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Yoon SJ, Combs JA, Falzone A, Prieto-Farigua N, Caldwell S, Ackerman HD, Flores ER, DeNicola GM. Correction: Comprehensive Metabolic Tracing Reveals the Origin and Catabolism of Cysteine in Mammalian Tissues and Tumors. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1372. [PMID: 38616660 PMCID: PMC11016888 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-24-0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
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Flores ER, Tsai KY, Crowley D, Sengupta S, Yang A, McKeon F, Jacks T. Editorial Expression of Concern: p63 and p73 are required for p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Nature 2024; 627:E10. [PMID: 38418890 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa R Flores
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denise Crowley
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Shomit Sengupta
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Annie Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank McKeon
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.
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Napoli M, Deshpande AA, Chakravarti D, Rajapakshe K, Gunaratne PH, Coarfa C, Flores ER. Genome-wide p63-Target Gene Analyses Reveal TAp63/NRF2-Dependent Oxidative Stress Responses. Cancer Res Commun 2024; 4:264-278. [PMID: 38165157 PMCID: PMC10832605 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The p53 family member TP63 encodes two sets of N-terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms. They each regulate diverse biological functions in epidermal morphogenesis and in cancer. In the skin, where their activities have been extensively characterized, TAp63 prevents premature aging by regulating the quiescence and genomic stability of stem cells required for wound healing and hair regeneration, while ΔNp63 controls maintenance and terminal differentiation of epidermal basal cells. This functional diversity is surprising given that these isoforms share a high degree of similarity, including an identical sequence for a DNA-binding domain. To understand the mechanisms of the transcriptional programs regulated by each p63 isoform and leading to diverse biological functions, we performed genome-wide analyses using p63 isoform-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA sequencing, and metabolomics of TAp63-/- and ΔNp63-/- mouse epidermal cells. Our data indicate that TAp63 and ΔNp63 physically and functionally interact with distinct transcription factors for the downstream regulation of their target genes, thus ultimately leading to the regulation of unique transcriptional programs and biological processes. Our findings unveil novel transcriptomes regulated by the p63 isoforms to control diverse biological functions, including the cooperation between TAp63 and NRF2 in the modulation of metabolic pathways and response to oxidative stress providing a mechanistic explanation for the TAp63 knock out phenotypes. SIGNIFICANCE The p63 isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63, control epithelial morphogenesis and tumorigenesis through the interaction with distinct transcription factors and the subsequent regulation of unique transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Avani A. Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Division of Basic Science, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Jinesh GG, Smallin MT, Mtchedlidze N, Godwin I, Napoli M, Hackel N, Phadke MS, Deshpande AA, Li X, Lockhart JH, Baldwin JR, Acevedo-Acevedo S, Gao Y, Reiser MA, Smalley KS, Flores ER, Brohl AS. C19MC miRNA-520G induces SP100 antiviral gene transcription and inhibits melanin production in skin cutaneous melanoma. Genes Dis 2024; 11:60-63. [PMID: 37588194 PMCID: PMC10425800 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Goodwin G. Jinesh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Marian T. Smallin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nino Mtchedlidze
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Isha Godwin
- Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole Hackel
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Manali S. Phadke
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Avani A. Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John H. Lockhart
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jaden R. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Suehelay Acevedo-Acevedo
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yifeng Gao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Michelle A. Reiser
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Keiran S.M. Smalley
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrew S. Brohl
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Sarcoma Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Lockhart JH, Ackerman HD, Lee K, Abdalah M, Davis AJ, Hackel N, Boyle TA, Saller J, Keske A, Hänggi K, Ruffell B, Stringfield O, Cress WD, Tan AC, Flores ER. Grading of lung adenocarcinomas with simultaneous segmentation by artificial intelligence (GLASS-AI). NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:68. [PMID: 37464050 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung adenocarcinoma are invaluable for investigating molecular drivers of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. However, histological analysis of these GEMMs requires significant time and training to ensure accuracy and consistency. To achieve a more objective and standardized analysis, we used machine learning to create GLASS-AI, a histological image analysis tool that the broader cancer research community can utilize to grade, segment, and analyze tumors in preclinical models of lung adenocarcinoma. GLASS-AI demonstrates strong agreement with expert human raters while uncovering a significant degree of unreported intratumor heterogeneity. Integrating immunohistochemical staining with high-resolution grade analysis by GLASS-AI identified dysregulation of Mapk/Erk signaling in high-grade lung adenocarcinomas and locally advanced tumor regions. Our work demonstrates the benefit of employing GLASS-AI in preclinical lung adenocarcinoma models and the power of integrating machine learning and molecular biology techniques for studying the molecular pathways that underlie cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Lockhart
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Hayley D Ackerman
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Kyubum Lee
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Abdalah
- Quantitative Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Andrew John Davis
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Nicole Hackel
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - James Saller
- Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Aysenur Keske
- Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kay Hänggi
- Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Olya Stringfield
- Quantitative Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - W Douglas Cress
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA.
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, 33612, FL, USA.
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Yoon SJ, Combs JA, Falzone A, Prieto-Farigua N, Caldwell S, Ackerman HD, Flores ER, DeNicola GM. Comprehensive Metabolic Tracing Reveals the Origin and Catabolism of Cysteine in Mammalian Tissues and Tumors. Cancer Res 2023; 83:1426-1442. [PMID: 36862034 PMCID: PMC10152234 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine plays critical roles in cellular biosynthesis, enzyme catalysis, and redox metabolism. The intracellular cysteine pool can be sustained by cystine uptake or de novo synthesis from serine and homocysteine. Demand for cysteine is increased during tumorigenesis for generating glutathione to deal with oxidative stress. While cultured cells have been shown to be highly dependent on exogenous cystine for proliferation and survival, how diverse tissues obtain and use cysteine in vivo has not been characterized. We comprehensively interrogated cysteine metabolism in normal murine tissues and cancers that arise from them using stable isotope 13C1-serine and 13C6-cystine tracing. De novo cysteine synthesis was highest in normal liver and pancreas and absent in lung tissue, while cysteine synthesis was either inactive or downregulated during tumorigenesis. In contrast, cystine uptake and metabolism to downstream metabolites was a universal feature of normal tissues and tumors. However, differences in glutathione labeling from cysteine were evident across tumor types. Thus, cystine is a major contributor to the cysteine pool in tumors, and glutathione metabolism is differentially active across tumor types. SIGNIFICANCE Stable isotope 13C1-serine and 13C6-cystine tracing characterizes cysteine metabolism in normal murine tissues and its rewiring in tumors using genetically engineered mouse models of liver, pancreas, and lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Yoon
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Joseph A. Combs
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aimee Falzone
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Nicolas Prieto-Farigua
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Samantha Caldwell
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hayley D. Ackerman
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee. Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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Rodriguez CP, Kang H, Geiger JL, Burtness B, Chung CH, Pickering CR, Fakhry C, Le QT, Yom SS, Galloway TJ, Golemis E, Li A, Shoop J, Wong S, Mehra R, Skinner H, Saba NF, Flores ER, Myers JN, Ford JM, Karchin R, Ferris RL, Kunos C, Lynn JM, Malik S. Clinical Trial Development in TP53-Mutated Locally Advanced and Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:1619-1627. [PMID: 36053203 PMCID: PMC9745425 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutation is the most frequent genetic event in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), found in more than 80% of patients with human papillomavirus-negative disease. As mutations in the TP53 gene are associated with worse outcomes in HNSCC, novel therapeutic approaches are needed for patients with TP53-mutated tumors. The National Cancer Institute sponsored a Clinical Trials Planning Meeting to address the issues of identifying and developing clinical trials for patients with TP53 mutations. Subcommittees, or breakout groups, were tasked with developing clinical studies in both the locally advanced and recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) disease settings as well as considering signal-seeking trial designs. A fourth breakout group was focused on identifying and standardizing biomarker integration into trial design; this information was provided to the other breakout groups prior to the meeting to aid in study development. A total of 4 concepts were prioritized to move forward for further development and implementation. This article summarizes the proceedings of the Clinical Trials Planning Meeting with the goal of developing clinical trials for patients with TP53-mutant HNSCC that can be conducted within the National Clinical Trials Network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L Geiger
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carole Fakhry
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Quynh Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology-Radiation Therapy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Galloway
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erica Golemis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice Li
- Kaiser Permanente Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Stuart Wong
- Division of Neoplastic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Heath Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffit Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Ford
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Karchin
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Jean M Lynn
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shakun Malik
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Avdieiev S, Tordesillas L, Chiang OC, Chen Z, Simoes LS, Chen YA, Andor N, Gatenby R, Flores ER, Brown JS, Tsai KY. Abstract PR004: In vivo tracking of clonal dynamics during UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.evodyn22-pr004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The impact of chronic UV exposure on clonal dynamics and genomic diversity remains unclear. Our central hypothesis is that skin cancer is induced not by solely accumulation of somatic mutations, but rather a combination of mutations and disruption of the spatial and temporal constraints imposed by the skin’s 3-D architecture. Here we characterize clonal dynamics and transcriptional signatures during skin carcinogenesis using multicolor lineage tracing. Methods: We generated a K14Cre-ERT2 Confetti mice with inducible fluorophore (flr) expression. Mice were UV-irradiated for 3 months. Clones were 3-D digitized using confocal microscopy (z-stacks) and clone volumes estimated computationally. scRNAseq was used to compare UV-exposed (EXP) vs. non-exposed (NON) epidermis vs. skin tumors. Results: We generated 914 serial images of the EXP/NON skin over the course of 6 months following initiation of UV. We analyzed 16,135 clones from the EXP and 21,506 clones from the NON skin. We classified clone sizes into 3 classes represented by the small (<50,000 μm3), medium (50,000-500,000 μm3), and large “goliath” (> 500,000 μm3). The median size of clones does not differ between UV treatments and does not change with time. However, clones from EXP samples have significantly greater mean size than NON ones. Their mean sizes differed by some 1.5-fold, with an over 6-fold increase in variance, resulting in the sizes distribution to be highly skewed towards large clones with a long, narrow tail. Goliath clones are rarely present in the NON skin; however, they increase in number dramatically by months 3-4, plateauing between months 5-6. Using 3 ecological metrics (clone size, clone numbers, and coefficient of variation) we see phase shifts, which primarily distinguish months 1 & 2 from months 3 & 4. scRNAseq of EXP/NON epidermis and tumors revealed differential representation of 16 clusters, the majority of which could be mapped to previously defined keratinocyte populations. We observe dynamic changes to these clusters when progressing from normal skin to chronically exposed skin, and then to tumors. EXP clusters were associated with expression of cystatins (Scfa 3, BC100530), and alarmins/proliferative keratins (Krt16, Krt6a), which have been associated with skin injury. Clusters expressing cystatins and alarmins also increased in tumors. Flr-expressing keratinocytes harvested from large clones in EXP epidermis exhibited altered keratinocyte differentiation (downregulation of Krt77, Loricrin and Nfkbia, upregulation of cystatin), inflammation (downregulation of Nfkbia), and upregulation of metabolic regulators (carbonic anhydrase II and retinol transport (Rbp1)). Genes differentially expressed in exposed skin and retained in tumors may be required for carcinogenesis, while those expressed only in exposed skin likely required for adaptive responses to UV. Our findings have important implications for understanding cancer through an eco-evolutionary framework and designing novel approaches to cancer prevention.
Citation Format: Stanislav Avdieiev, Leticia Tordesillas, Omar Chavez Chiang, Zhihua Chen, Luiza Silva Simoes, Y. Ann Chen, Noemi Andor, Robert Gatenby, Elsa R. Flores, Joel S. Brown, Kenneth Y. Tsai. In vivo tracking of clonal dynamics during UV-induced skin carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Avdieiev
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Leticia Tordesillas
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Omar Chavez Chiang
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Luiza Silva Simoes
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Y. Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Noemi Andor
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Kenneth Y. Tsai
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Avdieiev S, Tordesillas L, Chiang OC, Chen Z, Simoes LS, Chen YA, Andor N, Gatenby R, Flores ER, Brown JS, Tsai KY. Abstract A017: In vivo tracking of clonal dynamics during UV-induced skin carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.evodyn22-a017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is available in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR004) of the Conference Proceedings.
Citation Format: Stanislav Avdieiev, Leticia Tordesillas, Omar Chavez Chiang, Zhihua Chen, Luiza Silva Simoes, Y. Ann Chen, Noemi Andor, Robert Gatenby, Elsa R. Flores, Joel S. Brown, Kenneth Y. Tsai. In vivo tracking of clonal dynamics during UV-induced skin carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Avdieiev
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Leticia Tordesillas
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Omar Chavez Chiang
- Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Luiza Silva Simoes
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Y. Ann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Noemi Andor
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Robert Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL,
| | - Kenneth Y. Tsai
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Tumor Biology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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Wang B, Wu HH, Abuetabh Y, Leng S, Davidge ST, Flores ER, Eisenstat DD, Leng R. p63, a key regulator of Ago2, links to the microRNA-144 cluster. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:397. [PMID: 35459267 PMCID: PMC9033807 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract As a key component of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), Argonaute2 (Ago2) exhibits a dual function regulatory role in tumor progression. However, the mechanistic basis of differential regulation remains elusive. p63 is a homolog of the tumor suppressor p53. p63 isoforms play a critical role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Herein, we show that p63 isoforms physically interact with and stabilize Ago2. Expression of p63 isoforms increases the levels of Ago2 protein, while depletion of p63 isoforms by shRNA decreases Ago2 protein levels. p63 strongly guides Ago2 dual functions in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of the miR-144/451 cluster increases p63 protein levels; TAp63 transactivates the miR-144/451 cluster, forming a positive feedback loop. Notably, miR-144 activates p63 by directly targeting Itch, an E3 ligase of p63. Ectopic expression of miR-144 induces apoptosis in H1299 cells. miR-144 enhances TAp63 tumor suppressor function and inhibits cell invasion. Our findings uncover a novel function of p63 linking the miRNA-144 cluster and the Ago2 pathway. Facts and questions Identification of Ago2 as a p63 target. Ago2 exhibits a dual function regulatory role in tumor progression; however, the molecular mechanism of Ago2 regulation remains unknown. p63 strongly guides Ago2 dual functions in vitro and in vivo. Unraveling a novel function of p63 links the miRNA-144 cluster and the Ago2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benfan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - H Helena Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Yasser Abuetabh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Sarah Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology & Physiology, 232 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Ave., University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 11405 - 87 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6G 1C9, Canada.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Roger Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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11
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Chitsazzadeh V, Nguyen TN, de Mingo Pulido A, Bittencourt BB, Du L, Adelmann CH, Ortiz Rivera I, Nguyen KA, Guerra LD, Davis A, Napoli M, Ma W, Davis RE, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Flores ER, Tsai KY. miR-181a promotes multiple pro-tumorigenic functions through targeting TGFβR3. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1956-1965.e2. [PMID: 34890627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) comprises 15-20% of all skin cancers and has a well-defined progression sequence from precancerous actinic keratosis (AK), to invasive cuSCC. In order to identify targets for chemoprevention, we previously reported a cross-species analysis to identify transcriptional drivers of cuSCC development and identified miR-181a as a potential oncomiR. We show that upregulation of miR-181a promotes multiple pro-tumorigenic properties by targeting an understudied component of TGFβ signaling, TGFβR3. miR-181a and TGFβR3 are upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in cuSCC. miR-181a overexpression (OE) and TGFβR3 knockdown (KD) significantly suppresses UV-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells and in primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). In addition, OE of miR-181a or KD of TGFβR3 by shRNA enhances anchorage-independent survival. miR-181a OE or TGFβR3 KD enhances cellular migration and invasion and upregulation of EMT markers. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrate that miR-181a directly targets the 3'UTR of TGFβR3. miR-181a upregulates pSMAD3 levels following TGFβ2 administration and results in elevated SNAIL and SLUG expression. Finally, we confirm in-vivo, that miR-181a inhibition compromises tumor growth. Importantly, these phenotypes can be reversed with TGFβR3 OE or KD in the context of miR-181a OE or KD, respectively, further highlighting the physiologic relevance of this regulation in cuSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Chitsazzadeh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tran N Nguyen
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Alvaro de Mingo Pulido
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Bruna B Bittencourt
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles H Adelmann
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ivannie Ortiz Rivera
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kimberly A Nguyen
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Leah D Guerra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Davis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard Eric Davis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Lymphoma-Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA; Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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12
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Xie M, Lee K, Lockhart JH, Cukras SD, Carvajal R, Beg AA, Flores ER, Teng M, Chung CH, Tan AC. TIMEx: tumor-immune microenvironment deconvolution web-portal for bulk transcriptomics using pan-cancer scRNA-seq signatures. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:3681-3683. [PMID: 33901274 PMCID: PMC11025676 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The heterogeneous cell types of the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) play key roles in determining cancer progression, metastasis and response to treatment. We report the development of TIMEx, a novel TIME deconvolution method emphasizing on estimating infiltrating immune cells for bulk transcriptomics using pan-cancer single-cell RNA-seq signatures. We also implemented a comprehensive, user-friendly web-portal for users to evaluate TIMEx and other deconvolution methods with bulk transcriptomic profiles. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION TIMEx web-portal is freely accessible at http://timex.moffitt.org. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kyubum Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - John H Lockhart
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Scott D Cukras
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rodrigo Carvajal
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Amer A Beg
- Department of Immunology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mingxiang Teng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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13
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Lee K, Lockhart JH, Xie M, Chaudhary R, Slebos RJC, Flores ER, Chung CH, Tan AC. Deep Learning of Histopathology Images at the Single Cell Level. Front Artif Intell 2021; 4:754641. [PMID: 34568816 PMCID: PMC8461055 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2021.754641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) encompasses many heterogeneous cell types that engage in extensive crosstalk among the cancer, immune, and stromal components. The spatial organization of these different cell types in TIME could be used as biomarkers for predicting drug responses, prognosis and metastasis. Recently, deep learning approaches have been widely used for digital histopathology images for cancer diagnoses and prognoses. Furthermore, some recent approaches have attempted to integrate spatial and molecular omics data to better characterize the TIME. In this review we focus on machine learning-based digital histopathology image analysis methods for characterizing tumor ecosystem. In this review, we will consider three different scales of histopathological analyses that machine learning can operate within: whole slide image (WSI)-level, region of interest (ROI)-level, and cell-level. We will systematically review the various machine learning methods in these three scales with a focus on cell-level analysis. We will provide a perspective of workflow on generating cell-level training data sets using immunohistochemistry markers to "weakly-label" the cell types. We will describe some common steps in the workflow of preparing the data, as well as some limitations of this approach. Finally, we will discuss future opportunities of integrating molecular omics data with digital histopathology images for characterizing tumor ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyubum Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - John H. Lockhart
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Mengyu Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ritu Chaudhary
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Robbert J. C. Slebos
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Christine H. Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aik Choon Tan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
- Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
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14
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Napoli M, Deshpande AA, Flores ER. The Landmark Discovery That Paved the Way to a Mechanistic Understanding of P53 Gain of Function and Personalized Medicine. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4394-4396. [PMID: 34470782 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In 1990, Baker and colleagues reported their seminal findings in Cancer Research focusing on the transition from adenoma to carcinoma of the colon. By sequencing the TP53 locus in 58 colorectal tumors (25 adenomas and 33 carcinomas) and measuring its allelic deletions, they discovered that this transition requires the loss of one TP53 allele and the mutation of the other one. Here, we discuss how this landmark discovery shed a new light on p53 mutations, prompting the generation of novel mouse models that definitively proved the mutant p53 gain-of-function hypothesis suggested by these results. Finally, we evaluate the implications that the Vogelstein model of cancer progression had on numerous aspects of cancer biology and cancer care, including the characterization of tumor evolution and the response to therapy, and how it ultimately contributed to the wider adoption of early detection screenings and personalized medicine.See related article by Baker and colleagues, Cancer Res 1990;50:7717-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Avani A Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida. .,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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15
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Amit M, Liu C, Mansour J, Gleber-Netto FO, Tam S, Baruch EN, Aashiq M, El-Naggar AK, Moreno AC, Rosenthal DI, Glisson BS, Ferrarotto R, Wong MK, Tsai K, Flores ER, Migden MR, Silverman DA, Li G, Khanna A, Goepfert RP, Nagarajan P, Weber RS, Myers JN, Gross ND. Elective neck dissection versus observation in patients with head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 2021; 127:4413-4420. [PMID: 34358340 PMCID: PMC10187975 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival benefit of elective neck dissection (END) for patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) of the head and neck and no evidence of regional metastasis (cN0) has never been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of END on patient survival. METHODS The authors included patients with head and neck cSCC who had undergone primary surgery from 1995 to 2017. The primary end point was survival, and the secondary end points were the incidence of occult regional disease and regional disease control. To assess the impact of END on survival, the authors used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with propensity score and matching techniques for internal validation. RESULTS A total of 1111 patients presented with no evidence of nodal disease; 173 had END, and 938 were observed. Adjuvant radiotherapy to the neck was administered to 101 patients (9%). END resulted in a 5-year overall survival rate of 52%, whereas the rate was 63% in the observation group (P = .003 [log-rank]). The 5-year disease-free survival rate for patients undergoing END was similar to that for the observation group (73% vs 75%; P = .429). A multivariate regression model showed that the performance of END was not associated with improved rates of overall, disease-specific, or disease-free survival; similarly, among patients with advanced disease (T3-4), those who underwent END did not have improved survival rates. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with cSCC of the head and neck, observation of the neck nodes resulted in noninferior survival rates in comparison with END at the time of primary surgery. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of END in patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jobran Mansour
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Frederico O Gleber-Netto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha Tam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health System and Henry Ford Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Erez N Baruch
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohamed Aashiq
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy C Moreno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David I Rosenthal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael K Wong
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael R Migden
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deborah A Silverman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Goujun Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anshu Khanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan P Goepfert
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Randal S Weber
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neil D Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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16
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Jinesh GG, Napoli M, Smallin MT, Davis A, Ackerman HD, Raulji P, Montey N, Flores ER, Brohl AS. Mutant p53s and chromosome 19 microRNA cluster overexpression regulate cancer testis antigen expression and cellular transformation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12673. [PMID: 34135394 PMCID: PMC8209049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) overexpresses the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) and is associated with an undifferentiated phenotype marked by overexpression of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) including anti-apoptotic melanoma-A antigens (MAGEAs). However, the regulation of C19MC miRNA and MAGEA expression in HCCs are not understood. Here we show that, C19MC overexpression is tightly linked to a sub-set of HCCs with transcription-incompetent p53. Using next-generation and Sanger sequencing we found that, p53 in Hep3B cells is impaired by TP53-FXR2 fusion, and that overexpression of the C19MC miRNA-520G in Hep3B cells promotes the expression of MAGEA-3, 6 and 12 mRNAs. Furthermore, overexpression of p53-R175H and p53-R273H mutants promote miR-520G and MAGEA RNA expression and cellular transformation. Moreover, IFN-γ co-operates with miR-520G to promote MAGEA expression. On the other hand, metals such as nickel and zinc promote miR-526B but not miR-520G, to result in the suppression of MAGEA mRNA expression, and evoke cell death through mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Therefore our study demonstrates that a MAGEA-promoting network involving miR-520G, p53-defects and IFN-γ that govern cellular transformation and cell survival pathways, but MAGEA expression and survival are counteracted by nickel and zinc combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goodwin G Jinesh
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Sarcoma Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marian T Smallin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Sarcoma Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Andrew Davis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hayley D Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Payal Raulji
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Nicole Montey
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Andrew S Brohl
- Sarcoma Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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17
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Wu HH, Wang B, Armstrong SR, Abuetabh Y, Leng S, Roa WHY, Atfi A, Marchese A, Wilson B, Sergi C, Flores ER, Eisenstat DD, Leng RP. Hsp70 acts as a fine-switch that controls E3 ligase CHIP-mediated TAp63 and ΔNp63 ubiquitination and degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2740-2758. [PMID: 33619536 PMCID: PMC7969027 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The major clinical problem in human cancer is metastasis. Metastases are the cause of 90% of human cancer deaths. TAp63 is a critical suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis. ΔNp63 acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor to block the function of p53 and TAp63. Although several ubiquitin E3 ligases have been reported to regulate p63 stability, the mechanism of p63 regulation remains partially understood. Herein, we show that CHIP, an E3 ligase with a U-box domain, physically interacts with p63 and promotes p63 degradation. Notably, Hsp70 depletion by siRNA stabilizes TAp63 in H1299 cells and destabilizes ΔNp63 in SCC9 cells. Loss of Hsp70 results in a reduction in the TAp63-CHIP interaction in H1299 cells and an increase in the interaction between ΔNp63 and CHIP in SCC9 cells. Our results reveal that Hsp70 acts as a molecular switch to control CHIP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p63 isoforms. Furthermore, regulation of p63 by the Hsp70-CHIP axis contributes to the migration and invasion of tumor cells. Hence, our findings demonstrate that Hsp70 is a crucial regulator of CHIP-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p63 isoforms and identify a new pathway for maintaining TAp63 or ΔNp63 stability in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Benfan Wang
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Stephen R Armstrong
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Yasser Abuetabh
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Sarah Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Wilson H Y Roa
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Ave., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, INSERM UMRS938, 184 Rue du Faubourg St-Antoine, 75571 Paris, France
| | - Adriano Marchese
- Department of Pharmacology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Ave., Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Beverly Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 11405 - 87 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Ave., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, 11405 - 87 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Roger P Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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18
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Lockhart JH, Ackerman HD, Lee K, Abdalah M, Davis A, Montey N, Boyle T, Saller J, Keske A, Hänggi K, Ruffell B, Stringfield O, Tan AC, Flores ER. Abstract PO-082: Automated tumor segmentation, grading, and analysis of tumor heterogeneity in preclinical models of lung adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.adi21-po-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Preclinical mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma are invaluable for the discovery of molecular drivers of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Histological analyses of these preclinical models require significant investments of time and training to ensure accuracy and consistency. Analysis by a clinical pathologist is the gold standard in this approach, but may be difficult to obtain due to the cost and availability of their services. As an alternative we have developed a digital pathology tool to identify, segment, grade, and analyze tumors in mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma. This convolutional neural network (CNN) model, based on ResNet18, was trained to classify normal lung tissue, normal airways, and the different grades (1 – 4) of lung adenocarcinoma from 100,000 224 × 224 pixel image patches (~16,000 patches per class). Our training dataset was constructed from whole slide images of hematoxylin and eosin stained lung sections from 4 different mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma with oncogenic Kras (KrasG12D/+), in combination with oncogenic p53 mutations (KrasG12D/+; p53R172H/+ and KrasG12D/+;p53R270H/+), or with the loss of the tumor suppressive TAp73 (KrasG12D/+;TAp7fltd/fltd). Our CNN demonstrated a strong correspondence with human pathologists on our holdout dataset, achieving a micro-F1 score of 0.81 on a pixel-by-pixel basis. As a test of our CNN, we analyzed two mouse models to better understand the role of TAp73 in lung adenocarcinoma: KrasG12D/+ (“K”) and KrasG12D/+;TAp73fltd/fltd (“TK”). Both human raters and our CNN reported a significant increase in the tumor burden of the compound mutant “TK” mice compared to the single mutant “K” mice. According to our CNN, this increased tumor burden was driven primarily by an increase in tumor size and not an increased number of tumors in “TK” mice. Because our CNN can assign different grades to regions within the same image patch and tumor, we also uncovered a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity that was not reported by the human pathologists, who are trained to assign one grade to a single tumor with a bias for the highest grade present in a given tumor. The finer grading resolution allowed our CNN to uncover the increased tumor size observed in the “TK” mice was due to expansion of Grade 2 regions (characterized by enlarged nuclei without irregular shape) within tumors that would be considered a higher grade by pathologists. Our CNN also provides a detailed map of tumor grades overlaid on the H&E images used for analysis, allowing for precise targeting of regions within tumors with other assays. We are currently utilizing these outputs in conjunction with other assays, such as spatial transcriptomic analysis and immunohistochemistry, to investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the expansion of Grade 2 tumor regions in “TK” mice. Future work will expand this tool into a multidimensional digital pathology pipeline that can accelerate current investigations and reveal new therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
Citation Format: John H. Lockhart, Hayley D. Ackerman, Kyubum Lee, Mahmoud Abdalah, Andrew Davis, Nicole Montey, Theresa Boyle, James Saller, Ayensur Keske, Kay Hänggi, Brian Ruffell, Olya Stringfield, Aik Choon Tan, Elsa R. Flores. Automated tumor segmentation, grading, and analysis of tumor heterogeneity in preclinical models of lung adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-082.
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19
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Mohamed E, Sierra RA, Trillo-Tinoco J, Cao Y, Innamarato P, Payne KK, de Mingo Pulido A, Mandula J, Zhang S, Thevenot P, Biswas S, Abdalla SK, Costich TL, Hänggi K, Anadon CM, Flores ER, Haura EB, Mehrotra S, Pilon-Thomas S, Ruffell B, Munn DH, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Conejo-Garcia JR, Rodriguez PC. The Unfolded Protein Response Mediator PERK Governs Myeloid Cell-Driven Immunosuppression in Tumors through Inhibition of STING Signaling. Immunity 2020; 52:668-682.e7. [PMID: 32294407 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The primary mechanisms supporting immunoregulatory polarization of myeloid cells upon infiltration into tumors remain largely unexplored. Elucidation of these signals could enable better strategies to restore protective anti-tumor immunity. Here, we investigated the role of the intrinsic activation of the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) in the immunoinhibitory actions of tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (tumor-MDSCs). PERK signaling increased in tumor-MDSCs, and its deletion transformed MDSCs into myeloid cells that activated CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against cancer. Tumor-MDSCs lacking PERK exhibited disrupted NRF2-driven antioxidant capacity and impaired mitochondrial respiratory homeostasis. Moreover, reduced NRF2 signaling in PERK-deficient MDSCs elicited cytosolic mitochondrial DNA elevation and, consequently, STING-dependent expression of anti-tumor type I interferon. Reactivation of NRF2 signaling, conditional deletion of STING, or blockade of type I interferon receptor I restored the immunoinhibitory potential of PERK-ablated MDSCs. Our findings demonstrate the pivotal role of PERK in tumor-MDSC functionality and unveil strategies to reprogram immunosuppressive myelopoiesis in tumors to boost cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rosa A Sierra
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - Yu Cao
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Patrick Innamarato
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kyle K Payne
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alvaro de Mingo Pulido
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jessica Mandula
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shuzhong Zhang
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Paul Thevenot
- Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Subir Biswas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sarah K Abdalla
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Tara Lee Costich
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kay Hänggi
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carmen M Anadon
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Shari Pilon-Thomas
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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20
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Lockhart JH, Lee K, Ackerman HD, Abdulah M, Davis A, Montey N, Boyle T, Saller J, Keske A, Hanggi K, Stringfield O, Tan AC, Flores ER. Abstract PO-023: Spatial genomics coupled with machine learning to identify p53-driven molecular signatures that are predictive of lung adenocarcinoma progression. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tumhet2020-po-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
P53 is frequently mutated in a wide variety of tumors; yet, the regulation and expression of downstream targets during tumor progression and response to therapy is unknown. Here, we use Kras/p53-driven lung adenocarcinoma in the mouse as a model system to identify p53-driven molecular signatures that predict lung adenocarcinoma progression. Using these tumors, we have developed a digital pathology tool using machine learning to grade lung adenocarcinomas. To do this, we analyzed hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) from mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma with Kras (KrasG12D/+) and in combination with p53 mutations (KrasG12D/+; p53R172H/+ and KrasG12D/+; p53R270H/+) and loss of TAp73 (KrasG12D/+; TAp73Δtd/Δtd). After grading, slides were divided into approximately 100,000 patches with dimensions of 224 × 224 pixels (113 × 113 µm). A convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on ResNet18 was trained to classify normal lung tissue, normal airways, and the different grades (1–4) of lung adenocarcinoma using 16,000 patches of each class. The resulting classification maps were used for analyses of tumor burden and progression. Adjacent tissue sections used for immunohistochemistry were co-registered to mapped H&E sections to investigate correlation between protein expression and tumor grade. Our CNN demonstrated a strong correspondence with human pathologists on our holdout dataset (81% agreement). Because our CNN can assign different grades to different regions within an image patch, we also uncovered a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity that was missed by human pathologists who assigned grades to entire tumors in a homogeneous manner. Both the pathologists and the CNN reported a significant increase in the tumor burden of compound mutant mice (KrasG12D/+; p53R172H/+, KrasG12D/+; p53R270H/+, and KrasG12D/+; TAp73Δtd/Δtd) compared to KrasG12D/+ mice. In addition, compound mutant mice were noted to have a greater proportion of high-grade (3-4) tumors by both approaches. In conclusion, our CNN demonstrates a high degree of agreement with human pathologists. Furthermore, this computational approach drastically increases the resolution of tumor grading in our mouse models and can detect regions of different grades within a single tumor. We are currently using single cell transcriptome analysis to define p53-molecular signatures that predict lung adenocarcinoma progression and grade. Future work will expand this tool into a multidimensional digital pathology pipeline that can accelerate current investigations and reveal new therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
Citation Format: John H. Lockhart, Kyubum Lee, Hayley D. Ackerman, Mahmoud Abdulah, Andrew Davis, Nicole Montey, Theresa Boyle, James Saller, Aysenur Keske, Kay Hanggi, Olya Stringfield, Aik Choon Tan, Elsa R. Flores. Spatial genomics coupled with machine learning to identify p53-driven molecular signatures that are predictive of lung adenocarcinoma progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-023.
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21
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Napoli M, Li X, Ackerman HD, Deshpande AA, Barannikov I, Pisegna MA, Bedrosian I, Mitsch J, Quinlan P, Thompson A, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Marchion DC, Magliocco AM, Tsai KY, Flores ER. Pan-cancer analysis reveals TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs that promote cancer progression through AKT activation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5156. [PMID: 33056990 PMCID: PMC7561725 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent genetic alterations across multiple human cancers are mutations in TP53 and the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, two events crucial for cancer progression. Mutations in TP53 lead to the inhibition of the tumour and metastasis suppressor TAp63, a p53 family member. By performing a mouse-human cross species analysis between the TAp63 metastatic mammary adenocarcinoma mouse model and models of human breast cancer progression, we identified two TAp63-regulated oncogenic lncRNAs, TROLL-2 and TROLL-3. Further, using a pan-cancer analysis of human cancers and multiple mouse models of tumour progression, we revealed that these two lncRNAs induce the activation of AKT to promote cancer progression by regulating the nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of their effector, WDR26, via the shuttling protein NOLC1. Our data provide preclinical rationale for the implementation of these lncRNAs and WDR26 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of human tumours dependent upon mutant TP53 and/or the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hayley D Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Avani A Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ivan Barannikov
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marlese A Pisegna
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Isabelle Bedrosian
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jürgen Mitsch
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,School of Computer Sciences University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alastair Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004, USA
| | - Douglas C Marchion
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.,Department of Tumour Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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22
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Bui NHB, Napoli M, Davis AJ, Abbas HA, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Flores ER. Spatiotemporal Regulation of ΔNp63 by TGFβ-Regulated miRNAs Is Essential for Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2833-2847. [PMID: 32312834 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ΔNp63 is a transcription factor of the p53 family and has crucial functions in normal development and disease. The expression pattern of ΔNp63 in human cancer suggests dynamic regulation of this isoform during cancer progression and metastasis. Many primary and metastatic tumors express high levels of ΔNp63, while ΔNp63 loss is crucial for tumor dissemination, indicating an oscillatory expression of ΔNp63 during cancer progression. Here, we use genetically engineered orthotopic mouse models of breast cancer to show that while depletion of ΔNp63 inhibits primary mammary adenocarcinoma development, oscillatory expression of ΔNp63 in established tumors is crucial for metastatic dissemination in breast cancer. A TGFβ-regulated miRNA network acted as upstream regulators of this oscillatory expression of ΔNp63 during cancer progression. This work sheds light on the pleiotropic roles of ΔNp63 in cancer and unveils critical functions of TGFβ in the metastatic process. SIGNIFICANCE: This study unveils TGFβ signaling and a network of four miRNAs as upstream regulators of ΔNp63, providing key information for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat cancers that commonly overexpress ΔNp63.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc H B Bui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andrew John Davis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. .,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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23
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Alam H, Tang M, Maitituoheti M, Dhar SS, Kumar M, Han CY, Ambati CR, Amin SB, Gu B, Chen TY, Lin YH, Chen J, Muller FL, Putluri N, Flores ER, DeMayo FJ, Baseler L, Rai K, Lee MG. KMT2D Deficiency Impairs Super-Enhancers to Confer a Glycolytic Vulnerability in Lung Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:599-617.e7. [PMID: 32243837 PMCID: PMC7178078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifiers frequently harbor loss-of-function mutations in lung cancer, but their tumor-suppressive roles are poorly characterized. Histone methyltransferase KMT2D (a COMPASS-like enzyme, also called MLL4) is among the most highly inactivated epigenetic modifiers in lung cancer. Here, we show that lung-specific loss of Kmt2d promotes lung tumorigenesis in mice and upregulates pro-tumorigenic programs, including glycolysis. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis preferentially impedes tumorigenicity of human lung cancer cells bearing KMT2D-inactivating mutations. Mechanistically, Kmt2d loss widely impairs epigenomic signals for super-enhancers/enhancers, including the super-enhancer for the circadian rhythm repressor Per2. Loss of Kmt2d decreases expression of PER2, which regulates multiple glycolytic genes. These findings indicate that KMT2D is a lung tumor suppressor and that KMT2D deficiency confers a therapeutic vulnerability to glycolytic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Mayinuer Maitituoheti
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Shilpa S Dhar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chae Young Han
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chandrashekar R Ambati
- Advanced Technology Core and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samir B Amin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bingnan Gu
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tsai-Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Hsi Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Florian L Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Advanced Technology Core and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Laura Baseler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kunal Rai
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1901 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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24
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Setty BA, Jinesh GG, Arnold M, Pettersson F, Cheng CH, Cen L, Yoder SJ, Teer JK, Flores ER, Reed DR, Brohl AS. The genomic landscape of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is typified by C19MC structural rearrangement and overexpression combined with TP53 mutation or loss. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008642. [PMID: 32310940 PMCID: PMC7192511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare and aggressive malignancy. Though the molecular underpinnings of this cancer have been largely unexplored, recurrent chromosomal breakpoints affecting a noncoding region on chr19q13, which includes the chromosome 19 microRNA cluster (C19MC), have been reported in several cases. We performed comprehensive molecular profiling on samples from 14 patients diagnosed with UESL. Congruent with prior reports, we identified structural variants in chr19q13 in 10 of 13 evaluable tumors. From whole transcriptome sequencing, we observed striking expressional activity of the entire C19MC region. Concordantly, in 7 of 7 samples undergoing miRNAseq, we observed hyperexpression of the miRNAs within this cluster to levels >100 fold compared to matched normal tissue or a non-C19MC amplified cancer cell line. Concurrent TP53 mutation or copy number loss was identified in all evaluable tumors with evidence of C19MC overexpression. We find that C19MC miRNAs exhibit significant negative correlation to TP53 regulatory miRNAs and K-Ras regulatory miRNAs. Using RNA-seq we identified that pathways relevant to cellular differentiation as well as mRNA translation machinery are transcriptionally enriched in UESL. In summary, utilizing a combination of next-generation sequencing and high-density arrays we identify the combination of C19MC hyperexpression via chromosomal structural event with TP53 mutation or loss as highly recurrent genomic features of UESL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvana A. Setty
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Goodwin G. Jinesh
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Florida, United States of America
| | - Michael Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Fredrik Pettersson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chia-Ho Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ling Cen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sean J. Yoder
- Molecular Genomics Core Facility, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie K. Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Damon R. Reed
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Florida, United States of America
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Brohl
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Florida, United States of America
- Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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Davis AJ, Tsinkevich M, Rodencal J, Abbas HA, Su XH, Gi YJ, Fang B, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Koomen JM, Tsai KY, Flores ER. TAp63-Regulated miRNAs Suppress Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma through Inhibition of a Network of Cell-Cycle Genes. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2484-2497. [PMID: 32156775 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
TAp63 is a p53 family member and potent tumor and metastasis suppressor. Here, we show that TAp63-/- mice exhibit an increased susceptibility to ultraviolet radiation-induced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC). A human-to-mouse comparison of cuSCC tumors identified miR-30c-2* and miR-497 as underexpressed in TAp63-deficient cuSCC. Reintroduction of these miRNAs significantly inhibited the growth of cuSCC cell lines and tumors. Proteomic profiling of cells expressing either miRNA showed downregulation of cell-cycle progression and mitosis-associated proteins. A mouse to human and cross-platform comparison of RNA-sequencing and proteomics data identified a 7-gene signature, including AURKA, KIF18B, PKMYT1, and ORC1, which were overexpressed in cuSCC. Knockdown of these factors in cuSCC cell lines suppressed tumor cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. In addition, selective inhibition of AURKA suppressed cuSCC cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and showed antitumor effects in vivo. Finally, treatment with miR-30c-2* or miR-497 miRNA mimics was highly effective in suppressing cuSCC growth in vivo. Our data establish TAp63 as an essential regulator of novel miRNAs that can be therapeutically targeted for potent suppression of cuSCC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides preclinical evidence for the use of miR-30c-2*/miR-497 delivery and AURKA inhibition in the treatment of cuSCC, which currently has no FDA-approved targeted therapies.See related commentary by Parrales and Iwakuma, p. 2439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Davis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Maksym Tsinkevich
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jason Rodencal
- Department of Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao-Hua Su
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Young-Jin Gi
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bin Fang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 and its paralogues, p63 and p73, are essential to maintain cellular homoeostasis and the integrity of the cell's genetic material, thus meriting the title of 'guardians of the genome'. The p53 family members are transcription factors and fulfill their activities by controlling the expression of protein-coding and non-coding genes. Here, we review how the latter group transcended from the 'dark matter' of the transcriptome, providing unexpected and intriguing anti-cancer therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA
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Abstract
Chemotherapy-resistant tumor cells are responsible for poor patient outcome. In this issue, Tonnessen-Murray et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201904051) elegantly show that chemotherapy triggers macrophage-like features in surviving cancer cells, which in turn phagocyte normal and tumor cells alike to outlast dormancy and cause relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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28
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Campbell JD, Yau C, Bowlby R, Liu Y, Brennan K, Fan H, Taylor AM, Wang C, Walter V, Akbani R, Byers LA, Creighton CJ, Coarfa C, Shih J, Cherniack AD, Gevaert O, Prunello M, Shen H, Anur P, Chen J, Cheng H, Hayes DN, Bullman S, Pedamallu CS, Ojesina AI, Sadeghi S, Mungall KL, Robertson AG, Benz C, Schultz A, Kanchi RS, Gay CM, Hegde A, Diao L, Wang J, Ma W, Sumazin P, Chiu HS, Chen TW, Gunaratne P, Donehower L, Rader JS, Zuna R, Al-Ahmadie H, Lazar AJ, Flores ER, Tsai KY, Zhou JH, Rustgi AK, Drill E, Shen R, Wong CK, Stuart JM, Laird PW, Hoadley KA, Weinstein JN, Peto M, Pickering CR, Chen Z, Van Waes C. Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas. Cell Rep 2019; 23:194-212.e6. [PMID: 29617660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smoking and/or human papillomavirus (HPV). SCCs harbor 3q, 5p, and other recurrent chromosomal copy-number alterations (CNAs), DNA mutations, and/or aberrant methylation of genes and microRNAs, which are correlated with the expression of multi-gene programs linked to squamous cell stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal differentiation, growth, genomic integrity, oxidative damage, death, and inflammation. Low-CNA SCCs tended to be HPV(+) and display hypermethylation with repression of TET1 demethylase and FANCF, previously linked to predisposition to SCC, or harbor mutations affecting CASP8, RAS-MAPK pathways, chromatin modifiers, and immunoregulatory molecules. We uncovered hypomethylation of the alternative promoter that drives expression of the ΔNp63 oncogene and embedded miR944. Co-expression of immune checkpoint, T-regulatory, and Myeloid suppressor cells signatures may explain reduced efficacy of immune therapy. These findings support possibilities for molecular classification and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christina Yau
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Reanne Bowlby
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Brennan
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huihui Fan
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Alison M Taylor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vonn Walter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Milton Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren Averett Byers
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine and Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Biostatistics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juliann Shih
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew D Cherniack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marcos Prunello
- Department of Medicine-Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Pavana Anur
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D Neil Hayes
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan Bullman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chandra Sekhar Pedamallu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Akinyemi I Ojesina
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Sara Sadeghi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Karen L Mungall
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - A Gordon Robertson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Christopher Benz
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Andre Schultz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rupa S Kanchi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carl M Gay
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Apurva Hegde
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hua-Sheng Chiu
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine-Pediatrics, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, UH-SeqNEdit Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Larry Donehower
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Janet S Rader
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rosemary Zuna
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hikmat Al-Ahmadie
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Departments of Pathology, Genomic Medicine, Dermatology, and Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77401, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Tumor Biology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jane H Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Esther Drill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronglei Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher K Wong
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Joshua M Stuart
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Peter W Laird
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Myron Peto
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhong Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Trillo-Tinoco J, Sierra RA, Mohamed E, Cao Y, de Mingo-Pulido Á, Gilvary DL, Anadon CM, Costich TL, Wei S, Flores ER, Ruffell B, Conejo-Garcia JR, Rodriguez PC. AMPK Alpha-1 Intrinsically Regulates the Function and Differentiation of Tumor Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5034-5047. [PMID: 31409640 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a primary mechanism of immune evasion in tumors and have emerged as a major obstacle for cancer immunotherapy. The immunoinhibitory activity of MDSC is tightly regulated by the tumor microenvironment and occurs through mechanistic mediators that remain unclear. Here, we elucidated the intrinsic interaction between the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and the immunoregulatory activity of MDSC in tumors. AMPKα signaling was increased in tumor-MDSC from tumor-bearing mice and patients with ovarian cancer. Transcription of the Ampkα1-coding gene, Prkaa1, in tumor-MDSC was induced by cancer cell-derived granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and occurred in a Stat5-dependent manner. Conditional deletion of Prkaa1 in myeloid cells, or therapeutic inhibition of Ampkα in tumor-bearing mice, delayed tumor growth, inhibited the immunosuppressive potential of MDSC, triggered antitumor CD8+ T-cell immunity, and boosted the efficacy of T-cell immunotherapy. Complementarily, therapeutic stimulation of AMPKα signaling intrinsically promoted MDSC immunoregulatory activity. In addition, Prkaa1 deletion antagonized the differentiation of monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC) to macrophages and re-routed M-MDSC, but not granulocytic-MDSC (PMN-MDSC), into cells that elicited direct antitumor cytotoxic effects through nitric oxide synthase 2-mediated actions. Thus, our results demonstrate the primary role of AMPKα1 in the immunosuppressive effects induced by tumor-MDSC and support the therapeutic use of AMPK inhibitors to overcome MDSC-induced T-cell dysfunction in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: AMPKα1 regulates the immunosuppressive activity and differentiation of tumor-MDSC, suggesting AMPK inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy to restore protective myelopoiesis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Trillo-Tinoco
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rosa A Sierra
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eslam Mohamed
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Álvaro de Mingo-Pulido
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Danielle L Gilvary
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Carmen M Anadon
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Tara Lee Costich
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - José R Conejo-Garcia
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
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30
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Gunaratne PH, Pan Y, Rao AK, Lin C, Hernandez‐Herrera A, Liang K, Rait AS, Venkatanarayan A, Benham AL, Rubab F, Kim SS, Rajapakshe K, Chan CK, Mangala LS, Lopez‐Berestein G, Sood AK, Rowat AC, Coarfa C, Pirollo KF, Flores ER, Chang EH. Activating p53 family member TAp63: A novel therapeutic strategy for targeting p53-altered tumors. Cancer 2019; 125:2409-2422. [PMID: 31012964 PMCID: PMC6617807 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 96% of high-grade ovarian carcinomas and 50% of all cancers are characterized by alterations in the p53 gene. Therapeutic strategies to restore and/or reactivate the p53 pathway have been challenging. By contrast, p63, which shares many of the downstream targets and functions of p53, is rarely mutated in cancer. METHODS A novel strategy is presented for circumventing alterations in p53 by inducing the tumor-suppressor isoform TAp63 (transactivation domain of tumor protein p63) through its direct downstream target, microRNA-130b (miR-130b), which is epigenetically silenced and/or downregulated in chemoresistant ovarian cancer. RESULTS Treatment with miR-130b resulted in: 1) decreased migration/invasion in HEYA8 cells (p53 wild-type) and disruption of multicellular spheroids in OVCAR8 cells (p53-mutant) in vitro, 2) sensitization of HEYA8 and OVCAR8 cells to cisplatin (CDDP) in vitro and in vivo, and 3) transcriptional activation of TAp63 and the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-inhibitor B-cell lymphoma 2-like protein 11 (BIM). Overexpression of TAp63 was sufficient to decrease cell viability, suggesting that it is a critical downstream effector of miR-130b. In vivo, combined miR-130b plus CDDP exhibited greater therapeutic efficacy than miR-130b or CDDP alone. Mice that carried OVCAR8 xenograft tumors and were injected with miR-130b in 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) liposomes had a significant decrease in tumor burden at rates similar to those observed in CDDP-treated mice, and 20% of DOPC-miR-130b plus CDDP-treated mice were living tumor free. Systemic injections of scL-miR-130b plus CDDP in a clinically tested, tumor-targeted nanocomplex (scL) improved survival in 60% and complete remissions in 40% of mice that carried HEYA8 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS The miR-130b/TAp63 axis is proposed as a new druggable pathway that has the potential to uncover broad-spectrum therapeutic options for the majority of p53-altered cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi H. Gunaratne
- Department of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Human Genome Sequencing CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Yinghong Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
- UPMC Genome CenterPittsburghPennsylvania
| | - Abhi K. Rao
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | | | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Antonina S. Rait
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Avinashnarayan Venkatanarayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Ashley L. Benham
- Department of Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas
- 10X Genomics Inc.PleasantonCalifornia
| | | | - Sang Soo Kim
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc.PotomacMaryland
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Clara K. Chan
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Lingegowda S. Mangala
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Gabriel Lopez‐Berestein
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Department of Experimental TherapeuticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive MedicineThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNAsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
| | - Amy C. Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCalifornia
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexas
| | - Kathleen F. Pirollo
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Division of Basic ScienceThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas
- Department of Molecular OncologyCancer Biology and Evolution Program, Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFlorida
| | - Esther H. Chang
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
- SynerGene Therapeutics, Inc.PotomacMaryland
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31
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Tordesillas L, Hesterberg R, Ortiz-Rivera I, Sell BR, Chiang OC, Nguyen KT, Murphy BL, Burnette PK, Flores ER, Tsai KY. Abstract 1227: Immune modulatory effect of pramlintide for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treatment. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) accounts for 15-20% of skin cancers. Treatment of cuSCC with pramlintide, a synthetic analog of the hormone amylin, is currently under investigation in mouse models and human clinical trials. In cancer cells, pramlintide inhibits glycolysis, resulting in cell death and tumor regression. In order to investigate the potential use of pramlintide in combinatory therapies with checkpoint inhibitors, we aimed to study the immune modulatory effect of pramlintide in an immune competent mouse model of spontaneous ultraviolet radiation-induced cuSCC, as well as its effect on human T cells in vitro. To induce cuSCC, SKH-1 hairless mice were subjected to ultraviolet radiation until at least one tumor reached >4mm of diameter. Mice were then treated with 45 µg/kg of pramlintide or vehicle control for 10 days, every other day. Skin-draining lymph nodes, spleen and tumors were harvested for immunophenotyping of the T cell and myeloid compartment by flow cytometry. While the proportion of CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) and CD3+ T cells remained constant after pramlintide treatment, a significant decrease in the proportion of both monocytic and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (m-MDSCs and g-MDSCs) was observed relative to vehicle-control treated mice. Interestingly, pramlintide abolished m-MDSC differentiation from bone marrow progenitors in vitro suggesting that pramlintide may regulate a pathway necessary for m-MDSC development. Purified human CD3+ T cells activated in the presence of pramlintide exhibited a time-dependent increase in intracellular and secreted IFN-γ. Therefore, pramlintide may have immune modulatory effects based on both a reduction in myeloid-dependent suppression and a direct stimulatory effect on T cells that would culminate in superior anti-tumor T cell responses that augment immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cuSCC.
Citation Format: Leticia Tordesillas, Rebecca Hesterberg, Ivannie Ortiz-Rivera, Brittney R. Sell, Omar Chavez Chiang, Kimberly T. Nguyen, Brian L. Murphy, Pearlie K. Burnette, Elsa R. Flores, Kenneth Y. Tsai. Immune modulatory effect of pramlintide for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1227.
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Abstract
This Outlook by Napoli and Flores discusses the study by Niklison-Chirou et al., in which they identify the p53 family member and p73 isoform TAp73 as a crucial factor causing glutamine addiction in aggressive medulloblastomas. These findings pave the way for the use of glutamine restriction as an adjuvant treatment for TAp73-expressing medulloblastomas. Medulloblastomas are among the most common malignant brain cancers in the pediatric population and consist of at least four distinct subgroups with unique molecular and genetic features and clinical outcomes. In this issue of Genes & Development, Niklison-Chirou and colleagues (pp. 1738–1753) identify the p53 family member and p73 isoform TAp73 as a crucial factor causing glutamine addiction in aggressive medulloblastomas. Their findings pave the way for the use of glutamine restriction as an adjuvant treatment for TAp73-expressing medulloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Lu Y, Cao J, Napoli M, Xia Z, Zhao N, Creighton CJ, Li W, Chen X, Flores ER, McManus MT, Rosen JM. miR-205 Regulates Basal Cell Identity and Stem Cell Regenerative Potential During Mammary Reconstitution. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1875-1889. [PMID: 30267595 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland development is fueled by stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. External cues from the microenvironment coupled with internal cues such as post-transcriptional regulation exerted by microRNAs regulate stem cell behavior and fate. Here, we have identified a miR-205 regulatory network required for mammary gland ductal development and stem cell regeneration following transplantation into the cleared mammary fat pad. In the postnatal mammary gland, miR-205 is predominantly expressed in the basal/stem cell enriched population. Conditional deletion of miR-205 in mammary epithelial cells impairs stem cell self-renewal and mammary regenerative potential in the in vitro mammosphere formation assay and in vivo mammary reconstitution. miR-205 null transplants display significant changes in basal cells, basement membrane, and stroma. NKD1 and PTPA, which inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway, and AMOT, which causes YAP cytoplasmic retention and inactivation were identified as miR-205 downstream mediators. These studies also confirmed that miR-205 is a direct ΔNp63 target gene that is critical for the regulation of basal cell identity. Stem Cells 2018;36:1875-15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jin Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zheng Xia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Li
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael T McManus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF Diabetes Center and the WM Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs at UCSF, San Francisco, California
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Graduate Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.,Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Alam H, Li N, Dhar SS, Wu SJ, Lv J, Chen K, Flores ER, Baseler L, Lee MG. HP1γ Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma by Downregulating the Transcription-Repressive Regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3834-3848. [PMID: 29764865 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is a major form of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Histone methylation reader proteins mediate the effect of histone methylation, a hallmark of epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, their roles in lung adenocarcinoma are poorly understood. Here, our bioinformatic screening and analysis in search of a lung adenocarcinoma-promoting histone methylation reader protein show that heterochromatin protein 1γ (HP1γ; also called CBX3) is among the most frequently overexpressed and amplified histone reader proteins in human lung adenocarcinoma, and that high HP1γ mRNA levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In vivo depletion of HP1γ reduced K-RasG12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma and lengthened survival of mice bearing K-RasG12D-induced lung adenocarcinoma. HP1γ and its binding activity to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 were required for the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. HP1γ directly repressed expression of the transcription-repressive regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A. Knockdown of NCOR2 or ZBTB7A significantly restored defects in proliferation, colony formation, and migration in HP1γ-depleted lung adenocarcinoma cells. Low NCOR2 or ZBTB7A mRNA levels were associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and correlated with high HP1γ mRNA levels in lung adenocarcinoma samples. NCOR2 and ZBTB7A downregulated expression of tumor-promoting factors such as ELK1 and AXL, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of HP1γ and its reader activity in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and reveal a unique lung adenocarcinoma-promoting mechanism in which HP1γ downregulates NCOR2 and ZBTB7A to enhance expression of protumorigenic genes.Significance: Direct epigenetic repression of the transcription-repressive regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A by the histone reader protein HP1γ leads to activation of protumorigenic genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3834-48. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunain Alam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Na Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shilpa S Dhar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah J Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jie Lv
- Institute for Academic Medicine, the Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, the Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Institute for Academic Medicine, the Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, the Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Laura Baseler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Wang C, He Y, Xu P, Yang Y, Saito K, Xia Y, Yan X, Hinton A, Yan C, Ding H, Yu L, Shu G, Gupta R, Wu Q, Tong Q, Lagor WR, Flores ER, Xu Y. TAp63 contributes to sexual dimorphism in POMC neuron functions and energy homeostasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1544. [PMID: 29670083 PMCID: PMC5906443 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03796-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism exists in energy balance, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that the female mice have more pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus than males, and female POMC neurons display higher neural activities, compared to male counterparts. Strikingly, deletion of the transcription factor, TAp63, in POMC neurons confers "male-like" diet-induced obesity (DIO) in female mice associated with decreased POMC neural activities; but the same deletion does not affect male mice. Our results indicate that TAp63 in female POMC neurons contributes to the enhanced POMC neuron functions and resistance to obesity in females. Thus, TAp63 in POMC neurons is one key molecular driver for the sexual dimorphism in energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Wang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenji Saito
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xia
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chunling Yan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hongfang Ding
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Likai Yu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rajat Gupta
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Patel V, Singh VP, Pinnamaneni JP, Sanagasetti D, Olive J, Mathison M, Cooney A, Flores ER, Crystal RG, Yang J, Rosengart TK. p63 Silencing induces reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:556-565.e1. [PMID: 29716728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes represents a potential new therapy for heart failure. We hypothesized that inactivation of p63, a p53 gene family member, may help overcome human cell resistance to reprogramming. METHODS p63 Knockout (-/-) and knockdown murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), p63-/- adult murine cardiac fibroblasts, and human cardiac fibroblasts were assessed for cardiomyocyte-specific feature changes, with or without treatment by the cardiac transcription factors Hand2-Myocardin (HM). RESULTS Flow cytometry revealed that a significantly greater number of p63-/- MEFs expressed the cardiac-specific marker cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in culture compared with wild-type (WT) cells (38% ± 11% vs 0.9% ± 0.9%, P < .05). HM treatment of p63-/- MEFs increased cTnT expression to 74% ± 3% of cells but did not induce cTnT expression in wild-type murine embryonic fibroblasts. shRNA-mediated p63 knockdown likewise yielded a 20-fold increase in cTnT microRNA expression compared with untreated MEFs. Adult murine cardiac fibroblasts demonstrated a 200-fold increase in cTnT gene expression after inducible p63 knockout and expressed sarcomeric α-actinin as well as cTnT. These p63-/- adult cardiac fibroblasts exhibited calcium transients and electrically stimulated contractions when co-cultured with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and treated with HM. Increased expression of cTnT and other marker genes was also observed in p63 knockdown human cardiac fibroblasts procured from patients undergoing procedures for heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of p63 facilitates direct cardiac cellular reprogramming and may help overcome the resistance of human cells to reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekkumar Patel
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Vivek P Singh
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | | | - Deepthi Sanagasetti
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Jacqueline Olive
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Megumi Mathison
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Austin Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, Tex
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Fla
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Todd K Rosengart
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.
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Abbas HA, Bui NHB, Rajapakshe K, Wong J, Gunaratne P, Tsai KY, Coarfa C, Flores ER. Distinct TP63 Isoform-Driven Transcriptional Signatures Predict Tumor Progression and Clinical Outcomes. Cancer Res 2017; 78:451-462. [PMID: 29180475 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TP63 is required to maintain stem cell pluripotency and suppresses the metastatic potential of cancer cells through multiple mechanisms. These functions are differentially regulated by individual isoforms, necessitating a deeper understanding of how the distinct transcriptional programs controlled by these isoforms affect cancer progression and outcomes. In this study, we conducted a pan-cancer analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas to identify transcriptional networks regulated by TAp63 and ΔNp63 using transcriptomes derived from epidermal cells of TAp63-/- and ΔNp63-/- mice. Analysis of 17 cancer developmental and 27 cancer progression signatures revealed a consistent tumor suppressive pattern for TAp63. In contrast, we identified pleiotropic roles for ΔNp63 in tumor development and found that its regulation of Lef1 was crucial for its oncogenic role. ΔNp63 performed a distinctive role as suppressor of tumor progression by cooperating with TAp63 to modulate key biological pathways, principally cell-cycle regulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the enrichment of pluripotent stem cells. Importantly, these TAp63 and ΔNp63 signatures prognosticated progression and survival, even within specific stages, in bladder and renal carcinomas as well as low-grade gliomas. These data describe a novel approach for understanding transcriptional activities of TP63 isoforms across a large number of cancer types, potentially enabling identification of patient subsets most likely to benefit from therapies predicated on manipulating specific TP63 isoforms.Significance: Transcriptomic analyses of patient samples and murine knockout models highlight the prognostic role of several critical mechanisms of tumor suppression that are regulated by TP63. Cancer Res; 78(2); 451-62. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ngoc Hoang Bao Bui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Justin Wong
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida. .,Department of Cutaneous Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida.,Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
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Wang S, Liang K, Hu Q, Li P, Song J, Yang Y, Yao J, Mangala LS, Li C, Yang W, Park PK, Hawke DH, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Xia W, Hung MC, Marks JR, Gallick GE, Lopez-Berestein G, Flores ER, Sood AK, Huang S, Yu D, Yang L, Lin C. JAK2-binding long noncoding RNA promotes breast cancer brain metastasis. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:4498-4515. [PMID: 29130936 DOI: 10.1172/jci91553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional therapies for breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) have been largely ineffective because of chemoresistance and impermeability of the blood-brain barrier. A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism that allows breast cancer cells to infiltrate the brain is necessary to circumvent treatment resistance of BCBMs. Here, we determined that expression of a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that we have named lncRNA associated with BCBM (Lnc-BM) is prognostic of the progression of brain metastasis in breast cancer patients. In preclinical murine models, elevated Lnc-BM expression drove BCBM, while depletion of Lnc-BM with nanoparticle-encapsulated siRNAs effectively treated BCBM. Lnc-BM increased JAK2 kinase activity to mediate oncostatin M- and IL-6-triggered STAT3 phosphorylation. In breast cancer cells, Lnc-BM promoted STAT3-dependent expression of ICAM1 and CCL2, which mediated vascular co-option and recruitment of macrophages in the brain, respectively. Recruited macrophages in turn produced oncostatin M and IL-6, thereby further activating the Lnc-BM/JAK2/STAT3 pathway and enhancing BCBM. Collectively, our results show that Lnc-BM and JAK2 promote BCBMs by mediating communication between breast cancer cells and the brain microenvironment. Moreover, these results suggest targeting Lnc-BM as a potential strategy for fighting this difficult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyu Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, and.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingsong Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuedong Yang
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chunlai Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peter K Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of System Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Toxicology, School of Public Health
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey R Marks
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gary E Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine and.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Abstract
This outlook discusses Nemajerova et al.’s finding that p73 plays a novel role in regulating motile ciliogenesis and pulmonary function. Multiciliogenesis is essential for the function of different epithelia, and its failure results in brain defects, respiratory diseases, and infertility. In this issue of Genes & Development, Nemajerova and colleagues (pp. 1300–1312) reveal the p53 family member and p73 isoform TAp73 as a transcription factor dictating the differentiation of multiciliated cells. Their findings provide the long-awaited unifying explanation for the diverse phenotypes of the p73 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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40
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Martin-Lopez M, Maeso-Alonso L, Fuertes-Alvarez S, Balboa D, Rodríguez-Cortez V, Weltner J, Diez-Prieto I, Davis A, Wu Y, Otonkoski T, Flores ER, Menéndez P, Marques MM, Marin MC. p73 is required for appropriate BMP-induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3034. [PMID: 28880267 PMCID: PMC5636977 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by somatic cell reprogramming holds great potential for modeling human diseases. However, the reprogramming process remains very inefficient and a better understanding of its basic biology is required. The mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) has been recognized as a crucial step for the successful reprogramming of fibroblasts into iPSCs. It has been reported that the p53 tumor suppressor gene acts as a barrier of this process, while its homolog p63 acts as an enabling factor. In this regard, the information concerning the role of the third homolog, p73, during cell reprogramming is limited. Here, we derive total Trp73 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with or without Trp53, and examine their reprogramming capacity. We show that p73 is required for effective reprogramming by the Yamanaka factors, even in the absence of p53. Lack of p73 affects the early stages of reprogramming, impairing the MET and resulting in altered maturation and stabilization phases. Accordingly, the obtained p73-deficient iPSCs have a defective epithelial phenotype and alterations in the expression of pluripotency markers. We demonstrate that p73 deficiency impairs the MET, at least in part, by hindering BMP pathway activation. We report that p73 is a positive modulator of the BMP circuit, enhancing its activation by DNp73 repression of the Smad6 promoter. Collectively, these findings provide mechanistic insight into the MET process, proposing p73 as an enhancer of MET during cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martin-Lopez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
| | - Laura Maeso-Alonso
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
| | - Sandra Fuertes-Alvarez
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
| | - Diego Balboa
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginia Rodríguez-Cortez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine. School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jere Weltner
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inmaculada Diez-Prieto
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Andrew Davis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yaning Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum Stem Cell Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine. School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita M Marques
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero and Departamento de Producción Animal, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Maria C Marin
- Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, University of León, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, Leon, Spain
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Liao W, Liu H, Zhang Y, Jung JH, Chen J, Su X, Kim YC, Flores ER, Wang SM, Czarny-Ratajczak M, Li W, Zeng SX, Lu H. Ccdc3: A New P63 Target Involved in Regulation Of Liver Lipid Metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9020. [PMID: 28827783 PMCID: PMC5566403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
TAp63, a member of the p53 family, has been shown to regulate energy metabolism. Here, we report coiled coil domain-containing 3 (CCDC3) as a new TAp63 target. TAp63, but not ΔNp63, p53 or p73, upregulates CCDC3 expression by directly binding to its enhancer region. The CCDC3 expression is markedly reduced in TAp63-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts and brown adipose tissues and by tumor necrosis factor alpha that reduces p63 transcriptional activity, but induced by metformin, an anti-diabetic drug that activates p63. Also, the expression of CCDC3 is positively correlated with TAp63 levels, but conversely with ΔNp63 levels, during adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, CCDC3, as a secreted protein, targets liver cancer cells and increases long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, but decreases ceramide in the cells. CCDC3 alleviates glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and steatosis formation in transgenic CCDC3 mice on high-fat diet (HFD) by reducing the expression of hepatic PPARγ and its target gene CIDEA as well as other genes involved in de novo lipogenesis. Similar results are reproduced by hepatic expression of ectopic CCDC3 in mice on HFD. Altogether, these results demonstrate that CCDC3 modulates liver lipid metabolism by inhibiting liver de novo lipogenesis as a downstream player of the p63 network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Liao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Physiology, Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yeong C Kim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198, NE, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - San Ming Wang
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198, NE, USA.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Malwina Czarny-Ratajczak
- Department of Medicine, Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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42
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Rigoutsos I, Lee SK, Nam SY, Anfossi S, Pasculli B, Pichler M, Jing Y, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Telonis AG, Rossi S, Ivan C, Catela Ivkovic T, Fabris L, Clark PM, Ling H, Shimizu M, Redis RS, Shah MY, Zhang X, Okugawa Y, Jung EJ, Tsirigos A, Huang L, Ferdin J, Gafà R, Spizzo R, Nicoloso MS, Paranjape AN, Shariati M, Tiron A, Yeh JJ, Teruel-Montoya R, Xiao L, Melo SA, Menter D, Jiang ZQ, Flores ER, Negrini M, Goel A, Bar-Eli M, Mani SA, Liu CG, Lopez-Berestein G, Berindan-Neagoe I, Esteller M, Kopetz S, Lanza G, Calin GA. N-BLR, a primate-specific non-coding transcript leads to colorectal cancer invasion and migration. Genome Biol 2017; 18:98. [PMID: 28535802 PMCID: PMC5442648 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-coding RNAs have been drawing increasing attention in recent years as functional data suggest that they play important roles in key cellular processes. N-BLR is a primate-specific long non-coding RNA that modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, facilitates cell migration, and increases colorectal cancer invasion. Results We performed multivariate analyses of data from two independent cohorts of colorectal cancer patients and show that the abundance of N-BLR is associated with tumor stage, invasion potential, and overall patient survival. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments we found that N-BLR facilitates migration primarily via crosstalk with E-cadherin and ZEB1. We showed that this crosstalk is mediated by a pyknon, a short ~20 nucleotide-long DNA motif contained in the N-BLR transcript and is targeted by members of the miR-200 family. In light of these findings, we used a microarray to investigate the expression patterns of other pyknon-containing genomic loci. We found multiple such loci that are differentially transcribed between healthy and diseased tissues in colorectal cancer and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Moreover, we identified several new loci whose expression correlates with the colorectal cancer patients’ overall survival. Conclusions The primate-specific N-BLR is a novel molecular contributor to the complex mechanisms that underlie metastasis in colorectal cancer and a potential novel biomarker for this disease. The presence of a functional pyknon within N-BLR and the related finding that many more pyknon-containing genomic loci in the human genome exhibit tissue-specific and disease-specific expression suggests the possibility of an alternative class of biomarkers and therapeutic targets that are primate-specific. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-017-1224-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sang Kil Lee
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: Institute of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Youn Nam
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical School, Daegu, Korea
| | - Simone Anfossi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara Pasculli
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: Laboratory of Oncology, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Yi Jing
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aristeidis G Telonis
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simona Rossi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Research Division of the Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tina Catela Ivkovic
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Linda Fabris
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter M Clark
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masayoshi Shimizu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roxana S Redis
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: ProQR Therapeutics, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maitri Y Shah
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Eun Jung Jung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jin-ju, South Korea
| | | | - Li Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jana Ferdin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spizzo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: CRO, National Cancer Institute, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Milena S Nicoloso
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: CRO, National Cancer Institute, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Anurag N Paranjape
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maryam Shariati
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aida Tiron
- Department of Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, 2201 Hempstead Tpke, East Meadow, NY, 11554, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Raul Teruel-Montoya
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Present address: Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBEER (CB15/00055), Murcia, Spain
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Division of Quantitative Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonia A Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, and Ipatimup - Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Menter
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhi-Qin Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sendurai A Mani
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang Gong Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Medfuture, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Research Center for Advanced Medicine - University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics, Proteomics and Experimental Pathology- The Oncology Institute " Prof Dr. Ion Chiricuta, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Center for RNA interference and non-coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Grünwaldt JM, Castellaro G, Flores ER, Morales-Nieto CR, Valdez-Cepeda RD, Guevera JC, Grünwaldt EG. Pastoralism in the drylands of Latin America: Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Peru. REV SCI TECH OIE 2016; 35:543-560. [PMID: 27917972 DOI: 10.20506/rst.35.2.2526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This article discusses various aspects of pastoralism in the Latin American countries with the largest dryland areas. The topics covered include: social, economic and institutional issues; grasslands and their carrying capacity; production systems and productivity rates; competition for forage resources between domestic livestock and wildlife; and the health status of livestock and wildlife. Most grasslands exhibit some degree of degradation. The percentage of offspring reaching weaning age is low: 47-66% of calves and 40-80% of lambs. Some pastoralists adopt patterns of transhumance. In the main, pastoralists experience a high poverty rate and have poor access to social services. For many pastoralists, wildlife is a source of food and by-products. Argentina, Chile, Mexico and Peru have animal health control agencies, are members of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) and have signed the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. Pastoral systems subsist mainly on income unrelated to pastoral farming. The OIE recognises all four countries as free from infection with peste des petits ruminants virus, and from rinderpest and African horse sickness. It is difficult to predict the future of pastoralism in Latin America because the situation differs from country to country. For instance, pastoralism is more important in Peru than in Argentina, where it is a more marginal activity. In the future, lack of promotion and protection policies could lead to a decline in pastoralism or to an adverse environmental impact on drylands.
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44
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Flores ER. Commentary on “Apoptosis, p53, and Tumor Cell Sensitivity to Anticancer Agents”. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6763-6764. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Venkatanarayan A, Raulji P, Norton W, Flores ER. Novel therapeutic interventions for p53-altered tumors through manipulation of its family members, p63 and p73. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:164-71. [PMID: 26652033 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 is highly mutated in human cancers, thus targeting this tumor suppressor pathway is highly desirable and will impact many cancer patients. (1,2) Therapeutic strategies to reactivate the p53-pathway have been challenging, (3,4) and no effective treatment exists. (5) We utilized the p53-family members, p63 and p73, which are not frequently mutated in cancer, to treat p53-defective cancers. The N-terminal splice variants of p63 and p73 are denoted as the TA and ΔN isoforms. We recently demonstrated that deletion of either ΔNp63 or ΔNp73 in p53-deficient mouse tumors results in tumor regression mediated by metabolic programming. Using this strategy, we identified pramlintide, a synthetic analog of amylin, as an effective treatment for p53 deficient and mutant tumors. Here, we show the utility of using pramlintide, as a potential cancer preventive option for p53-deficient tumors in mouse models. Additionally, we found that in vivo inhibition of both ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 in combination accelerates tumor regression and increases survival of p53-deficient mice. We report that inhibition of both ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 in combination results in upregulation of 3 key metabolic regulators, IAPP, GLS2, and TIGAR resulting in an increase in apoptosis and tumor regression in ΔNp63/ΔNp73/p53 deficient thymic lymphomas. These data highlight the value of generating inhibitors that will simultaneously target ΔNp63 and ΔNp73 to treat cancer patients with alterations in p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinashnarayan Venkatanarayan
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Translational Molecular Pathology , The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,c Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX USA
| | - Payal Raulji
- b Department of Translational Molecular Pathology , The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,c Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX USA
| | - William Norton
- d Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery , The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston ; TX , USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- a Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology , The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b Department of Translational Molecular Pathology , The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,c Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX USA
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46
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Chitsazzadeh V, Coarfa C, Drummond JA, Nguyen T, Joseph A, Chilukuri S, Charpiot E, Adelmann CH, Ching G, Nguyen TN, Nicholas C, Thomas VD, Migden M, MacFarlane D, Thompson E, Shen J, Takata Y, McNiece K, Polansky MA, Abbas HA, Rajapakshe K, Gower A, Spira A, Covington KR, Xiao W, Gunaratne P, Pickering C, Frederick M, Myers JN, Shen L, Yao H, Su X, Rapini RP, Wheeler DA, Hawk ET, Flores ER, Tsai KY. Cross-species identification of genomic drivers of squamous cell carcinoma development across preneoplastic intermediates. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12601. [PMID: 27574101 PMCID: PMC5013636 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) comprises 15-20% of all skin cancers, accounting for over 700,000 cases in USA annually. Most cuSCC arise in association with a distinct precancerous lesion, the actinic keratosis (AK). To identify potential targets for molecularly targeted chemoprevention, here we perform integrated cross-species genomic analysis of cuSCC development through the preneoplastic AK stage using matched human samples and a solar ultraviolet radiation-driven Hairless mouse model. We identify the major transcriptional drivers of this progression sequence, showing that the key genomic changes in cuSCC development occur in the normal skin to AK transition. Our data validate the use of this ultraviolet radiation-driven mouse cuSCC model for cross-species analysis and demonstrate that cuSCC bears deep molecular similarities to multiple carcinogen-driven SCCs from diverse sites, suggesting that cuSCC may serve as an effective, accessible model for multiple SCC types and that common treatment and prevention strategies may be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Chitsazzadeh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer A Drummond
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tri Nguyen
- Northwest Diagnostic Clinic, Houston, Texas 77090, USA
| | - Aaron Joseph
- Skin and Laser Surgery Associates, Pasadena, Texas 77505, USA
| | | | | | - Charles H Adelmann
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Grace Ching
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Tran N Nguyen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Valencia D Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael Migden
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Deborah MacFarlane
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Erika Thompson
- Sequencing and Microarray Facility, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianjun Shen
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Smithville, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yoko Takata
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Smithville, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kayla McNiece
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Maxim A Polansky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Adam Gower
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kyle R Covington
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Weimin Xiao
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Curtis Pickering
- Department of Head &Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Mitchell Frederick
- Department of Head &Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head &Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Bioinformatics &Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald P Rapini
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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47
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Wang Y, Wang X, Flores ER, Yu J, Chang S. Dysfunctional telomeres induce p53-dependent and independent apoptosis to compromise cellular proliferation and inhibit tumor formation. Aging Cell 2016; 15:646-60. [PMID: 27113195 PMCID: PMC4933665 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with progressive telomere shortening, resulting in the formation of dysfunctional telomeres that compromise tissue proliferation. However, dysfunctional telomeres can limit tumorigenesis by activating p53-dependent cellular senescence and apoptosis. While activation of both senescence and apoptosis is required for repress tumor formation, it is not clear which pathway is the major tumor suppressive pathway in vivo. In this study, we generated Eμ-myc; Pot1b(∆/∆) mouse to directly compare tumor formation under conditions in which either p53-dependent apoptosis or senescence is activated by telomeres devoid of the shelterin component Pot1b. We found that activation of p53-dependent apoptosis plays a more critical role in suppressing lymphoma formation than p53-dependent senescence. In addition, we found that telomeres in Pot1b(∆/∆) ; p53(-/-) mice activate an ATR-Chk1-dependent DNA damage response to initiate a robust p53-independent, p73-dependent apoptotic pathway that limited stem cell proliferation but suppressed B-cell lymphomagenesis. Our results demonstrate that in mouse models, both p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis are important to suppressing tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Xinwei Wang
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology Department of Translational Molecular Pathology Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences U.T. MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Jian Yu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Hillman Cancer Center Research Pavilion Pittsburgh PA USA
| | - Sandy Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
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48
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Adelmann CH, Truong K, Liang R, Bansal V, Saporito R, Lee W, Du L, Nicholas C, Napoli M, Flores ER, Tsai KY. Abstract 2613: MEK is a therapeutic and chemopreventative target in squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: While the prognosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cuSCC) is excellent overall, advanced metastatic disease represents a substantial mortality burden for which no standard targeted therapy exists. Findings from genomic and proteomic studies and the observed induction of cuSCC by BRAF inhibitor driven MEK/ERK pathway engagement suggest that MEK/ERK activation is essential for cuSCC tumorigenesis and tumor proliferation. Most cuSCC arise from a clinically and histopathologically defined preneoplastic precursor, the actinic keratosis (AK). Molecular studies of early events in cuSCC pathogenesis strongly implicate MEK/ERK signaling at the proteomic and transcriptional level. This occurs at the earliest recognizable transitions from chronically UV-exposed skin to AK, with sharp elevation of ETS2/ELK1 transcriptional target expression. With these compelling rationales in mind, we tested whether MEK inhibitors (MEKi) are a clinically actionable treatment and chemoprevention approach for cuSCC. Given that several MEKi are approved, this is a readily translated strategy.
Experimental Design: Preclinical testing was performed in 10 cuSCC cell lines and two mouse models of cuSCC using two distinct MEK inhibitors, trametinib and cobimetinib. We show that two MEKi, trametinib and cobimetinib are highly effective against cuSCC cell lines in culture, effectively engage MEK/ERK signaling in cells and in vivo, and potently induce cell cycle arrest and senescence. Both established and new tumors are powerfully inhibited in both xenograft and UV-driven autochthonous mouse models. This model, which utilizes immunocompetent SKH-1E mice exposed to chronic, low-dose, solar simulated UV light (12.5 kJ/m2 UVB weekly administered across three doses) more faithfully recapitulates human cuSCC molecularly than chemical carcinogenesis models. Lesions in this model exhibit heterogeneity in latency and responses to therapy, as do human tumors.
Results: MEK inhibitor treatment of cuSCC lines strongly reduces proliferation and induces senescence markers in cells, including p21 and beta-galactosidase. This response was universal, but highly heterogeneous. Sensitivity to MEKi was determined, in part, by modulation of AKT activity, and combination MEKi and AKTi. In-vivo, an SRB1 xenograft model was exquisitely sensitive to oral trametinib treatment, and in our spontaneous UV-driven Hairless mouse model of cuSCC, treatment with the MEK inhibitors trametinib and cobimetinib strongly reduced tumor growth and almost completely abrogated tumor induction. We confirmed target engagement in-vivo showing that ERK signaling was significantly suppressed.
Conclusions: Overall, we conclude MEK signaling is critical for cuSCC tumor induction and maintenance, and that MEK inhibition is an attractive approach for both advanced cuSCC treatment as well as chemoprevention.
Citation Format: Charles H. Adelmann, Kimberly Truong, Roger Liang, Varun Bansal, Rachael Saporito, Woojin Lee, Lili Du, Courtney Nicholas, Marco Napoli, Elsa R. Flores, Kenneth Y. Tsai. MEK is a therapeutic and chemopreventative target in squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2613.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roger Liang
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Varun Bansal
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Woojin Lee
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lili Du
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Marco Napoli
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elsa R. Flores
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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49
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Napoli M, Venkatanarayan A, Raulji P, Meyers BA, Norton W, Mangala LS, Sood AK, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Vin H, Duvic M, Tetzlaff MB, Curry JL, Rook AH, Abbas HA, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Tsai KY, Flores ER. ΔNp63/DGCR8-Dependent MicroRNAs Mediate Therapeutic Efficacy of HDAC Inhibitors in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:874-888. [PMID: 27300436 PMCID: PMC4908836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63 is an oncogenic member of the p53 family and acts to inhibit the tumor-suppressive activities of the p53 family. By performing a chemical library screen, we identified histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) as agents reducing ΔNp63 protein stability through the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Fbw7. ΔNp63 inhibition decreases the levels of its transcriptional target, DGCR8, and the maturation of let-7d and miR-128, which we found to be critical for HDACi function in vitro and in vivo. Our work identified Fbw7 as a predictive marker for HDACi response in squamous cell carcinomas and lymphomas, and unveiled let-7d and miR-128 as specific targets to bypass tumor resistance to HDACi treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Avinashnarayan Venkatanarayan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Payal Raulji
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brooke A Meyers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William Norton
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Harina Vin
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Madeleine Duvic
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael B Tetzlaff
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan L Curry
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hussein A Abbas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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50
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Adelmann CH, Truong KA, Liang RJ, Bansal V, Gandee L, Saporito RC, Lee W, Du L, Nicholas C, Napoli M, Mino B, South AP, Proby CM, Leigh IM, Coarfa C, Flores ER, Tsai KY. MEK Is a Therapeutic and Chemopreventative Target in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1920-1924. [PMID: 27293029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Adelmann
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kimberly A Truong
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roger J Liang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varun Bansal
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leah Gandee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachael C Saporito
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney Nicholas
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marco Napoli
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology, Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Centre Molecular Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elsa R Flores
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kenneth Y Tsai
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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