1
|
Grant B, Sundaram Buitrago PA, Mercado BC, Yajima M. Characterization of p53/p63/p73 and Myc expressions during embryogenesis of the sea urchin. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:333-350. [PMID: 37698352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some marine invertebrate organisms are considered not to develop tumors due to unknown mechanisms. To gain an initial insight into how tumor-related genes may be expressed and function during marine invertebrate development, we here leverage sea urchin embryos as a model system and characterize the expressions of Myc and p53/p63/p73 which are reported to function synergistically in mammalian models as an oncogene and tumor suppressor, respectively. RESULTS During sea urchin embryogenesis, a combo gene of p53/p63/p73 is found to be maternally loaded and decrease after fertilization both in transcript and protein, while Myc transcript and protein are zygotically expressed. p53/p63/p73 and Myc proteins are observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of every blastomere, respectively, throughout embryogenesis. Both p53/p63/p73 and Myc overexpression results in compromised development with increased DNA damage after the blastula stage. p53/p63/p73 increases the expression of parp1, a DNA repair/cell death marker gene, and suppresses endomesoderm gene expressions. In contrast, Myc does not alter the expression of specification genes or oncogenes yet induces disorganized morphology. CONCLUSIONS p53/p63/p73 appears to be important for controlling cell differentiation, while Myc induces disorganized morphology yet not through conventional oncogene regulations or apoptotic pathways during embryogenesis of the sea urchin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Beatriz C Mercado
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mamiko Yajima
- Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Newell S, van der Watt PJ, Leaner VD. Therapeutic targeting of nuclear export and import receptors in cancer and their potential in combination chemotherapy. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:4-25. [PMID: 37623925 PMCID: PMC10952567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic modalities are crucial in the management of disseminated malignancies and liquid tumours. However, patient responses and tolerability to treatment are generally poor and those that enter remission often return with refractory disease. Combination therapies provide a methodology to overcome chemoresistance mechanisms and address dose-limiting toxicities. A deeper understanding of tumorigenic processes at the molecular level has brought a targeted therapy approach to the forefront of cancer research, and novel cancer biomarkers are being identified at a rapid rate, with some showing potential therapeutic benefits. The Karyopherin superfamily of proteins is soluble receptors that mediate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and RNAs, and recently, nuclear transport receptors have been recognized as novel anticancer targets. Inhibitors against nuclear export have been approved for clinical use against certain cancer types, whereas inhibitors against nuclear import are in preclinical stages of investigation. Mechanistically, targeting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling has shown to abrogate oncogenic signalling and restore tumour suppressor functions through nuclear sequestration of relevant proteins and mRNAs. Hence, nuclear transport inhibitors display broad spectrum anticancer activity and harbour potential to engage in synergistic interactions with a wide array of cytotoxic agents and other targeted agents. This review is focussed on the most researched nuclear transport receptors in the context of cancer, XPO1 and KPNB1, and highlights how inhibitors targeting these receptors can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard of care therapies and novel targeted agents in a combination therapy approach. Furthermore, an updated review on the therapeutic targeting of lesser characterized karyopherin proteins is provided and resistance to clinically approved nuclear export inhibitors is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stella Newell
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- UCT/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hasan A, Khamjan N, Lohani M, Mir SS. Targeted Inhibition of Hsp90 in Combination with Metformin Modulates Programmed Cell Death Pathways in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7338-7378. [PMID: 37000353 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of lung cancer is dependent on the dysregulation in the apoptotic and autophagic pathways. The intricate link between apoptosis and autophagy through shared signaling pathways complicates our understanding of how lung cancer pathophysiology is regulated. As drug resistance is the primary reason behind treatment failure, it is crucial to understand how cancer cells may respond to different therapies and integrate crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in response to them, leading to cell death or survival. Thus, in this study, we have tried to evaluate the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cell line that could be modulated by employing a combination therapy of metformin (6 mM), an anti-diabetic drug, with gedunin (12 µM), an Hsp90 inhibitor, to provide insights into the development of new cancer therapeutics. Our results demonstrated that metformin and gedunin were cytotoxic to A549 lung cancer cells. Combination of metformin and gedunin generated ROS and promoted MMP loss and DNA damage. The combination further increased the expression of AMPKα1 and promoted the nuclear localization of AMPKα1/α2. The expression of Hsp90 was downregulated, further decreasing the expression of its clients, EGFR, PIK3CA, AKT1, and AKT3. Inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway upregulated TP53 and inhibited autophagy. The combination was promoting nuclear localization of p53; however, some cytoplasmic signals were also detected. Further increase in the expression of caspase 9 and caspase 3 was observed. Thus, we concluded that the combination of metformin and gedunin upregulates apoptosis by inhibiting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT pathway and autophagy in A549 lung cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adria Hasan
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
- Current Address: Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Nizar Khamjan
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Medical Research Center, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Emergency Medical Services, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Snober S Mir
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Integral Information and Research Centre-4 (IIRC-4), Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Waqas FH, Shehata M, Elgaher WAM, Lacour A, Kurmasheva N, Begnini F, Kiib AE, Dahlmann J, Chen C, Pavlou A, Poulsen TB, Merkert S, Martin U, Olmer R, Olagnier D, Hirsch AKH, Pleschka S, Pessler F. NRF2 activators inhibit influenza A virus replication by interfering with nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral RNPs in an NRF2-independent manner. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011506. [PMID: 37459366 PMCID: PMC10374058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, activators of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid-2-like-2 (NRF2) signaling pathway have antiviral effects, but the underlying antiviral mechanisms are incompletely understood. We evaluated the ability of the NRF2 activators 4-octyl itaconate (4OI), bardoxolone methyl (BARD), sulforaphane (SFN), and the inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export selinexor (SEL) to interfere with influenza virus A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) infection of human cells. All compounds reduced viral titers in supernatants from A549 cells and vascular endothelial cells in the order of efficacy SEL>4OI>BARD = SFN, which correlated with their ability to prevent nucleo-cytoplasmic export of viral nucleoprotein and the host cell protein p53. In contrast, intracellular levels of viral HA mRNA and nucleocapsid protein (NP) were unaffected. Knocking down mRNA encoding KEAP1 (the main inhibitor of NRF2) or inactivating the NFE2L2 gene (which encodes NRF2) revealed that physiologic NRF2 signaling restricts IAV replication. However, the antiviral effect of all compounds was NRF2-independent. Instead, XPO1 knock-down greatly reduced viral titers, and incubation of Calu3 cells with an alkynated 4OI probe demonstrated formation of a covalent complex with XPO1. Ligand-target modelling predicted covalent binding of all three NRF2 activators and SEL to the active site of XPO1 involving the critical Cys528. SEL and 4OI manifested the highest binding energies, whereby the 4-octyl tail of 4OI interacted extensively with the hydrophobic groove of XPO1, which binds nuclear export sequences on cargo proteins. Conversely, SEL as well as the three NRF2 activators were predicted to covalently bind the functionally critical Cys151 in KEAP1. Blocking XPO1-mediated nuclear export may, thus, constitute a "noncanonical" mechanism of anti-influenza activity of electrophilic NRF2 activators that can interact with similar cysteine environments at the active sites of XPO1 and KEAP1. Considering the importance of XPO1 function to a variety of pathogenic viruses, compounds that are optimized to inhibit both targets may constitute an important class of broadly active host-directed treatments that embody anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and antiviral properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar H Waqas
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Antoine Lacour
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Begnini
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders E Kiib
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Chutao Chen
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Pavlou
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sylvia Merkert
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Liu X, Chen J. Toward Accurate Coarse-Grained Simulations of Disordered Proteins and Their Dynamic Interactions. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:4523-4536. [PMID: 36083825 PMCID: PMC9910785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play crucial roles in cellular regulatory networks and are now recognized to often remain highly dynamic even in specific interactions and assemblies. Accurate description of these dynamic interactions is extremely challenging using atomistic simulations because of the prohibitive computational cost. Efficient coarse-grained approaches could offer an effective solution to overcome this bottleneck if they could provide an accurate description of key local and global properties of IDPs in both unbound and bound states. The recently developed hybrid-resolution (HyRes) protein model has been shown to be capable of providing a semiquantitative description of the secondary structure propensities of IDPs. Here, we show that greatly improved description of global structures and transient interactions can be achieved by introducing a solvent-accessible surface area-based implicit solvent term followed by reoptimization of effective interaction strengths. The new model, termed HyRes II, can semiquantitatively reproduce a wide range of local and global structural properties of a set of IDPs of various lengths and complexities. It can also distinguish the level of compaction between folded proteins and IDPs. In particular, applied to the disordered N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD) of tumor suppressor p53, HyRes II is able to recapitulate various nontrivial structural properties compared to experimental results, some of them to a level of accuracy that is almost comparable to results from atomistic explicit solvent simulations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HyRes II can be used to simulate the dynamic interactions of TAD with the DNA-binding domain of p53, generating structural ensembles that are highly consistent with existing NMR data. We anticipate that HyRes II will provide an efficient and relatively reliable tool toward accurate coarse-grained simulations of dynamic protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jianhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karim RM, Yang L, Chen L, Bikowitz MJ, Lu J, Grassie D, Shultz ZP, Lopchuk JM, Chen J, Schönbrunn E. Discovery of Dual TAF1-ATR Inhibitors and Ligand-Induced Structural Changes of the TAF1 Tandem Bromodomain. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4182-4200. [PMID: 35191694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomains regulate chromatin remodeling and gene transcription through recognition of acetylated lysines on histones and other proteins. Bromodomain-containing protein TAF1, a subunit of general transcription factor TFIID, initiates preinitiation complex formation and cellular transcription. TAF1 serves as a cofactor for certain oncogenic transcription factors and is implicated in regulating the p53 tumor suppressor. Therefore, TAF1 is a potential target to develop small molecule therapeutics for diseases arising from dysregulated transcription, such as cancer. Here, we report the ATR kinase inhibitor AZD6738 (Ceralasertib) and analogues thereof as bona fide inhibitors of TAF1. Crystallographic and small-angle X-ray scattering studies established that newly identified and previously reported inhibitors stabilize distinct structural states of the TAF1 tandem bromodomain through "open-closed" transitions and dimerization. Combined with functional studies on p53 signaling in cancer cell lines, the data provide new insights into the feasibility and challenges of TAF1 inhibitors as chemical probes and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rezaul Md Karim
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Leixiang Yang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Melissa J Bikowitz
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Junhao Lu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Dylan Grassie
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Zachary P Shultz
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Justin M Lopchuk
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sule A, Golding SE, Ahmad SF, Watson J, Ahmed MH, Kellogg GE, Bernas T, Koebley S, Reed JC, Povirk LF, Valerie K. ATM phosphorylates PP2A subunit A resulting in nuclear export and spatiotemporal regulation of the DNA damage response. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:603. [PMID: 36434396 PMCID: PMC9700600 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a serine-threonine protein kinase and important regulator of the DNA damage response (DDR). One critical ATM target is the structural subunit A (PR65-S401) of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), known to regulate diverse cellular processes such as mitosis and cell growth as well as dephosphorylating many proteins during the recovery from the DDR. We generated mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing PR65-WT, -S401A (cannot be phosphorylated), and -S401D (phospho-mimetic) transgenes. Significantly, S401 mutants exhibited extensive chromosomal aberrations, impaired DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and underwent increased mitotic catastrophe after radiation. Both S401A and the S401D cells showed impaired DSB repair (nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination repair) and exhibited delayed DNA damage recovery, which was reflected in reduced radiation survival. Furthermore, S401D cells displayed increased ERK and AKT signaling resulting in enhanced growth rate further underscoring the multiple roles ATM-PP2A signaling plays in regulating prosurvival responses. Time-lapse video and cellular localization experiments showed that PR65 was exported to the cytoplasm after radiation by CRM1, a nuclear export protein, in line with the very rapid pleiotropic effects observed. A putative nuclear export sequence (NES) close to S401 was identified and when mutated resulted in aberrant PR65 shuttling. Our study demonstrates that the phosphorylation of a single, critical PR65 amino acid (S401) by ATM fundamentally controls the DDR, and balances DSB repair quality, cell survival and growth by spatiotemporal PR65 nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling mediated by the nuclear export receptor CRM1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sule
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0058, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Sarah E Golding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0058, USA
| | - Syed F Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0058, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - James Watson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0058, USA
| | - Mostafa H Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Tytus Bernas
- Department of Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Sean Koebley
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jason C Reed
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Lawrence F Povirk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kristoffer Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0058, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu S, Qiao W, Sun Q, Luo Y. Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 (XPO1/CRM1) as an Anticancer Target and Discovery of Its Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15534-15548. [PMID: 34669417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1) is a major nuclear export receptor protein and contributes to cell homeostasis by mediating the transport of cargo from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. CRM1 is a therapeutic target comprised of several tumor types, including osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, gliomas, and pancreatic cancer. In the past decade, dozens of CRM1 inhibitors have been discovered and developed, including KPT-330, which received FDA approval for multiple myeloma (MM) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in 2019 and 2020, respectively. This review summarizes the biological functions of CRM1, the current understanding of the role CRM1 plays in cancer, the discovery of CRM1 small-molecule inhibitors, preclinical and clinical studies on KPT-330, and other recently developed inhibitors. A new CRM1 inhibition mechanism and structural dynamics are discussed. Through this review, we hope to guide the future design and optimization of CRM1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory of Lung Cancer, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kiss E, Forika G, Mohacsi R, Nemeth Z, Krenacs T, Dank M. Methyl-Donors Can Induce Apoptosis and Attenuate Both the Akt and the Erk1/2 Mediated Proliferation Pathways in Breast and Lung Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073598. [PMID: 33808426 PMCID: PMC8036837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methyl-donors play important roles in physiological processes catalyzed by B vitamins as coenzymes, and are used for complementary support in oncotherapy. Our hypothesis was that methyl-donors can not only assist in tolerating cancer treatment but may also directly interfere with tumor growth and proliferation. Therefore, we investigated the proposed cancer inhibitory effects of methyl-donors (in a mixture of L-methionine, choline chloride, folic acid, and vitamin B12) on MCF7 and T47D breast cancer as well as A549 and H1650 lung cancer cell lines. Indeed, methyl-donor treatment significantly reduced the proliferation in all cell lines, possibly through the downregulation of MAPK/ERK and AKT signaling. These were accompanied by the upregulation of the pro-apoptotic Bak and Bax, both in MCF7 and H1650 cells, at reduced anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 levels in MCF7 and H1650 cells, respectively. The treatment-induced downregulation of p-p53(Thr55) was likely to contribute to protecting the nuclear localization and apoptosis inducing functions of p53. The presented features are known to improve the sensitivity of cancer therapy. Therefore, these data support the hypothesis, i.e., that methyl-donors may promote apoptotic signaling by protecting p53 functions through downregulating both the MAPK/ERK and the AKT pathways both in breast and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Our results can emphasize the importance and benefits of the appropriate dietary supports in cancer treatments. However, further studies are required to confirm these effects without any adverse outcome in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kiss
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (R.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Gertrud Forika
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (G.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Reka Mohacsi
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (R.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Nemeth
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (R.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-670-1025
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (G.F.); (T.K.)
| | - Magdolna Dank
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Oncology Profile, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (E.K.); (R.M.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen YC, Hsieh HH, Chang HC, Wang HC, Lin WJ, Lin JJ. CDC25B induces cellular senescence and correlates with tumor suppression in a p53-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100564. [PMID: 33745968 PMCID: PMC8054198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatase cell division cycle 25B (Cdc25B) regulates cell cycle progression. Increased Cdc25B levels are often detected in cancer cell lines and human cancers and have been implicated in contributing to tumor growth, potentially by providing cancer cells with the ability to bypass checkpoint controls. However, the specific mechanism by which increased Cdc25B impacts tumor progression is not clear. Here we analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and found that patients with high CDC25B expression had the expected poor survival. However, we also found that high CDC25B expression had a p53-dependent tumor suppressive effect in lung cancer and possibly several other cancer types. Looking in more detail at the tumor suppressive function of Cdc25B, we found that increased Cdc25B expression caused inhibition of cell growth in human normal fibroblasts. This effect was not due to alteration of specific cell cycle stage or inhibition of apoptosis, nor by induction of the DNA damage response. Instead, increased CDC25B expression led cells into senescence. We also found that p53 was required to induce senescence, which might explain the p53-dependent tumor suppressive function of Cdc25B. Mechanistically, we found that the Cdc25B phosphatase activity was required to induce senescence. Further analysis also found that Cdc25B stabilized p53 through binding and dephosphorylating p53. Together, this study identified a tumor-suppressive function of Cdc25B that is mediated through a p53-dependent senescence pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chieh Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chi Chang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chiao Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Jinq Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jing-Jer Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mitra S, Muralidharan SV, Di Marco M, Juvvuna PK, Kosalai ST, Reischl S, Jachimowicz D, Subhash S, Raimondi I, Kurian L, Huarte M, Kogner P, Fischer M, Johnsen JI, Mondal T, Kanduri C. Subcellular Distribution of p53 by the p53-Responsive lncRNA NBAT1 Determines Chemotherapeutic Response in Neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1457-1471. [PMID: 33372039 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma has a low mutation rate for the p53 gene. Alternative ways of p53 inactivation have been proposed in neuroblastoma, such as abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of wild-type p53. However, mechanisms leading to p53 inactivation via cytoplasmic accumulation are not well investigated. Here we show that the neuroblastoma risk-associated locus 6p22.3-derived tumor suppressor NBAT1 is a p53-responsive lncRNA that regulates p53 subcellular levels. Low expression of NBAT1 provided resistance to genotoxic drugs by promoting p53 accumulation in cytoplasm and loss from mitochondrial and nuclear compartments. Depletion of NBAT1 altered CRM1 function and contributed to the loss of p53-dependent nuclear gene expression during genotoxic drug treatment. CRM1 inhibition rescued p53-dependent nuclear functions and sensitized NBAT1-depleted cells to genotoxic drugs. Combined inhibition of CRM1 and MDM2 was even more effective in sensitizing aggressive neuroblastoma cells with p53 cytoplasmic accumulation. Thus, our mechanistic studies uncover an NBAT1-dependent CRM1/MDM2-based potential combination therapy for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows how a p53-responsive lncRNA mediates chemotherapeutic response by modulating nuclear p53 pathways and identifies a potential treatment strategy for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanhita Mitra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Mirco Di Marco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Prasanna Kumar Juvvuna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Silke Reischl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Jachimowicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Santhilal Subhash
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Raimondi
- Cima, University of Navarra, Pio XII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leo Kurian
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Institute for Neurophysiology, The Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maite Huarte
- Cima, University of Navarra, Pio XII, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - John Inge Johnsen
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Chandrasekhar Kanduri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Z, Wu W, Yan H, Hu Y, He Q, Luo P. Regulation of p53 stability as a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114407. [PMID: 33421376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 participates in the control of key biological functions such as cell death, metabolic homeostasis and immune function, which are closely related to various diseases such as tumors, metabolic disorders, infection and neurodegeneration. The p53 gene is also mutated in approximately 50% of human cancer cells. Mutant p53 proteins escape from the ubiquitination-dependent degradation, gain oncogenic function and promote the carcinogenesis, malignant progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Therefore, the stability of both wild type and mutant p53 needs to be precisely regulated to maintain normal functions and targeting the p53 stability is one of the therapeutic strategies against cancer. Here, we focus on compound-induced degradation of p53 by both the ubiquitination-dependent proteasome and autophagy-lysosome degradation pathways. We also review other posttranslational modifications which control the stability of p53 and the biological functions involved in these processes. This review provides the current theoretical basis for the regulation of p53 abundance and its possible applications in different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Xu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Wentong Wu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhuai Hu
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A phosphorylation-dependent switch in the disordered p53 transactivation domain regulates DNA binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021456118. [PMID: 33443163 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021456118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor p53 is a critical regulator of the cellular response to DNA damage and is tightly regulated by posttranslational modifications. Thr55 in the AD2 interaction motif of the N-terminal transactivation domain functions as a phosphorylation-dependent regulatory switch that modulates p53 activity. Thr55 is constitutively phosphorylated, becomes dephosphorylated upon DNA damage, and is subsequently rephosphorylated to facilitate dissociation of p53 from promoters and inactivate p53-mediated transcription. Using NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy, we show that Thr55 phosphorylation inhibits DNA-binding by enhancing competitive interactions between the disordered AD2 motif and the structured DNA-binding domain (DBD). Nonphosphorylated p53 exhibits positive cooperativity in binding DNA as a tetramer. Upon phosphorylation of Thr55, cooperativity is abolished and p53 binds initially to cognate DNA sites as a dimer. As the concentration of phosphorylated p53 is further increased, a second dimer binds and causes p53 to dissociate from the DNA, resulting in a bell-shaped binding curve. This autoinhibition is driven by favorable interactions between the DNA-binding surface of the DBD and the multiple phosphorylated AD2 motifs within the tetramer. These interactions are augmented by additional phosphorylation of Ser46 and are fine-tuned by the proline-rich domain (PRD). Removal of the PRD strengthens the AD2-DBD interaction and leads to autoinhibition of DNA binding even in the absence of Thr55 phosphorylation. This study reveals the molecular mechanism by which the phosphorylation status of Thr55 modulates DNA binding and controls both activation and termination of p53-mediated transcriptional programs at different stages of the cellular DNA damage response.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hernández IH, Cabrera JR, Santos-Galindo M, Sánchez-Martín M, Domínguez V, García-Escudero R, Pérez-Álvarez MJ, Pintado B, Lucas JJ. Pathogenic SREK1 decrease in Huntington's disease lowers TAF1 mimicking X-linked dystonia parkinsonism. Brain 2020; 143:2207-2219. [PMID: 32533168 PMCID: PMC7363496 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease and X-linked dystonia parkinsonism are two monogenic basal ganglia model diseases. Huntington’s disease is caused by a polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene leading to several toxic interactions of both the expanded CAG-containing mRNA and the polyglutamine-containing protein, while X-linked dystonia parkinsonism is caused by a retrotransposon insertion in the TAF1 gene, which decreases expression of this core scaffold of the basal transcription factor complex TFIID. SRSF6 is an RNA-binding protein of the serine and arginine-rich (SR) protein family that interacts with expanded CAG mRNA and is sequestered into the characteristic polyglutamine-containing inclusion bodies of Huntington’s disease brains. Here we report decreased levels of the SRSF6 interactor and regulator SREK1—another SR protein involved in RNA processing—which includes TAF1 as one of its targets. This led us to hypothesize that Huntington’s disease and X-linked dystonia parkinsonism pathogeneses converge in TAF1 alteration. We show that diminishing SRSF6 through RNA interference in human neuroblastoma cells leads to a decrease in SREK1 levels, which, in turn, suffices to cause diminished TAF1 levels. We also observed decreased SREK1 and TAF1 levels in striatum of Huntington’s disease patients and transgenic model mice. We then generated mice with neuronal transgenic expression of SREK1 (TgSREK1 mice) that, interestingly, showed transcriptomic alterations complementary to those in Huntington’s disease mice. Most importantly, by combining Huntington’s disease and TgSREK1 mice we verify that SREK1 overexpression corrects TAF1 deficiency and attenuates striatal atrophy and motor phenotype of Huntington’s disease mice. Our results therefore demonstrate that altered RNA processing upon SREK1 dysregulation plays a key role in Huntington’s disease pathogenesis and pinpoint TAF1 as a likely general determinant of selective vulnerability of the striatum in multiple neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivó H Hernández
- Center for Molecular Biology 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jorge R Cabrera
- Center for Molecular Biology 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - María Santos-Galindo
- Center for Molecular Biology 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Martín
- Transgenic Facility, Nucleus platform, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Verónica Domínguez
- Center for Molecular Biology 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Transgenesis Facility CNB-CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ramón García-Escudero
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid 28040, Spain.,Biomedicine Research Institute, Hospital 12 Octubre, Madrid 28041, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María J Pérez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Belén Pintado
- Transgenesis Facility CNB-CBMSO, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José J Lucas
- Center for Molecular Biology 'Severo Ochoa' (CBMSO) CSIC/UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Flavones and flavonols may have clinical potential as CK2 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
16
|
Damle NP, Köhn M. The human DEPhOsphorylation Database DEPOD: 2019 update. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2020; 2019:5677402. [PMID: 31836896 PMCID: PMC6911163 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The human Dephosphorylation Database (DEPOD) is a manually curated resource that harbors human phosphatases, their protein and non-protein substrates, dephosphorylation sites and the associated signaling pathways. We report here an update to DEPOD by integrating and/or linking to annotations from 69 other open access databases including disease associations, phosphorylating kinases, protein interactions, and also genome browsers. We also provide tools to visualize protein interactions, protein structures, phosphorylation networks, evolutionary conservation of proteins, dephosphorylation sites, and short linear motifs within various proteins. The updated version of DEPOD contains 254 human phosphatases, 336 protein and 83 non-protein substrates, and 1215 manually curated phosphatase-substrate relationships. In addition, we have improved the data access as all the data in DEPOD can now be easily downloaded in a user-friendly format. With multiple significant improvements, DEPOD continues serving as a key resource for research on phosphatase-kinase networks. Database URL: www.depod.org
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil P Damle
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja Köhn
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barron KA, Jeffries KA, Krupenko NI. Sphingolipids and the link between alcohol and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 322:109058. [PMID: 32171848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence underscores alcohol consumption as a strong risk factor for multiple cancer types, with liver cancer being most commonly associated with alcohol intake. While mechanisms linking alcohol consumption to malignant tumor development are not fully understood, the likely players in ethanol-induced carcinogenesis are genotoxic stress caused by formation of acetaldehyde, increased oxidative stress, and altered nutrient metabolism, including the impairment of methyl transfer reactions. Alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are another potential link between ethanol and cancer development. In particular, ceramides are involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis and are known to function as important regulators of malignant transformation as well as tumor progression. However, to date, the cross-talk between ceramides and alcohol in cancer disease is largely an open question and only limited data are available on this subject. Most studies linking ceramide to cancer considered liver steatosis as the underlying mechanism, which is not surprising taking into consideration that ceramide pathways are an integral part of the overall lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the latest studies pointing to ceramide as an important mediator of cancer-promoting effects of chronic alcohol consumption and underscores the necessity of understanding the role of sphingolipids and lipid signaling in response to alcohol in order to prevent and/or successfully manage diseases caused by alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia I Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu J, Sheng Z, Li F, Wang S, Yuan Y, Wang M, Yu Z. NEDD4 protects vascular endothelial cells against Angiotensin II-induced cell death via enhancement of XPO1-mediated nuclear export. Exp Cell Res 2019; 383:111505. [PMID: 31326389 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NEDD4 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase containing the HECT domain, which regulates various cellular processes, but its role in vascular endothelial cells is unknown. In the present study, we found that NEDD4 bound directly to XPO1 by co-immunoprecipitation screening. In HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells), overexpression of NEDD4 reduced Ang II-induced ROS level and cell apoptosis. Ang II stimulation led to nuclear accumulation of cargoes, while overexpression of NEDD4 enhanced the XPO1-dependent nuclear export of its cargoes. KPT185, an inhibitor of XPO1, can abolished the protective effect of NEDD4 under Ang II treatment. In addition, NEDD4 could promote the interaction between XPO1 and RanBP3 via K63-linked ubiquitination of XPO1. These results suggested that NEDD4 played a protective role in vascular endothelial cell injury through regulating XPO1-mediated nuclear export.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Xu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhiyong Sheng
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Fuxin Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhao L, Ouyang Y, Li Q, Zhang Z. Modulation of p53 N-terminal transactivation domain 2 conformation ensemble and kinetics by phosphorylation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:2613-2623. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1637784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Likun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Ouyang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chien W, Sudo M, Ding LW, Sun QY, Wuensche P, Lee KL, Hattori N, Garg M, Xu L, Zheng Y, Gery S, Wongphayak S, Yang H, Baloglu E, Shacham S, Kauffman M, Mori S, Koeffler HP. Functional Genome-wide Screening Identifies Targets and Pathways Sensitizing Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Dasatinib. J Cancer 2018; 9:4762-4773. [PMID: 30588262 PMCID: PMC6299388 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is an unbiased genomic screen to obtain functional targets for increased effectiveness of dasatinib in pancreatic cancer. Dasatinib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used in clinical trials for treatment of pancreatic cancer; however, intrinsic and acquired resistance often occurs. We used a dasatinib-resistant pancreatic cancer cell line SU8686 to screen for synthetic lethality that synergizes with dasatinib using a pooled human shRNA library followed by next generation sequencing. Novel genes were identified which when silenced produced a prominent inhibitory effect with dasatinib against the pancreatic cancer cells. Several of these genes are involved in the regulation of epigenetics, as well as signaling pathways of the FOXO and hedgehog families. Small molecule inhibitors of either histone deacetylases or nuclear exporter had marked inhibitory effect with dasatinib in pancreatic cancers, suggesting their potential therapeutic effectiveness in this deadly cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chien
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Sudo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling-Wen Ding
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiao-Yang Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peer Wuensche
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norimichi Hattori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Xu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sigal Gery
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarawut Wongphayak
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Seiichi Mori
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Silva G, Marins M, Chaichanasak N, Yoon Y, Fachin AL, Pinhanelli VC, Regasini LO, dos Santos MB, Ayusso GM, Marques BDC, Wu WW, Phue JN, Shen RF, Baek SJ. Trans-chalcone increases p53 activity via DNAJB1/HSP40 induction and CRM1 inhibition. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202263. [PMID: 30118500 PMCID: PMC6097677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally-occurring chalcones and synthetic chalcone analogues have been demonstrated to have many biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-fungal, and anti-oxidant/anti-cancerous activities. Compared to other chalcones, trans-chalcone exhibits superior inhibitory activity in cancer cell growth as shown via in vitro assays, and exerts anti-cancerous effects via the activation of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Thus, characterization of the specific mechanisms, by which trans-chalcone activates p53, can aid development of new chemotherapeutic drugs that can be used individually or synergistically with other drugs. In this report, we found that trans-chalcone modulates many p53 target genes, HSP40 being the most induced gene in the RNA-Seq data using trans-chalcone-treated cells. CRM1 is also inhibited by trans-chalcone, resulting in the accumulation of p53 and other tumor suppressor proteins in the nucleus. Similar effects were seen using trans-chalcone derivatives. Overall, trans-chalcone could provide a strong foundation for the development of chalcone-based anti-cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Silva
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mozart Marins
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Medicine School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadda Chaichanasak
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Yoon
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Lúcia Fachin
- Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Medicine School, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Octávio Regasini
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bastos dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Miranda Ayusso
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wells W. Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Je-Nie Phue
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fu X, Liang C, Li F, Wang L, Wu X, Lu A, Xiao G, Zhang G. The Rules and Functions of Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051445. [PMID: 29757215 PMCID: PMC5983729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological macromolecules are the basis of life activities. There is a separation of spatial dimension between DNA replication and RNA biogenesis, and protein synthesis, which is an interesting phenomenon. The former occurs in the cell nucleus, while the latter in the cytoplasm. The separation requires protein to transport across the nuclear envelope to realize a variety of biological functions. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of protein including import to the nucleus and export to the cytoplasm is a complicated process that requires involvement and interaction of many proteins. In recent years, many studies have found that proteins constantly shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. These shuttling proteins play a crucial role as transport carriers and signal transduction regulators within cells. In this review, we describe the mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic transport of shuttling proteins and summarize some important diseases related shuttling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chao Liang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Fangfei Li
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Luyao Wang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Wu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Ge Zhang
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine and Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Lab of Combinatorial Compounds and Targeted Drug Delivery, HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lee EW, Oh W, Song HP, Kim WK. Phosphorylation of p53 at threonine 155 is required for Jab1-mediated nuclear export of p53. BMB Rep 2018; 50:373-378. [PMID: 28539160 PMCID: PMC5584745 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.7.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The Jun activation-domain binding protein 1 (Jab1) induces p53 nuclear export and cytoplasmic degradation, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that phosphorylation at the threonine 155 residue is essential for Jab1-mediated p53 nuclear export. Jab1 stimulated phosphorylation of p53 at T155 was inhibited by curcumin, an inhibitor of COP9 signalosome (CSN)-associated kinases. The T155E mutant, which mimics phosphorylated p53, exhibited spontaneous cytoplasmic localization in the absence of Jab1. This process was prevented by leptinomycin B (LMB), but not by curcumin. The substitution of threonine 155 for valine (T155V) abrogated Jab1-mediated p53 nuclear export, indicating that phosphorylation at this site is essential for Jab1-mediated regulation of p53. Although T155E can be localized in the cytoplasm in the absence of Mdm2, the translocation of T155E was significantly enhanced by ectopic Hdm2 expression. Our data suggests that Jab1-mediated phosphorylation of p53 at Thr155 residue mediates nuclear export of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wonkyung Oh
- DNA Repair Research Center, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | | | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nair JS, Musi E, Schwartz GK. Selinexor (KPT-330) Induces Tumor Suppression through Nuclear Sequestration of IκB and Downregulation of Survivin. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4301-4311. [PMID: 28314790 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Selinexor, a small molecule that inhibits nuclear export protein XPO1, has demonstrated efficacy in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies with the evidence of clinical activity in sarcoma as a single agent. Treatment options available are very few, and hence the need to identify novel targets and strategic therapies is of utmost importance.Experimental Design: The mechanistic effects of selinexor in sarcomas as a monotherapy and in combination with proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, across a panel of cell lines in vitro and few in xenograft mouse models were investigated.Results: Selinexor induced IκB nuclear localization as a single agent, and the effect was enhanced by stabilization of IκB when pretreated with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. This stabilization and retention of IκB in the nucleus resulted in inhibition of NFκB and transcriptional suppression of the critical antiapoptotic protein, survivin. Treatment of carfilzomib followed by selinexor caused selinexor-sensitive and selinexor-resistant cell lines to be more sensitive to selinexor as determined by an increase in apoptosis. This was successfully demonstrated in the MPNST xenograft model with enhanced tumor suppression.Conclusions: The subcellular distributions of IκB and NFκB are indicative of carcinogenesis. Inhibition of XPO1 results in intranuclear retention of IκB, which inhibits NFκB and thereby provides a novel mechanism for drug therapy in sarcoma. This effect can be further enhanced in relatively selinexor-resistant sarcoma cell lines by pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Because of these results, a human clinical trial with selinexor in combination with a proteasome inhibitor is planned for the treatment of sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4301-11. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayasree S Nair
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Elgilda Musi
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gary K Schwartz
- Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cromie MM, Liu Z, Gao W. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate augments the therapeutic effects of benzo[a]pyrene-mediated lung carcinogenesis. Biofactors 2017; 43:529-539. [PMID: 28247504 PMCID: PMC5554095 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study found curcumin and vitamin E to have protective effects against benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure in human normal lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells. The first objective of this study was to determine whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) elicited the same response. Co-treatment with 5 µM BaP and 20 µM EGCG in BEAS-2B promoted a significant reduction in cell viability and greater G2/M cell cycle arrest, induction of ROS, and reductions in BaP-induced CYP1A1/CYP1B1/COMT, EGFR, p-Akt (Ser473), p-p53 (Thr55), and survivin mRNA/protein expression, as well as an increase in p-p53 (Ser15). Based on these findings, the second objective was to extend the investigation by developing a novel BaP-transformed BEAS-2B cell line, BEAS-2BBaP , to examine the effects of EGCG when co-administered with gefitinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Cell colony formation assay demonstrated in vitro tumorigenic potential of BEAS-2BBaP , which had an overexpression of EGFR. Viability testing revealed gefitinib co-treatment with EGCG resulted in more cell death compared with gefitinib alone. Co-treated cells had greater reductions in gefitinib-induced CYP1A1/CYB1B1, EGFR, cyclin D1, p-Akt (Ser473), and survivin mRNA/protein expression, as well as an increase in p-p53 (Ser15). Therefore, EGCG was found to promote greater cytotoxicity to BEAS-2B co-treated with BaP and BEAS-2BBaP upon gefitinib co-treatment through regulating metabolism enzymes and signaling pathways involving EGFR and p53. These findings suggest that EGCG did not act as a protective compound in BEAS-2B after acute BaP exposure, but has the potential to be a useful adjuvant chemotherapeutic compound when coupled with gefitinib for chemosensitization. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):529-539, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weimin Gao
- Corresponding Author: Weimin Gao, MD, PhD, Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Box 41163, Lubbock, TX 79409. Tel: 806-834-6518; Fax: 806-885-2132;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou X, Wang F, Zhou R, Song X, Xie M. Apigenin: A current review on its beneficial biological activities. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Ruijun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| | - Xiuming Song
- Lianyungang Runzhong Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd.; Lianyungang Jiangsu Province 222069 China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province 215123 China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
A phase 1 clinical trial of single-agent selinexor in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:3165-3174. [PMID: 28336527 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-11-750158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selinexor is a novel, first-in-class, selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound, which blocks exportin 1 (XPO1) function, leads to nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins, and induces cancer cell death. A phase 1 dose-escalation study was initiated to examine the safety and efficacy of selinexor in patients with advanced hematological malignancies. Ninety-five patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were enrolled between January 2013 and June 2014 to receive 4, 8, or 10 doses of selinexor in a 21- or 28-day cycle. The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) in patients with AML were grade 1 or 2 constitutional and gastrointestinal toxicities, which were generally manageable with supportive care. The only nonhematological grade 3/4 AE, occurring in >5% of the patient population, was fatigue (14%). There were no reported dose-limiting toxicities or evidence of cumulative toxicity. The recommended phase 2 dose was established at 60 mg (∼35 mg/m2) given twice weekly in a 4-week cycle based on the totality of safety and efficacy data. Overall, 14% of the 81 evaluable patients achieved an objective response (OR) and 31% percent showed ≥50% decrease in bone marrow blasts from baseline. Patients achieving an OR had a significant improvement in median progression-free survival (PFS) (5.1 vs 1.3 months; P = .008; hazard ratio [HR], 3.1) and overall survival (9.7 vs 2.7 months; P = .01; HR, 3.1) compared with nonresponders. These findings suggest that selinexor is safe as a monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory AML and have informed subsequent phase 2 clinical development. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01607892.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vaine CA, Shin D, Liu C, Hendriks WT, Dhakal J, Shin K, Sharma N, Bragg DC. X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism patient cells exhibit altered signaling via nuclear factor-kappa B. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 100:108-118. [PMID: 28017799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism (XDP) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the loss of medium spiny neurons within the striatum. An XDP-specific haplotype has been identified, consisting of seven sequence variants which cluster around the human TAF1 gene, but a direct relationship between any of these variants and disease pathogenesis has not yet been demonstrated. Because the pathogenic gene lesion remains unclear, it has been difficult to predict cellular pathways which are affected in XDP cells. To address that issue, we assayed expression of defined gene sets in XDP vs. control fibroblasts to identify networks of functionally-related transcripts which may be dysregulated in XDP patient cells. That analysis derived a 51-gene signature distinguishing XDP vs. control fibroblasts which mapped strongly to nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB), a transcription factor pathway also implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Constitutive and TNFα-evoked NFκB signaling was further evaluated in XDP vs. control fibroblasts based on luciferase reporter activity, DNA binding of NFκB subunits, and endogenous target gene transcription. Compared to control cells, XDP fibroblasts exhibited decreased basal NFκB activity and decreased levels of the active NFκB p50 subunit, but increased target gene expression in response to TNFα. NFκB signaling was further examined in neural stem cells differentiated from XDP and control induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, revealing a similar pattern of increased TNFα responses in the patient lines compared to controls. These data indicate that an NFκB signaling phenotype is present in both patient fibroblasts and neural stem cells, suggesting this pathway as a site of dysfunction in XDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Vaine
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David Shin
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Christina Liu
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William T Hendriks
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jyotsna Dhakal
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kyle Shin
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nutan Sharma
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - D Cristopher Bragg
- The Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Harvard Brain Science Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu R, Ji P, Liu B, Qiao H, Wang X, Zhou L, Deng T, Ba Y. Apigenin enhances the cisplatin cytotoxic effect through p53-modulated apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1024-1030. [PMID: 28356995 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that dietary flavonoids, including apigenin, have anticancer roles. Apigenin has been reported to elevate p53, a critical molecule in the induction of apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate whether apigenin, a dietary flavonoid, improves the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in a cancer cell culture system, and to elucidate the mechanism of this effect. Multiple tumor cell types were treated with apigenin, cisplatin or both drugs. Cell viability was evaluated, and the cytotoxic effect was determined biochemically and microscopically. Treatment with apigenin increased cisplatin-induced DNA damage and the apoptosis of tumor cells in a p53-dependent manner. Apigenin, when used with cisplatin, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and subsequent p53 phosphorylation, leading to p53 accumulation and upregulation of proapoptotic proteins. Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs for malignant tumors, but resistance to this drug occurs. The current results therefore demonstrate that dietary flavonoids may diminish the resistance of cancers to cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ping Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Haishi Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Likun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yi Ba
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Omar HA, Tolba MF, Hung JH, Al-Tel TH. OSU-2S/Sorafenib Synergistic Antitumor Combination against Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of PKCδ/p53. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:463. [PMID: 27965580 PMCID: PMC5127788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sorafenib (Nexavar®) is an FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the low efficacy and adverse effects at high doses limit the clinical application of sorafenib and strongly recommend its combination with other agents aiming at ameliorating its drawbacks. OSU-2S, a PKCδ activator, was selected as a potential candidate anticancer agent to be combined with sorafenib to promote the anti-cancer activity through synergistic interaction. Methods: The antitumor effects of sorafenib, OSU-2S and their combination were assessed by MTT assay, caspase activation, Western blotting, migration/invasion assays in four different HCC cell lines. The synergistic interactions were determined by Calcusyn analysis. PKCδ knockdown was used to elucidate the role of PKCδ activation as a mechanism for the synergy. The knockdown/over-expression of p53 was used to explain the differential sensitivity of HCC cell lines to sorafenib and/or OSU-2S. Results: OSU-2S synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of sorafenib in the four used HCC cell lines with combination indices <1. This effect was accompanied by parallel increases in caspase 3/7 activity, PARP cleavage, PKCδ activation and inhibition of HCC cell migration/invasion. In addition, PKCδ knockdown abolished the synergy between sorafenib and OSU-2S. Furthermore, p53 restoration in Hep3B cells through the over-expression rendered them more sensitive to both agents while p53 knockdown from HepG2 cells increased their resistance to both agents. Conclusion: OSU-2S augments the anti-proliferative effect of sorafenib in HCC cell lines, in part, through the activation of PKCδ. The p53 status in HCC cells predicts their sensitivity toward both sorafenib and OSU-2S. The proposed combination represents a therapeutically relevant approach that can lead to a new HCC therapeutic protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of SharjahSharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams UniversityCairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, IrvineCA, USA
| | - Jui-Hsiang Hung
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Głowacki R, Furmaniak P, Kubalczyk P, Borowczyk K. Determination of Total Apigenin in Herbs by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with UV Detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:3827832. [PMID: 27437159 PMCID: PMC4942635 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3827832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a naturally occurring plant flavone that exhibits strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. A MEKC-UV based method was developed for the determination of total apigenin in selected herbs. Application of pseudostationary phase in the form of SDS micelles resulted in great repeatability of retention times and peak areas. A buffer solution consisting of 30 mmol/L sodium borate (pH 10.2), 10% acetonitrile, and 10 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be the most suitable BGE for the separation. The method was validated and calibrated for total apigenin in the range of 1.0-100 μmol/L (R (2) = 0.9994). The limits of detection and quantification were 0.48 μmol/L and 0.92 μmol/L, respectively. This precise and robust method was successfully applied to the analysis of plant samples for total apigenin content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Głowacki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paulina Furmaniak
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Paweł Kubalczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Kamila Borowczyk
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, 163 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
p53 has been studied intensively as a major tumour suppressor that detects oncogenic events in cancer cells and eliminates them through senescence (a permanent non-proliferative state) or apoptosis. Consistent with this role, p53 activity is compromised in a high proportion of all cancer types, either through mutation of the TP53 gene (encoding p53) or changes in the status of p53 modulators. p53 has additional roles, which may overlap with its tumour-suppressive capacity, in processes including the DNA damage response, metabolism, aging, stem cell differentiation and fertility. Moreover, many mutant p53 proteins, termed 'gain-of-function' (GOF), acquire new activities that help drive cancer aggression. p53 is regulated mainly through protein turnover and operates within a negative-feedback loop with its transcriptional target, MDM2 (murine double minute 2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase which mediates the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of p53. Induction of p53 is achieved largely through uncoupling the p53-MDM2 interaction, leading to elevated p53 levels. Various stress stimuli acting on p53 (such as hyperproliferation and DNA damage) use different, but overlapping, mechanisms to achieve this. Additionally, p53 activity is regulated through critical context-specific or fine-tuning events, mediated primarily through post-translational mechanisms, particularly multi-site phosphorylation and acetylation. In the present review, I broadly examine these events, highlighting their regulatory contributions, their ability to integrate signals from cellular events towards providing most appropriate response to stress conditions and their importance for tumour suppression. These are fascinating aspects of molecular oncology that hold the key to understanding the molecular pathology of cancer and the routes by which it may be tackled therapeutically.
Collapse
|
33
|
Okuda M, Nishimura Y. Real-time and simultaneous monitoring of the phosphorylation and enhanced interaction of p53 and XPC acidic domains with the TFIIH p62 subunit. Oncogenesis 2015; 4:e150. [PMID: 26029824 PMCID: PMC4753521 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications have critical roles in diverse biological processes through interactions. Tumor-suppressor protein p53 and nucleotide excision repair factor XPC each contain an acidic region, termed the acidic transactivation domain (TAD) and acidic fragment (AF), respectively, that binds to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of the p62 subunit of the transcription factor TFIIH. Human p53-TAD contains seven serine and two threonine residues, all of which can be phosphorylated. Similarly, XPC-AF contains six serine and two threonine residues, of which Thr117, Ser122 and Ser129 have been reported as phosphorylation sites in vivo, although their phosphorylation roles are unknown. Phosphorylation of Ser46 and Thr55 of p53-TAD increases its binding ability; however, the role of XPC-AF phosphorylation remains elusive. Here we describe a system for real-time and simultaneous monitoring of the phosphorylation and p62-PH affinity of p53-TAD and XPC-AF using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Unexpectedly, among seven reported kinases that presumably phosphorylate Ser46 and/or Thr55 of p53-TAD, only two specific and high-efficiency enzymes were identified: JNK2α2 for Ser46 and GRK5 for Thr55. During interaction with p62-PH, four different affinity complexes resulting from various phosphorylation states of p53-TAD by the kinases were identified. The kinetics of the site-specific phosphorylation reaction of p53-TAD and its affinity for p62-PH were monitored in real-time using the NMR system. Isothermic calorimetry showed that phosphorylation of Ser129 of XPC-AF increases binding to p62-PH. Although CK2 was predicted to phosphorylate Ser122, Ser129 and Ser140 from its sequence context, it specifically and efficiently phosphorylated only Ser129. Simultaneous monitoring of the phosphorylation and augmentation in p62-PH binding identified a key residue of p62-PH for contacting phosphorylated Ser129. In summary, we have established an NMR system for real-time and simultaneous monitoring of site-specific phosphorylation and enhancement of affinity between phosphorylation domains and their target. The system is also applicable to other posttranslational modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Okuda
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nishimura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gao W, Lu C, Chen L, Keohavong P. Overexpression of CRM1: A Characteristic Feature in a Transformed Phenotype of Lung Carcinogenesis and a Molecular Target for Lung Cancer Adjuvant Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 10:815-825. [PMID: 25629636 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1), a nuclear export receptor for various cancer-associated "cargo" proteins, was important in regulating lung carcinogenesis in response to a tobacco carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). The objectives of this study are to comprehensively evaluate the significance of CRM1 in lung cancer development and investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting CRM1 for lung cancer treatment using both in vitro and in vivo models. We showed that CRM1 was overexpressed not only in lung tumor tissues from both lung cancer patients and mice treated with NNK but also in NNK-transformed BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Furthermore, stable overexpression of CRM1 in BEAS-2B cells by plasmid vector transfection led to malignant cellular transformation. Moreover, a decreased CRM1 expression level in A549 cells by short hairpin siRNA transfection led to a decreased tumorigenic activity both in vitro and in nude mice, suggesting the potential to target CRM1 for lung cancer treatment. Indeed, we showed that the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin on A549 cells with CRM1 down-regulated by short hairpin siRNA were significantly increased, compared with A549 cells, and the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin became further enhanced when the drug was used in combination with leptomycin B, a CRM1 inhibitor, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Cancer target genes were significantly involved in these processes. These data suggest that CRM1 plays an important role in lung carcinogenesis and provides a novel target for lung cancer adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Karyopherins/analysis
- Karyopherins/genetics
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Lung/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Nitrosamines/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/analysis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Smoking
- Survivin
- Transfection
- Tumor Stem Cell Assay
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Gao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.
| | - Chuanwen Lu
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Phouthone Keohavong
- Department Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kumari R, Kohli S, Das S. p53 regulation upon genotoxic stress: intricacies and complexities. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e969653. [PMID: 27308356 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.969653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
p53, the revered savior of genomic integrity, receives signals from diverse stress sensors and strategizes to maintain cellular homeostasis. However, the predominance of p53 overshadows the fact that this herculean task is no one-man show; rather, there is a huge army of regulators that reign over p53 at various levels to avoid an unnecessary surge in its levels and sculpt it dynamically to favor one cellular outcome over another. This governance starts right at the time of p53 translation, which is gated by proteins that bind to p53 mRNA and keep a stringent check on p53 protein levels. The same effect is also achieved by ubiquitylases and deubiquitylases that fine-tune p53 turnover and miRNAs that modulate p53 levels, adding precision to this entire scheme. In addition, extensive covalent modifications and differential protein interactions allow p53 to trigger a tailor-made response for a given circumstance. To magnify the marvel, these various tiers of regulation operate simultaneously and in various combinations. In this review, we have tried to provide a glimpse into this bewildering labyrinth. We believe that further studies will result in a better understanding of p53 regulation and that new insights will help unravel many aspects of cancer biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Kumari
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology ; New Delhi, India
| | - Saishruti Kohli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology ; New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Das
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory; National Institute of Immunology ; New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Okuda M, Nishimura Y. Extended String Binding Mode of the Phosphorylated Transactivation Domain of Tumor Suppressor p53. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14143-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506351f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Okuda
- Graduate School of Medical
Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Medical
Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Senapedis WT, Baloglu E, Landesman Y. Clinical translation of nuclear export inhibitors in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 27:74-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
38
|
Bioinformatics study of cancer-related mutations within p53 phosphorylation site motifs. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13275-98. [PMID: 25075982 PMCID: PMC4159794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 protein has about thirty phosphorylation sites located at the N- and C-termini and in the core domain. The phosphorylation sites are relatively less mutated than other residues in p53. To understand why and how p53 phosphorylation sites are rarely mutated in human cancer, using a bioinformatics approaches, we examined the phosphorylation site and its nearby flanking residues, focusing on the consensus phosphorylation motif pattern, amino-acid correlations within the phosphorylation motifs, the propensity of structural disorder of the phosphorylation motifs, and cancer mutations observed within the phosphorylation motifs. Many p53 phosphorylation sites are targets for several kinases. The phosphorylation sites match 17 consensus sequence motifs out of the 29 classified. In addition to proline, which is common in kinase specificity-determining sites, we found high propensity of acidic residues to be adjacent to phosphorylation sites. Analysis of human cancer mutations in the phosphorylation motifs revealed that motifs with adjacent acidic residues generally have fewer mutations, in contrast to phosphorylation sites near proline residues. p53 phosphorylation motifs are mostly disordered. However, human cancer mutations within phosphorylation motifs tend to decrease the disorder propensity. Our results suggest that combination of acidic residues Asp and Glu with phosphorylation sites provide charge redundancy which may safe guard against loss-of-function mutations, and that the natively disordered nature of p53 phosphorylation motifs may help reduce mutational damage. Our results further suggest that engineering acidic amino acids adjacent to potential phosphorylation sites could be a p53 gene therapy strategy.
Collapse
|
39
|
Tan DSP, Bedard PL, Kuruvilla J, Siu LL, Razak ARA. Promising SINEs for embargoing nuclear-cytoplasmic export as an anticancer strategy. Cancer Discov 2014; 4:527-37. [PMID: 24743138 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-13-1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In cancer cells, the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport machinery is frequently disrupted, resulting in mislocalization and loss of function for many key regulatory proteins. In this review, the mechanisms by which tumor cells co-opt the nuclear transport machinery to facilitate carcinogenesis, cell survival, drug resistance, and tumor progression will be elucidated, with a particular focus on the role of the nuclear-cytoplasmic export protein. The recent development of a new generation of selective inhibitors of nuclear export (XPO1 antagonists) and how these novel anticancer drugs may bring us closer to the implementation of this therapeutic strategy in the clinic will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S P Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu Y, Zhou H, Wu K, Lee S, Li R, Liu X. PTEN phosphorylation and nuclear export mediate free fatty acid-induced oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1382-95. [PMID: 24063548 PMCID: PMC3936505 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress induced by free fatty acids (FFA) contributes to metabolic syndrome-associated development of cardiovascular diseases, yet molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed at establishing whether phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and its subcellular location play a role in FFA-induced endothelial oxidative stress. RESULTS Exposing human endothelial cells (ECs) with FFA activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/S6K pathway, and upon activation, S6K directly phosphorylated PTEN at S380. Phosphorylation of PTEN increased its interaction with its deubiquitinase USP7 in the nucleus, leading to PTEN deubiquitination and nuclear export. The reduction of PTEN in the nucleus, in turn, decreased p53 acetylation and transcription, reduced the expression of the p53 target gene glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and endothelial damage. Finally, C57BL/6J mice fed with high-fat atherogenic diet (HFAD) showed PTEN nuclear export, decreased p53 and GPX1 protein expressions, elevated levels of ROS, and significant lesions in aortas. Importantly, inhibition of mTOR or S6K effectively blocked these effects, suggesting that mTOR/S6K pathway mediates HFAD-induced oxidative stress and vascular damage via PTEN/p53/GPX1 inhibition in vivo. INNOVATION Our study demonstrated for the first time that S6K directly phosphorylated PTEN at S380 under high FFA conditions, and this phosphorylation mediated FFA-induced endothelial oxidative stress. Furthermore, we showed that S380 phosphorylation affected PTEN monoubiquitination and nuclear localization, providing the first example of coordinated regulation of PTEN nuclear localization via phosphorylation and ubiquitination. CONCLUSION Our studies provide a novel mechanism by which hyperlipidemia causes vascular oxidative damage through the phosphorylation of PTEN, blocking of PTEN nuclear function, and inhibition of p53/GPX1 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, University of California , Riverside, California
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bao YY, Zhou SH, Fan J, Wang QY. Anticancer mechanism of apigenin and the implications of GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers. Future Oncol 2014; 9:1353-64. [PMID: 23980682 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a natural phytoestrogen flavonoid, has potential biological effects, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The mechanisms of anticancer activities of apigenin are unknown. Some studies have found that apigenin inhibits GLUT-1 mRNA and protein expression in cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that apigenin exerts similar effects on head and neck cancers through its inhibition of GLUT-1 expression. In this article, we review the anticancer mechanism of apigenin and the implications of GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers. In addition, we describe the current state of knowledge about the relationship between apigenin and GLUT-1 expression in head and neck cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wu Y, Lin JC, Piluso LG, Dhahbi JM, Bobadilla S, Spindler SR, Liu X. Phosphorylation of p53 by TAF1 inactivates p53-dependent transcription in the DNA damage response. Mol Cell 2013; 53:63-74. [PMID: 24289924 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
While p53 activation has long been studied, the mechanisms by which its targets genes are restored to their preactivation state are less clear. We report here that TAF1 phosphorylates p53 at Thr55, leading to dissociation of p53 from the p21 promoter and inactivation of transcription late in the DNA damage response. We further show that cellular ATP level might act as a molecular switch for Thr55 phosphorylation on the p21 promoter, indicating that TAF1 is a cellular ATP sensor. Upon DNA damage, cells undergo PARP-1-dependent ATP depletion, which is correlated with reduced TAF1 kinase activity and Thr55 phosphorylation, resulting in p21 activation. As cellular ATP levels recover, TAF1 is able to phosphorylate p53 on Thr55, which leads to dissociation of p53 from the p21 promoter. ChIP-sequencing analysis reveals p53 dissociates from promoters genome wide as cells recover from DNA damage, suggesting the general nature of this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joy C Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Landon G Piluso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Joseph M Dhahbi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Selene Bobadilla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Stephen R Spindler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Akagi I, Okayama H, Schetter AJ, Robles AI, Kohno T, Bowman ED, Kazandjian D, Welsh JA, Oue N, Saito M, Miyashita M, Uchida E, Takizawa T, Takenoshita S, Skaug V, Mollerup S, Haugen A, Yokota J, Harris CC. Combination of protein coding and noncoding gene expression as a robust prognostic classifier in stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3821-32. [PMID: 23639940 PMCID: PMC6503978 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prognostic tests for patients with early-stage lung cancer may provide needed guidance on postoperative surveillance and therapeutic decisions. We used a novel strategy to develop and validate a prognostic classifier for early-stage lung cancer. Specifically, we focused on 42 genes with roles in lung cancer or cancer prognosis. Expression of these biologically relevant genes and their association with relapse-free survival (RFS) were evaluated using microarray data from 148 patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma. Seven genes associated with RFS were further examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR in 291 lung adenocarcinoma tissues from Japan, the United States, and Norway. Only BRCA1, HIF1A, DLC1, and XPO1 were each significantly associated with prognosis in the Japan and US/Norway cohorts. A Cox regression-based classifier was developed using these four genes on the Japan cohort and validated in stage I lung adenocarcinoma from the US/Norway cohort and three publicly available lung adenocarcinoma expression profiling datasets. The results suggest that the classifier is robust across ethnically and geographically diverse populations regardless of the technology used to measure gene expression. We evaluated the combination of the four-gene classifier with miRNA miR-21 (MIR21) expression and found that the combination improved associations with prognosis, which were significant in stratified analyses on stage IA and stage IB patients. Thus, the four coding gene classifier, alone or with miR-21 expression, may provide a clinically useful tool to identify high-risk patients and guide recommendations regarding adjuvant therapy and postoperative surveillance of patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Akagi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Tokyo
| | - Hirokazu Okayama
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima
| | - Aaron J. Schetter
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ana I. Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Elise D. Bowman
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dickran Kazandjian
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Judith A. Welsh
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Motonobu Saito
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima
| | - Masao Miyashita
- Division of Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Tokyo
| | - Eiji Uchida
- Division of Surgery for Organ Function and Biological Regulation, Tokyo
| | - Toshihiro Takizawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima
| | - Vidar Skaug
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Chemical and Biological Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steen Mollerup
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Chemical and Biological Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aage Haugen
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Chemical and Biological Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jun Yokota
- Division of Multistep Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mutational and structural analysis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing. Blood 2013; 122:1256-65. [PMID: 23699601 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-483727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically heterogeneous cancer composed of at least 2 molecular subtypes that differ in gene expression and distribution of mutations. Recently, application of genome/exome sequencing and RNA-seq to DLBCL has revealed numerous genes that are recurrent targets of somatic point mutation in this disease. Here we provide a whole-genome-sequencing-based perspective of DLBCL mutational complexity by characterizing 40 de novo DLBCL cases and 13 DLBCL cell lines and combining these data with DNA copy number analysis and RNA-seq from an extended cohort of 96 cases. Our analysis identified widespread genomic rearrangements including evidence for chromothripsis as well as the presence of known and novel fusion transcripts. We uncovered new gene targets of recurrent somatic point mutations and genes that are targeted by focal somatic deletions in this disease. We highlight the recurrence of germinal center B-cell-restricted mutations affecting genes that encode the S1P receptor and 2 small GTPases (GNA13 and GNAI2) that together converge on regulation of B-cell homing. We further analyzed our data to approximate the relative temporal order in which some recurrent mutations were acquired and demonstrate that ongoing acquisition of mutations and intratumoral clonal heterogeneity are common features of DLBCL. This study further improves our understanding of the processes and pathways involved in lymphomagenesis, and some of the pathways mutated here may indicate new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
|
45
|
Rey C, Soubeyran I, Mahouche I, Pedeboscq S, Bessede A, Ichas F, De Giorgi F, Lartigue L. HIPK1 drives p53 activation to limit colorectal cancer cell growth. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1879-91. [PMID: 23676219 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HIPK1 (homeodomain interacting protein kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the CMGC superfamily. Emerging data point to the role of HIPK1 in cancer, but it is still not clear whether it acts as a tumor suppressor or promoter. Here we identified HIPK1 as a kinase that is significantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and whose expression is stage-dependent. Being abundantly expressed at the onset of the disease, the HIPK1 level gradually decreased as tumor stage progressed. To further uncover how this factor regulates tumorigenesis and establish whether it constitutes an early factor necessary for neoplastic transformation or for cellular defense, we studied the effect of its overexpression in vitro by investigating various cancer-related signaling cascades. We found that HIPK1 mostly regulates the p53 signaling pathway both in HCT116 and HeLa cells. By phosphorylating p53 on its serine-15, HIPK1 favored its transactivation potential, which led to a rise in p21 protein level and a decline in cell proliferation. Assuming that HIPK1 could impede CRC growth by turning on the p53/p21 pathway, we then checked p21 mRNA levels in patients. Interestingly, p21 transcripts were only increased in a subset of patients expressing high levels of HIPK1. Unlike the rest of the cohort, the majority of these patients hosted a native p53 protein, meaning that such a pro-survival pathway (HIPK1+ > p53 > p21) is active in patients, and that HIPK1 acts rather as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Rey
- INSERM U916, Institut Bergonié, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Blombery PA, Dickinson M, Westerman DA. Molecular lesions in B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders: recent contributions from studies utilizing high-throughput sequencing techniques. Leuk Lymphoma 2013; 55:19-30. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2013.792112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
47
|
Teramura T, Onodera Y, Takehara T, Frampton J, Matsuoka T, Ito S, Nakagawa K, Miki Y, Hosoi Y, Hamanishi C, Fukuda K. Induction of Functional Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Rabbit Embryonic Stem Cells by Exposure to Severe Hypoxic Conditions. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:309-29. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x653291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to be used as an unlimited cell source for cell transplantation therapy, as well as for studying mechanisms of disease and early mammalian development. However, applications involving ESCs have been limited by the lack of reliable differentiation methods in many cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also emerged as a promising cell source, but as suggested in recent studies, these cells display limited potential for proliferation and differentiation, thereby limiting their usefulness in the clinic and in the laboratory. Unfortunately, effective methods for induction of MSCs from pluripotent stem cells have not been established, and the development of such methods remains a major challenge facing stem cell biologists. Oxygen concentration is one of the most important factors regulating tissue development. It has profound effects on cell metabolism and physiology and can strongly influence stem cell fate. Here we demonstrate that severe low O2 concentrations (1%) can function as a selective pressure for removing undifferentiated pluripotent cells during the induction of MSCs from rabbit ESCs (rESCs) and that MSCs induced under severe hypoxic conditions function as normal MSCs; that is, they repopulate after cloning, express specific markers (vimentin, CD29, CD90, CD105, and CD140a) and differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these cells can contribute to cartilage regeneration in an in vivo rabbit model for joint cartilage injury. These results support the notion that exposing ESCs to severe hypoxic conditions during differentiation can be used as a strategy for the preparation of functional MSCs from ESCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Teramura
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Onodera
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - John Frampton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Toshiki Matsuoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - Syunsuke Ito
- Center for Developmental Biology, Riken, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Miki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hosoi
- Department of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hamanishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanji Fukuda
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gu Y, Wang H, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Qi L, Zhang Y, Wang C, Guo Z. Network analysis of genomic alteration profiles reveals co-altered functional modules and driver genes for glioblastoma. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:467-77. [PMID: 23344900 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25528f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of genetic alterations in human cancer genomes presents a major challenge to advancing our understanding of cancer mechanisms and identifying cancer driver genes. To tackle this heterogeneity problem, many approaches have been proposed to investigate genetic alterations and predict driver genes at the individual pathway level. However, most of these approaches ignore the correlation of alteration events between pathways and miss many genes with rare alterations collectively contributing to carcinogenesis. Here, we devise a network-based approach to capture the cooperative functional modules hidden in genome-wide somatic mutation and copy number alteration profiles of glioblastoma (GBM) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), where a module is a set of altered genes with dense interactions in the protein interaction network. We identify 7 pairs of significantly co-altered modules that involve the main pathways known to be altered in GBM (TP53, RB and RTK signaling pathways) and highlight the striking co-occurring alterations among these GBM pathways. By taking into account the non-random correlation of gene alterations, the property of co-alteration could distinguish oncogenic modules that contain driver genes involved in the progression of GBM. The collaboration among cancer pathways suggests that the redundant models and aggravating models could shed new light on the potential mechanisms during carcinogenesis and provide new indications for the design of cancer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Gu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Nguyen KT, Holloway MP, Altura RA. The CRM1 nuclear export protein in normal development and disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 3:137-151. [PMID: 22773955 PMCID: PMC3388738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CRM1 (Chromosomal Maintenance 1, also known as Exportin 1) is the major mammalian export protein that facilitates the transport of large macromolecules including RNA and protein across the nuclear membrane to the cytoplasm. The gene encoding CRM1 was originally identified in yeast as required to maintain higher order chromosome structure. In mammalian cells, CRM1 was found to bind several nuclear pore proteins hence its role in nuclear-cytosolic transport was discovered. In addition to nuclear-cytosolic transport, CRM1 also plays a role in centrosome duplication and spindle assembly, especially in response to DNA damage. The crystal structure of CRM1 suggests a complex protein that binds the Ran protein bound to GTP, allowing for a conformational change that facilitates binding to different cargo proteins through a nuclear export signal (NES). Included in the cadre of cargo are multiple tumor suppressor and oncoproteins as p53, BRCA1, Survivin, NPM, and APC, which function in the nucleus to regulate transcription or aid in chromosomal assembly and movement. An imbalance in the cytosolic level of these proteins has been observed in cancer cells, resulting in either inactivation (tumor suppressor) or an excess of anti-apoptotic activity (oncoprotein). Thus, the concept of inhibiting CRM1 has been explored as a potential therapeutic intervention. Indeed, inhibition of CRM1 by a variety of small molecules that interfere with cargo-NES binding results in cancer cell death. Whether all of these proteins together are responsible for this phenotype or whether specific proteins are required for this effect is unclear at this time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Hasbro Children's Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jenkins LMM, Durell SR, Mazur SJ, Appella E. p53 N-terminal phosphorylation: a defining layer of complex regulation. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1441-9. [PMID: 22505655 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a critical component of the cellular response to stress. As it can inhibit cell growth, p53 is mutated or functionally inactivated in most tumors. A multitude of protein-protein interactions with transcriptional cofactors are central to p53-dependent responses. In its activated state, p53 is extensively modified in both the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. These modifications, especially phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in the N-terminal transactivation domain, affect p53 stability and activity by modulating the affinity of protein-protein interactions. Here, we review recent findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of p53 N-terminal phosphorylation. These modifications can either positively or negatively affect p53 and add a second layer of complex regulation to the divergent interactions of the p53 transactivation domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Room 2140, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|