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Du Y, Wang R, Zimmerman JB. Assessing the Progress toward a Water-Efficient Economy in the United States from 1985 to 2015. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8696-8708. [PMID: 38717867 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 tackles the long-neglected economic dimension of water utilization by monitoring nations' water use efficiency (WUE). However, it is imperative to emphasize the need for consistent spatial-temporal subnational WUE estimates, rather than relying solely on recent national trends, which can obscure crucial water use concerns and improvement opportunities. Here, a time series analysis of national, state, and sectoral (e.g., industrial, service, and agriculture) WUE from 1980 to 2015 was developed by compiling the most comprehensive and disaggregated water and economic data from 3243 US counties and 50 US states. The US total WUE increased by 181% from 16.2 (1985) to 45.6 USD/m3 (2015), driven by service sector WUE enhancements. The increased industry and service WUEs in most states were more strongly correlated with decreased per capita water withdrawal than with economic growth. Simultaneously, reductions in agriculture WUE were observed in 18 states potentially because of the complicated interaction of diverse factors specific to local communities. Expanding WUE gaps between affluent and less affluent states, and persisting WUE gaps between water-abundant andwater-scarce states highlight the need to advance policies to support under-resourced communities in effective water planning and water pricing for advancing equitable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Ranran Wang
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Julie B Zimmerman
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Zhang W, Xue L, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wang K, Huang M, Yang F, Jiang Z, Liang T. (Ca 0. 25La 0. 5Dy 0. 25)CrO 3 Ceramic Fiber@Biomass-Derived Carbon Aerogel with Enhanced Solute Transport Channels for Highly Efficient Solar Interface Evaporation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2205. [PMID: 38793275 PMCID: PMC11123292 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of solar interface evaporation for seawater desalination or sewage treatment is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach; however, achieving efficient solar energy utilization and ensuring the long-term stability of the evaporation devices are two major challenges for practical application. To address these issues, we developed a novel ceramic fiber@bioderived carbon composite aerogel with a continuous through-hole structure via electrospinning and freeze-casting methods. Specifically, an aerogel was prepared by incorporating perovskite oxide (Ca0.25La0.5Dy0.25)CrO3 ceramic fibers (CCFs) and amylopectin-derived carbon (ADC). The CCFs exhibited remarkable photothermal conversion efficiencies, and the ADC served as a connecting agent and imparted hydrophilicity to the aerogel due to its abundant oxygen-containing functional groups. After optimizing the composition and microstructure, the (Ca0.25La0.5Dy0.25)CrO3 ceramic fiber@biomass-derived carbon aerogel demonstrated remarkable properties, including efficient light absorption and rapid transport of water and solutes. Under 1 kW m-2 light intensity irradiation, this novel material exhibited a high temperature (48.3 °C), high evaporation rate (1.68 kg m-2 h-1), and impressive solar vapor conversion efficiency (91.6%). Moreover, it exhibited long-term stability in water evaporation even with highly concentrated salt solutions (25 wt%). Therefore, the (Ca0.25La0.5Dy0.25)CrO3 ceramic fiber@biomass-derived carbon aerogel holds great promise for various applications of solar interface evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science & Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China;
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.W.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.W.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.W.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.W.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Kaixian Wang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.W.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Minzhong Huang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.W.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (L.X.); (J.Z.); (M.Z.); (K.W.)
- Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institutes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
- Key Laboratory of Rare Earths, Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhengming Jiang
- China Nuclear Power (Shanghai) Simulation Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tongxiang Liang
- College of Rare Earths, Jiangxi University of Science & Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
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Ali D, Piffoux M. Methodological guide for assessing the carbon footprint of external beam radiotherapy: A single-center study with quantified mitigation strategies. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 46:100768. [PMID: 38633470 PMCID: PMC11021844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purposes Data on the carbon footprint of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) are scarce. Reliable and exhaustive data, including a detailed carbon inventory, are needed to determine effective mitigation strategies. Materials and methods This study proposes a methodology for calculating the carbon footprint of EBRT and applies it to a single center. Mitigation strategies are derived from the carbon inventory, and their potential reductions are quantified whenever possible. Results The average emission per treatment and fraction delivered was 489 kg CO₂eq and 27 kg CO₂eq, respectively. Patient transportation (43 %) and the construction and maintenance of linear accelerators (LINACs) and scanners (17 %) represented the most significant components. Electricity, the only energy source used, accounted for only 2 % of emissions.Derived mitigation strategies include a data deletion policy (reducing emissions in 30 years by 12.5 %), geographical appropriateness (-12.2 %), transportation mode appropriateness (-9.3 %), hypofractionation (-5.9 %), decrease in manufacturers' carbon footprint (-5.2 %), and an increase in machine durability (-3.5 %). Conclusion Our findings indicate that a significant reduction in the carbon footprint of a radiotherapy unit can be achieved without compromising the quality of care.This study provides a methodology and a starting point for comparison and proposes and quantifies mitigation strategies, paving the way for others to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ali
- Centre de Radiothérapie et de Traitement des Tumeurs, Versailles, France
| | - Max Piffoux
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CITOHL, Lyon, France
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Paule-Mercado MC, Rabaneda-Bueno R, Porcal P, Kopacek M, Huneau F, Vystavna Y. Climate and land use shape the water balance and water quality in selected European lakes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8049. [PMID: 38580788 PMCID: PMC10997787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
This study provides insights into factors that influence the water balance of selected European lakes, mainly in Central Europe, and their implications for water quality. An analysis of isotopic, chemical and land use data using statistical and artificial intelligence models showed that climate, particularly air temperature and precipitation, played a key role in intensifying evaporation losses from the lakes. Water balance was also affected by catchment factors, notably groundwater table depth. The study shows that lakes at lower altitudes with shallow depths and catchments dominated by urban or crop cover were more sensitive to water balance changes. These lakes had higher evaporation-to-inflow ratios and increased concentrations of total nitrogen in the water. On the other hand, lakes at higher elevations with deeper depths and prevailing forest cover in the catchment were less sensitive to water balance changes. These lakes, which are often of glacial origin, were characterized by lower evaporation losses and thus better water quality in terms of total nitrogen concentrations. Understanding connections between water balance and water quality is crucial for effective lake management and the preservation of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Cristina Paule-Mercado
- Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rubén Rabaneda-Bueno
- Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Porcal
- Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kopacek
- Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Frederic Huneau
- Département d'Hydrogéologie, Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, BP52, 20250, Corte, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 6134 SPE, 20250, Corte, France
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- Biology Centre, Institute of Hydrobiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Li M, Yang X, Wang K, Di C, Xiang W, Zhang J. Exploring China's water scarcity incorporating surface water quality and multiple existing solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118191. [PMID: 38218522 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Water scarcity has threatened the sustainability of human life, ecosystem evolution, and socio-economic development. However, previous studies have often lacked a comprehensive consideration of the impact of water quality and existing solutions, such as inter-basin water transfer and unconventional water resources, on water scarcity. In this paper, an improved approach was proposed to quantify water scarcity levels by comprehensively considering surface water quality and multiple solutions. China's water scarcity was first assessed at a high spatial resolution on a monthly basis over the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018. Then, the driving factors including water quality and solutions were identified by a geographic detector model. Finally, an in-depth investigation was conducted to unravel the effects of water quantity solutions (i.e., inter-basin water transfer and unconventional water use), and water quality solutions (i.e., improving surface water quality) on alleviating water scarcity. Based on monthly assessments considering water quality and multiple existing solutions, the results showed that over half of the national population (∼777 million) faced water scarcity for at least one month of the year. Agricultural water use and inadequate water quality were the main driving factors responsible for China's water scarcity. Over four-fifths of the national population (∼1.10 billion) could benefit from alleviated water scarcity through a combination of water quantity and quality solutions. However, the existing solutions considered were insufficient to completely resolve water scarcity in China, especially in Northern China, persisting as a challenging issue. The results obtained from this study provided a better understanding of China's water scarcity, which could contribute to guiding future efforts aimed at alleviating water scarcity and ensuring water security in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Kaiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chongli Di
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Netzer L, Kurtzman D, Ben-Hur M, Livshitz Y, Katzir R, Nachshon U. Novel approach to roof rainwater harvesting and aquifer recharge in an urban environment: Dry and wet infiltration wells comparison. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121183. [PMID: 38301524 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In urban environments there is a severe reduction of infiltration and groundwater recharge due to the existence of large impervious areas. During rain events, large volumes of water that could have recharged groundwater and surface water bodies are diverted into the municipal drainage system and lost from the freshwater storage. Moreover, extreme rain events impose high peak flows and large runoff volumes, which increase the risk of urban floods. Recent studies have suggested the use of rainwater harvesting for groundwater recharge, as a plausible solution for these challenges in dense urban environments. While the benefits of this approach are well understood, research on its practical, engineering, and hydrological aspects is relatively limited. The objective of the present study was to examine the use of infiltration wells for groundwater recharge with harvested rainwater collected from building rooftops under Mediterranean climate conditions. Two types of wells with similar hydraulic and technical properties were examined: a well that reaches the groundwater (wet well); and a well that discharges the harvested water into the unsaturated zone (dry well). Infiltration capacities of the wells were compared in controlled experiments conducted during summer months, and in operational recharge of harvested rainwater, during winter. Both dry and wet wells were found to be suitable for purposes of groundwater recharge with rooftop-harvested rainwater. Infiltration capacity of the wet well was about seven times greater than the infiltration capacity of the dry well. While the infiltration capacity of the wet well was constant throughout the entire length of the study (∼10 m3/h/m), the dry well infiltration capacity improved during winter (from 0.5 m3/h/m to 1.5 m3/h/m), a result of development of the dry well with time. Considering Tel-Aviv, Israel, as a case study for a dense modern city in a Mediterranean climate, it is demonstrated herein that the use of infiltration wells may reduce urban drainage by ∼40 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Netzer
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben Gurion University, Beersheba 8410501, Israel; Israeli Hydrological Service, Israeli Water Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Kurtzman
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Meni Ben-Hur
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Yakov Livshitz
- Israeli Hydrological Service, Israeli Water Authority, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roee Katzir
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Uri Nachshon
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel.
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Song Y, Zeng M, Wang X, Shi P, Fei M, Zhu J. Hierarchical Engineering of Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209134. [PMID: 37246306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting water from air in sorption-based devices is a promising solution to decentralized water production, aiming for providing potable water anywhere, anytime. This technology involves a series of coupled processes occurring at distinct length scales, ranging from nanometer to meter and even larger, including water sorption/desorption at the nanoscale, condensation at the mesoscale, device development at the macroscale and water scarcity assessment at the global scale. Comprehensive understanding and bespoke designs at every scale are thus needed to improve the water-harvesting performance. For this purpose, a brief introduction of the global water crisis and its key characteristics is provided to clarify the impact potential and design criteria of water harvesters. Next the latest molecular-level optimizations of sorbents for efficient moisture capture and release are discussed. Then, novel microstructuring of surfaces to enhance dropwise condensation, which is favorable for atmospheric water generation, is shown. After that, system-level optimizations of sorbent-assisted water harvesters to achieve high-yield, energy-efficient, and low-cost water harvesting are highlighted. Finally, future directions toward practical sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Zeng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Peiru Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Minfei Fei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
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Aloui L, Greene ES, Tabler T, Lassiter K, Thompson K, Bottje WG, Orlowski S, Dridi S. Effect of heat stress on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis-associated genes in low- and high-water efficient chicken lines. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15972. [PMID: 38467563 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
With climate change, selection for water efficiency and heat resilience are vitally important. We undertook this study to determine the effect of chronic cyclic heat stress (HS) on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis-associated markers in high (HWE)- and low (LWE)-water efficient chicken lines. HS significantly elevated core body temperatures of both lines. However, the amplitude was higher by 0.5-1°C in HWE compared to their LWE counterparts. HWE line drank significantly less water than LWE during both thermoneutral (TN) and HS conditions, and HS increased water intake in both lines with pronounced magnitude in LWE birds. HWE had better feed conversion ratio (FCR), water conversion ratio (WCR), and water to feed intake ratio. At the molecular level, the overall hypothalamic expression of aquaporins (AQP8 and AQP12), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its related receptor AVP2R, angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), and calbindin 2 (CALB2) were significantly lower; however, CALB1 mRNA and AQP2 protein levels were higher in HWE compared to LWE line. Compared to TN conditions, HS exposure significantly increased mRNA abundances of AQPs (8, 12), AVPR1a, natriuretic peptide A (NPPA), angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), CALB1 and 2, and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 and 4 (TRPV1 and TRPV4) as well as the protein levels of AQP2, however it decreased that of AQP4 gene expression. A significant line by environment interaction was observed in several hypothalamic genes. Heat stress significantly upregulated AQP2 and SCT at mRNA levels and AQP1 and AQP3 at both mRNA and protein levels, but it downregulated that of AQP4 protein only in LWE birds. In HWE broilers, however, HS upregulated the hypothalamic expression of renin (REN) and AVPR1b genes and AQP5 proteins, but it downregulated that of AQP3 protein. The hypothalamic expression of AQP (5, 7, 10, and 11) genes was increased by HS in both chicken lines. In summary, this is the first report showing improvement of growth performances in HWE birds. The hypothalamic expression of several genes was affected in a line- and/or environment-dependent manner, revealing potential molecular signatures for water efficiency and/or heat tolerance in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loujain Aloui
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
- Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Zaghouan, Tunisia
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Travis Tabler
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kentu Lassiter
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Kevin Thompson
- Center for Agricultural Data Analyses, Divion of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Walter G Bottje
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sara Orlowski
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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9
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Wang M, Bodirsky BL, Rijneveld R, Beier F, Bak MP, Batool M, Droppers B, Popp A, van Vliet MTH, Strokal M. A triple increase in global river basins with water scarcity due to future pollution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:880. [PMID: 38321008 PMCID: PMC10847517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44947-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Water security is at stake today. While climate changes influence water availability, urbanization and agricultural activities have led to increasing water demand as well as pollution, limiting safe water use. We conducted a global assessment of future clean-water scarcity for 2050s by adding the water pollution aspect to the classical water quantity-induced scarcity assessments. This was done for >10,000 sub-basins focusing on nitrogen pollution in rivers by integrating land-system, hydrological and water quality models. We found that water pollution aggravates water scarcity in >2000 sub-basins worldwide. The number of sub-basins with water scarcity triples due to future nitrogen pollution worldwide. In 2010, 984 sub-basins are classified as water scarce when considering only quantity-induced scarcity, while 2517 sub-basins are affected by quantity & quality-induced scarcity. This number even increases to 3061 sub-basins in the worst case scenario in 2050. This aggravation means an extra 40 million km2 of basin area and 3 billion more people that may potentially face water scarcity in 2050. Our results stress the urgent need to address water quality in future water management policies for the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Grants
- PSA-SA-E-01 Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences)
- 776479 COACCH EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- 821010 CASCADES EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020)
- Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (iPET)
- Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-Use, and Energy (FABLE) Consortium (FABLE 2.0, Grant 94120)
- Dutch Talent Program Veni-NWO project (0.16.Veni.198.001, supporting M.S.)
- MTHvV was financially supported by the European Union (ERC Starting Grant, B-WEX, Project 101039426) and Netherlands Scientific Organisation (NWO) by a VIDI grant (VI.Vidi.193.019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Wang
- Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Benjamin Leon Bodirsky
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg A56, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Rhodé Rijneveld
- Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Felicitas Beier
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg A56, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Humboldt University, Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Invalidenstr. 42, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam P Bak
- Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masooma Batool
- UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bram Droppers
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.115, 3508, TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg A56, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michelle T H van Vliet
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.115, 3508, TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Earth Systems and Global Change Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708, PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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de Araujo JGL, da Silva MDSB, Bento JCCV, de Azevêdo AM, de M Araújo AM, Dos Anjos ASD, Martínez-Huitle CA, Dos Santos EV, Gondim AD, Cavalcanti LN. Photocatalytic Hydrodecarboxylation of Fatty Acids for Drop-in Biofuels Production. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302330. [PMID: 37646537 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A mild, practical, and environmentally friendly method for the hydrodecarboxylation of fatty acids using an acridine-based photoredox catalyst and thiophenol was developed. Cn-1 alkanes were synthesized in good to excellent yields (up to 99 %) from C10-C18 saturated fatty acids under visible light irradiation (405 nm). The developed protocol was employed for a mixture of fatty acids obtained from the hydrolysis of Licuri oil, affording a mixture of C9-C17 hydrocarbons in quantitative yield, which demonstrates the potential application of the method to produce drop-in biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhudson G L de Araujo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Maria do S B da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Júlia C C V Bento
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Amanda M de Azevêdo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aruzza M de M Araújo
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aecia S D Dos Anjos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Elisama V Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Amanda D Gondim
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lívia N Cavalcanti
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Avenida Sen. Salgado Filho s/n, 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
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11
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Blanco-Murillo F, Marín-Guirao L, Sola I, Rodríguez-Rojas F, Ruiz JM, Sánchez-Lizaso JL, Sáez CA. Desalination brine effects beyond excess salinity: Unravelling specific stress signaling and tolerance responses in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140061. [PMID: 37689149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Desalination has been proposed as a global strategy for tackling freshwater shortage in the climate change era. However, there is a concern regarding the environmental effects of high salinity brines discharged from desalination plants on benthic communities. In this context, seagrasses such as the Mediterranean endemic and ecologically important Posidonia oceanica have shown high vulnerability to elevated salinities. Most ecotoxicological studies regarding desalination effects are based on salinity increments using artificial sea salts, although it has been postulated that certain additives within the industrial process of desalination may exacerbate a negative impact beyond just the increased salinities of the brine. To assess the potential effect of whole effluent brines on P. oceanica, mesocosm experiments were conducted within 10 days, simulating salinity increment with either artificial sea salts or brines from a desalination plant (at 43 psμ, 6 psμ over the natural 37 psμ). Morphometrical (growth and necrosis), photochemical (PSII chlorophyll a fluorometry), metabolic, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) and ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (ASC/DHA), and molecular (expression of key tolerance genes) responses were analyzed in each different treatment. Although with a still positive leaf growth, associated parameters decreased similarly for both artificial sea salt and brine treatments. Photochemical parameters did not show general patterns, although only P. oceanica under brines demonstrated greater energy release through heat (NPQ). Lipid peroxidation and upregulation of genes related to oxidative stress (GR, MnSOD, and FeSOD) or ion exclusion (SOS3 and AKT2/3) were similarly incremented on both hypersalinity treatments. Conversely, the ASC/DHA ratio was significantly lower, and the expression of SOS1, CAT, and STRK1 was increased under brine influence. This study revealed that although metabolic and photochemical differences occurred under both hypersalinity treatments, growth (the last sign of physiological detriment) was similarly compromised, suggesting that the potential effects of desalination are mainly caused by brine-associated salinities and are not particularly related to other industrial additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Blanco-Murillo
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Programa de Doctorado Interdisciplinario en Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lázaro Marín-Guirao
- Seagrass Ecology group, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Iván Sola
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fernanda Rodríguez-Rojas
- Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Juan M Ruiz
- Seagrass Ecology group, Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Lizaso
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Alicante, Unidad Asociada al CSIC por el IEO, Alicante, Spain
| | - Claudio A Sáez
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Laboratory of Aquatic Environmental Research, HUB AMBIENTAL UPLA, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias y Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile.
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12
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Ahialey EK, Kabo–Bah AT, Gyamfi S. Impacts of LULC and climate changes on hydropower generation and development: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21247. [PMID: 37964847 PMCID: PMC10641164 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing concern on a global scale that the world should transition towards the utilisation of energy-efficient technologies. Hydropower plays a very significant part in the fight against climate change, and as a result, it lessens the impact that climate changewill have on our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Both the effectiveness of hydropower generation and the amount of streamflow are impacted by climate change as well as land use and land cover (LULC). Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review on the topic of the past and future effects of climate, land use, and land cover changes on hydropower generation. This review will be based on the entries found in a number of reliable databases. A systematic literature review was carried out to analyse how LULC and climate change will affect hydropower generation and development. The research was based on 158 pieces of relevant literature that had been reviewed by experts and indexed in Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. The review was carried out to determine three goals in mind: the impact of climate change on hydropower generation and development; the impact of climate change on streamflow; and the combined impact of changes in climate and changes in LULC on hydropower. The findings bring to light the primary factors contributing to climate change as well as shifts in LULC which are essential to the generation of hydropower on all scales. The study identifies factors such as precipitation, temperature, floods, and droughts as examples of climate change. Deforestation, afforestation, and urbanisation are identified as the primary causes of changes in LULC over the past several decades. These changes have a negative impact on the generation and development of hydropower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kekle Ahialey
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, School of Energy, University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR), P. O. Box 214. Sunyani, Ghana
- Regional Center for Energy and Environmental Sustainability (RCEES), University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR), P. O. Box 214. Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Amos T. Kabo–Bah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR), Sunyani, Ghana. P. O. Box 214. Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Samuel Gyamfi
- School of Energy, University of Energy and Natural Resources (UENR), Sunyani, Ghana. P. O. Box 214. Sunyani, Ghana
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13
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Heiranian M, Fan H, Wang L, Lu X, Elimelech M. Mechanisms and models for water transport in reverse osmosis membranes: history, critical assessment, and recent developments. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37889082 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00395g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the greatest societal challenges facing humanity. Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination, a widely used membrane-based technology, has proven to be effective to augment water supply in water-stressed regions of our planet. However, progress in the design and development of RO membranes has been limited. To significantly enhance the performance of RO membranes, it is essential to acquire a deep understanding of the membrane separation and transport mechanisms. In this tutorial review, we cover the pivotal historical developments in RO technology, examine the chemical and physical properties of RO membrane materials, and critically review the models and mechanisms proposed for water transport in RO membranes. Based on recent experimental and computational findings, we conduct a thorough analysis of the key transport models-the solution-diffusion and pore-flow models-to assess their validity for accurately describing water transport in RO membranes. Our analysis involves examining the experimental evidence in favor of the solution-diffusion mechanism. Specifically, we explain whether the water content gradient within the membrane, cited as evidence for the key assumption in the solution-diffusion model, can drive a diffusive transport through RO membranes. Additionally, we review the recent molecular dynamics simulations which support the pore-flow mechanism for describing water transport in RO membranes. We conclude by providing future research directions aimed at addressing key knowledge gaps in water transport phenomena in RO membranes, with the goal of advancing the development of next-generation RO membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Heiranian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910, USA
| | - Hanqing Fan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinglin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, USA.
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14
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Herrera C, Urrutia J, Gamboa C, Salgado X, Godfrey L, Rivas A, Jódar J, Custodio E, León C, Sigl V, Delgado K, Arriagada E. Evaluation of the impact of the intensive exploitation of groundwater and the mega-drought based on the hydrochemical and isotopic composition of the waters of the Chacabuco-Polpaico basin in central Chile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 895:165055. [PMID: 37348727 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogeochemical and isotopic study has been carried out to understand the hydrogeological functioning of a small alluvial aquifer in central Chile in a context of mega-drought and intensive exploitation of its waters. Additionally, two mine tailings dams from porphyry copper mining are situated in the area. The prolonged mega-drought, which has lasted for over thirteen years, has resulted in a significant decrease in rainfall recharge and a drop of up to 50 m in piezometric levels, although no serious groundwater contamination problems have yet been detected, except for a rise in nitrate contents (ranging between 23 and 45 mg/L NO3) attributed to return irrigation. Groundwaters are calcium-bicarbonate and calcium-sodium-bicarbonate in composition. The values of δ18O and δ2H of the alluvial aquifer indicate fractionation by evaporation that would be explained by the recirculation of water that occurs in the agricultural areas of the basin, where the excess irrigation water that go back to the aquifer presents fractionation by evaporation. The δ34S and δ18O of dissolved sulfate point to pyrite oxidation, which could be related to the pyrite present in the copper porphyry and recognized in the Andes Cordillera. The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic values of the alluvial aquifer waters are close to the isotopic fingerprint of the volcanic rocks of the Abanico Formation. However, the water from the wells located further downstream in the basin and close to the tailing dams show δ34S and δ18O of dissolved sulfate and 87Sr/86Sr consistent with Miocene intrusive mineralogies of the copper porphyry type. The groundwater chemistry does not show water seepage from the tailings dam. Therefore, a minor contribution of minerals related to the intrusive rocks is proposed, which would originate from the movement of fine particles by the wind from the dams to the valley floor. The 14C activities indicate that groundwater is recent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herrera
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Javier Urrutia
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Gamboa
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Salgado
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Linda Godfrey
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ariel Rivas
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Jódar
- Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emilio Custodio
- Royal Academy of Sciences of Spain, Spain; Emeritus Professor Groundwater Hydrology Group, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; Researcher iUNAT, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Carolina León
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo OHiggins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Sigl
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katherine Delgado
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elisa Arriagada
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Ecosistemas Hídricos, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Shah SH, Harris LM, Menghwani V, Stoler J, Brewis A, Miller JD, Workman CL, Adams EA, Pearson AL, Hagaman A, Wutich A, Young SL. Variations in household water affordability and water insecurity: An intersectional perspective from 18 low- and middle-income countries. ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING. F, PHILOSOPHY, THEORY, MODELS, METHODS AND PRACTICE 2023; 2:369-398. [PMID: 38707600 PMCID: PMC11065962 DOI: 10.1177/26349825231156900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Compounding systems of marginalization differentiate and shape water-related risks. Yet, quantitative water security scholarship rarely assesses such risks through intersectionality, a paradigm that conceptualizes and examines racial, gendered, class, and other oppressions as interdependent. Using an intersectionality approach, we analyze the relationships between household head gender and self-reported socio-economic status, and water affordability (proportion of monthly income spent on water) and water insecurity (a composite measure of 11 self-reported experiences) for over 4000 households across 18 low- and middle-income countries in Central and South America, Africa, and Asia. Interaction terms and composite categorical variables were included in regression models, adjusting for putative confounders. Among households with a high socio-economic status, the proportion of monthly income spent on water differed by household head gender. In contrast, greater household water insecurity was associated with lower socio-economic status and did not meaningfully vary by the gender of the household head. We contextualize and interpret these experiences through larger systems of power and privilege. Overall, our results provide evidence of broad intersectional patterns from diverse sites, while indicating that their nature and magnitude depend on local contexts. Through a critical reflection on the study's value and limitations, including the operationalization of social contexts across different sites, we propose methodological approaches to advance multi-sited and quantitative intersectional research on water affordability and water insecurity. These approaches include developing scale-appropriate models, analyzing complementarities and differences between site-specific and multi-sited data, collecting data on gendered power relations, and measuring the impacts of household water insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer H Shah
- University of Washington, USA; The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Vikas Menghwani
- The University of British Columbia, Canada; University of Saskatchewan, Canada
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16
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Usman M, Ali A, Bashir MK, Mushtaq K, Ghafoor A, Amjad F, Hashim M, Baig SA. Pathway analysis of food security by employing climate change, water, and agriculture nexus in Pakistan: partial least square structural equation modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:88577-88597. [PMID: 37436630 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28547-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing population and augmented demand for food have put burden on water resources, crops, and livestock for future sustainability. Pakistan is facing difficulties of water shortage, low crops and livestock productivity, meagre livelihood, and intensive food insecurity. Hence, this study was conducted in Pakistan to explore the nexus of climate change, irrigation water, agriculture, rural livelihoods, and food security. The study is based on primary data of 1080 farmers gathered from 12 districts of the rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems. A partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to compute the nexus. Findings of path analysis indicated that climate change had a significant negative impact on irrigation water, crops, livestock, rural livelihood, and food security in both cropping systems. There was positive relationship between surface water and crops. In addition, groundwater and crops were also positively and significantly correlated. The impact of crop was positive and significant on rural livelihood and food security. Furthermore, rural livelihood and food security were positively and significantly influenced by livestock. Moreover, there was positive relationship between rural livelihood and food security. The cotton-wheat cropping system was more affected by climatic and natural hazards than rice-wheat cropping system. Interconnectivity among nexus components and their contribution to rural livelihood and food security indicate that government, policymakers, and other concerned stakeholders should effectively improve food security policies under climatic and natural hazards. Moreover, it helps in examining adverse impacts of hazards induced by climate change on nexus components, leading to the designing and adoption of sustainable climate change policies. The study's originality lies in its ability to provide a inclusive and integrated pathway of the interconnections and interdependencies among these variables, identifying key drivers of food insecurity in Pakistan. Moreover, outcome of the study has policy implications for developing sustainable policies and strategies to improve sustainable food security in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Business School, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali
- Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid Bashir
- Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mushtaq
- Institute of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghafoor
- Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Amjad
- Department of Business Administration, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Hashim
- Faisalabad Business School, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad Baig
- Faisalabad Business School, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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17
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Rettie FM, Gayler S, Weber TKD, Tesfaye K, Streck T. High-resolution CMIP6 climate projections for Ethiopia using the gridded statistical downscaling method. Sci Data 2023; 10:442. [PMID: 37438389 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution climate model projections for a range of emission scenarios are needed for designing regional and local adaptation strategies and planning in the context of climate change. To this end, the future climate simulations of global circulation models (GCMs) are the main sources of critical information. However, these simulations are not only coarse in resolution but also associated with biases and high uncertainty. To make the simulations useful for impact modeling at regional and local level, we utilized the bias correction constructed analogues with quantile mapping reordering (BCCAQ) statistical downscaling technique to produce a 10 km spatial resolution climate change projections database based on 16 CMIP6 GCMs under three emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5). The downscaling strategy was evaluated using a perfect sibling approach and detailed results are presented by taking two contrasting (the worst and best performing models) GCMs as a showcase. The evaluation results demonstrate that the downscaling approach substantially reduced model biases and generated higher resolution daily data compared to the original GCM outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasil M Rettie
- Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Hohenheim University, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkasa, Ethiopia.
| | - Sebastian Gayler
- Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Hohenheim University, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tobias K D Weber
- Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Hohenheim University, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Soil Science Section, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Kindie Tesfaye
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Thilo Streck
- Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Hohenheim University, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Palawat K, Root RA, Cortez LI, Foley T, Carella V, Beck C, Ramírez-Andreotta MD. Patterns of contamination and burden of lead and arsenic in rooftop harvested rainwater collected in Arizona environmental justice communities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 337:117747. [PMID: 37019054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As climate change exacerbates water scarcity, rainwater harvesting for household irrigation and gardening becomes an increasingly common practice. However, the use and quality of harvested rainwater are not well studied, and the potential pollutant exposures associated with its use are generally unknown. There are currently no federal standards in the United States to assess metal(loid)s in harvested rainwater. Project Harvest, a community science research project, was created to address this knowledge gap and study the quality of harvested rainwater, primarily used for irrigation, in four environmental justice communities in Arizona, USA. Community scientists collected 577 unique rooftop harvested rainwater samples from 2017 to 2020, which were analyzed for metal(loid)s, where arsenic (As) concentrations ranged from 0.108 to 120 μg L-1 and lead (Pb) concentrations ranged from 0.013 to 350 μg L-1 and compared to relevant federal/state standards/recommendations. Community As and Pb concentrations decreased as: Hayden/Winkelman > Tucson > Globe/Miami > Dewey-Humboldt. Linear mixed models were used to analyze rooftop harvested rainwater data and results indicated that concentrations of As and Pb in the summer monsoon were significantly greater than winter; and contamination was significantly greater closer to extractive industrial sites in three of the four study communities (ASARCO Hayden Plant Superfund Alternative site in Hayden/Winkelman, Davis-Monthan United States Air Force Base in Tucson - Pb only, and Freeport McMoRan Copper and Gold Mine in Globe/Miami). Based on models, infrastructure such as proximity to roadway, roof material, presence of a cistern screen, and first-flush systems were not significant with respect to As and Pb when controlling for relevant spatiotemporal variables; whereas, cistern age was associated with Pb concentrations. These results however, indicate that concentrations vary seasonally and by proximity to industrial activity, not by decisions made regarding collection system infrastructures at the individual home level. This study shows that generally, individuals are not responsible for environmental contamination of rooftop harvested rainwater, rather activities and decisions of government and corporate industries control contaminant release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Palawat
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert A Root
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Theresa Foley
- Sonora Environmental Research Institute, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Victoria Carella
- Resident of Globe, AZ, USA; Mother Eagle Shamanic Center, Globe, AZ, USA
| | - Charles Beck
- Resident of Globe, AZ, USA; Space Mission Earth, Globe, AZ, USA
| | - Mónica D Ramírez-Andreotta
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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19
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Li Y, Zhao G, Allen GH, Gao H. Diminishing storage returns of reservoir construction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3203. [PMID: 37311780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface water reservoirs are increasingly being relied upon to meet rising demands in the context of growing population and changing climate. However, the amount of water available in reservoirs (and the corresponding trends) have not been well quantified at the global scale. Here we use satellite observations to estimate the storage variations of 7245 global reservoirs from 1999 to 2018. Total global reservoir storage has increased at a rate of 27.82 ± 0.08 km3/yr, which is mainly attributed to the construction of new dams. However, the normalized reservoir storage (NS)-the ratio of the actual storage to the storage capacity-has declined by 0.82 ± 0.01%. The decline of NS values is especially pronounced in the global south, while the global north mainly exhibits an NS increase. With predicted decreasing runoff and increasing water demand, these observed diminishing storage returns of reservoir construction will likely persist into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - George H Allen
- Department of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Huilin Gao
- Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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20
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He Z, Pan S, Gu X, Xu M, Wang M. Study on the driving mechanism of lagged effects based on different time scales in a karst drainage basin in South China. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9347. [PMID: 37291371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to earthquakes and volcanoes, drought is one of the most damaging natural disasters and is mainly affected by rainfall losses, especially by the runoff regulation ability of the underlying watershed surface. Based on monthly rainfall runoff data recorded from 1980 to 2020, in this study, the distributed lag regression model is used to simulate the rainfall-runoff process in the karst distribution region of South China, and a time series of watershed lagged-flow volumes is calculated. The watershed lagged effect is analyzed by four distribution models, and the joint probability between the lagged intensity and frequency is simulated by the copula function family. The results show that (1) the watershed lagged effects simulated by the normal, log-normal, P-III and log-logistic distribution models in the karst drainage basin are particularly significant, with small mean square errors (MSEs) and significant time-scale characteristics. (2) Affected by spatiotemporal distribution differences in rainfall and the impacts of different basin media and structures, the lag response of runoff to rainfall differs significantly among different time scales. Especially at the 1-, 3- and 12-month scales, the coefficient of variation (Cv) of the watershed lagged intensity is greater than 1, while it is less than 1 at the 6- and 9-month scales. (3) The lagged frequencies simulated by the log-normal, P-III and log-logistic distribution models are relatively high (with medium, medium-high and high frequencies, respectively), while that simulated by the normal distribution is relatively low (medium-low and low frequencies). (4) There is a significant negative correlation (R < - 0.8, Sig. < 0.01) between the watershed lagged intensity and frequency. For the joint probability simulation, the fitting effect of the gumbel Copula is the best, followed by the Clayton and Frank-1 copulas, and while that of the Frank-2 copula is relatively weak. Consequently, the propagation mechanism from meteorological drought to agricultural or hydrological drought and the conversion mechanism between agricultural and hydrological drought are effectively revealed in this study, thereby providing a scientific basis for the rational utilization of water resources and drought resistance and disaster relief in karst areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua He
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China.
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University/National Engineering Technology Institute for Karst, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
| | - Shan Pan
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Gu
- Guizhou Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjin Xu
- Guizhou Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Maoqiang Wang
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
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21
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Mapes AS, Larsen MAD. Projected future European power sector water usage across power scenarios and corresponding trends in water availability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023:118208. [PMID: 37291019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current transition toward added renewables into the power mix is essential to mitigate climate change effects, but the energy transition has environmental impacts outside the scope of greenhouse gas emissions that also need attention. One such impact is the water-energy dependency nexus, where water dependencies are also seen for non-fossil technologies such as concentrated solar power (CSP), bioenergy and hydropower and mitigation technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). In this light, the selection of power production technologies can potentially affect long-term water resource renewability and dry summer conditions, causing, e.g., power plant shutdowns. In this study, we employ an established and validated scheme of water consumption and withdrawal rates across energy conversion technologies at the European scale to project corresponding water usage rates towards 2050 for EU30 countries. We further use the entire range of global- and regional climate model ensembles for low-, medium- and high-emission scenarios to project trends and robustness estimates of freshwater resources and availability at the distributed level for corresponding countries and years towards 2100. The results show a high sensitivity of water usage rates to the implementation of energy technologies such as CSP and CCS, as well as the decommissioning rates of fossil technologies and some scenarios generally show unaltered or even vastly increasing water consumption and withdrawal rates. Further, the assumptions on using CCS technologies, an evolving field, show a high impact. The assessment of hydro-climatic projections showed some degree of overlaps between decreasing water availabilities and increasing power sector water usage, especially for one power production scenario with a high share of CCS implementation. Further, a vast climate model spread in water availability was seen for both yearly means and summer minima, emphasising the need to include extremes in water management, and the water availability was highly dependent on the emission scenario in some regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sainz Mapes
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Produktionstorvet, Building 424, Lyngby, 2800 Kgs, Denmark
| | - Morten Andreas Dahl Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Produktionstorvet, Building 424, Lyngby, 2800 Kgs, Denmark; The Danish Meteorological Institute, Lyngbyvej 100, 2100 Kbh Ø, Denmark.
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22
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Wineland SM, Rezapour S, Neeson TM. Small tradeoffs between social equity and conservation outcomes in a freshwater payment for ecosystem services scheme. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2829. [PMID: 36853595 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Conservation programs around the world aim to balance social equity, economic efficiency, and conservation outcomes. Tradeoffs among these three objectives necessarily exist but have been quantified in only a handful of systems. Here, we use a multi-objective mathematical optimization model in a large, water-limited river basin to quantify these tradeoffs in a freshwater payment for ecosystem services (PES) program aimed at establishing environmental flows (e-flows). Across a range of budgetary and future climate scenarios, we find that tradeoffs between social equity and conservation outcomes are small. We also show that payment schemes in which incentives are allocated to a single water use sector are much less cost-effective than schemes in which incentives are allocated among multiple sectors. Thus, allocating payments equally among agricultural, municipal, and industrial sectors can be both more equitable and more cost-effective. Overall, our results illustrate how some carefully designed conservation programs may be able to achieve a triple bottom line of social equity, economic efficiency, and conservation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Wineland
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shabnam Rezapour
- Enterprise and Logistics Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Thomas M Neeson
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sustainability, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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23
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Muratoglu A, Bilgen GK, Angin I, Kodal S. Performance analyses of effective rainfall estimation methods for accurate quantification of agricultural water footprint. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 238:120011. [PMID: 37148693 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Water footprint (WF) assessments have become a significant tool for the sustainable management in recent years. Effective rainfall (Peff) is a critical indicator for characterizing soil moisture (green water, WFgreen) and calculating irrigation requirements (blue water, WFblue). However, majority of the water footprint analyses employ empirical or numerical models to predict Peff, and the number of studies for experimental validation of these models are quite insufficient. The main scope of this study is to test the performance of commonly used Peff estimation models in relation to the soil water balance (SWB) of an experimental site. Accordingly, the daily and monthly soil water budget is estimated from a maize field which is characterized as semi-arid land with continental climate (Ankara, Turkey), equipped with moisture sensors. Then, Peff, WFgreen, and WFblue parameters are calculated using FP, US-BR, USDA-SCS, FAO/AGLW, CROPWAT, and SuET methods and compared with SWB method. Employed models were highly variable. CROPWAT and US-BR predictions were the most accurate. In majority of months, the CROPWAT method estimated the Peff with a maximum deviation of 5% from the SWB method. In addition, the CROPWAT method predicted blue WF with an error less than 1%. The widely utilized USDA-SCS approach did not produce expected results. The FAO-AGLW method provided the lowest performance for each parameter. We also find that the errors in estimating Peff in semi-arid conditions cause green and blue WF outputs to be quite less accurate than the dry and humid cases. This study provides one of the most detailed assessments about the impact of effective rainfall on the blue and green WF results with high temporal resolution. The findings of this study are important for the accuracy and performance of the formulae used in Peff estimations and to develop more precise blue and green WF analyses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Muratoglu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Batman University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Batman 72100, Türkiye
| | - Gonca Karaca Bilgen
- General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Ilker Angin
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye.
| | - Suleyman Kodal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ankara University, Ankara 06110, Türkiye
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24
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Ran N, Sorek G, Stein N, Sharon-Gojman R, Herzberg M, Gillor O. Multispecies biofilms on reverse osmosis membrane dictate the function and characteristics of the bacterial communities rather than their structure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:115999. [PMID: 37105294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The main reason for the deterioration of membrane operation during water purification processes is biofouling, which has therefore been extensively studied. Biofouling was shown to reduce membrane performance reflected by permeate flux decline, reduced selectivity, membrane biodegradation, and consequently, an increase in energy consumption. Studies of biofouling focused on the identification of the assembled microbial communities, the excretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and their combined role in reduced membrane performance and lifetime. However, the link between the structure and function of biofouling communities has not been elucidated to date. Here, we provide a novel insight, suggesting that bacterial functions rather than composition control biofouling traits on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. We studied the potential activity of RO biofilms at metatranscriptome resolution, accompanied by the morphology and function of the biofouling layer over time, including microscopy and EPS composition, adhesion, and viscoelastic properties. To that end, we cultivated natural multispecies biofilms in RO membranes under treated wastewater flow and extracted RNA to study their taxonomies and gene expression profiles. Concomitantly, the biofilm structure was visualized using both scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. We also used quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation to characterize the affinity of EPS to membrane-mimetic sensors and evaluated the viscoelasticity of the Ex-Situ EPS layer formed on the sensor. Our results showed that different active bacterial taxa across five taxonomic classes were assembled on the RO membrane, while the composition shifted between 48 and 96 h. However, regardless of the composition, the maturation of the biofilm resulted in the expression of similar gene families tightly associated with the temporal kinetics of the EPS composition, adhesion, and viscoelasticity. Our findings highlight the temporal selection of specific microbial functions rather than composition, featuring the adhesion kinetics and viscoelastic properties of the RO biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noya Ran
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Gil Sorek
- Department of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, 84105, Israel; National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Noa Stein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Revital Sharon-Gojman
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 84990, Israel
| | - Moshe Herzberg
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 84990, Israel.
| | - Osnat Gillor
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 84990, Israel.
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25
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Barquín C, Vital-Grappin A, Kumakiri I, Diban N, Rivero MJ, Urtiaga A, Ortiz I. Performance of TiO 2-Based Tubular Membranes in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Compounds. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:448. [PMID: 37103875 PMCID: PMC10145232 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water with TiO2 and TiO2/Ag membranes prepared by immobilising photocatalysts on ceramic porous tubular supports. The permeation capacity of TiO2 and TiO2/Ag membranes was checked before the photocatalytic application, showing high water fluxes (≈758 and 690 L m-2 h-1 bar-1, respectively) and <2% rejection against the model pollutants sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS) and dichloroacetic acid (DCA). When the membranes were submerged in the aqueous solutions and irradiated with UV-A LEDs, the photocatalytic performance factors for the degradation of DCA were similar to those obtained with suspended TiO2 particles (1.1-fold and 1.2-fold increase, respectively). However, when the aqueous solution permeated through the pores of the photocatalytic membrane, the performance factors and kinetics were two-fold higher than for the submerged membranes, mostly due to the enhanced contact between the pollutants and the membranes photocatalytic sites where reactive species were generated. These results confirm the advantages of working in a flow-through mode with submerged photocatalytic membranes for the treatment of water polluted with persistent organic molecules, thanks to the reduction in the mass transfer limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Barquín
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Aranza Vital-Grappin
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Izumi Kumakiri
- Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Graduate School Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8611, Japan;
| | - Nazely Diban
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Maria J. Rivero
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Inmaculada Ortiz
- Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.)
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26
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Hamdhani H, Eppehimer DE, Quanrud DM, Bogan MT. Seasonal and longitudinal water quality dynamics in three effluent-dependent rivers in Arizona. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15069. [PMID: 37013146 PMCID: PMC10066693 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Effluent-fed streams, which receive inputs from wastewater treatment plants, are becoming increasingly common across the globe as urbanization intensifies. In semi-arid and arid regions, where many natural streams have dried up due to over extraction of water, many streams rely completely on treated effluent to sustain baseflow during dry seasons. These systems are often thought of as ‘second-class’ or highly disturbed stream ecosystems, but they have the potential to serve as refuges for native aquatic biota if water quality is high, especially in areas where few natural habitats remain. In this study, we investigated seasonal and longitudinal water quality dynamics at multiple sites across six reaches of three effluent-dependent rivers in Arizona (USA) with the objective (1) to quantify changes in effluent water quality due to distance traveled and season/climate and (2) to qualify whether water quality conditions in these systems are sufficient to support native aquatic species. Study reaches ranged in length from 3 to 31 km and in geographic setting from low desert to montane conifer forest. We observed the lowest water quality conditions (e.g., elevated temperature and low dissolved oxygen) during the summer in low desert reaches, and significantly greater natural remediation of water quality in longer vs. shorter reaches for several factors, including temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia. Nearly all sites met or exceeded water quality conditions needed to support robust assemblages of native species across multiple seasons. However, our results also indicated that temperature (max 34.2 °C), oxygen levels (min 2.7 mg/L) and ammonia concentrations (max 5.36 mg/L N) may occasionally be stressful for sensitive taxa at sites closest to effluent outfalls. Water quality conditions may be a concern during the summer. Overall, effluent-dependent streams have the capacity to serve as refuges for native biota in Arizona, and they may become the only aquatic habitat available in many urbanizing arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdhani Hamdhani
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Drew E. Eppehimer
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - David M. Quanrud
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Michael T. Bogan
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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27
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Walewijns D, Heirman W, Daneels R. To give or not to give: Examining the prosocial effects of a 360° video endorsing a clean water charity. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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28
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Kassem Y, Gökçekuş H, Mosbah AAS. Prediction of monthly precipitation using various artificial models and comparison with mathematical models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41209-41235. [PMID: 36630036 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation (PP) prediction is an interesting topic in the meteorology or hydrology field since it is directly related to agriculture, the management of water resources in hydrologic basins, and water scarcity. Selecting the right model to predict precipitation has always been a challenge because it could help researchers to use the proper model for their purposes. Accordingly, the performance of five artificial models (feed-forward neural network, cascade forward neural network, Elman neural network, multi-layer perceptron neural network, and radial basis neural network) and three mathematical models (Poisson regression model (PRM), quadratic model, and multiple linear regression) were evaluated for their ability to predict the monthly precipitation in Mediterranean coastal cities located in Eastern part of Mediterranean Sea for the first time. Twenty-seven Mediterranean coastal cities are considered case studies. For this aim, scenario 1 and scenario 2 with various input variables are proposed. Scenario 1 is developed using the number of months (MN), maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), downward radiation (DR), wind speed (WS), vapor pressure (VP), and actual evapotranspiration (AE). Scenario 2 is developed by adding geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude) to the global meteorological data to see the impact of geographical coordinates on the accuracy of the prediction of monthly precipitation. This study utilized the monthly data, which were obtained from TerraClimate for the period from 2010 to 2021. Based on the performance indexes, the PRM model performed best for the prediction of monthly precipitation in all selected locations compared to other models. Moreover, the results indicate that scenario 2 ([Formula: see text]) has shown higher prediction accuracy compared to scenario 1 ([Formula: see text]). In conclusion, PRM with the combination of [[Formula: see text]] had RMSE value that was lower by 12% relative to PRM with the combination of [[Formula: see text]]. Consequently, the PRM model can be recommended for modeling the complexity of interactions for precipitation-climate conditions-geographical coordinates and predicting precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Kassem
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Near East University, Engineering Faculty, Via Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia,Turkey, Cyprus.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Via Mersin 10, 99138, NicosiaTurkey, Cyprus.
- Energy, Environment, and Water Research Center, Near East University, Via Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia,Turkey, Cyprus.
- Engineering Faculty, Kyrenia University, Via Mersin 10, 99138, KyreniaTurkey, Cyprus.
| | - Hüseyin Gökçekuş
- Department of Civil Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty, Near East University, Via Mersin 10, 99138, NicosiaTurkey, Cyprus
- Energy, Environment, and Water Research Center, Near East University, Via Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia,Turkey, Cyprus
- Engineering Faculty, Kyrenia University, Via Mersin 10, 99138, KyreniaTurkey, Cyprus
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29
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Chen Z, Wang W, Cescatti A, Forzieri G. Climate-driven vegetation greening further reduces water availability in drylands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1628-1647. [PMID: 36524280 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change alters surface water availability (WA; precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P - ET) and consequently impacts agricultural production and societal water needs, leading to increasing concerns on the sustainability of water use. Although the direct effects of climate change on WA have long been recognized and assessed, indirect climate effects occurring through adjustments in terrestrial vegetation are more subtle and not yet fully quantified. To address this knowledge gap, here we investigate the interplay between climate-induced changes in leaf area index (LAI) and ET and quantify its ultimate effect on WA during the period 1982-2016 at the global scale, using an ensemble of data-driven products and land surface models. We show that ~44% of the global vegetated land has experienced a significant increase in growing season-averaged LAI and climate change explains 33.5% of this greening signal. Such climate-induced greening has enhanced ET of 0.051 ± 0.067 mm year-2 (mean ± SD), further amplifying the ongoing increase in ET directly driven by variations in climatic factors over 36.8% of the globe, and thus exacerbating the decline in WA prominently in drylands. These findings highlight the indirect impact of positive feedbacks in the land-climate system on the decline of WA, and call for an in-depth evaluation of these phenomena in the design of local mitigation and adaptation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Big Data Technology of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Giovanni Forzieri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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30
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Oh H, Kim HJ, Mehboob MS, Kim J, Kim Y. Sources and uncertainties of future global drought risk with ISIMIP2b climate scenarios and socioeconomic indicators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160371. [PMID: 36414061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The severity of potential drought impacts is influenced not only by physical characteristics, such as precipitation, soil moisture, and temperature but also by local socioeconomic conditions that influence a region's exposure and vulnerability. This study aims to demonstrate projected future global drought risk, which is quantified based on indicators representing three risk components, namely, hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Drought hazard is evaluated using the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index. Drought exposure considers population and agricultural land use, and drought vulnerability accounts for gross domestic product, total water storage, and water consumption. This global-scale study was conducted for the historical and future periods of 1975-2005 and 2070-2099, respectively, and employed three combined scenarios consisting of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) with datasets from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP2b). To evaluate the proposed approach, the results obtained for the historical period were compared with drought records. The projections suggest that in addition to increasing drought hazards caused by climate change, populous regions, or areas heavily dependent on agriculture are at a higher risk than other regions because of high water consumption levels. The contributions analysis indicates that agricultural land use is the largest contributor to drought risk, except for Africa, where the population makes the largest contribution. Model uncertainty of the General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Hydrological Models (HMs) is dominant compared to the RCP and SSP scenarios, with uncertainty from the GCMs the most dominant. This study provides possible depictions and their uncertainties of future drought risks and can assist decision-makers in developing better adaptation and mitigation strategies for climatic, environmental, and socioeconomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunyoung Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heey Jin Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - JiHyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Distributed desalination using solar energy: A technoeconomic framework to decarbonize nontraditional water treatment. iScience 2023; 26:105966. [PMID: 36756368 PMCID: PMC9900398 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Desalination using renewable energy offers a route to transform our incumbent linear consumption model to a circular one. This transition will also shift desalination from large-scale centralized coastal facilities toward modular distributed inland plants. This new scale of desalination can be satisfied using solar energy to decarbonize water production, but additional considerations, such as storage and inland brine management, become important. Here, we evaluate the levelized cost of water for 16 solar desalination system configurations at 2 different salinities. For fossil fuel-driven plants, we find that zero-liquid discharge is economically favorable to inland brine disposal. For renewable desalination, we discover that solar-thermal energy is superior to photovoltaics due to low thermal storage cost and that energy storage, despite being expensive, outperforms water storage as the latter has a low utilization factor. The analysis also yields a promising outlook for solar desalination by 2030 as solar generation and storage costs decrease.
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Robinson Y, Khorram-Manesh A, Arvidsson N, Sinai C, Taube F. Does climate change transform military medicine and defense medical support? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1099031. [PMID: 37213601 PMCID: PMC10194660 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1099031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Climate change has effects on multiple aspects of human life, such as access to food and water, expansion of endemic diseases as well as an increase of natural disasters and related diseases. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on climate change effects on military occupational health, military healthcare in a deployed setting, and defense medical logistics. Methods Online databases and registers were searched on August 22nd, 2022 and 348 papers retrieved, published between 2000 and 2022, from which we selected 8 publications that described climate effects on military health. Papers were clustered according to a modified theoretical framework for climate change effects on health, and relevant items from each paper were summarized. Results During the last decades a growing body of climate change related publications was identified, which report that climate change has a significant impact on human physiology, mental health, water- and vector borne infectious diseases, as well as air pollution. However, regarding the specific climate effects on military health the level of evidence is low. The effects on defense medical logistics include vulnerabilities in the cold supply chain, in medical devices functioning, in need for air conditioning, and in fresh water supply. Conclusions Climate change may transform both the theoretical framework and practical implementations in military medicine and military healthcare systems. There are significant knowledge gaps on climate change effects on the health of military personnel in operations of both combat and non-combat nature, alerting the need for prevention and mitigation of climate-related health issues. Further research within the fields of disaster and military medicine is needed to explore this novel field. As climate effects on humans and the medical supply chain may degrade military capability, significant investments in military medical research and development are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Robinson
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Yohan Robinson
| | | | - Niclas Arvidsson
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cave Sinai
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fabian Taube
- Centre for Disaster Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Joint Centre for Defence Medicine, Swedish Armed Forces, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Water footprint of small-scale dairy farms in the central coast of Peru. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 55:25. [PMID: 36564603 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, dairy sector consumes 19% of the water in the livestock sector. However, in Latin America, the amount of water used in this sector is unknown, especially in arid zones. On the other hand, water footprint (WF) is a methodology to estimate the use of water to produce a product. The aim of this work was to estimate the WF of dairy production in the arid zone of the Peruvian central coast. Data from five dairy farms were used. The WF was calculated in its three dimensions: green water, blue water and grey water. In addition, the WF was measured for categories: feed, drinking and service. To measure the WF of feed production, the CROPWAT software was used, whilst the NRC (2001) equations were used to estimate the drinking water. The reference unit was cubic metres per kilogram of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM). In average, 99% of the WF comes from feed production, followed by drinking water (0.4%). From the three dimensions of the WF, green water is responsible of 60% of the WF, followed by the blue water (30%). Imported water represented 63% of the WF. In general, WF of dairy production in these systems was 0.66 m3/kg FPCM. In conclusion, feed production, as the main source of WF from which most is imported, shows the possibility of reducing the WF of these systems by prioritizing and optimizing water consumption by crops using local resources with lower water requirements.
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Sayed H, Aly AH, Krauss TF. Photonic crystals umbrella for thermal desalination: simulation study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21499. [PMID: 36513708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For sustainable water desalination, there is a worldwide push towards solar thermal desalination with the objective to limit the amount of consumed energy in other desalination technologies and maximize the resulting freshwater from saline water. Here, we demonstrate a photonic crystals solar umbrella that covers the saline water surface, demanding to absorb all the incident electromagnetic wave and remit it as greater wavelengths in the range of mid-infrared (MIR) to be highly absorbed and localized close to the water surface. The temperature of the saline water with a refractive index of 1.3326 is reached to [Formula: see text] after one hour of illumination with the incident power intensity equal 680 [Formula: see text]. Hence, by adding one-dimensional PCs the surface temperature is reached [Formula: see text]. Also, by adding 2D PCs to allow the vapor to flow up through the pores of the structure with the diameter of the pore equal to 500 nm, the surface temperature is reached [Formula: see text] after three hour of illumination. Thus, the effective use of electromagnetic waves and warmth localization at the surface of saline water is accomplished by radiative coupling with the effect of 2D PCs. We design the considered structure by using COMSOL multiphysics which based on the finite element method (FEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Arafa H Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt.
| | - Thomas F Krauss
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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35
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Pulse, Shunt and Storage: Hydrological Contraction Shapes Processing and Export of Particulate Organic Matter in River Networks. Ecosystems 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-022-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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Jiang D, Mulero G, Bonfil DJ, Helman D. Early or late? The role of genotype phenology in determining wheat response to drought under future high atmospheric CO 2 levels. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3445-3461. [PMID: 36098352 PMCID: PMC9828765 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a future rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2 ]) and drought will significantly impact wheat production and quality. Genotype phenology is likely to play an essential role in such an effect. Yet, its response to elevated [CO2 ] and drought has not been studied before. Here we conducted a temperature-controlled glasshouse [CO2 ] enrichment experiment in which two wheat cultivars with differing maturity timings and life cycle lengths were grown under ambient (aCO2 approximately 400 μmol mol-1 ) and elevated (eCO2 approximately 550 μmol mol-1 ) [CO2 ]. The two cultivars, bred under dry and warm Mediterranean conditions, were well-watered or exposed to drought at 40% pot holding capacity. We aimed to explore water × [CO2 ] × genotype interaction in terms of phenology, physiology, and agronomic trait response. Our results show that eCO2 had a significant effect on plants grown under drought. eCO2 boosted the booting stage of the late-maturing genotype (cv. Ruta), thereby prolonging its booting-to-anthesis period by approximately 3 days (p < 0.05) while unaffecting the phenological timing of the early-maturing genotype (cv. Zahir). The prolonged period resulted in a much higher carbon assimilation rate, particularly during pre-anthesis (+87% for Ruta vs. +22% for Zahir under eCO2 ). Surprisingly, there was no eCO2 effect on transpiration rate and grain protein content in both cultivars and under both water conditions. The higher photosynthesis (and transpiration efficiency) of Ruta was not translated into higher aboveground biomass or grain yield, whereas both cultivars showed a similar increase of approximately 20% in these two traits at eCO2 under drought. Overall, Zahir, the cultivar that responded the least to eCO2, had a more efficient source-to-sink balance with a lower sink limitation than Ruta. The complex water × [CO2 ] × genotype interaction found in this study implies that future projections should account for multifactor interactive effects in modeling wheat response to future climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Jiang
- Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - Gabriel Mulero
- Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
| | - David J. Bonfil
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crop Research, Agricultural Research OrganizationGilat Research CenterGilatIsrael
| | - David Helman
- Department of Soil & Water Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael
- The Advanced School for Environmental StudiesThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Zhai R, Tao F, Chen Y, Dai H, Liu Z, Fu B. Future water security in the major basins of China under the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming scenarios. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157928. [PMID: 35952883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater is an essential resource for human lives, agriculture, industry, and ecology. Future water supply, water withdrawal, and water security under the impacts of climate change and human interventions have been of key concern. Numerous studies have projected future changes in river runoff and surface water resources under climate change. However, the changes in the major water withdrawal components including agricultural irrigation water, industrial, domestic and ecological water withdrawal, as well as the balance between water supply and withdrawal, under the joint impacts of climate change and socio-economic development have been seldom investigated, especially at the basin and national scales. In this study, changes in surface water resources, agricultural irrigation water, industrial, domestic and ecological water withdrawal, as well as the balances between water supply and withdrawal, under the baseline climate (2006-2015), 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming scenarios (2106-2115) in the 10 major basins across China, were investigated by combining modelling and local census data. The results showed that water withdrawal exceeded water supply in the basins of Liao River, Northwest River, Hai River, Yellow River and Huai River in the baseline period. Under the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming scenarios, the shortage of water resources would aggravate in the above-mentioned basins and the Songhua River basin. And the surplus of water resources would reduce substantially in the basins of Yangtze River, Southeast River and Pearl River. Overall, the difference between water supply and water withdrawal was 435.88 billion m3 during the baseline period, and would be 261.84 and 218.39 billion m3, respectively, under the 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming scenarios. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on future water security in the 10 major basins across China, has important implications for water resources management and climate change adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhai
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Fulu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huichao Dai
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zhiwu Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ma D, Zhang X, Deng K, Huang J, Zhang R, Yang H, Liu X, Shang B, Gu S. A fast curing assisted spray-coating method to fabricate a robust core-shell structured evaporator with stable solar vapor generation performance. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:16961-16967. [PMID: 36349827 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solar driven interfacial vapor generation is considered to be an effective strategy to alleviate the impact of water crisis on human activities. However, great efforts of researchers have been devoted to improving the solar steam generation efficiency, while less attention has been paid to the long-term stability of evaporators. Herein, we proposed a robust core-shell structured evaporator prepared by a simple fast curing assisted spray-coating method. Owing to the inherent superelasticity of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) sponge, the finely designed novel 3D core-shell structure, and the quick curing of branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and 5-pentaerythritol pentaacrylate (5Acl) induced special knot shaped photothermal coating, the as-obtained evaporator (CB/MF) performed well in vapor generation with a high water evaporation rate of 2.082 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun illumination, and the evaporation efficiency reached 123.5%, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art artificial solar evaporator. Even in strict application situations, such as long-term recycling testing for 40 h, 500 compression-release cycles (20%, 40% or 60%), sonication for 12 h, or shaking for 30 h, the water evaporation rate of the obtained evaporator remains at a high level of above 2.00 kg m-2 h-1. Additionally, the evaporator shows effective purification toward high-concentration brine, acid-base solutions, simulated seawater, dye wastewater, and heavy metal wastewater, as well as reliable pure water, providing an outdoor application. With the advantages of a high evaporation rate, stable long-term vapor generation, and effective purification toward various non-potable water sources, we believe that the fabricated core-shell structured CB/MF evaporator is a promising candidate for practical solar steam generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Xiangyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Kaimin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Ruquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
| | - Shaojin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, P. R. China.
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Li J. Evaluation Methods for Water Resource Suitability in Territorial Spatial Planning: A Case Study of Baiyin City in a Semi-Arid Region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12973. [PMID: 36232270 PMCID: PMC9564953 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water resources are a major factor in the spatial layout of agricultural production and urban construction, which is an important part of China's ongoing territorial spatial planning. In order to assess the constraining and guiding effects of water resources on territorial spatial planning, water resources suitability evaluation needs to be carried out at the grid scale. Traditional basin or regional-scale indicators of water resources cannot satisfy the requirements with high spatial accuracy in territorial spatial planning, because the internal differences could not be described. In this study, irrigation water supply cost index (CIA) and urban water supply cost index (CIU) were evaluated to characterize the affordability of potential water supply costs by simulating of optimal water supply path. Further, grid-scale indexes of water resource suitability for agricultural production (WRSA) and for urban construction (WRSU) were constructed. The grades of WRSA and WRSU were classified at a 20 m grid scale in Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for agricultural production were 381.0 km2, 3354.7 km2, 3663.9 km2, and 12,700.7 km2, respectively, accounting for 1.9%, 16.7%, 18.2%, and 63.2% of the total area of Baiyin City. The areas of water resources that were suitable, relatively suitable, less suitable, and unsuitable for urban construction were 1657.7 km2, 4184.5 km2, 1177.7 km2, and 13,075.7 km2, respectively, accounting for 8.2%, 20.8%, 5.9%, and 65.1% of the total area of Baiyin City. Coupling analysis with land use and land resources suitability were carried out in this study, which showed that the grid-scale WRSA and WRSU could well characterize the spatial differences of water resources suitability for agricultural production and urban construction. The results of the Geodetector-based study show that the WRSA and WRSU indicators have better explanatory power for the land-use spatial distribution compared to indicators such as water distance. Therefore, the indexes could provide scientific support to delimit agricultural space and urban space, and are effective means of "determining regional functions by water resources" in territorial spatial planning. Furthermore, the indexes could be applied to other arid and semi-arid areas, and also hilly areas, where water supply suitability plays a restrictive role in agricultural production and urban construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyi Li
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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40
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Chiavazzo E. Critical aspects to enable viable solar-driven evaporative technologies for water treatment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5813. [PMID: 36192433 PMCID: PMC9529900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While passive solar-driven evaporative systems promise higher economic and environmental sustainability in water treatment, many challenges remain for their effective adoption. Here, the author identifies three main pillars and corresponding issues which future research should focus on to bring these technologies to the next maturity level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliodoro Chiavazzo
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Torino, Italy. .,Clean Water Center, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino, 10129, Italy.
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Zhou S, Liu M, Chen B, Sun L, Lu H. Microbubble- and nanobubble-aeration for upgrading conventional activated sludge process: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127826. [PMID: 36029987 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The activated sludge process (ASP) is widely used for wastewater treatment, and the aeration efficiency is crucial to the operation of wastewater treatment plants. Recently, microbubble (MB)- and nanobubble (NB)-aeration has attracted much attention as there is growing evidence that it holds a great promise for upgrading the process efficiency of current ASP under conventional macro-bubble-aeration. However, a comprehensive review to elucidate the potential application of MB- and NB-aeration in ASP is still lacking. Therefore, this review will provide a systematic introduction to MB- and NB-aeration (including the unique properties and generation methods of MBs and NBs), and gain mechanistic insights on how MB- and NB-aeration improve gas-liquid mass transfer. The recent advances in MB- and NB-aeration applications to ASP and the resultant effects are also highlighted and discussed in-depth. The review concludes with a brief consideration of future research interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ben Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, PR China.
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Zobeidi T, Yaghoubi J, Yazdanpanah M. Exploring the motivational roots of farmers' adaptation to climate change‑induced water stress through incentives or norms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15208. [PMID: 36076056 PMCID: PMC9458745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to consider farmers' perceptions regarding the impacts of climate change on water resources and their intention toward adaptation in southwestern Iran. To this end, this study applied the theory of reasoned action and the norm activation model as well as these two models in combination. A descriptive quantitative research study was designed and conducted using cross-sectional survey methods among 250 farmers in Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran, selected through multistage sampling methods. Research data were collected through a structured questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts; scale reliability of the questionnaire was approved through a pilot study. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the norm activation model, the theory of reasoned action, and a model integrating the two can predict 32, 42, and 47%, respectively, of changes in farmers' intention toward performing climate-change adaptation activities. In the combined model, personal norm, subjective norm, and attitude were able to influence the farmers’ intention to perform adaptive behaviors. Attitude towards adaptation is the most powerful predictor in explaining intention to adaptation. Subjective norm is the most important predictors of moral norms which is the logical confirmation behind the combination of the two models. In addition, the combined model has better predicting powerful that each model separately. The research findings hold valuable implications for policymakers seeking to increase the intention of farmers to implement adaptation activities against a background of harsh climate change and water scarcity in this region of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Zobeidi
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Jafar Yaghoubi
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Masoud Yazdanpanah
- Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khuzestan, Iran.
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Shao Y, Shen A, Li N, Yang L, Tang J, Zhi H, Wang D, Xue G. Marangoni Effect Drives Salt Crystallization Away from the Distillation Zone for Large-Scale Continuous Solar Passive Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:30324-30331. [PMID: 35729800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solar desalination shows great potential in dealing with global water scarcity. A multistage passive solar distiller with thermal localization is especially attractive for its high-water yield. However, achieving long-term stability in large-scale devices remains a challenge because of the easy accumulation of crystallized salt inside the distiller. Here, we reported that the Marangoni effect can drive crystallized salt away along a long distance in a capillary wick, which endow the multistage passive solar distiller with the ability of salt-rejecting. In a 36 h continuous testing, the salinity of the distillation zone is limited below 12 wt % and crystallized salt only accumulates outside the device. The water yield is about 1.7 kg m-2 h-1 in a three-stage device, with a solar-to-vapor conversion efficiency of 114% under one sun. This novel design proves a new principle for high efficiency and long-term stable solar desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Anqi Shen
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Jiebin Tang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hui Zhi
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Guobin Xue
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
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Comprehensive climatic suitability evaluation of peanut in Huang-Huai-Hai region under the background of climate change. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11350. [PMID: 35790844 PMCID: PMC9256610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The climate changes influence the growing suitability of peanut, an important oil crop. Climatic suitability evaluation in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, the main peanut producing region of China, which can optimize peanut planting structure and provide basis for increasing output. In this study, the temperature, precipitation, sunshine and comprehensive suitability models were established by using the climatic suitability function in different growth periods of peanut. In this study, the climate suitability function of peanut in different growth periods was used to establish the temperature, precipitation, sunshine and comprehensive suitability model. Combined with the meteorological data after Anusplin interpolation, the spatial distribution and chronological change of peanut climate suitability were analyzed. The results show that with climate change, the overall climate becomes warmer and drier and the temperature and precipitation suitability increase, but the sunshine suitability decreases. Based on the comprehensive suitability model, the suitability evaluation results are divided into four levels: the most suitable, suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable. Among them, the most suitable peanut planting areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai region are concentrated in the west of the Haihe River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin. The data from the next 30 years show that both the most suitable and suitable areas have been expanded. Through the verification of yield correlation analysis and spatial distribution of disaster frequency, it can be seen that the evaluation results have high accuracy, which can be used to guide and optimize peanut production practices.
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Sun S, Zheng X, Liu X, Wang Z, Liang L. Global pattern and drivers of water scarcity research: a combined bibliometric and geographic detector study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:523. [PMID: 35737175 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity, which refers to a deficit of freshwater resources availability in meeting anthropogenic and environmental water needs, is nowadays a growing concern in many countries around the world. Because water scarcity is often poor management induced, research is critical to advance knowledge and provide technical and policy support for water scarcity adaptation and solutions. Here, we address global water scarcity research pattern and underlying drivers, using the bibliometric analysis combined with geographic detector. The results indicate that water scarcity research exhibits great temporal and spatial variations. Predominant factors that control the numbers of water scarcity publications are gross domestic products (GDP) and population, which altogether explain 30-52% of the variance of the number of publications in different countries. Water scarcity research is biased in a few populated and affluent countries. Other factors, including physical water scarcity, research and development expenditure, and governance indicators can also be linked to water scarcity research. Keywords mining reveals that hotspots of research domains on causes, approaches, types, and effects of water scarcity show continental difference. The results have policy implications for guiding future water scarcity research. Research in developing countries suffering from physical and economic water scarcity should be enhanced to improve adaptive capacity and reduce vulnerability to water scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Sociology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Xingcai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Longwu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Li J, Yao X, Yao Y, An L, Feng Z, Wu K. Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Hulless Barely Phenotypes in Drought Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:924892. [PMID: 35812943 PMCID: PMC9260272 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.924892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the main factors restricting hulless barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum Hook. f.) yield. Genome-wide association study was performed using 269 lines of hulless barley to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with drought-resistance traits. The plants were cultured under either normal or drought conditions, and various quantitative traits including shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf fresh weight, leaf saturated fresh weight, leaf dry weight, ratio of root and shoot fresh weight, ratio of root and shoot dry weight, shoot water loss rate, root water loss rate, leaf water content and leaf relative water content, and field phenotypes including main spike length, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, thousand grain weight (TGW), main spike number, plant height, and effective spike number of plants were collected. After genotyping the plants, a total of 8,936,130 highly consistent population SNP markers were obtained with integrity > 0.5 and minor allele frequency > 0.05. Eight candidate genes potentially contributed to the hulless barley drought resistance were obtained at loci near significant SNPs. For example, EMB506, DCR, and APD2 genes for effective spike number of plants, ABCG11 gene for main spike number (MEN), CLPR2 gene for main spike length, YIP4B gene for root and shoot dry weight (RSWD), and GLYK and BTS genes for TGW. The SNPs and candidate genes identified in this study will be useful in hulless barley breeding under drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Xiaohua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Youhua Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Likun An
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
| | - Zongyun Feng
- College of Agronomy Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kunlun Wu
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley Genetics and Breeding, Xining, China
- Qinghai Subcenter of National Hulless Barley Improvement, Xining, China
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Ganguli P. Amplified risk of compound heat stress-dry spells in Urban India. CLIMATE DYNAMICS 2022; 60:1061-1078. [PMID: 35754938 PMCID: PMC9207834 DOI: 10.1007/s00382-022-06324-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Compound warm-dry spells over land, which is expected to occur more frequently and expected to cover a much larger spatial extent in a warming climate, result from the simultaneous or successive occurrence of extreme heatwaves, low precipitation, and synoptic conditions, e.g., low surface wind speeds. While changing patterns of weather and climate extremes cannot be ameliorated, effective mitigation requires an understanding of the multivariate nature of interacting drivers that influence the occurrence frequency and predictability of these extremes. However, risk assessments are often focused on univariate statistics, incorporating either extreme temperature or low precipitation; or at the most bivariate statistics considering concurrence of temperature versus precipitation, without accounting for synoptic conditions influencing their joint dependency. Based on station-based daily meteorological records from 23 urban and peri-urban locations of India, covering the 1970-2018 period, this study identifies four distinct regions that show temporal clustering of the timing of heatwaves. Further, combining joint probability distributions of interacting drivers, this analysis explored compound warm-dry potentials that result from the co-occurrence of warmer temperature, scarcer precipitation, and synoptic wind patterns. The results reveal 50-year severe heat stress solely based on the temperature at each location tends to be more frequent and is expected to become 5 to 17-year compound warm-dry events considering interdependence between attributes. Notably, considering dependence among drivers, a median 6-fold amplification (ranging from 3 to 10-fold) in compound warm-dry spell frequency is apparent relative to the expected annual number of a local (univariate) 50-year severe heatwave episode, indicating warming-induced desiccation is already underway over most of the urbanized areas of the country. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00382-022-06324-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulomi Ganguli
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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48
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FutureStreams, a global dataset of future streamflow and water temperature. Sci Data 2022; 9:307. [PMID: 35705555 PMCID: PMC9200746 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that climate change impacts ecosystems and socio-economic activities in freshwater environments. Consistent global data of projected streamflow and water temperature are key to global impact assessments, but such a dataset is currently lacking. Here we present FutureStreams, the first global dataset of projected future streamflow and water temperature for multiple climate scenarios (up to 2099) gridded at a 5 arcminute spatial resolution (~10 km at the equator), including recent past data (1976–2005) for comparison. We generated the data using global hydrological and water temperature models (PCR-GLOBWB, DynWat) forced with climate data from five general circulation models. We included four representative concentration pathways to cover multiple future greenhouse gas emission trajectories and associated changes in climate. Our dataset includes weekly streamflow and water temperature for each year as well as a set of derived indicators that are particularly relevant from an ecological perspective. FutureStreams provides a crucial starting point for large-scale assessments of the implications of changes in streamflow and water temperature for society and freshwater ecosystems. Measurement(s) | Water temperature • Streamflow | Technology Type(s) | water temperature model • hydrological model | Factor Type(s) | climate | Sample Characteristic - Environment | stream | Sample Characteristic - Location | Global |
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Zeng H, Elnashar A, Wu B, Zhang M, Zhu W, Tian F, Ma Z. A framework for separating natural and anthropogenic contributions to evapotranspiration of human-managed land covers in watersheds based on machine learning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153726. [PMID: 35150693 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Actual EvapoTranspiration (ET) represents the water consumption in watersheds; distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic contributions to ET is essential for water conservation and ecological sustainability. This study proposed a framework to separate the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors to ET of human-managed land cover types using the Random Forest Regressor (RFR). The steps include: (1) classify land cover into natural and human-managed land covers and then divide ET, meteorological, topographical, and geographical data into two parts corresponding to natural and human-managed land cover types; (2) construct a natural ET (ETn) prediction model using natural land cover types of ET, and the corresponding meteorological, topographical and geographical factors; (3) the constructed ETn prediction model is used to predict the ETn of human-managed land cover types using the corresponding meteorological, topographical and geographical data as inputs, and (4) derive the anthropogenic ET (ETh) by subtracting the natural ET from the total ET (ETt) for human-managed land cover types. Take 2017 as an example, ETn and ETh for rainfed agriculture, mosaic agriculture, irrigated agriculture, and settlement in Colorado, Blue Nile, and Heihe Basin were separated by the proposed framework, with R2 and NSE of predicted ETn above 0.95 and RB within 1% for all three basins. In the semi-arid Colorado River Basin and arid Heihe Basin, human activities on human-managed land cover types tended to increase ET higher than humid Blue Nile Basin. The anthropogenic contribution to total water consumption is approaching 53.68%, 66.47%, and 6.14% for the four human-managed land cover types in Colorado River Basin, Heihe Bain and Blue Nile Basin, respectively. The framework provides strong support for the disturbance of water resources by different anthropogenic activities at the basin scale and the accurate estimation of the impact of human activities on ET to help achieve water-related sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Abdelrazek Elnashar
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Bingfang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuyou Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zonghan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Deploying a GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) Decision Rule for Site Selection of Desalination Plants. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Water supply is one of the most critical infrastructures for development, and by desalinating the water of the Persian Gulf, water demands may be satisfied. The countries of the Persian Gulf basin have applied this technology and compensated for the country’s water shortage, whereas because of Iran’s unlimited access to water, desalination has only been applied on a local scale. Due to serious hydrological stress and periodic water shortages in Iran’s southern coastal area, seawater desalination may be necessary as an optional solution for water supply. Site selection for desalination plants is difficult as it may have a direct influence on the territorial and water environment, as well as disrupt biological systems, hence, the objective of this study was to identify desalination sites across the coastline of Hormozgan. To choose a suitable site, a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) design was applied, with three scenarios evaluated in the constraints part and two scenarios considered in the criteria weight section. Altogether, out of 21 determination criteria considered for the construction of desalination facilities, 14 were associated to the inland and coastal segment, six with the marine zone, and one with the water quality phase. The results showed that about 33,584 ha in the optimal scenario, or when minimum and maximum constraints were applied, approximately 109,553 and 7182 ha, respectively, of the region, including a total of 11 zones, were suitable for the building of desalination facilities. In conclusion, this study was the first to consider MCE with many criteria and different scenarios for developing a decision rule for the installation of desalination facilities based on environmental and marine factors.
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