1
|
Markitantova Y, Fokin A, Boguslavsky D, Simirskii V, Kulikov A. Molecular Signatures Integral to Natural Reprogramming in the Pigment Epithelium Cells after Retinal Detachment in Pleurodeles waltl. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16940. [PMID: 38069262 PMCID: PMC10707686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The reprogramming of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells into retinal cells (transdifferentiation) lies in the bases of retinal regeneration in several Urodela. The identification of the key genes involved in this process helps with looking for approaches to the prevention and treatment of RPE-related degenerative diseases of the human retina. The purpose of our study was to examine the transcriptome changes at initial stages of RPE cell reprogramming in adult newt Pleurodeles waltl. RPE was isolated from the eye samples of day 0, 4, and 7 after experimental surgical detachment of the neural retina and was used for a de novo transcriptome assembly through the RNA-Seq method. A total of 1019 transcripts corresponding to the differently expressed genes have been revealed in silico: the 83 increased the expression at an early stage, and 168 increased the expression at a late stage of RPE reprogramming. We have identified up-regulation of classical early response genes, chaperones and co-chaperones, genes involved in the regulation of protein biosynthesis, suppressors of oncogenes, and EMT-related genes. We revealed the growth in the proportion of down-regulated ribosomal and translation-associated genes. Our findings contribute to revealing the molecular mechanism of RPE reprogramming in Urodela.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vladimir Simirskii
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (Y.M.); (A.K.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rubio A, Garland GD, Sfakianos A, Harvey RF, Willis AE. Aberrant protein synthesis and cancer development: The role of canonical eukaryotic initiation, elongation and termination factors in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:151-165. [PMID: 35487398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In tumourigenesis, oncogenes or dysregulated tumour suppressor genes alter the canonical translation machinery leading to a reprogramming of the translatome that, in turn, promotes the translation of selected mRNAs encoding proteins involved in proliferation and metastasis. It is therefore unsurprising that abnormal expression levels and activities of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs), elongation factors (eEFs) or termination factors (eRFs) are associated with poor outcome for patients with a wide range of cancers. In this review we discuss how RNA binding proteins (RBPs) within the canonical translation factor machinery are dysregulated in cancers and how targeting such proteins is leading to new therapeutic avenues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rubio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Gavin D Garland
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Aristeidis Sfakianos
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Robert F Harvey
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Gleeson Building, Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
p53 at the crossroad of DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis stress pathways. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:972-982. [PMID: 35444234 PMCID: PMC9090812 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of intense research focused on understanding function(s) and disease-associated malfunction of p53, there is no sign of any “mid-life crisis” in this rapidly advancing area of biomedicine. Firmly established as the hub of cellular stress responses and tumor suppressor targeted in most malignancies, p53’s many talents continue to surprise us, providing not only fresh insights into cell and organismal biology, but also new avenues to cancer treatment. Among the most fruitful lines of p53 research in recent years have been the discoveries revealing the multifaceted roles of p53-centered pathways in the fundamental processes of DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), along with cellular responses to replication and RiBi stresses, two intertwined areas of cell (patho)physiology that we discuss in this review. Here, we first provide concise introductory notes on the canonical roles of p53, the key interacting proteins, downstream targets and post-translational modifications involved in p53 regulation. We then highlight the emerging involvement of p53 as a key component of the DNA replication Fork Speed Regulatory Network and the mechanistic links of p53 with cellular checkpoint responses to replication stress (RS), the driving force of cancer-associated genomic instability. Next, the tantalizing, yet still rather foggy functional crosstalk between replication and RiBi (nucleolar) stresses is considered, followed by the more defined involvement of p53-mediated monitoring of the multistep process of RiBi, including the latest updates on the RPL5/RPL11/5 S rRNA-MDM2-p53-mediated Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis Checkpoint (IRBC) pathway and its involvement in tumorigenesis. The diverse defects of RiBi and IRBC that predispose and/or contribute to severe human pathologies including developmental syndromes and cancer are then outlined, along with examples of promising small-molecule-based strategies to therapeutically target the RS- and particularly RiBi- stress-tolerance mechanisms to which cancer cells are addicted due to their aberrant DNA replication, repair, and proteo-synthesis demands. ![]()
Collapse
|
4
|
Jeong HS, Lee DH, Kim SH, Lee CH, Shin HM, Kim HR, Cho CH. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress promotes tumor metastasis by upregulating vWF expression in endothelial cells through the transcription factor GATA1. Oncogene 2022; 41:1634-1646. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
5
|
Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Laubach K, Zhang J, Chen X. The p53 Family: A Role in Lipid and Iron Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715974. [PMID: 34395447 PMCID: PMC8358664 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family of tumor suppressors, which includes p53, p63, and p73, has a critical role in many biological processes, such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation. In addition to tumor suppression, the p53 family proteins also participate in development, multiciliogenesis, and fertility, indicating these proteins have diverse roles. In this review, we strive to cover the relevant studies that demonstrate the roles of p53, p63, and p73 in lipid and iron metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maeso-Alonso L, López-Ferreras L, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 as a Tissue Architect. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716957. [PMID: 34368167 PMCID: PMC8343074 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP73 gene belongs to the p53 family comprised by p53, p63, and p73. In response to physiological and pathological signals these transcription factors regulate multiple molecular pathways which merge in an ensemble of interconnected networks, in which the control of cell proliferation and cell death occupies a prominent position. However, the complex phenotype of the Trp73 deficient mice has revealed that the biological relevance of this gene does not exclusively rely on its growth suppression effects, but it is also intertwined with other fundamental roles governing different aspects of tissue physiology. p73 function is essential for the organization and homeostasis of different complex microenvironments, like the neurogenic niche, which supports the neural progenitor cells and the ependyma, the male and female reproductive organs, the respiratory epithelium or the vascular network. We propose that all these, apparently unrelated, developmental roles, have a common denominator: p73 function as a tissue architect. Tissue architecture is defined by the nature and the integrity of its cellular and extracellular compartments, and it is based on proper adhesive cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions as well as the establishment of cellular polarity. In this work, we will review the current understanding of p73 role as a neurogenic niche architect through the regulation of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton dynamics and Planar Cell Polarity, and give a general overview of TAp73 as a hub modulator of these functions, whose alteration could impinge in many of the Trp73 -/- phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuen SC, Liang X, Zhu H, Jia Y, Leung SW. Prediction of differentially expressed microRNAs in blood as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease by meta-analysis and adaptive boosting ensemble learning. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:126. [PMID: 34243793 PMCID: PMC8272278 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00862-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood circulating microRNAs that are specific for Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be identified from differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs). However, non-reproducible and inconsistent reports of DEmiRNAs hinder biomarker development. The most reliable DEmiRNAs can be identified by meta-analysis. To enrich the pool of DEmiRNAs for potential AD biomarkers, we used a machine learning method called adaptive boosting for miRNA disease association (ABMDA) to identify eligible candidates that share similar characteristics with the DEmiRNAs identified from meta-analysis. This study aimed to identify blood circulating DEmiRNAs as potential AD biomarkers by augmenting meta-analysis with the ABMDA ensemble learning method. METHODS Studies on DEmiRNAs and their dysregulation states were corroborated with one another by meta-analysis based on a random-effects model. DEmiRNAs identified by meta-analysis were collected as positive examples of miRNA-AD pairs for ABMDA ensemble learning. ABMDA identified similar DEmiRNAs according to a set of predefined criteria. The biological significance of all resulting DEmiRNAs was determined by their target genes according to pathway enrichment analyses. The target genes common to both meta-analysis- and ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs were collected to construct a network to investigate their biological functions. RESULTS A systematic database search found 7841 studies for an extensive meta-analysis, covering 54 independent comparisons of 47 differential miRNA expression studies, and identified 18 reliable DEmiRNAs. ABMDA ensemble learning was conducted based on the meta-analysis results and the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, which identified 10 additional AD-related DEmiRNAs. These 28 DEmiRNAs and their dysregulated pathways were related to neuroinflammation. The dysregulated pathway related to neuronal cell cycle re-entry (CCR) was the only statistically significant pathway of the ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs. In the biological network constructed from 1865 common target genes of the identified DEmiRNAs, the multiple core ubiquitin-proteasome system, that is involved in neuroinflammation and CCR, was highly connected. CONCLUSION This study identified 28 DEmiRNAs as potential AD biomarkers in blood, by meta-analysis and ABMDA ensemble learning in tandem. The DEmiRNAs identified by meta-analysis and ABMDA were significantly related to neuroinflammation, and the ABMDA-identified DEmiRNAs were related to neuronal CCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Xiaonan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
| | - Yongliang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078 Macao China
- BGI College & Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Siu-wai Leung
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China
- Edinburgh Bayes Centre for AI Research in Shenzhen, College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mazor G, Smirnov D, Ben David H, Khrameeva E, Toiber D, Rotblat B. TP73-AS1 is induced by YY1 during TMZ treatment and highly expressed in the aging brain. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14843-14861. [PMID: 34115613 PMCID: PMC8221307 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a factor associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM). It is therefore important to understand the molecular features of aging contributing to GBM morbidity. TP73-AS1 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) over expressed in GBM tumors shown to promote resistance to the chemotherapeutic temozolomide (TMZ), and tumor aggressiveness. How the expression of TP73-AS1 is regulated is not known, nor is it known if its expression is associated with aging. By analyzing transcriptional data obtained from natural and pathological aging brain, we found that the expression of TP73-AS1 is high in pathological and naturally aging brains. YY1 physically associates with the promoter of TP73-AS1 and we found that along with TP73-AS1, YY1 is induced by TMZ. We found that the TP73-AS1 promoter is activated by TMZ, and by YY1 over expression. Using CRISPRi to deplete YY1, we found that YY1 promotes up regulation of TP73-AS1 and the activation of its promoter during TMZ treatment. In addition, we identified two putative YY1 binding sites within the TP73-AS1 promoter, and used mutagenesis to find that they are essential for TMZ mediated promoter activation. Together, our data positions YY1 as an important TP73-AS1 regulator, demonstrating that TP73-AS1 is expressed in the natural and pathological aging brain, including during neurodegeneration and cancer. Our findings advance our understanding of TP73-AS1 expression, bringing forth a new link between TMZ resistance and aging, both of which contribute to GBM morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gal Mazor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dmitri Smirnov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Hila Ben David
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
Collapse
|
11
|
Melino G. Molecular Mechanisms and Function of the p53 Protein Family Member - p73. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1202-1209. [PMID: 33202205 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 years after identification of p53 and its crucial function in cancer progression, two members of the same protein family were identified, namely p63 and p73. Since then, a body of information has been accumulated on each of these genes and their interrelations. Biological role of p73 has been elucidated thanks to four distinct knockout mice models: (i) with deletion of the entire TP73 gene, (ii) with deletion of exons encoding the full length TAp73 isoforms, (iii) with deletions of exons encoding the shorter DNp73 isoform, and (iv) with deletion of exons encoding C-terminal of the alpha isoform. This work, as well as expression studies in cancer and overwhelming body of molecular studies, allowed establishing major role of TP73 both in cancer and in neuro-development, as well as ciliogenesis, and metabolism. Here, we recapitulate the major milestones of this endeavor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marchetti P, Antonov A, Anemona L, Vangapandou C, Montanaro M, Botticelli A, Mauriello A, Melino G, Catani MV. New immunological potential markers for triple negative breast cancer: IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, PTPRCAP. Discov Oncol 2021; 12:6. [PMID: 35201443 PMCID: PMC8777524 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-021-00401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, and settings of specific prognostic factors and efficacious therapies are made difficult by phenotypic heterogeneity of BC subtypes. Therefore, there is a current urgent need to define novel predictive genetic predictors that may be useful for stratifying patients with distinct prognostic outcomes. Here, we looked for novel molecular signatures for triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs). By a bioinformatic approach, we identified a panel of genes, whose expression was positively correlated with disease-free survival in TNBC patients, namely IL18R1, CD53, TRIM, Jaw1, LTB, and PTPRCAP, showing specific immune expression profiles linked to survival prediction; most of these genes are indeed expressed in immune cells and are required for productive lymphocyte activation. According to our hypothesis, these genes were not, or poorly, expressed in different TNBC cell lines, derived from either primary breast tumours or metastatic pleural effusions. This conclusion was further supported in vivo, as immuno-histochemical analysis on biopsies of TNBC invasive ductal carcinomas highlighted differential expression of these six genes in cancer cells, as well as in intra- and peri-tumoral infiltrating lymphocytes. Our data open to the possibility that inter-tumour heterogeneity of immune markers might have predictive value; further investigations are recommended in order to establish the real power of cancer-related immune profiles as prognostic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Marchetti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexey Antonov
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR UK
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chaitania Vangapandou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Montanaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M. Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Torvergata Oncoscience Research (TOR), University of Rome Tor Vergata, via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Distinct p63 and p73 Protein Interactions Predict Specific Functions in mRNA Splicing and Polyploidy Control in Epithelia. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010025. [PMID: 33375680 PMCID: PMC7824480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial organs are the first barrier against microorganisms and genotoxic stress, in which the p53 family members p63 and p73 have both overlapping and distinct functions. Intriguingly, p73 displays a very specific localization to basal epithelial cells in human tissues, while p63 is expressed in both basal and differentiated cells. Here, we analyse systematically the literature describing p63 and p73 protein-protein interactions to reveal distinct functions underlying the aforementioned distribution. We have found that p73 and p63 cooperate in the genome stability surveillance in proliferating cells; p73 specific interactors contribute to the transcriptional repression, anaphase promoting complex and spindle assembly checkpoint, whereas p63 specific interactors play roles in the regulation of mRNA processing and splicing in both proliferating and differentiated cells. Our analysis reveals the diversification of the RNA and DNA specific functions within the p53 family.
Collapse
|
14
|
Butera A, Cassandri M, Rugolo F, Agostini M, Melino G. The ZNF750-RAC1 axis as potential prognostic factor for breast cancer. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:135. [PMID: 33298895 PMCID: PMC7701147 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human zinc finger (C2H2-type) protein ZNF750 is a transcription factor regulated by p63 that plays a critical role in epithelial tissues homoeostasis, as well as being involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Indeed, missense mutations, truncation and genomic deletion have been found in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In keeping, we showed that ZNF750 negatively regulates cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells; in particular, ZNF750 binds and recruits KDM1A and HDAC1 on the LAMB3 and CTNNAL1 promoters. This interaction, in turn, represses the transcription of LAMB3 and CTNNAL1 genes, which are involved in cell migration and invasion. Given that ZNF750 is emerging as a crucial transcription factor that acts as tumour suppressor gene, here, we show that ZNF750 represses the expression of the small GTPase, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) in breast cancer cell lines, by directly binding its promoter region. In keeping with ZNF750 controlling RAC1 expression, we found an inverse correlation between ZNF750 and RAC1 in human breast cancer datasets. More importantly, we found a significant upregulation of RAC1 in human breast cancer datasets and we identified a direct correlation between RAC1 expression and the survival rate of breast cancer patient. Overall, our findings provide a novel molecular mechanism by which ZNF750 acts as tumour suppressor gene. Hence, we report a potential clinical relevance of ZNF750/RAC1 axis in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Butera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.,Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rugolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buckley N, Panatta E, Morone N, Noguchi M, Scorrano L, Knight RA, Amelio I, Melino G. P73 C-terminus is dispensable for multiciliogenesis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1833-1845. [PMID: 32584647 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1783055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family transcriptional factor p73 plays a pivotal role in development. Ablation of p73 results in severe neurodevelopmental defects, chronic infections, inflammation and infertility. In addition to this, Trp73-\- mice display severe alteration in the ciliated epithelial lining and the full-length N-terminal isoform TAp73 has been implicated in the control of multiciliogenesis transcriptional program. With our recently generated Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mouse model, we interrogate the physiological role of p73 C-terminal isoforms in vivo. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice lack exon 13 in Trp73 gene, producing an ectopic switch from the C-terminal isoforms p73α to p73β. Trp73Δ13/Δ13 mice show a pattern of expression of TAp73 comparable to the wild-type littermates, indicating that the α to β switch does not significantly alter the expression of the gene in this cell type. Moreover, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 do not display any significant alteration in the airway ciliated epithelium, suggesting that in this context p73β can fully substitute the function of the longer isoform p73α. Similarly, Trp73Δ13/Δ13 ciliated epithelium of the brain ependyma also does appear defective. In this district however expression of TAp73 is not detectable, indicating that expression of the gene might be compensated by alternative mechanisms. Overall our work indicates that C-terminus p73 is dispensable for the multiciliogenesis program and suggests a possible tissue-specific effect of p73 alternative splicing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall Buckley
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Nobuhiro Morone
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua , Padua, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Department of Pathology, Cambridge University , Cambridge, UK.,Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Knight JRP, Garland G, Pöyry T, Mead E, Vlahov N, Sfakianos A, Grosso S, De-Lima-Hedayioglu F, Mallucci GR, von der Haar T, Smales CM, Sansom OJ, Willis AE. Control of translation elongation in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm043208. [PMID: 32298235 PMCID: PMC7104864 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.043208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of protein synthesis makes a major contribution to post-transcriptional control pathways. During disease, or under stress, cells initiate processes to reprogramme protein synthesis and thus orchestrate the appropriate cellular response. Recent data show that the elongation stage of protein synthesis is a key regulatory node for translational control in health and disease. There is a complex set of factors that individually affect the overall rate of elongation and, for the most part, these influence either transfer RNA (tRNA)- and eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A)-dependent codon decoding, and/or elongation factor 2 (eEF2)-dependent ribosome translocation along the mRNA. Decoding speeds depend on the relative abundance of each tRNA, the cognate:near-cognate tRNA ratios and the degree of tRNA modification, whereas eEF2-dependent ribosome translocation is negatively regulated by phosphorylation on threonine-56 by eEF2 kinase. Additional factors that contribute to the control of the elongation rate include epigenetic modification of the mRNA, coding sequence variation and the expression of eIF5A, which stimulates peptide bond formation between proline residues. Importantly, dysregulation of elongation control is central to disease mechanisms in both tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration, making the individual key steps in this process attractive therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss the relative contribution of individual components of the translational apparatus (e.g. tRNAs, elongation factors and their modifiers) to the overall control of translation elongation and how their dysregulation contributes towards disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gavin Garland
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Tuija Pöyry
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Emma Mead
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Nikola Vlahov
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Aristeidis Sfakianos
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Stefano Grosso
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - C Mark Smales
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang C, Teo CR, Sabapathy K. p53-Related Transcription Targets of TAp73 in Cancer Cells-Bona Fide or Distorted Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041346. [PMID: 32079264 PMCID: PMC7072922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of p73 as a structural homolog of p53 fueled early studies aimed at determining if it was capable of performing p53-like functions. This led to a conundrum as p73 was discovered to be hardly mutated in cancers, and yet, TAp73, the full-length form, was found capable of performing p53-like functions, including transactivation of many p53 target genes in cancer cell lines. Generation of mice lacking p73/TAp73 revealed a plethora of developmental defects, with very limited spontaneous tumors arising only at a later stage. Concurrently, novel TAp73 target genes involved in cellular growth promotion that are not regulated by p53 were identified, mooting the possibility that TAp73 may have diametrically opposite functions to p53 in tumorigenesis. We have therefore comprehensively evaluated the TAp73 target genes identified and validated in human cancer cell lines, to examine their contextual relevance. Data from focused studies aimed at appraising if p53 targets are also regulated by TAp73—often by TAp73 overexpression in cell lines with non-functional p53—were affirmative. However, genome-wide and phenotype-based studies led to the identification of TAp73-regulated genes involved in cellular survival and thus, tumor promotion. Our analyses therefore suggest that TAp73 may not necessarily be p53’s natural substitute in enforcing tumor suppression. It has likely evolved to perform unique functions in regulating developmental processes and promoting cellular growth through entirely different sets of target genes that are not common to, and cannot be substituted by p53. The p53-related targets initially reported to be regulated by TAp73 may therefore represent an experimental possibility rather than the reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Cui Rong Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Biopolis, Singapore 138673, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Napoli M, Flores ER. The p53 family reaches the final frontier: the variegated regulation of the dark matter of the genome by the p53 family in cancer. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1636-1647. [PMID: 31910062 PMCID: PMC7567494 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1710054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 and its paralogues, p63 and p73, are essential to maintain cellular homoeostasis and the integrity of the cell's genetic material, thus meriting the title of 'guardians of the genome'. The p53 family members are transcription factors and fulfill their activities by controlling the expression of protein-coding and non-coding genes. Here, we review how the latter group transcended from the 'dark matter' of the transcriptome, providing unexpected and intriguing anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ciuffoli V, Lena AM, Gambacurta A, Melino G, Candi E. Myoblasts rely on TAp63 to control basal mitochondria respiration. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3558-3573. [PMID: 30487319 PMCID: PMC6286837 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
p53, with its family members p63 and p73, have been shown to promote myoblast differentiation by regulation of the function of the retinoblastoma protein and by direct activation of p21Cip/Waf1 and p57Kip2, promoting cell cycle exit. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that the TAp63γ isoform is the only member of the p53 family that accumulates during in vitro myoblasts differentiation, and that its silencing led to delay in myotube fusion. To better dissect the role of TAp63γ in myoblast physiology, we have generated both sh-p63 and Tet-On inducible TAp63γ clones. Gene array analysis of sh-p63 C2C7 clones showed a significant modulation of genes involved in proliferation and cellular metabolism. Indeed, we found that sh-p63 C2C7 myoblasts present a higher proliferation rate and that, conversely, TAp63γ ectopic expression decreases myoblasts proliferation, indicating that TAp63γ specifically contributes to myoblasts proliferation, independently of p53 and p73. In addition, sh-p63 cells have a defect in mitochondria respiration highlighted by a reduction in spare respiratory capacity and a decrease in complex I, IV protein levels. These results demonstrated that, beside contributing to cell cycle exit, TAp63γ participates to myoblasts metabolism control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ciuffoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,IDI-IRCCS, Biochemistry laboratory, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smirnov A, Cappello A, Lena AM, Anemona L, Mauriello A, Di Daniele N, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Candi E. ZNF185 is a p53 target gene following DNA damage. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3308-3326. [PMID: 30446632 PMCID: PMC6286825 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is a key player in the tumour suppressive DNA damage response and a growing number of target genes involved in these pathways has been identified. p53 has been shown to be implicated in controlling cell motility and its mutant form enhances metastasis by loss of cell directionality, but the p53 role in this context has not yet being investigated. Here, we report that ZNF185, an actin cytoskeleton-associated protein from LIM-family of Zn-finger proteins, is induced following DNA-damage. ChIP-seq analysis, chromatin crosslinking immune-precipitation experiments and luciferase assays demonstrate that ZNF185 is a bona fide p53 target gene. Upon genotoxic stress, caused by DNA-damaging drug etoposide and UVB irradiation, ZNF185 expression is up-regulated and in etoposide-treated cells, ZNF185 depletion does not affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, but interferes with actin cytoskeleton remodelling and cell polarization. Bioinformatic analysis of different types of epithelial cancers from both TCGA and GTEx databases showed a significant decrease in ZNF185 mRNA level compared to normal tissues. These findings are confirmed by tissue micro-array IHC staining. Our data highlight the involvement of ZNF185 and cytoskeleton changes in p53-mediated cellular response to genotoxic stress and indicate ZNF185 as potential biomarker for epithelial cancer diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Angela Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome 00163, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Frezza V, Fierro C, Gatti E, Peschiaroli A, Lena AM, Petruzzelli MA, Candi E, Anemona L, Mauriello A, Pelicci PG, Melino G, Bernassola F. ΔNp63 promotes IGF1 signalling through IRS1 in squamous cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:4224-4240. [PMID: 30594912 PMCID: PMC6326668 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has proved that deregulation of ΔNp63 expression plays an oncogenic role in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). Besides p63, the type 1-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway has been implicated in HNSCC development and progression. Most insulin/IGF1 signalling converges intracellularly onto the protein adaptor insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) that transmits signals from the receptor to downstream effectors, including the PI3K/AKT and the MAPK kinase pathways, which, ultimately, promote proliferation, invasion, and cell survival. Here we report that p63 directly controls IRS1 transcription and cellular abundance and fosters the PI3K/AKT and MAPK downstream signalling pathways. Inactivation of ΔNp63 expression indeed reduces tumour cell responsiveness to IGF1 stimulation, and inhibits the growth potential of HNSCC cells. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between p63 and IRS1 expression in human HNSCC tissue arrays and in publicly available gene expression data. Our findings indicate that aberrant expression of ΔNp63 in HNSSC may act as an oncogenic stimulus by altering the IGF signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Frezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- Department of Experimental Oncology European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT-CNR), Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Lena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS,, Rome 00163, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lopriore P, Capitanio N, Panatta E, Di Daniele N, Gambacurta A, Melino G, Amelio I. TAp73 regulates ATP7A: possible implications for ageing-related diseases. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3745-3760. [PMID: 30530920 PMCID: PMC6326685 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The p53 family member p73 controls a wide range of cellular function. Deletion of p73 in mice results in increased tumorigenesis, infertility, neurological defects and altered immune system. Despite the extensive effort directed to define the molecular underlying mechanism of p73 function a clear definition of its transcriptional signature and the extent of overlap with the other p53 family members is still missing. Here we describe a novel TAp73 target, ATP7A a member of a large family of P-type ATPases implicated in human neurogenerative conditions and cancer chemoresistance. Modulation of TAp73 expression influences basal expression level of ATP7A in different cellular models and chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed a physical direct binding of TAp73 on ATP7A genomic regions. Bioinformatic analysis of expression profile datasets of human lung cancer patients suggests a possible implication of TAp73/ATP7A axis in human cancer. These data provide a novel TAp73-dependent target which might have implications in ageing-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piervito Lopriore
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Panatta
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Leicester LE1 7HB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
p73 regulates epidermal wound healing and induced keratinocyte programming. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218458. [PMID: 31216312 PMCID: PMC6583996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p63 is a transcriptional regulator of ectodermal development that is required for basal cell proliferation and stem cell maintenance. p73 is a closely related p53 family member that is expressed in select p63-positive basal cells and can heterodimerize with p63. p73-/- mice lack multiciliated cells and have reduced numbers of basal epithelial cells in select tissues; however, the role of p73 in basal epithelial cells is unknown. Herein, we show that p73-deficient mice exhibit delayed wound healing despite morphologically normal-appearing skin. The delay in wound healing is accompanied by decreased proliferation and increased levels of biomarkers of the DNA damage response in basal keratinocytes at the epidermal wound edge. In wild-type mice, this same cell population exhibited increased p73 expression after wounding. Analyzing single-cell transcriptomic data, we found that p73 was expressed by epidermal and hair follicle stem cells, cell types required for wound healing. Moreover, we discovered that p73 isoforms expressed in the skin (ΔNp73) enhance p63-mediated expression of keratinocyte genes during cellular reprogramming from a mesenchymal to basal keratinocyte-like cell. We identified a set of 44 genes directly or indirectly regulated by ΔNp73 that are involved in skin development, cell junctions, cornification, proliferation, and wound healing. Our results establish a role for p73 in cutaneous wound healing through regulation of basal keratinocyte function.
Collapse
|
24
|
Topf U, Uszczynska-Ratajczak B, Chacinska A. Mitochondrial stress-dependent regulation of cellular protein synthesis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/8/jcs226258. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The production of newly synthesized proteins is vital for all cellular functions and is a determinant of cell growth and proliferation. The synthesis of polypeptide chains from mRNA molecules requires sophisticated machineries and mechanisms that need to be tightly regulated, and adjustable to current needs of the cell. Failures in the regulation of translation contribute to the loss of protein homeostasis, which can have deleterious effects on cellular function and organismal health. Unsurprisingly, the regulation of translation appears to be a crucial element in stress response mechanisms. This review provides an overview of mechanisms that modulate cytosolic protein synthesis upon cellular stress, with a focus on the attenuation of translation in response to mitochondrial stress. We then highlight links between mitochondrion-derived reactive oxygen species and the attenuation of reversible cytosolic translation through the oxidation of ribosomal proteins at their cysteine residues. We also discuss emerging concepts of how cellular mechanisms to stress are adapted, including the existence of alternative ribosomes and stress granules, and the regulation of co-translational import upon organelle stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Topf
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Chacinska
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
- ReMedy International Research Agenda Unit, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, Warsaw 02-097, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Pentimalli F, Grelli S, Di Daniele N, Melino G, Amelio I. Cell death pathologies: targeting death pathways and the immune system for cancer therapy. Genes Immun 2018; 20:539-554. [PMID: 30563970 PMCID: PMC6451632 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in the molecular mechanisms of cell death are a common feature of cancer. These alterations enable malignant cells to survive intrinsic death signalling leading to accumulation of genetic aberrations and helping them to cope with adverse conditions. Regulated cell death has historically been exclusively associated with classical apoptosis; however, increasing evidence indicates that several alternative mechanisms orchestrate multiple death pathways, such as ferroptosis, entosis, necroptosis and immunogenic cell death, each with distinct underlying molecular mechanisms. Although pharmacological targeting of cell death pathways has been the subject of intensive efforts in recent decades with a dominant focus on targeting apoptosis, the identification of these novel death pathways has opened additional venues for intervention in cancer cells and the immune system. In this mini-review, we cover some recent progress on major recently emerged cell death modalities, emphasizing their potential clinical and therapeutic implications. We also discuss the interplay between cell death and immune response, highlighting the potential of the combination of traditional anticancer therapy and immunocheckpoint blockade. While attempting to stimulate discussion and draw attention to the possible clinical impact of these more recently emerged cell death modalities, we also cover the major progress achieved in translating strategies for manipulation of apoptotic pathways into the clinic, focusing on the attempts to target the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and the tumour suppressor p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pentimalli
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS -Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rotblat B, Agostini M, Niklison-Chirou MV, Amelio I, Willis AE, Melino G. Sustained protein synthesis and reduced eEF2K levels in TAp73 -\- mice brain: a possible compensatory mechanism. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2637-2643. [PMID: 30507330 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1553341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p73 is a member of the p53 family, of which the transactivation domain containing isoform (TAp73) plays key roles in brain development and neuronal stem cells. TAp73 also facilitates homoeostasis and prevents oxidative damage in vivo by inducing the expression of its target genes. Recently, we found that in addition to its role in regulation of transcription, TAp73 also affects mRNA translation. In cultured cells, acute TAp73 depletion activates eEF2K, which phosphorylates eEF2 reducing mRNA translation elongation. As a consequence, there is a reduction in global proteins synthesis rates and reprogramming of the translatome, leading to a selective decrease in the translation of rRNA processing factors. Given the dramatic effects of Tap73 depletion in vitro it was important to determine whether similar effects were observed in vivo. Here, we report the surprising finding that in brains of TAp73 KO mice there is a reduced level of eEF2K, which allows protein synthesis rates to be maintained suggesting a compensation model. These data provide new insights to the role of TAp73 in translation regulation and the eEF2K pathway in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barak Rotblat
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,b Department of Life Sciences , Ben Gurion University in the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,d Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
| | - Ivano Amelio
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK
| | - Anne E Willis
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- a MRC Toxicology Unit , University of Cambridge , Rome , UK.,c Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, IDI-IRCCS , University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Raschellà G, Melino G, Gambacurta A. Cell death in cancer in the era of precision medicine. Genes Immun 2018; 20:529-538. [PMID: 30341419 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumors constitute a large class of diseases that affect different organs and cell lineages. The molecular characterization of cancers of a given type has revealed an extraordinary heterogeneity in terms of genetic alterations and DNA mutations; heterogeneity that is further highlighted by single-cell DNA sequencing of individual patients. To address these issues, drugs that specifically target genes or altered pathways in cancer cells are continuously developed. Indeed, the genetic fingerprint of individual tumors can direct the modern therapeutic approaches to selectively hit the tumor cells while sparing the healthy ones. In this context, the concept of precision medicine finds a vast field of application. In this review, we will briefly list some classes of target drugs (Bcl-2 family modulators, Tyrosine Kinase modulators, PARP inhibitors, and growth factors inhibitors) and discuss the application of immunotherapy in tumors (T cell-mediated immunotherapy and CAR-T cells) that in recent years has drastically changed the prognostic outlook of aggressive cancers. We will also consider how apoptosis could represent a primary end point in modern cancer therapy and how "classic" chemotherapeutic drugs that induce apoptosis are still utilized in therapeutic schedules that involve the use of target drugs or immunotherapy to optimize the antitumor response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, Via Anguillarese, 301, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, University of Cambridge, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Alessandra Gambacurta
- Department of Experimental Medicine TOR, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|