaca 22700, Spain Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Borja Milá
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Virginia Gonzalez-Jimena
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, (IPE-CSIC), Jaca 22700, Spain Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Patrick S Fitze
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, (IPE-CSIC), Jaca 22700, Spain Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain Fundación Araid, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
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37
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Abstract
The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that uses a quorum sensing signal cascade to activate expression of dozens of genes when sufficient population densities have been reached. Quorum sensing controls production of several key virulence factors, including secreted proteases such as elastase. Cooperating groups of bacteria growing on protein are susceptible to social cheating by quorum-sensing defective mutants. A possible way to restrict cheater emergence is by policing where cooperators produce costly goods to sanction or punish cheats. The P. aeruginosa LasR-LasI quorum sensing system controls genes including those encoding proteases and also those encoding a second quorum-sensing system, the RhlR-RhlI system, which controls numerous genes including those for cyanide production. By using RhlR quorum sensing mutants and cyanide synthesis mutants, we show that cyanide production is costly and cyanide-producing cooperators use cyanide to punish LasR-null social cheaters. Cooperators are less susceptible to cyanide than are LasR mutants. These experiments demonstrate policing in P. aeruginosa, provide a mechanistic understanding of policing, and show policing involves the cascade organization of the two quorum sensing systems in this bacterium.
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38
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Friberg U, Rice WR. Sexually antagonistic zygotic drive: a new form of genetic conflict between the sex chromosomes. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:a017608. [PMID: 25573714 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sisters and brothers are completely unrelated with respect to the sex chromosomes they inherit from their heterogametic parent. This has the potential to result in a previously unappreciated form of genetic conflict between the sex chromosomes, called sexually antagonistic zygotic drive (SA-ZD). SA-ZD can arise whenever brothers and sisters compete over limited resources or there is brother-sister mating coupled with inbreeding depression. Although theory predicts that SA-ZD should be common and influence important evolutionary processes, there is little empirical evidence for its existence. Here we discuss the current understanding of SA-ZD, why it would be expected to elude empirical detection when present, and how it relates to other forms of genetic conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Friberg
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden IFM Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - William R Rice
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93111
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39
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Calsbeek R, Duryea MC, Parker E, Cox RM. Sex-biased juvenile dispersal is adaptive but does not create genetic structure in island lizards. Behav Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/aru102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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40
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Martinez-Vaquero LA, Cuesta JA. Spreading of intolerance under economic stress: results from a reputation-based model. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:022805. [PMID: 25215779 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.022805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When a population is engaged in successive prisoner's dilemmas, indirect reciprocity through reputation fosters cooperation through the emergence of moral and action rules. A simplified model has recently been proposed where individuals choose between helping others or not and are judged good or bad for it by the rest of the population. The reputation so acquired will condition future actions. In this model, eight strategies (referred to as "leading eight") enforce a high level of cooperation, generate high payoffs, and are therefore resistant to invasions by other strategies. Here we show that, by assigning each individual one of two labels that peers can distinguish (e.g., political ideas, religion, and skin color) and allowing moral and action rules to depend on the label, intolerant behaviors can emerge within minorities under sufficient economic stress. We analyze the sets of conditions where this can happen and also discuss the circumstances under which tolerance can be restored. Our results agree with empirical observations that correlate intolerance and economic stress and predict a correlation between the degree of tolerance of a population and its composition and ethical stance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Martinez-Vaquero
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Cuesta
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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41
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Lancaster LT, McAdam AG, Hipsley CA, Sinervo BR. Frequency-dependent and correlational selection pressures have conflicting consequences for assortative mating in a color-polymorphic lizard, Uta stansburiana. Am Nat 2014; 184:188-97. [PMID: 25058279 DOI: 10.1086/676645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetically determined polymorphisms incorporating multiple traits can persist in nature under chronic, fluctuating, and sometimes conflicting selection pressures. Balancing selection among morphs preserves equilibrium frequencies, while correlational selection maintains favorable trait combinations within each morph. Under negative frequency-dependent selection, females should mate (often disassortatively) with rare male morphotypes to produce conditionally fit offspring. Conversely, under correlational selection, females should mate assortatively to preserve coadapted gene complexes and avoid ontogenetic conflict. Using controlled breeding designs, we evaluated consequences of assortative mating patterns in color-polymorphic side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana), to identify conflict between these sources of selection. Females who mated disassortatively, and to conditionally high-quality males in the context of frequency-dependent selection, experienced highest fertility rates. In contrast, assortatively mated females experienced higher fetal viability rates. The trade-off between fertility and egg viability resulted in no overall fitness benefit to either assortative or disassortative mating patterns. These results suggest that ongoing conflict between correlational and frequency dependent selection in polymorphic populations may generate a trade-off between rare-morph advantage and phenotypic integration and between assortative and disassortative mating decisions. More generally, interactions among multiple sources of diversity-promoting selection can alter adaptations and dynamics predicted to arise under any of these regimes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley T Lancaster
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom
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42
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Aerts D, Broekaert J, Czachor M, Kuna M, Sinervo B, Sozzo S. Quantum structure in competing lizard communities. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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43
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Benefits of memory for the evolution of tag-based cooperation in structured populations. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Bastiaans E, Bastiaans MJ, Morinaga G, Castañeda Gaytán JG, Marshall JC, Bane B, de la Cruz FM, Sinervo B. Female preference for sympatric vs. allopatric male throat color morphs in the mesquite lizard (Sceloporus grammicus) species complex. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93197. [PMID: 24718297 PMCID: PMC3981705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Color polymorphic sexual signals are often associated with alternative reproductive behaviors within populations, and the number, frequency, or type of morphs present often vary among populations. When these differences lead to assortative mating by population, the study of such polymorphic taxa may shed light on speciation mechanisms. We studied two populations of a lizard with polymorphic throat color, an important sexual signal. Males in one population exhibit orange, yellow, or blue throats; whereas males in the other exhibit orange, yellow, or white throats. We assessed female behavior when choosing between allopatric and sympatric males. We asked whether females discriminated more when the allopatric male was of an unfamiliar morph than when the allopatric male was similar in coloration to the sympatric male. We found that female rejection of allopatric males relative to sympatric males was more pronounced when males in a pair were more different in throat color. Our findings may help illuminate how behavioral responses to color morph differences between populations with polymorphic sexual signals contribute to reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bastiaans
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Jane Bastiaans
- Nanooptical Materials, Incorporated, Carson, California, United States of America
| | - Gen Morinaga
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | | | - Jonathon C. Marshall
- Department of Zoology, Weber State University, Ogden, Utah, United States of America
| | - Brendan Bane
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
| | - Fausto Méndez de la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Barry Sinervo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States of America
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45
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Rosenbloom DIS, Allen B. Frequency-dependent selection can lead to evolution of high mutation rates. Am Nat 2014; 183:E131-53. [PMID: 24739203 DOI: 10.1086/675505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental studies have shown that high mutation rates can be advantageous, especially in novel or fluctuating environments. Here we examine how frequency-dependent competition may lead to fluctuations in trait frequencies that exert upward selective pressure on mutation rates. We use a mathematical model to show that cyclical trait dynamics generated by "rock-paper-scissors" competition can cause the mutation rate in a population to converge to a high evolutionarily stable mutation rate, reflecting a trade-off between generating novelty and reproducing past success. Introducing recombination lowers the evolutionarily stable mutation rate but allows stable coexistence between mutation rates above and below the evolutionarily stable rate. Even considering strong mutational load and ignoring the costs of faithful replication, evolution favors positive mutation rates if the selective advantage of prevailing in competition exceeds the ratio of recombining to nonrecombining offspring. We discuss a number of genomic mechanisms that may meet our theoretical requirements for the adaptive evolution of mutation. Overall, our results suggest that local mutation rates may be higher on genes influencing cyclical competition and that global mutation rates in asexual species may be higher in populations subject to strong cyclical competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I S Rosenbloom
- Program for Evolutionary Dynamics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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46
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Adami C, Hintze A. Evolutionary instability of zero-determinant strategies demonstrates that winning is not everything. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2193. [PMID: 23903782 PMCID: PMC3741637 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Zero-determinant strategies are a new class of probabilistic and conditional strategies that are able to unilaterally set the expected payoff of an opponent in iterated plays of the Prisoner’s Dilemma irrespective of the opponent’s strategy (coercive strategies), or else to set the ratio between the player’s and their opponent’s expected payoff (extortionate strategies). Here we show that zero-determinant strategies are at most weakly dominant, are not evolutionarily stable, and will instead evolve into less coercive strategies. We show that zero-determinant strategies with an informational advantage over other players that allows them to recognize each other can be evolutionarily stable (and able to exploit other players). However, such an advantage is bound to be short-lived as opposing strategies evolve to counteract the recognition. In iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma games, zero-determinant strategies are able to define the opponent’s payoff regardless of the opponent’s strategy. Here the authors show that zero-determinant strategies are not evolutionary stable in adapting populations, and instead evolve into non-coercive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Adami
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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48
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Tibbetts EA, Injaian A. Preferential phenotypic association linked with cooperation in paper wasps. J Evol Biol 2013; 26:2350-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. A. Tibbetts
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - A. Injaian
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
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49
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Bacci M, Bueno OC, Rodrigues A, Pagnocca FC, Somera AF, Silva A. A metabolic pathway assembled by enzyme selection may support herbivory of leaf-cutter ants on plant starch. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:525-31. [PMID: 23500892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic associations shape the evolution in different organism groups. The association between the leaf-cutter ant Atta sexdens and the basidiomycete fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus has enabled them to degrade starch from plant material generating glucose, which is a major food source for both mutualists. Starch degradation is promoted by enzymes contained in the fecal fluid that ants deposit on the fungus culture in cut leaves inside the nests. To understand the dynamics of starch degradation in ant nests, we purified and characterized starch degrading enzymes from the ant fecal fluid and from laboratory cultures of L. gongylophorus and found that the ants intestine positively selects fungal α-amylase and a maltase likely produced by the ants, as a negative selection is imposed to fungal maltase and ant α-amylases. Selected enzymes are more resistant to catabolic repression by glucose and proposed to structure a metabolic pathway in which the fungal α-amylase initiates starch catalysis to generate byproducts which are sequentially degraded by the maltase to produce glucose. The pathway is responsible for effective degradation of starch and proposed to represent a major evolutionary innovation enabling efficient starch assimilation from plant material by leaf-cutters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício Bacci
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais/Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia, Brazil.
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50
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Adaptive tag switching reinforces the coevolution of contingent cooperation and tag diversity. J Theor Biol 2013; 330:45-55. [PMID: 23603056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most of the previous studies concerning the similarity-based interaction have assumed that the change of tags just happens in the imitation stage. Individuals actually can adjust their tags whenever the environments related to these tags grow nasty. We institute a spatial model to investigate the effect of the coevolution of tag and strategy on the evolution of cooperation in the context of the Prisoner's Dilemma game. Interactions just happen between tag-identical neighbors. Individuals exploited by defectors change their current tags at a certain cost. The time-scale ratio controls how fast interaction happens relatively to selection. Results show that whenever individuals have enough chance to adapt to the environment, cooperation is greatly improved even for quite large temptation to defect. Intensive exploration reveals that both little and large costs of tag switching can further favor the establishment of cooperation. Our work may add more into the literature concerning games on adaptive networks.
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