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Bień J, Pruszyńska-Oszmałek E, Kołodziejski P, Leciejewska N, Szczepankiewicz D, Sassek M. MOTS-c regulates pancreatic alpha and beta cell functions in vitro. Histochem Cell Biol 2024; 161:449-460. [PMID: 38430258 PMCID: PMC11162381 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the influence of the mitochondrial open-reading-frame of the twelve S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) peptide on pancreatic cell physiology. Moreover, in this study, we examined the changes in MOTS-c secretion and expression under different conditions. Our experiments were conducted using laboratory cell line cultures, specifically the INS-1E and αTC-1 cell lines, which represent β and α pancreatic cells, respectively. As the pancreas is an endocrine organ, we also tested its hormone regulation capabilities. Furthermore, we assessed the secretion of MOTS-c after incubating the cells with glucose and free fatty acids. Additionally, we examined key cell culture parameters such as cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. The results obtained from this study show that MOTS-c has a significant impact on the physiology of pancreatic cells. Specifically, it lowers insulin secretion and expression in INS-1E cells and enhances glucagon secretion and expression in αTC-1 cells. Furthermore, MOTS-c affects cell viability and apoptosis. Interestingly, insulin and glucagon affect the MOTS-c secretion as well as glucose and free fatty acids. These experiments clearly show that MOTS-c is an important regulator of pancreatic metabolism, and there are numerous properties of MOTS-c yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Bień
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Kołodziejski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Leciejewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dawid Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Sassek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Suzuki I, Xing H, Giblin J, Ashraf A, Chung EJ. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:895-913. [PMID: 38217313 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Although cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, there is a lack of therapies that target and revert underlying pathological processes. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of CVD, and thus is a potential target for therapeutic development. To target the mitochondria and improve therapeutic efficacy, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been proposed as promising strategies for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the mitochondria. This review will first discuss how mitochondrial dysfunction is related to the progression of several CVD and then delineate recent progress in mitochondrial targeting using nanoparticle-based delivery systems including peptide-based nanosystems, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles. In addition, we summarize the advantages of these nanocarriers and remaining challenges in targeting the mitochondria as a therapeutic strategy for CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Suzuki
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Huihua Xing
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua Giblin
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anisa Ashraf
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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3
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Ferreira T, Rodriguez S. Mitochondrial DNA: Inherent Complexities Relevant to Genetic Analyses. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:617. [PMID: 38790246 PMCID: PMC11121663 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exhibits distinct characteristics distinguishing it from the nuclear genome, necessitating specific analytical methods in genetic studies. This comprehensive review explores the complex role of mtDNA in a variety of genetic studies, including genome-wide, epigenome-wide, and phenome-wide association studies, with a focus on its implications for human traits and diseases. Here, we discuss the structure and gene-encoding properties of mtDNA, along with the influence of environmental factors and epigenetic modifications on its function and variability. Particularly significant are the challenges posed by mtDNA's high mutation rate, heteroplasmy, and copy number variations, and their impact on disease susceptibility and population genetic analyses. The review also highlights recent advances in methodological approaches that enhance our understanding of mtDNA associations, advocating for refined genetic research techniques that accommodate its complexities. By providing a comprehensive overview of the intricacies of mtDNA, this paper underscores the need for an integrated approach to genetic studies that considers the unique properties of mitochondrial genetics. Our findings aim to inform future research and encourage the development of innovative methodologies to better interpret the broad implications of mtDNA in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ferreira
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK
| | - Santiago Rodriguez
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UD, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
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4
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Pirhaghi M, Mamashli F, Moosavi-Movahedi F, Arghavani P, Amiri A, Davaeil B, Mohammad-Zaheri M, Mousavi-Jarrahi Z, Sharma D, Langel Ü, Otzen DE, Saboury AA. Cell-Penetrating Peptides: Promising Therapeutics and Drug-Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2097-2117. [PMID: 38440998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Currently, one of the most significant and rapidly growing unmet medical challenges is the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This challenge encompasses the imperative development of efficacious therapeutic agents and overcoming the intricacies of the blood-brain barrier for successful drug delivery. Here we focus on the delivery aspect with particular emphasis on cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), widely used in basic and translational research as they enhance drug delivery to challenging targets such as tissue and cellular compartments and thus increase therapeutic efficacy. The combination of CPPs with nanomaterials such as nanoparticles (NPs) improves the performance, accuracy, and stability of drug delivery and enables higher drug loads. Our review presents and discusses research that utilizes CPPs, either alone or in conjugation with NPs, to mitigate the pathogenic effects of neurodegenerative diseases with particular reference to AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Pirhaghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 6673145137, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mamashli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | | | - Payam Arghavani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Ahmad Amiri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Bagher Davaeil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Mahya Mohammad-Zaheri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi-Jarrahi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C 1592-224, Denmark
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran
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Al Khashali H, Ray R, Darweesh B, Wozniak C, Haddad B, Goel S, Seidu I, Khalil J, Lopo B, Murshed N, Guthrie J, Heyl D, Evans HG. Amyloid Beta Leads to Decreased Acetylcholine Levels and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Survival via a Mechanism That Involves p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Protein Kinase C in a p53-Dependent and -Independent Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5033. [PMID: 38732252 PMCID: PMC11084752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown an inverse correlation between the likelihood of developing a neurodegenerative disorder and cancer. We previously reported that the levels of amyloid beta (Aβ), at the center of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, are regulated by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we examined the effect of Aβ or its fragments on the levels of ACh in A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-null) NSCLC cell media. ACh levels were reduced by cell treatment with Aβ 1-42, Aβ 1-40, Aβ 1-28, and Aβ 25-35. AChE and p53 activities increased upon A549 cell treatment with Aβ, while knockdown of p53 in A549 cells increased ACh levels, decreased AChE activity, and diminished the Aβ effects. Aβ increased the ratio of phospho/total p38 MAPK and decreased the activity of PKC. Inhibiting p38 MAPK reduced the activity of p53 in A549 cells and increased ACh levels in the media of both cell lines, while opposite effects were found upon inhibiting PKC. ACh decreased the activity of p53 in A549 cells, decreased p38 MAPK activity, increased PKC activity, and diminished the effect of Aβ on those activities. Moreover, the negative effect of Aβ on cell viability was diminished by cell co-treatment with ACh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hedeel Guy Evans
- Chemistry Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA; (H.A.K.); (R.R.); (B.D.); (C.W.); (B.H.); (S.G.); (I.S.); (J.K.); (B.L.); (N.M.); (J.G.); (D.H.)
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Kim KH, Lee CB. Socialized mitochondria: mitonuclear crosstalk in stress. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1033-1042. [PMID: 38689084 PMCID: PMC11148012 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, mitochondria are considered sites of energy production. However, recent studies have suggested that mitochondria are signaling organelles that are involved in intracellular interactions with other organelles. Remarkably, stressed mitochondria appear to induce a beneficial response that restores mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis. These mitochondrial stress-centered signaling pathways have been rapidly elucidated in multiple organisms. In this review, we examine current perspectives on how mitochondria communicate with the rest of the cell, highlighting mitochondria-to-nucleus (mitonuclear) communication under various stresses. Our understanding of mitochondria as signaling organelles may provide new insights into disease susceptibility and lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 840 Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Korea.
| | - Cho Bi Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 840 Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Korea
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7
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Kelestemur MM, Bulut F, Bılgın B, Hekım MG, Adam M, Ozcan S, Beker MC, Kaya Tektemur N, Tekin S, Canpolat S, Ozcan M. Humanin's impact on pain markers and neuronal viability in diabetic neuropathy model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38599217 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2336922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the impact of chronic humanin (HN) treatment on pain-related markers (NMDA, substance P, TRPV1, and IL-1β) in diabetic mice's dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Additionally, we assess the effects of HN on cellular viability in DRG neurons. METHODS In vivo experiments involved 15 days of HN administration (4 mg/kg) to diabetic mice (n = 10). Protein levels of NMDA, IL-1β, TRPV1, and substance P were measured in diabetic DRG. In vitro experiments explored HN's impact on apoptosis and cellular viability, focusing on the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. RESULTS Humanin significantly reduced the elevated expression of NMDA, IL-1β, TRPV1, and substance P induced by diabetes (p < .05). Furthermore, HN treatment increased cellular viability in DRG neurons through JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation (p < .05). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the significance of understanding mitochondrial function and pain markers, as well as apoptosis in diabetes. The study provides insights for managing the condition and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferah Bulut
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bılgın
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Gaziantep Islam Science and Technology University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Munevver Gizem Hekım
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Adam
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sibel Ozcan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caglar Beker
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Medipol, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nalan Kaya Tektemur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Suat Tekin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sinan Canpolat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
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Miller B, Kim SJ, Cao K, Mehta HH, Thumaty N, Kumagai H, Iida T, McGill C, Pike CJ, Nurmakova K, Levine ZA, Sullivan PM, Yen K, Ertekin-Taner N, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Cohen P. Humanin variant P3S is associated with longevity in APOE4 carriers and resists APOE4-induced brain pathology. Aging Cell 2024:e14153. [PMID: 38520065 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The APOE4 allele is recognized as a significant genetic risk factor to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and influences longevity. Nonetheless, some APOE4 carriers exhibit resistance to AD even in advanced age. Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide comprising 24 amino acids, has variants linked to cognitive resilience and longevity. Our research uncovered a unique humanin variant, P3S, specifically enriched in centenarians with the APOE4 allele. Through in silico analyses and subsequent experimental validation, we demonstrated a strong affinity between humanin P3S and APOE4. Utilizing an APOE4-centric mouse model of amyloidosis (APP/PS1/APOE4), we observed that humanin P3S significantly attenuated brain amyloid-beta accumulation compared to the wild-type humanin. Transcriptomic assessments of mice treated with humanin P3S highlighted its potential mechanism involving the enhancement of amyloid beta phagocytosis. Additionally, in vitro studies corroborated humanin P3S's efficacy in promoting amyloid-beta clearance. Notably, in the temporal cortex of APOE4 carriers, humanin expression is correlated with genes associated with phagocytosis. Our findings suggest a role of the rare humanin variant P3S, especially prevalent among individuals of Ashkenazi descent, in mitigating amyloid beta pathology and facilitating phagocytosis in APOE4-linked amyloidosis, underscoring its significance in longevity and cognitive health among APOE4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Miller
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin Cao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neehar Thumaty
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kumagai
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tomomitsu Iida
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cassandra McGill
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kamila Nurmakova
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Zachary A Levine
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Patrick M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Ali M, Garcia P, Lunkes LP, Sciortino A, Thomas M, Heurtaux T, Grzyb K, Halder R, Coowar D, Skupin A, Buée L, Blum D, Buttini M, Glaab E. Single cell transcriptome analysis of the THY-Tau22 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease reveals sex-dependent dysregulations. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:119. [PMID: 38453894 PMCID: PMC10920792 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and pathology show pronounced sex differences, but the factors driving these remain poorly understood. To gain insights into early AD-associated molecular changes and their sex dependency for tau pathology in the cortex, we performed single-cell RNA-seq in the THY-Tau22 AD mouse model. By examining cell type-specific and cell type-agnostic AD-related gene activity changes and their sex-dimorphism for individual genes, pathways and cellular sub-networks, we identified both statistically significant alterations and interpreted the upstream mechanisms controlling them. Our results confirm several significant sex-dependent alterations in gene activity in the THY-Tau22 model mice compared to controls, with more pronounced alterations in females. Both changes shared across multiple cell types and cell type-specific changes were observed. The differential genes showed significant over-representation of known AD-relevant processes, such as pathways associated with neuronal differentiation, programmed cell death and inflammatory responses. Regulatory network analysis of these genes revealed upstream regulators that modulate many of the downstream targets with sex-dependent changes. Most key regulators have been previously implicated in AD, such as Egr1, Klf4, Chchd2, complement system genes, and myelin-associated glycoproteins. Comparing with similar data from the Tg2576 AD mouse model and human AD patients, we identified multiple genes with consistent, cell type-specific and sex-dependent alterations across all three datasets. These shared changes were particularly evident in the expression of myelin-associated genes such as Mbp and Plp1 in oligodendrocytes. In summary, we observed significant cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in the THY-Tau22 mouse model, with a strong over-representation of known AD-associated genes and processes. These include both sex-neutral and sex-specific patterns, characterized by consistent shifts in upstream master regulators and downstream target genes. Collectively, these findings provide insights into mechanisms influencing sex-specific susceptibility to AD and reveal key regulatory proteins that could be targeted for developing treatments addressing sex-dependent AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Laetitia P Lunkes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alessia Sciortino
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Melanie Thomas
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, 8 avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology, L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Djalil Coowar
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Luc Buée
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172 Lille Neuroscience & Cognition (LilNCog), Lille, France
- Alzheimer and Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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10
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Chen L, Yang X, Wang K, Guo L, Zou C. Humanin inhibits lymphatic endothelial cells dysfunction to alleviate myocardial infarction-reperfusion injury via BNIP3-mediated mitophagy. Free Radic Res 2024; 58:180-193. [PMID: 38535980 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2333074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) ranks among the top contributors to sudden death and disability worldwide. It should be noted that current therapies always cause increased reperfusion damage. Evidence suggests that humanin (HN) reduces mitochondrial dysfunction to have cardio-protective effects against MI-reperfusion injury. In this context, we hypothesized that HN may attenuate MI-reperfusion injury by alleviating lymphatic endothelial cells dysfunction through the regulation of mitophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, primary lymphatic endothelial cells were selected as the experimental model. Cells were maintained under 1% O2 to induce a hypoxic phenotype. For in vivo experiments, the left coronary arteries of C57/BL6 mice were clamped for 45 min followed by 24 h reperfusion to develop MI-reperfusion injury. The volume of infarcted myocardium in MI-reperfusion injury mouse models were TTC staining. PCR and western blot were used to quantify the expression of autophagy-, mitophagy- and mitochondria-related markers. The fibrosis and apoptosis in the ischemic area were evaluated for Masson staining and TUNEL respectively. We also used western blot to analyze the expression of VE-Cadherin in lymphatic endothelial cells. RESULTS We firstly exhibited a specific mechanism by which HN mitigates MI-reperfusion injury. We demonstrated that HN effectively reduces such injury in vivo and also inhibits dysfunction in lymphatic endothelial cells in vitro. Importantly, this inhibitory effect is mediated through BNIP3-associated mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, HN alleviates myocardial infarction-reperfusion injury by inhibiting lymphatic endothelial cells dysfunction, primarily through BNIP3-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Guo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Zou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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11
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Atakan MM, Türkel İ, Özerkliğ B, Koşar ŞN, Taylor DF, Yan X, Bishop DJ. Small peptides: could they have a big role in metabolism and the response to exercise? J Physiol 2024; 602:545-568. [PMID: 38196325 DOI: 10.1113/jp283214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is a powerful non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment and prevention of numerous chronic diseases. Contracting skeletal muscles provoke widespread perturbations in numerous cells, tissues and organs, which stimulate multiple integrated adaptations that ultimately contribute to the many health benefits associated with regular exercise. Despite much research, the molecular mechanisms driving such changes are not completely resolved. Technological advancements beginning in the early 1960s have opened new avenues to explore the mechanisms responsible for the many beneficial adaptations to exercise. This has led to increased research into the role of small peptides (<100 amino acids) and mitochondrially derived peptides in metabolism and disease, including those coded within small open reading frames (sORFs; coding sequences that encode small peptides). Recently, it has been hypothesized that sORF-encoded mitochondrially derived peptides and other small peptides play significant roles as exercise-sensitive peptides in exercise-induced physiological adaptation. In this review, we highlight the discovery of mitochondrially derived peptides and newly discovered small peptides involved in metabolism, with a specific emphasis on their functions in exercise-induced adaptations and the prevention of metabolic diseases. In light of the few studies available, we also present data on how both single exercise sessions and exercise training affect expression of sORF-encoded mitochondrially derived peptides. Finally, we outline numerous research questions that await investigation regarding the roles of mitochondrially derived peptides in metabolism and prevention of various diseases, in addition to their roles in exercise-induced physiological adaptations, for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed M Atakan
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - İbrahim Türkel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Özerkliğ
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran N Koşar
- Division of Exercise Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dale F Taylor
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Huang J, Feng Q, Zou L, Liu Y, Bao M, Xia W, Zhu C. [Gly14]-humanin exerts a protective effect against D-galactose-induced primary ovarian insufficiency in mice. Reprod Biomed Online 2024; 48:103330. [PMID: 38163419 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2023.103330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is there a protective effect of the humanin derivative [Gly14]-humanin (HNG) on a D-gal-induced mouse model of primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), and what is the underlying mechanism? DESIGN D-gal (200 mg/kg/day) was injected subcutaneously for 6 weeks to induce the mouse POI model. Mice treated with HNG were injected intraperitoneally with different concentrations for 6 weeks. Ovarian morphology, function, levels of sex hormones and states of oxidative stress in the ovary and body were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with the D-gal group, 10 mg/kg HNG improved the abnormal ovarian morphology and oestrous cycle (P = 0.0036), increased the number of ovarian follicles (P = 0.0016) and litters (P = 0.0127), and increased the levels of oestrogen (P = 0.0043) and AMH (P = 0.0147). Antioxidant indicators in the ovaries and serum of mice, including total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0032, respectively), catalase (P = 0.0173 and P = 0.0103, respectively) and glutathione (both P < 0.0001) were significantly increased. The oxidation indicator malondialdehyde decreased significantly (all P < 0.01). Apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells was significantly reduced (P = 0.0140) as was the expression of senescence-related proteins p53, p21 and p16 (all P < 0.01). The level of autophagy in ovarian tissue of mice treated with high increased (significantly increased LC3 protein [P < 0.0001] and significantly reduced p62 protein [P = 0.0007]). CONCLUSIONS HNG inhibited D-gal-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and ovarian damage, promoting ovarian autophagy. HNG may be a potential prophylactic agent against POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Bao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China..
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China..
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13
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Min SH, Kang GM, Park JW, Kim MS. Beneficial Effects of Low-Grade Mitochondrial Stress on Metabolic Diseases and Aging. Yonsei Med J 2024; 65:55-69. [PMID: 38288646 PMCID: PMC10827639 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria function as platforms for bioenergetics, nutrient metabolism, intracellular signaling, innate immunity regulators, and modulators of stem cell activity. Thus, the decline in mitochondrial functions causes or correlates with diabetes mellitus and many aging-related diseases. Upon stress or damage, the mitochondria elicit a series of adaptive responses to overcome stress and restore their structural integrity and functional homeostasis. These adaptive responses to low-level or transient mitochondrial stress promote health and resilience to upcoming stress. Beneficial effects of low-grade mitochondrial stress, termed mitohormesis, have been observed in various organisms, including mammals. Accumulated evidence indicates that treatments boosting mitohormesis have therapeutic potential in various human diseases accompanied by mitochondrial stress. Here, we review multiple cellular signaling pathways and interorgan communication mechanisms through which mitochondrial stress leads to advantageous outcomes. We also discuss the relevance of mitohormesis in obesity, diabetes, metabolic liver disease, aging, and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hee Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gil Myoung Kang
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Park
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.
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14
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Ali M, Huarte OU, Heurtaux T, Garcia P, Rodriguez BP, Grzyb K, Halder R, Skupin A, Buttini M, Glaab E. Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling and Gene Regulatory Network Modeling in Tg2576 Mice Reveal Gender-Dependent Molecular Features Preceding Alzheimer-Like Pathologies. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:541-566. [PMID: 35980567 PMCID: PMC10861719 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset and progression is influenced by a complex interplay of several environmental and genetic factors, one of them gender. Pronounced gender differences have been observed both in the relative risk of developing AD and in clinical disease manifestations. A molecular level understanding of these gender disparities is still missing, but could provide important clues on cellular mechanisms modulating the disease and reveal new targets for gender-oriented disease-modifying precision therapies. We therefore present here a comprehensive single-cell analysis of disease-associated molecular gender differences in transcriptomics data from the neocortex, one of the brain regions most susceptible to AD, in one of the most widely used AD mouse models, the Tg2576 model. Cortical areas are also most commonly used in studies of post-mortem AD brains. To identify disease-linked molecular processes that occur before the onset of detectable neuropathology, we focused our analyses on an age with no detectable plaques and microgliosis. Cell-type specific alterations were investigated at the level of individual genes, pathways, and gene regulatory networks. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was not large enough to build context-specific gene regulatory networks for each individual cell type, and thus, we focused on the study of cell types with dominant changes and included analyses of changes across the combination of cell types. We observed significant disease-associated gender differences in cellular processes related to synapse organization and reactive oxygen species metabolism, and identified a limited set of transcription factors, including Egr1 and Klf6, as key regulators of many of the disease-associated and gender-dependent gene expression changes in the model. Overall, our analyses revealed significant cell-type specific gene expression changes in individual genes, pathways and sub-networks, including gender-specific and gender-dimorphic changes in both upstream transcription factors and their downstream targets, in the Tg2576 AD model before the onset of overt disease. This opens a window into molecular events that could determine gender-susceptibility to AD, and uncovers tractable target candidates for potential gender-specific precision medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, 6200, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, L‑4362, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Garcia
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Beatriz Pardo Rodriguez
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- University of the Basque Country, Cell Biology and Histology Department, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Kamil Grzyb
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rashi Halder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 162a av. de la Faïencerie, 1511, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Manuel Buttini
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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15
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Kal S, Mahata S, Jati S, Mahata SK. Mitochondrial-derived peptides: Antidiabetic functions and evolutionary perspectives. Peptides 2024; 172:171147. [PMID: 38160808 PMCID: PMC10838678 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are a novel class of bioactive microproteins encoded by short open-reading frames (sORF) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Currently, three types of MDPs have been identified: Humanin (HN), MOTS-c (Mitochondrial ORF within Twelve S rRNA type-c), and SHLP1-6 (small Humanin-like peptide, 1 to 6). The 12 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR1) gene harbors the sequence for MOTS-c, whereas HN and SHLP1-6 are encoded by the 16 S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. Special genetic codes are used in mtDNA as compared to nuclear DNA: (i) ATA and ATT are used as start codons in addition to the standard start codon ATG; (ii) AGA and AGG are used as stop codons instead of coding for arginine; (iii) the standard stop codon UGA is used to code for tryptophan. While HN, SHLP6, and MOTS-c are encoded by the H (heavy owing to high guanine + thymine base composition)-strand of the mtDNA, SHLP1-5 are encoded by the L (light owing to less guanine + thymine base composition)-strand. MDPs attenuate disease pathology including Type 1 diabetes (T1D), Type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes, Alzheimer's disease (AD), cardiovascular diseases, prostate cancer, and macular degeneration. The current review will focus on the MDP regulation of T2D, T1D, and gestational diabetes along with an emphasis on the evolutionary pressures for conservation of the amino acid sequences of MDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satadeepa Kal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sumana Mahata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, CA, USA
| | - Suborno Jati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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16
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Esser L, Xia D. Mitochondrial Cytochrome bc1 Complex as Validated Drug Target: A Structural Perspective. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:39. [PMID: 38393128 PMCID: PMC10892539 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex III, also known as cytochrome bc1 complex or cyt bc1, is a validated target not only for antibiotics but also for pesticides and anti-parasitic drugs. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of cyt bc1 function and inhibition by using various natural and synthetic compounds, important issues remain in overcoming drug resistance in agriculture and in evading cytotoxicity in medicine. In this review, we look at these issues from a structural perspective. After a brief description of the essential and common structural features, we point out the differences among various cyt bc1 complexes of different organisms, whose structures have been determined to atomic resolution. We use a few examples of cyt bc1 structures determined via bound inhibitors to illustrate both conformational changes observed and implications to the Q-cycle mechanism of cyt bc1 function. These structures not only offer views of atomic interactions between cyt bc1 complexes and inhibitors, but they also provide explanations for drug resistance when structural details are coupled to sequence changes. Examples are provided for exploiting structural differences in evolutionarily conserved enzymes to develop antifungal drugs for selectivity enhancement, which offer a unique perspective on differential interactions that can be exploited to overcome cytotoxicity in treating human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Di Xia
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Room 2122C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Butenko A, Lukeš J, Speijer D, Wideman JG. Mitochondrial genomes revisited: why do different lineages retain different genes? BMC Biol 2024; 22:15. [PMID: 38273274 PMCID: PMC10809612 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria contain their own genome derived from an alphaproteobacterial endosymbiont. From thousands of protein-coding genes originally encoded by their ancestor, only between 1 and about 70 are encoded on extant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes). Thanks to a dramatically increasing number of sequenced and annotated mitogenomes a coherent picture of why some genes were lost, or relocated to the nucleus, is emerging. In this review, we describe the characteristics of mitochondria-to-nucleus gene transfer and the resulting varied content of mitogenomes across eukaryotes. We introduce a 'burst-upon-drift' model to best explain nuclear-mitochondrial population genetics with flares of transfer due to genetic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhelika Butenko
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Dave Speijer
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeremy G Wideman
- Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, Biodesign Institute, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA.
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18
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Zhao Y, Mäkitie O, Laakso S, Fedosova V, Sävendahl L, Zaman F. A novel link between chronic inflammation and humanin regulation in children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1142310. [PMID: 38322155 PMCID: PMC10844658 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often suffer from poor bone growth and impaired bone health. Humanin is a cytoprotective factor expressed in bone and other tissues and we hypothesized that humanin levels are suppressed in conditions of chronic inflammation. To address this, humanin levels were analyzed in serum samples from IBD patients and in ex vivo cultured human growth plate tissue specimens exposed to IBD serum or TNF alone. Methods Humanin levels were measured by ELISA in serum from 40 children with IBD and 40 age-matched healthy controls. Growth plate specimens obtained from children undergoing epiphysiodesis surgery were cultured ex vivo for 48 hours while being exposed to IBD serum or TNF alone. The growth plate samples were then processed for immunohistochemistry staining for humanin, PCNA, SOX9 and TRAF2 expression. Dose-response effect of TNF was studied in the human chondrocytic cell line HCS-2/8. Ex vivo cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones were used to investigate the therapeutic effect of humanin. Results Serum humanin levels were significantly decreased in children with IBD compared to healthy controls. When human growth plate specimens were cultured with IBD serum, humanin expression was significantly suppressed in the growth plate cartilage. When cultured with TNF alone, the expression of humanin, PCNA, SOX9, and TRAF2 were all significantly decreased in the growth plate cartilage. Interestingly, treatment with the humanin analog HNG prevented TNF-induced bone growth impairment in cultured metatarsal bones. Conclusion Our data showing suppressed serum humanin levels in IBD children with poor bone health provides the first evidence for a potential link between chronic inflammation and humanin regulation. Such a link is further supported by the novel finding that serum from IBD patients suppressed humanin expression in ex vivo cultured human growth plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Zhao
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saila Laakso
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vera Fedosova
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Sävendahl
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Farasat Zaman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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19
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Velentza L, Wickström M, Kogner P, Ohlsson C, Zaman F, Sävendahl L. Humanin Treatment Protects Against Venetoclax-Induced Bone Growth Retardation in Ex Vivo Cultured Rat Bones. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvae009. [PMID: 38328478 PMCID: PMC10848303 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Recent preclinical studies reported that the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax can impair bone growth. A strategy to prevent such a side effect of this promising anticancer drug is highly desired. Earlier in vitro and in vivo studies suggested that the mitochondrial peptide humanin has the potential to prevent drug-induced growth impairment. Objective We hypothesized that co-treatment with the humanin analog HNG may prevent venetoclax-induced bone growth impairment. Methods Ex vivo studies were performed in fetal rat metatarsal bones and human growth plate samples cultured for 12 and 2 days, respectively, while in vivo studies were performed in young neuroblastoma mice being treated daily for 14 days. The treatment groups included venetoclax, HNG, venetoclax plus HNG, or vehicle. Bone growth was continuously monitored and at the end point, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in fixed tissues. Results Venetoclax suppressed metatarsal bone growth and when combined with HNG, bone growth was rescued and all histological parameters affected by venetoclax monotherapy were normalized. Mechanistic studies showed that HNG downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and p53 in cultured metatarsals and human growth plate tissues, respectively. The study in a neuroblastoma mouse model confirmed a growth-suppressive effect of venetoclax treatment. In this short-term in vivo study, no significant bone growth-rescuing effect could be verified when testing HNG at a single dose. We conclude that humanin dose-dependently protects ex vivo cultured metatarsal bones from venetoclax-induced bone growth impairment by restoring the growth plate microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Velentza
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Wickström
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Division of Pediatric Oncology and Surgery, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Farasat Zaman
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Sävendahl
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Blatkiewicz M, Szyszka M, Olechnowicz A, Kamiński K, Jopek K, Komarowska H, Tyczewska M, Klimont A, Wierzbicki T, Karczewski M, Ruchała M, Rucinski M. Impaired Expression of Humanin during Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1038. [PMID: 38256114 PMCID: PMC10816135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) has provided a new perspective on mitochondrial function. MDPs encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can act as hormone-like peptides, influencing cell survival and proliferation. Among these peptides, humanin has been identified as a crucial factor for maintaining cell survival and preventing cell death under various conditions. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that results from adrenal hormone dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate humanin expression in the adrenal tissue and serum of patients with ACC. For the first time, our study revealed significant reduction in the mRNA expression of humanin in patients with ACC compared to healthy controls. However, no significant changes were observed in the serum humanin levels. Interestingly, we identified a positive correlation between patient age and serum humanin levels and a negative correlation between tumor size and LDL levels. While the impaired expression of humanin in patients with ACC may be attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction, an alternative explanation could be related to diminished mitochondrial copy number. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the intricate relationship among humanin, mitochondrial function, and ACC pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Blatkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Anna Olechnowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Kamiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karol Jopek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
| | - Hanna Komarowska
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland; (H.K.); (A.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Góra, Licealna Street 9, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Anna Klimont
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland; (H.K.); (A.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Tomasz Wierzbicki
- Department of General, Endocrinological and Gastroenterological Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Karczewski
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Ruchała
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-356 Poznan, Poland; (H.K.); (A.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.R.)
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21
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Peng M, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yi Z, Li S, Wan C. Identified Small Open Reading Frame-Encoded Peptides in Human Serum with Nanoparticle Protein Coronas. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:368-376. [PMID: 38006349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWP) in serum and plasma are related to various human diseases and can be valuable biomarkers. A small open reading frame-encoded peptide (SEP) is one kind of LMWP, which has been found to function in many bioprocesses and has also been found in human blood, making it a potential biomarker. The detection of LMWP by a mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic assay is often inhibited by the wide dynamic range of serum/plasma protein abundance. Nanoparticle protein coronas are a newly emerging protein enrichment method. To analyze SEPs in human serum, we have developed a protocol integrated with nanoparticle protein coronas and liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS. With three nanoparticles, TiO2, Fe3O4@SiO2, and Fe3O4@SiO2@TiO2, we identified 164 new SEPs in the human serum sample. Fe3O4@SiO2 and a nanoparticle mixture obtained the maximum number and the largest proportion of identified SEPs, respectively. Compared with acetonitrile-based extraction, nanoparticle protein coronas can cover more small proteins and SEPs. The magnetic nanoparticle is also fit for high-throughput parallel protein separation before LC/MS. This method is fast, efficient, reproducible, and easy to operate in 96-well plates and centrifuge tubes, which will benefit the research on SEPs and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Peng
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutian Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi Yi
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Li
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
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22
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Baker ZN, Forny P, Pagliarini DJ. Mitochondrial proteome research: the road ahead. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:65-82. [PMID: 37773518 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles with key roles in anabolic and catabolic metabolism, bioenergetics, cellular signalling and nutrient sensing, and programmed cell death processes. Their diverse functions are enabled by a sophisticated set of protein components encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. This began to change 20 years ago when, driven by the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the first draft mitochondrial proteomes were established. In the ensuing decades, further technological and computational advances helped to refine these 'maps', with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. The creation of these compendia provided a systemic view of an organelle previously studied primarily in a reductionist fashion and has accelerated both basic scientific discovery and the diagnosis and treatment of human disease. Yet numerous challenges remain in understanding mitochondrial biology and translating this knowledge into the medical context. In this Roadmap, we propose a path forward for refining the mitochondrial protein map to enhance its discovery and therapeutic potential. We discuss how emerging technologies can assist the detection of new mitochondrial proteins, reveal their patterns of expression across diverse tissues and cell types, and provide key information on proteoforms. We highlight the power of an enhanced map for systematically defining the functions of its members. Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for aiding both diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and targeting of mitochondria for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakery N Baker
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Forny
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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23
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Karachaliou CE, Livaniou E. Neuroprotective Action of Humanin and Humanin Analogues: Research Findings and Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1534. [PMID: 38132360 PMCID: PMC10740898 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Humanin is a 24-mer peptide first reported in the early 2000s as a new neuroprotective/cytoprotective factor rescuing neuronal cells from death induced by various Alzheimer's disease-associated insults. Nowadays it is known that humanin belongs to the novel class of the so-called mitochondrial-derived peptides (which are encoded by mitochondrial DNA) and has been shown to exert beneficial cytoprotective effects in a series of in vitro and/or in vivo experimental models of human diseases, including not only neurodegenerative disorders but other human diseases as well (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes mellitus). This review article is focused on the presentation of recent in vitro and in vivo research results associated with the neuroprotective action of humanin as well as of various, mainly synthetic, analogues of the peptide; moreover, the main mode(s)/mechanism(s) through which humanin and humanin analogues may exert in vitro and in vivo regarding neuroprotection have been reported. The prospects of humanin and humanin analogues to be further investigated in the frame of future research endeavors against neurodegenerative/neural diseases have also been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece;
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24
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Lu Y, Ran Y, Li H, Wen J, Cui X, Zhang X, Guan X, Cheng M. Micropeptides: origins, identification, and potential role in metabolism-related diseases. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:1106-1122. [PMID: 38057268 PMCID: PMC10710913 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern sequencing techniques and bioinformatics, genomes that were once thought to be noncoding have been found to encode abundant functional micropeptides (miPs), a kind of small polypeptides. Although miPs are difficult to analyze and identify, a number of studies have begun to focus on them. More and more miPs have been revealed as essential for energy metabolism homeostasis, immune regulation, and tumor growth and development. Many reports have shown that miPs are especially essential for regulating glucose and lipid metabolism and regulating mitochondrial function. MiPs are also involved in the progression of related diseases. This paper reviews the sources and identification of miPs, as well as the functional significance of miPs for metabolism-related diseases, with the aim of revealing their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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25
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Zou L, Huang J, Zhang Q, Mo H, Xia W, Zhu C, Rao M. The humanin analogue (HNG) alleviates intrauterine adhesions by inhibiting endometrial epithelial cells ferroptosis: a rat model-based study. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:2422-2432. [PMID: 37814907 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does a humanin analogue (HNG) have a therapeutic effect on intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) caused by uterine cavity surgery in a rat model? SUMMARY ANSWER HNG supplementation attenuated the development of endometrial fibrosis and IUAs, improved fertility, and contributed to the regulation of endometrial fibrosis by inhibiting endometrial ferroptosis in rats with IUAs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY IUAs, which are characterized by endometrial fibrosis, are a common cause of female infertility. Humanin (rattin in rats) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide that is widely expressed in multiple tissues. S14G-humanin (HNG) is an HNG that has been reported to have a protective effect against myocardial fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Endometrial tissues from three patients with IUAs and three controls were tested for humanin expression. Two animal models were used to evaluate the modelling effect of IUAs and the preventive effect of HNG against IUAs. In the first model, 40 rats were equally randomized to control and Day 7, 14, and 21 groups to establish the IUA model. In the second model, 66 rats were equally randomized to the control, IUA, and IUA + humanin analogue (HNG) groups. Erastin was used to induce ferroptosis in the Ishikawa cell line. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The endometrium was scraped with a surgical spatula, combined with lipopolysaccharide treatment, to establish the rat model of IUAs. Rats were intraperitoneally injected with 5 mg/kg/day HNG for 21 consecutive days beginning from the day of operation to evaluate the therapeutic effect on IUAs. Haematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining were used to assess endometrial morphology and evaluate fibrosis. Ferroptosis-related markers, namely nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), haeme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and ferritin, were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blotting to determine whether ferroptosis was involved in the development of IUAs and to assess the attenuative effect of HNG on ferroptosis. Additionally, the female rats were mated with male rats with normal fertility to assess fertility. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Humanin was widely expressed in endometrial cells, including epithelial and stromal cells, in both humans and rats. Humanin expression levels were downregulated in the endometria of patients and rats with IUAs relative to the endometria of controls. Endometrial thickness and the number of glands were significantly decreased on Day 7, 14, and 21 after endometrial scraping when compared with the controls (all P < 0.05), whereas the fibrotic area was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Among the tested ferroptosis markers, the expression levels of Nrf2, SLC7A11, and GPX4 were significantly downregulated and those of ACSL4, HO-1, and ferritin were significantly upregulated after endometrial scraping relative to their expression levels in controls (all P < 0.05). The mating rates in the control, IUA, and IUA + HNG groups were 100% (10/10), 40% (4/10), and 80% (8/10), respectively. The number of embryos in rats with IUAs (mean ± SD: 1.6 ± 2.1) was significantly less than the number in the controls (11.8 ± 1.5). HNG supplementation significantly attenuated this decrease in the number of implanted embryos (6.3 ± 4.5) (P < 0.01). Further results showed that HNG significantly attenuated the altered expression levels of proteins involved in ferroptosis in the endometria of rats with IUAs. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that HNG significantly attenuated the erastin-induced decrease in the viability of the Ishikawa cell line and also attenuated the increase in reactive oxygen species production and the downregulation of GPX4. LARGE SCALE DATA None. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The findings of this study showed that HNG inhibited ferroptosis and reduced fibrosis in a rat model of IUAs. However, we could not establish a causal relationship between ferroptosis and the development of IUAs. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS HNG may be effective at alleviating fibrosis during the development of IUAs, and the inhibition of ferroptosis is a promising new strategy for IUA therapy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82171647); the '1000 Talent Plan' of Yunnan Province (No. RLQN20200001); and the Basic Research Project of the Yunnan Province-Outstanding Youth Foundation (No. 202101AW070018). The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Mo
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhong Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Rao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Sahgal A, Uversky V, Davé V. Microproteins transitioning into a new Phase: Defining the undefined. Methods 2023; 220:38-54. [PMID: 37890707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in omics technologies have unveiled a hitherto unknown group of short polypeptides called microproteins (miPs). Despite their size, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that miPs exert varied and potent biological functions. They act in paracrine, juxtracrine, and endocrine fashion, maintaining cellular physiology and driving diseases. The present study focuses on biochemical and biophysical analysis and characterization of twenty-four human miPs using distinct computational methods, including RIDAO, AlphaFold2, D2P2, FuzDrop, STRING, and Emboss Pep wheel. miPs often lack well-defined tertiary structures and may harbor intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) that play pivotal roles in cellular functions. Our analyses define the physicochemical properties of an essential subset of miPs, elucidating their structural characteristics and demonstrating their propensity for driving or participating in liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and intracellular condensate formation. Notably, miPs such as NoBody and pTUNAR revealed a high propensity for LLPS, implicating their potential involvement in forming membrane-less organelles (MLOs) during intracellular LLPS and condensate formation. The results of our study indicate that miPs have functionally profound implications in cellular compartmentalization and signaling processes essential for regulating normal cellular functions. Taken together, our methodological approach explains and highlights the biological importance of these miPs, providing a deeper understanding of the unusual structural landscape and functionality of these newly defined small proteins. Understanding their functions and biological behavior will aid in developing targeted therapies for diseases that involve miPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Sahgal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Biotechnology Graduate Program, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Vladimir Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Vrushank Davé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Biotechnology Graduate Program, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States; Department of Oncologic Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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27
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Mohsen JJ, Martel AA, Slavoff SA. Microproteins-Discovery, structure, and function. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100211. [PMID: 37603371 PMCID: PMC10841188 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Advances in proteogenomic technologies have revealed hundreds to thousands of translated small open reading frames (sORFs) that encode microproteins in genomes across evolutionary space. While many microproteins have now been shown to play critical roles in biology and human disease, a majority of recently identified microproteins have little or no experimental evidence regarding their functionality. Computational tools have some limitations for analysis of short, poorly conserved microprotein sequences, so additional approaches are needed to determine the role of each member of this recently discovered polypeptide class. A currently underexplored avenue in the study of microproteins is structure prediction and determination, which delivers a depth of functional information. In this review, we provide a brief overview of microprotein discovery methods, then examine examples of microprotein structures (and, conversely, intrinsic disorder) that have been experimentally determined using crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, and NMR, which provide insight into their molecular functions and mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss examples of predicted microprotein structures that have provided insight or context regarding their function. Analysis of microprotein structure at the angstrom level, and confirmation of predicted structures, therefore, has potential to identify translated microproteins that are of biological importance and to provide molecular mechanism for their in vivo roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alina A. Martel
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah A. Slavoff
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Institute of Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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28
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Sziraki A, Lu Z, Lee J, Banyai G, Anderson S, Abdulraouf A, Metzner E, Liao A, Banfelder J, Epstein A, Schaefer C, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Gan L, Nelson PT, Zhou W, Cao J. A global view of aging and Alzheimer's pathogenesis-associated cell population dynamics and molecular signatures in human and mouse brains. Nat Genet 2023; 55:2104-2116. [PMID: 38036784 PMCID: PMC10703679 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01572-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Conventional methods fall short in unraveling the dynamics of rare cell types related to aging and diseases. Here we introduce EasySci, an advanced single-cell combinatorial indexing strategy for exploring age-dependent cellular dynamics in the mammalian brain. Profiling approximately 1.5 million single-cell transcriptomes and 400,000 chromatin accessibility profiles across diverse mouse brains, we identified over 300 cell subtypes, uncovering their molecular characteristics and spatial locations. This comprehensive view elucidates rare cell types expanded or depleted upon aging. We also investigated cell-type-specific responses to genetic alterations linked to Alzheimer's disease, identifying associated rare cell types. Additionally, by profiling 118,240 human brain single-cell transcriptomes, we discerned cell- and region-specific transcriptomic changes tied to Alzheimer's pathogenesis. In conclusion, this research offers a valuable resource for probing cell-type-specific dynamics in both normal and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Sziraki
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ziyu Lu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabor Banyai
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonya Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Abdulraouf Abdulraouf
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eli Metzner
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Liao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Banfelder
- High Performance Computing Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Epstein
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Schaefer
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zihan Xu
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zehao Zhang
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The David Rockefeller Graduate Program in Bioscience, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Junyue Cao
- Laboratory of Single Cell Genomics and Population Dynamics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Li Y, Li Z, Ren Y, Lei Y, Yang S, Shi Y, Peng H, Yang W, Guo T, Yu Y, Xiong Y. Mitochondrial-derived peptides in cardiovascular disease: Novel insights and therapeutic opportunities. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00357-0. [PMID: 38008175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) represent a recently discovered family of peptides encoded by short open reading frames (ORFs) found within mitochondrial genes. This group includes notable members including humanin (HN), mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rDNA type-c (MOTS-c), and small humanin-like peptides 1-6 (SHLP1-6). MDPs assume pivotal roles in the regulation of diverse cellular processes, encompassing apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which are all essential for sustaining cellular viability and normal physiological functions. Their emerging significance extends beyond this, prompting a deeper exploration into their multifaceted roles and potential applications. AIM OF REVIEW This review aims to comprehensively explore the biogenesis, various types, and diverse functions of MDPs. It seeks to elucidate the central roles and underlying mechanisms by which MDPs participate in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), bridging the connections between cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the review highlights recent advancements in clinical research related to the utilization of MDPs in CVD diagnosis and treatment. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW MDPs levels are diminished with aging and in the presence of CVDs, rendering them potential new indicators for the diagnosis of CVDs. Also, MDPs may represent a novel and promising strategy for CVD therapy. In this review, we delve into the biogenesis, various types, and diverse functions of MDPs. We aim to shed light on the pivotal roles and the underlying mechanisms through which MDPs contribute to the onset and advancement of CVDs connecting cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We also provide insights into the current advancements in clinical research related to the utilization of MDPs in the treatment of CVDs. This review may provide valuable information with MDPs for CVD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhuozhuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ying Lei
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Silong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yuqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Han Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tiantian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, PR China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, 710018 Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Whitney K, Song WM, Sharma A, Dangoor DK, Farrell K, Krassner MM, Ressler HW, Christie TD, Walker RH, Nirenberg MJ, Zhang B, Frucht SJ, Riboldi GM, Crary JF, Pereira AC. Single-cell transcriptomic and neuropathologic analysis reveals dysregulation of the integrated stress response in progressive supranuclear palsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567587. [PMID: 38014079 PMCID: PMC10680842 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a sporadic neurodegenerative tauopathy variably affecting brainstem and cortical structures and characterized by tau inclusions in neurons and glia. The precise mechanism whereby these protein aggregates lead to cell death remains unclear. To investigate the contribution of these different cellular abnormalities to PSP pathogenesis, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing and analyzed 45,559 high quality nuclei targeting the subthalamic nucleus and adjacent structures from human post-mortem PSP brains with varying degrees of pathology compared to controls. Cell-type specific differential expression and pathway analysis identified both common and discrete changes in numerous pathways previously implicated in PSP and other neurodegenerative disorders. This included EIF2 signaling, an adaptive pathway activated in response to diverse stressors, which was the top activated pathway in vulnerable cell types. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that activated eIF2α was positively correlated with tau pathology burden in vulnerable brain regions. Multiplex immunofluorescence localized activated eIF2α positivity to hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) positive neurons and ALDH1L1-positive astrocytes, supporting the increased transcriptomic EIF2 activation observed in these vulnerable cell types. In conclusion, these data provide insights into cell-type-specific pathological changes in PSP and support the hypothesis that failure of adaptive stress pathways play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis and progression of PSP.
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Kmita H, Pinna G, Lushchak VI. Potential oxidative stress related targets of mitochondria-focused therapy of PTSD. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266575. [PMID: 38028782 PMCID: PMC10679466 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a highly prevalent, under-diagnosed, and under-treated psychiatric disorder that often deteriorates over time, and is highly comorbid with major depressive disorder, suicidality, and substance use disorder. Several biomarkers have been proposed but have yet to be implemented into clinical practice. Treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are efficacious in only a small number of patients, which underscores the need to develop novel, efficient treatments. Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from chronic oxidative stress has been linked with both altered neurotransmitter signaling and the inflammatory response. Hereinafter, we discuss mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the development of PTSD symptoms, and how these may even increase PTSD susceptibility. We also highlight possible therapeutic targets to reduce oxidative stress to prevent or treat PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Graziano Pinna
- Psychiatric Institute (SPHPI), Chicago, IL, United States
- UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics (CARE), Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Volodymyr I. Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
- Research and Development University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MtDNA copy number (CN), a putative noninvasive biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, is associated with renal disease. The purpose of this review is to describe studies which measured human blood mtDNA-CN in the context of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and to evaluate its potential as a clinical biomarker of kidney disease. RECENT FINDINGS Following on from small scale cross-sectional studies implicating mtDNA-CN changes in diabetic kidney disease, recent large scale population studies provide compelling evidence of the association of mtDNA-CN and risk of renal disease in the general population and poor outcomes in CKD patients. SUMMARY The kidney has high bioenergetic needs, renal cells are rich in mitochondrial content containing 100s to 1000s of mtDNA molecular per cell. MtDNA has emerged as both a potential mediator, and a putative biomarker of renal disease. Damage to mtDNA can result in bioenergetic deficit, and reduced MtDNA levels in the blood have been shown to correlate with CKD. Furthermore, leakage of mtDNA outside of mitochondria into the cytosol/periphery can directly cause inflammation and is implicated in acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent large-scale population studies show the association of mtDNA-CN and renal disease and provide a strong basis for the future evaluation of circulating DNA-CN in longitudinal studies to determine its utility as a clinical biomarker for monitoring renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N Malik
- King's College London, Diabetes and Obesity, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolic Sciences, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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Zhao Q, Cai MM, Li D, Zhao BY, Zhou SS, Wu ZR, Shi YJ, Su L. S14G-humanin confers cardioprotective effects against chronic adrenergic and pressure overload-induced heart failure in mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21892. [PMID: 38045183 PMCID: PMC10692773 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
S14G-humanin (HNG), an analog of the mitochondria-derived peptide humanin, has demonstrated protective effects against various cardiovascular diseases. However, the specific pharmacological effects of HNG in heart failure (HF) have not been previously reported. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the potential protective effect of HNG in HF using a mouse model. HF was induced in mice through intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol or transverse aortic constriction, followed by separate administration of HNG to assess its therapeutic impact. Our results revealed that HNG treatment significantly delayed the onset of cardiac dysfunction and structural remodeling in the HF mouse model. Furthermore, HNG administration was associated with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, improved myocardial fibrosis, and attenuation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the treated cardiac tissues. Additionally, we identified the involvement of the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway in the beneficial effects of HNG in isoproterenol-induced HF mice. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of HNG in preventing the progression of HF, as demonstrated in two distinct HF mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ming-Ming Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Bin-Yi Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shuang-Shan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhen-Ru Wu
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yu-Jun Shi
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Delgado-Peraza F, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Simonsen AH, Knight DD, Yao PJ, Goetzl EJ, Jensen CS, Høgh P, Gottrup H, Vestergaard K, Hasselbalch SG, Kapogiannis D. Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles in blood reveal effects of exercise in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:156. [PMID: 37730689 PMCID: PMC10510190 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) in blood may be used to derive biomarkers for the effects of exercise in Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, we studied changes in neuroprotective proteins proBDNF, BDNF, and humanin in plasma NDEVs from patients with mild to moderate AD participating in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) of exercise ADEX. METHODS proBDNF, BDNF, and humanin were quantified in NDEVs immunocaptured from the plasma of 95 ADEX participants, randomized into exercise and control groups, and collected at baseline and 16 weeks. Exploratorily, we also quantified NDEV levels of putative exerkines known to respond to exercise in peripheral tissues. RESULTS NDEV levels of proBDNF, BDNF, and humanin increased in the exercise group, especially in APOE ε4 carriers, but remained unchanged in the control group. Inter-correlations between NDEV biomarkers observed at baseline were maintained after exercise. NDEV levels of putative exerkines remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the cognitive benefits of exercise could be mediated by the upregulation of neuroprotective factors in NDEVs. Additionally, our results indicate that AD subjects carrying APOE ε4 are more responsive to the neuroprotective effects of physical activity. Unchanged NDEV levels of putative exerkines after physical activity imply that exercise engages different pathways in neurons and peripheral tissues. Future studies should aim to expand upon the effects of exercise duration, intensity, and type in NDEVs from patients with early AD and additional neurodegenerative disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Effect of Physical Exercise in Alzheimer Patients (ADEX) was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov on April 30, 2012 with the identifier NCT01681602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francheska Delgado-Peraza
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Anja Hviid Simonsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - De'Larrian DeAnté Knight
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Pamela J Yao
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Edward J Goetzl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Research Department, Campus for Jewish Living, San Francisco, CA, 94112, USA
| | - Camilla Steen Jensen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Høgh
- Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 1165, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Gottrup
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karsten Vestergaard
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Clinic, Aalborg University Hospital, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Steen Gregers Hasselbalch
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Hekım MG, Ozcan S, Yur M, Yıldırım N, Ozcan M. Exploring the potential of humanin as a biomarker for early breast cancer detection: a study of serum levels and diagnostic performance. Biomarkers 2023; 28:555-561. [PMID: 37552125 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2246700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and early detection is crucial for effective treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to cancer development and progression. Humanin, a mitochondrial-derived peptide, has been shown to have cytoprotective effects and may be involved in breast cancer development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of humanin as a biomarker for breast cancer. METHODS We recruited 45 female patients diagnosed with primary invasive ductal breast cancer and 45 healthy volunteers. Serum humanin levels were measured using ELISA, and other cancer markers were measured using an Advia Centaur Immunology Analyser. RESULTS Our results showed that serum humanin levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy controls (p = 0.008). ROC curve analysis indicated that humanin could effectively discriminate between patients and healthy individuals, with a sensitivity of 62.5% and a specificity of 77.5%. CONCLUSION This suggests that humanin may be a potential new biomarker for breast cancer screening and early detection. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between humanin and breast cancer and to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sibel Ozcan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mesut Yur
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Yıldırım
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mete Ozcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Gruschus JM, Morris DL, Tjandra N. Evidence of natural selection in the mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and SHLP6. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14110. [PMID: 37644144 PMCID: PMC10465549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides are encoded by mitochondrial DNA but have biological activity outside mitochondria. Eight of these are encoded by sequences within the mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal genes: humanin, MOTS-c, and the six SHLP peptides, SHLP1-SHLP6. These peptides have various effects in cell culture and animal models, affecting neuroprotection, insulin sensitivity, and apoptosis, and some are secreted, potentially having extracellular signaling roles. However, except for humanin, their importance in normal cell function is unknown. To gauge their importance, their coding sequences in vertebrates have been analyzed for synonymous codon bias. Because they lie in RNA genes, such bias should only occur if their amino acids have been conserved to maintain biological function. Humanin and SHLP6 show strong synonymous codon bias and sequence conservation. In contrast, SHLP1, SHLP2, SHLP3, and SHLP5 show no significant bias and are poorly conserved. MOTS-c and SHLP4 also lack significant bias, but contain highly conserved N-terminal regions, and their biological importance cannot be ruled out. An additional potential mitochondrial-derived peptide sequence was discovered preceding SHLP2, named SHLP2b, which also contains a highly conserved N-terminal region with synonymous codon bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gruschus
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, NHLBI, NIH, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Daniel L Morris
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, NHLBI, NIH, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, NHLBI, NIH, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Sousa T, Moreira PI, Cardoso S. Current Advances in Mitochondrial Targeted Interventions in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2331. [PMID: 37760774 PMCID: PMC10525414 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and affects the lives not only of those who are diagnosed but also of their caregivers. Despite the enormous social, economic and political burden, AD remains a disease without an effective treatment and with several failed attempts to modify the disease course. The fact that AD clinical diagnosis is most often performed at a stage at which the underlying pathological events are in an advanced and conceivably irremediable state strongly hampers treatment attempts. This raises the awareness of the need to identify and characterize the early brain changes in AD, in order to identify possible novel therapeutic targets to circumvent AD's cascade of events. One of the most auspicious targets is mitochondria, powerful organelles found in nearly all cells of the body. A vast body of literature has shown that mitochondria from AD patients and model organisms of the disease differ from their non-AD counterparts. In view of this evidence, preserving and/or restoring mitochondria's health and function can represent the primary means to achieve advances to tackle AD. In this review, we will briefly assess and summarize the previous and latest evidence of mitochondria dysfunction in AD. A particular focus will be given to the recent updates and advances in the strategy options aimed to target faulty mitochondria in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Sousa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Cardoso
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Emser SV, Spielvogel CP, Millesi E, Steinborn R. Mitochondrial polymorphism m.3017C>T of SHLP6 relates to heterothermy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1207620. [PMID: 37675281 PMCID: PMC10478271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1207620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterothermic thermoregulation requires intricate regulation of metabolic rate and activation of pro-survival factors. Eliciting these responses and coordinating the necessary energy shifts likely involves retrograde signalling by mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs). Members of the group were suggested before to play a role in heterothermic physiology, a key component of hibernation and daily torpor. Here we studied the mitochondrial single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) m.3017C>T that resides in the evolutionarily conserved gene MT-SHLP6. The substitution occurring in several mammalian orders causes truncation of SHLP6 peptide size from twenty to nine amino acids. Public mass spectrometric (MS) data of human SHLP6 indicated a canonical size of 20 amino acids, but not the use of alternative translation initiation codons that would expand the peptide. The shorter isoform of SHLP6 was found in heterothermic rodents at higher frequency compared to homeothermic rodents (p < 0.001). In heterothermic mammals it was associated with lower minimal body temperature (T b, p < 0.001). In the thirteen-lined ground squirrel, brown adipose tissue-a key organ required for hibernation, showed dynamic changes of the steady-state transcript level of mt-Shlp6. The level was significantly higher before hibernation and during interbout arousal and lower during torpor and after hibernation. Our finding argues to further explore the mode of action of SHLP6 size isoforms with respect to mammalian thermoregulation and possibly mitochondrial retrograde signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Emser
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens P. Spielvogel
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Thamarai Kannan H, Issac PK, Dey N, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. A Review on Mitochondrial Derived Peptide Humanin and Small Humanin-Like Peptides and Their Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Pept Res Ther 2023; 29:86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-023-10558-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Wang J, Luo LZ, Liang DM, Guo C, Huang ZH, Jian XH, Wen J. Recent progress in understanding mitokines as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5416-5429. [PMID: 37637689 PMCID: PMC10450380 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide and the leading contributor to cancer-related deaths. The progression and metastasis of HCC are closely associated with altered mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial stress response. Mitokines, soluble proteins produced and secreted in response to mitochondrial stress, play an essential immunomodulatory role. Immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial treatment option for HCC. However, a positive response to therapy is typically dependent on the interaction of tumor cells with immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of mitokines in HCC is essential for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the association between HCC and the immune microenvironment and highlights recent progress in understanding the involvement of mitochondrial function in preserving liver function. In addition, a systematic review of mitokines-mediated immunomodulation in HCC is presented. Finally, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles of mitokines in HCC are prospected and summarized. Recent progress in mitokine research represents a new prospect for mitochondrial therapy. Considering the potential of mitokines to regulate immune function, investigating them as a relevant molecular target holds great promise for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Luo
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dao-Miao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jian
- Department of Anatomy, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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41
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Noble W, Hanger DP. Trimming away tau in neurodegeneration. Science 2023; 381:377-378. [PMID: 37499007 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tau quality control by tripartite motif 11 (TRIM11) protects neurons in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane P Hanger
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Kim SK, Tran LT, NamKoong C, Choi HJ, Chun HJ, Lee YH, Cheon M, Chung C, Hwang J, Lim HH, Shin DM, Choi YH, Kim KW. Mitochondria-derived peptide SHLP2 regulates energy homeostasis through the activation of hypothalamic neurons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4321. [PMID: 37468558 PMCID: PMC10356901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small humanin-like peptide 2 (SHLP2) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide implicated in several biological processes such as aging and oxidative stress. However, its functional role in the regulation of energy homeostasis remains unclear, and its corresponding receptor is not identified. Hereby, we demonstrate that both systemic and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administrations of SHLP2 protected the male mice from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improved insulin sensitivity. In addition, the activation of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons by SHLP2 in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) is involved in the suppression of food intake and the promotion of thermogenesis. Through high-throughput structural complementation screening, we discovered that SHLP2 binds to and activates chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7). Taken together, our study not only reveals the therapeutic potential of SHLP2 in metabolic disorders but also provides important mechanistic insights into how it exerts its effects on energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Kim
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Le Trung Tran
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Cherl NamKoong
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - MyungHyun Cheon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - ChiHye Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Junmo Hwang
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ho Lim
- Neurovascular Unit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41068, Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Ki Woo Kim
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
- Department of Applied Life Science, BK21 FOUR, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Su B, Li R, Song F, Liu M, Sun X. S14G-Humanin ameliorates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in asthma mediated by inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB)/early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1) pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:6822-6833. [PMID: 37451839 PMCID: PMC10415557 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease with a high morbidity rate in children and significantly impacts their healthy growth. It is reported that Th2 cell-mediated airway inflammation and activated oxidative stress are involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. S14G-humanin (HNG) is a derivative of Humanin with higher activity. The present study proposes to explore the potential treating property of HNG on asthma. An asthma model was constructed in mice using ovalbumin (OVA), the mice were treated with 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG for 16 days. Dramatically increased lung weight index, elevated number of monocytes, eosinophils, and neutrophils, promoted production of Th2 cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-13 (IL-13), and severe histological pathology were observed in OVA-challenged mice, all of which were extremely alleviated by 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG. Furthermore, the increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level and declined superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in OVA-challenged mice were abolished by 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG. Lastly, the upregulated TLR4, p-NF-κB p65, and early growth response 1 (Egr-1) in lung tissues of OVA-challenged mice were pronouncedly downregulated by 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg HNG. Collectively, our data suggested that HNG ameliorated airway inflammation in asthma partially due to NF-κB and Egr-1-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Fuxing Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Xianjun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 250102, Shandong, China
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Wagner ML, Ammann A, Piraino G, Wolfe V, O’Connor M, Lahni P, Ziady A, Zingarelli B. PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HUMANIN-G IN HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN FEMALE MICE VIA AMPKα1-INDEPENDENT MECHANISMS. Shock 2023; 60:64-74. [PMID: 37079467 PMCID: PMC10523894 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite therapeutic advances in hemorrhagic shock, mortality from multiple organ failure remains high. We previously showed that the α1 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulator of mitochondrial function, exerts a protective role in hemorrhagic shock. Humanin is a mitochondrial peptide with cytoprotective properties against cellular stress. Here, we investigated whether AMPKα1 influences systemic levels of endogenous humanin in hemorrhagic shock and whether treatment with the synthetic analog humanin-G affords beneficial effects. Methods: AMPKα1 wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) female mice were subjected to hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation with blood and lactated Ringer's solution. In short-term studies, mice were treated with humanin-G or vehicle and sacrificed at 3 h after resuscitation; in survival studies, mice were treated with PEGylated humanin-G and monitored for 7 days. Results: Compared with the vehicle WT group, KO mice exhibited severe hypotension, cardiac mitochondrial damage, and higher plasma levels of Th17 cytokines but had similar lung injury and similar plasma elevation of endogenous humanin. Treatment with humanin-G improved lung injury, mean arterial blood pressure, and survival in both WT and KO mice, without affecting systemic cytokine or humanin levels. Humanin-G also ameliorated cardiac mitochondrial damage and increased adenosine triphosphate levels in KO mice. Beneficial effects of humanin-G were associated with lung cytoplasmic and nuclear activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in AMPKα1-independent manner with marginal or no effects on mitochondrial STAT3 and complex I subunit GRIM-19. Conclusions: Our data indicate that circulating levels of humanin increase during hemorrhagic shock in AMPKα1-independent fashion as a defense mechanism to counteract metabolic derangement and that administration of humanin-G affords beneficial effects through STAT3 activation even in the absence of a functional AMPKα1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L. Wagner
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Ammann
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Giovanna Piraino
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Michael O’Connor
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Lahni
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Assem Ziady
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation & Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Ohio, USA
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Hassel KR, Brito-Estrada O, Makarewich CA. Microproteins: Overlooked regulators of physiology and disease. iScience 2023; 26:106781. [PMID: 37213226 PMCID: PMC10199267 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing efforts to generate a complete and accurate annotation of the genome have revealed a significant blind spot for small proteins (<100 amino acids) originating from short open reading frames (sORFs). The recent discovery of numerous sORF-encoded proteins, termed microproteins, that play diverse roles in critical cellular processes has ignited the field of microprotein biology. Large-scale efforts are currently underway to identify sORF-encoded microproteins in diverse cell-types and tissues and specialized methods and tools have been developed to aid in their discovery, validation, and functional characterization. Microproteins that have been identified thus far play important roles in fundamental processes including ion transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and stress signaling. In this review, we discuss the optimized tools available for microprotein discovery and validation, summarize the biological functions of numerous microproteins, outline the promise for developing microproteins as therapeutic targets, and look forward to the future of the field of microprotein biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira R. Hassel
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Omar Brito-Estrada
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Catherine A. Makarewich
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Kim KH. Intranasal delivery of mitochondrial protein humanin rescues cell death and promotes mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:3330-3345. [PMID: 37351170 PMCID: PMC10283052 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Accordingly, many aspects of mitochondrial function have been studied as a putative therapeutic target. Here we present a novel strategy to promote mitochondrial function and protect against Parkinson's disease by the peptide encoded within mitochondrial genome, mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) humanin (HN). Methods: To test humanin as a potential biomarker in PD, we measured protein levels of circulating humanin from the plasma of PD patients and transgenic or neurotoxic mouse models of PD. Next, we aimed to identify whether HN peptide treatment can regulate its activity or expression. Using mouse models of PD, we assessed HN delivery to the brain via the nasal route of administration. We further revealed a possible mechanism underlying the therapeutic effectiveness of HN peptide for PD using in vitro and ex vivo model of PD. Results: Although the expression of intracellular HN was not correlated with PD, HN treatment itself could induce intracellular HN expression and enhance mitochondrial biogenesis inducing mitochondrial gene expression. After intranasal administration, HN peptide resulted in neuroprotection and behavioral recovery in an animal model of PD. Interestingly, HN peptide following intranasal delivery was found within the brain, mainly via the trigeminal pathways. Mechanistically, HN treatment induced activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway which led to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis resulting in upregulation of mitochondrial gene including humanin. Conclusion: These data support a novel role of mitochondrial protein humanin in mitochondrial function and neuronal survival against Parkinson's disease, in which humanin treatment is sufficient for stimulating mitochondrial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwa Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 840 Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea
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Wynne ME, Ogunbona O, Lane AR, Gokhale A, Zlatic SA, Xu C, Wen Z, Duong DM, Rayaprolu S, Ivanova A, Ortlund EA, Dammer EB, Seyfried NT, Roberts BR, Crocker A, Shanbhag V, Petris M, Senoo N, Kandasamy S, Claypool SM, Barrientos A, Wingo A, Wingo TS, Rangaraju S, Levey AI, Werner E, Faundez V. APOE expression and secretion are modulated by mitochondrial dysfunction. eLife 2023; 12:e85779. [PMID: 37171075 PMCID: PMC10231934 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria influence cellular function through both cell-autonomous and non-cell autonomous mechanisms, such as production of paracrine and endocrine factors. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial regulation of the secretome is more extensive than previously appreciated, as both genetic and pharmacological disruption of the electron transport chain caused upregulation of the Alzheimer's disease risk factor apolipoprotein E (APOE) and other secretome components. Indirect disruption of the electron transport chain by gene editing of SLC25A mitochondrial membrane transporters as well as direct genetic and pharmacological disruption of either complexes I, III, or the copper-containing complex IV of the electron transport chain elicited upregulation of APOE transcript, protein, and secretion, up to 49-fold. These APOE phenotypes were robustly expressed in diverse cell types and iPSC-derived human astrocytes as part of an inflammatory gene expression program. Moreover, age- and genotype-dependent decline in brain levels of respiratory complex I preceded an increase in APOE in the 5xFAD mouse model. We propose that mitochondria act as novel upstream regulators of APOE-dependent cellular processes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Wynne
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Oluwaseun Ogunbona
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Alicia R Lane
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Chongchong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Sruti Rayaprolu
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Anna Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | | | - Blaine R Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Amanda Crocker
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury CollegeMiddleburyUnited States
| | - Vinit Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Michael Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Nanami Senoo
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | | | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of MiamiMiamiUnited States
| | - Aliza Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology and Human Genetics, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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Xia Y, Zhang HY, Ma S, Zhou F. Age-related Changes in Humanin Expression in the Ovarian Tissue of Rat. Curr Med Sci 2023:10.1007/s11596-023-2732-7. [PMID: 37115400 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined humanin expression in rat ovarian tissue, its cellular localization, and its correlation with rat age under physiological conditions. METHODS A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats of various ages (2, 12, 30, and 60 days old and 1 year old) were grouped by age. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques were used to observe humanin expression and cellular location in the ovarian tissues of rats from each age group. In addition, Western blotting and Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques were used to measure humanin expression level in the ovarian tissues of rats from each age group. RESULTS The immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical results confirmed that humanin was expressed in rat ovarian tissues. In addition, cellular localization analysis showed that humanin was expressed in the cytoplasm of oocytes, interstitial cells, granulosa cells and theca cells in all levels of follicles after the primary follicles, and in the corpus luteum. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the level of humanin expression in the ovarian tissues of 12-day-old rats was non-significantly higher than that in the ovarian tissues of 2-day-old rats (P>0.05), whereas the levels of humanin expression in the ovarian tissues of 30-day-old, 60-day-old, and 1-year-old rats were significantly lower than that in the ovarian tissues of 2-day-old rats (P<0.05). The Western blotting results demonstrated that the levels of humanin protein expression in the ovarian tissues of 60-day-old and 1-year-old rats were significantly lower than those of 2-day-old rats (P<0.01), whereas there was no significant difference in the level of humanin protein expression between the ovarian tissues of 12-day-old and 30-day-old rats. CONCLUSION This study confirmed that humanin is expressed in the cytoplasm of various cells in rat ovarian tissues. Moreover, the level of humanin expression was highest in the ovarian tissues of 12-day-old rats, and it subsequently decreased with age. The changes in the expression of humanin in the ovary of rats at different ages will lay the foundation for the role of humanin in ovarian aging. The effect of humanin on ovarian function is worthy of further study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Han-Yong Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Sha Ma
- Department of Reproductive Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430015, China.
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Dabravolski SA. Mitochondria-derived peptides in healthy ageing and therapy of age-related diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 136:197-215. [PMID: 37437978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) are small bioactive peptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA and involved in various stress-protecting mechanisms. To date, eight mitochondrial-derived peptides have been identified: MOTS-c sequence is hidden in the 12 S rRNA gene (MT-RNR1), and the other 7 (humanin and small humanin-like peptides 1-6) are encoded by the 16 S rRNA (MT-RNR2) gene. While the anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities of MDPs are well described, recent research suggests that MDPs are sensitive metabolic sensors, closely connected with mtDNA mutation-associated diseases and age-associated metabolic disorders. In this chapter, we focus on the recent progress in understanding the metabolo-protective properties of MDPs, their role in maintenance of the cellular and mitochondrial homeostasis associated with age-related diseases: Alzheimer's disease, cognitive decline, macular degeneration and cataracts. Also, we will discuss MDPs-based and MDPs-targeted interventions to treat age-related diseases and extend a healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Karmiel 2161002, Israel.
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50
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Bahar MR, Tekin S, Beytur A, Onalan EE, Ozyalin F, Colak C, Sandal S. Effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins. Biol Futur 2023:10.1007/s42977-023-00163-6. [PMID: 37067760 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the possible effects of intracerebroventricular MOTS-c infusion on thyroid hormones and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in rats. Forty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 animals in each group: control, sham, 10 and 100 µM MOTS-c. Hypothalamus, blood, muscle, adipose tissues samples were collected for thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), UCP1 and UCP3 levels were determined by the RT-PCR and western blot analysis. Serum thyroid hormone levels were determined by the ELISA assays. MOTS-c infusion was found to increase food consumption but it did not cause any changes in the body weight. MOTS-c decreased serum TSH, T3, and T4 hormone levels. On the other hand, it was also found that MOTS-c administration increased UCP1 and UCP3 levels in peripheral tissues. The findings obtained in the study show that central MOTS-c infusion is a directly effective agent in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Refik Bahar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Suat Tekin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Asiye Beytur
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ebru Etem Onalan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ozyalin
- Laboratory and Veterinary Health Program, Akcadag Vocational School, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Colak
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Sandal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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