1
|
Dagah OMA, Silaa BB, Zhu M, Pan Q, Qi L, Liu X, Liu Y, Peng W, Ullah Z, Yudas AF, Muhammad A, Zhang X, Lu J. Exploring Immune Redox Modulation in Bacterial Infections: Insights into Thioredoxin-Mediated Interactions and Implications for Understanding Host-Pathogen Dynamics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:545. [PMID: 38790650 PMCID: PMC11117976 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections trigger a multifaceted interplay between inflammatory mediators and redox regulation. Recently, accumulating evidence has shown that redox signaling plays a significant role in immune initiation and subsequent immune cell functions. This review addresses the crucial role of the thioredoxin (Trx) system in the initiation of immune reactions and regulation of inflammatory responses during bacterial infections. Downstream signaling pathways in various immune cells involve thiol-dependent redox regulation, highlighting the pivotal roles of thiol redox systems in defense mechanisms. Conversely, the survival and virulence of pathogenic bacteria are enhanced by their ability to counteract oxidative stress and immune attacks. This is achieved through the reduction of oxidized proteins and the modulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways, which are functions of the Trx system, thereby fortifying bacterial resistance. Moreover, some selenium/sulfur-containing compounds could potentially be developed into targeted therapeutic interventions for pathogenic bacteria. Taken together, the Trx system is a key player in redox regulation during bacterial infection, and contributes to host-pathogen interactions, offering valuable insights for future research and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer M. A. Dagah
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Billton Bryson Silaa
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Minghui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Qiu Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Linlin Qi
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Wenjing Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Appolonia F. Yudas
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Amir Muhammad
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Jun Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (O.M.A.D.); (B.B.S.); (M.Z.); (Q.P.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.P.); (Z.U.); (A.F.Y.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu YG, Battini N, Fang B, Zhou CH. Discovery of indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins as novel potential broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116392. [PMID: 38608408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of serious bacterial resistance towards clinical oxacins poses a considerable threat to global public health, necessitating the development of novel structural antibacterial agents. Seven types of novel indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins (IDOs) were designed and synthesized for the first time from commercial 3,4-difluoroaniline via an eight-step procedure. The synthesized compounds were characterized by modern spectroscopic techniques. All target molecules were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Most of the prepared IDOs showed a broad antibacterial spectrum and strong activities against the tested strains, especially ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d (0.25-0.5 μg/mL) and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e (0.25-1 μg/mL) exhibited much superior antibacterial efficacies to reference drug norfloxacin. These highly active IDOs also displayed low hemolysis, cytotoxicity and resistance, as well as rapid bactericidal capacity. Further investigations indicated that ethoxycarbonyl IDO 10d and hydroxyethyl IDO 10e could effectively reduce the exopolysaccharide content and eradicate the formed biofilm, which might delay the development of drug resistance. Preliminary exploration of the antibacterial mechanism revealed that active IDOs could not only destroy membrane integrity, resulting in changes in membrane permeability, but also promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to the production of malondialdehyde and decreased bacterial metabolism. Moreover, they exhibited the capability to bind with DNA and DNA gyrase, forming supramolecular complexes through various noncovalent interactions, thereby inhibiting DNA replication and causing bacterial death. All the above results suggested that the newly developed indolylacryloyl-derived oxacins should hold great promise as potential multitargeting broad-spectrum antibacterial candidates to overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Gao Hu
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Narsaiah Battini
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bo Fang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Kinase Modulators As Innovative Medicine, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, China.
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Strnad M, Rudenko N, Rego RO. Pathogenicity and virulence of Borrelia burgdorferi. Virulence 2023; 14:2265015. [PMID: 37814488 PMCID: PMC10566445 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2265015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi often triggers pathophysiologic perturbations that are further augmented by the inflammatory responses of the host, resulting in the severe clinical conditions of Lyme disease. While our apprehension of the spatial and temporal integration of the virulence determinants during the enzootic cycle of B. burgdorferi is constantly being improved, there is still much to be discovered. Many of the novel virulence strategies discussed in this review are undetermined. Lyme disease spirochaetes must surmount numerous molecular and mechanical obstacles in order to establish a disseminated infection in a vertebrate host. These barriers include borrelial relocation from the midgut of the feeding tick to its body cavity and further to the salivary glands, deposition to the skin, haematogenous dissemination, extravasation from blood circulation system, evasion of the host immune responses, localization to protective niches, and establishment of local as well as distal infection in multiple tissues and organs. Here, the various well-defined but also possible novel strategies and virulence mechanisms used by B. burgdorferi to evade obstacles laid out by the tick vector and usually the mammalian host during colonization and infection are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Strnad
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Rudenko
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan O.M. Rego
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Parasitology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pessôa-Pereira D, Scorza BM, Cyndari KI, Beasley EA, Petersen CA. Modulation of Macrophage Redox and Apoptotic Processes to Leishmania infantum during Coinfection with the Tick-Borne Bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi. Pathogens 2023; 12:1128. [PMID: 37764937 PMCID: PMC10537792 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease caused by protozoan Leishmania infantum. Dogs with CanL are often coinfected with tick-borne bacterial pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi in the United States. These coinfections have been causally associated with hastened disease progression and mortality. However, the specific cellular mechanisms of how coinfections affect microbicidal responses against L. infantum are unknown. We hypothesized that B. burgdorferi coinfection impacts host macrophage effector functions, prompting L. infantum intracellular survival. In vitro experiments demonstrated that exposure to B. burgdorferi spirochetes significantly increased L. infantum parasite burden and pro-inflammatory responses in DH82 canine macrophage cells. Induction of cell death and generation of mitochondrial ROS were significantly decreased in coinfected DH82 cells compared to uninfected and L. infantum-infected cells. Ex vivo stimulation of PBMCs from L. infantum-seronegative and -seropositive subclinical dogs with spirochetes and/or total Leishmania antigens promoted limited induction of IFNγ. Coexposure significantly induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines associated with Th17 differentiation and neutrophilic and monocytic recruitment in PBMCs from L. infantum-seropositive dogs. Excessive pro-inflammatory responses have previously been shown to cause CanL pathology. This work supports effective tick prevention and risk management of coinfections as critical strategies to prevent and control L. infantum progression in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pessôa-Pereira
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (D.P.-P.); (B.M.S.); (E.A.B.)
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Breanna M. Scorza
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (D.P.-P.); (B.M.S.); (E.A.B.)
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Karen I. Cyndari
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Erin A. Beasley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (D.P.-P.); (B.M.S.); (E.A.B.)
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Christine A. Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (D.P.-P.); (B.M.S.); (E.A.B.)
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Checconi P, Coni C, Limongi D, Baldelli S, Ciccarone F, De Angelis M, Mengozzi M, Ghezzi P, Ciriolo MR, Nencioni L, Palamara AT. Influenza virus replication is affected by glutaredoxin1-mediated protein deglutathionylation. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22729. [PMID: 36583688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201239rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several redox modifications have been described during viral infection, including influenza virus infection, but little is known about glutathionylation and this respiratory virus. Glutathionylation is a reversible, post-translational modification, in which protein cysteine forms transient disulfides with glutathione (GSH), catalyzed by cellular oxidoreductases and in particular by glutaredoxin (Grx). We show here that (i) influenza virus infection induces protein glutathionylation, including that of viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA); (ii) Grx1-mediated deglutathionylation is important for the viral life cycle, as its inhibition, either with an inhibitor of its enzymatic activity or by siRNA, decreases viral replication. Overall these data contribute to the characterization of the complex picture of redox regulation of the influenza virus replication cycle and could help to identify new targets to control respiratory viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Checconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Coni
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dolores Limongi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Microbiology of Chronic-Neurodegenerative Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Baldelli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marta De Angelis
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Mengozzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Pietro Ghezzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Aging, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Nencioni
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leacy E, Batten I, Sanelli L, McElheron M, Brady G, Little MA, Khouri H. Optimal LC-MS metabolomic profiling reveals emergent changes to monocyte metabolism in response to lipopolysaccharide. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1116760. [PMID: 37033938 PMCID: PMC10077522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1116760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunometabolism examines the links between immune cell function and metabolism. Dysregulation of immune cell metabolism is now an established feature of innate immune cell activation. Advances in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technologies have allowed discovery of unique insights into cellular metabolomics. Here we have studied and compared different sample preparation techniques and data normalisation methods described in the literature when applied to metabolomic profiling of human monocytes. Methods Primary monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for four hours was used as a study model. Monocytes (n=24) were freshly isolated from whole blood and stimulated for four hours with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A methanol-based extraction protocol was developed and metabolomic profiling carried out using a Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography (HILIC) LC-MS method. Data analysis pipelines used both targeted and untargeted approaches, and over 40 different data normalisation techniques to account for technical and biological variation were examined. Cytokine levels in supernatants were measured by ELISA. Results This method provided broad coverage of the monocyte metabolome. The most efficient and consistent normalisation method was measurement of residual protein in the metabolite fraction, which was further validated and optimised using a commercial kit. Alterations to the monocyte metabolome in response to LPS can be detected as early as four hours post stimulation. Broad and profound changes in monocyte metabolism were seen, in line with increased cytokine production. Elevated levels of amino acids and Krebs cycle metabolites were noted and decreases in aspartate and β-alanine are also reported for the first time. In the untargeted analysis, 154 metabolite entities were significantly altered compared to unstimulated cells. Pathway analysis revealed the most prominent changes occurred to (phospho-) inositol metabolism, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Discussion These data report the emergent changes to monocyte metabolism in response to LPS, in line with reports from later time points. A number of these metabolites are reported to alter inflammatory gene expression, which may facilitate the increases in cytokine production. Further validation is needed to confirm the link between metabolic activation and upregulation of inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Leacy
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Emma Leacy, ; Mark A. Little,
| | - Isabella Batten
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laetitia Sanelli
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Matthew McElheron
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gareth Brady
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark A. Little
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Emma Leacy, ; Mark A. Little,
| | - Hania Khouri
- Agilent Technologies, Stockpoty, England, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kerstholt M, van de Schoor FR, Oosting M, Moorlag SJCFM, Li Y, Jaeger M, van der Heijden WA, Tunjungputri RN, dos Santos JC, Kischkel B, Vrijmoeth HD, Baarsma ME, Kullberg BJ, Lupse M, Hovius JW, van den Wijngaard CC, Netea MG, de Mast Q, Joosten LAB. Identifying platelet-derived factors as amplifiers of B. burgdorferi-induced cytokine production. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 210:53-67. [PMID: 36001729 PMCID: PMC9585555 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that monocytes can be 'trained' or tolerized by certain stimuli to respond stronger or weaker to a secondary stimulation. Rewiring of glucose metabolism was found to be important in inducing this phenotype. As we previously found that Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis (LB), alters glucose metabolism in monocytes, we hypothesized that this may also induce long-term changes in innate immune responses. We found that exposure to B. burgdorferi decreased cytokine production in response to the TLR4-ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, B. burgdorferi exposure decreased baseline levels of glycolysis, as assessed by lactate production. Using GWAS analysis, we identified a gene, microfibril-associated protein 3-like (MFAP3L) as a factor influencing lactate production after B. burgdorferi exposure. Validation experiments proved that MFAP3L affects lactate- and cytokine production following B. burgdorferi stimulation. This is mediated by functions of MFAP3L, which includes activating ERK2 and through activation of platelet degranulation. Moreover, we showed that platelets and platelet-derived factors play important roles in B. burgdorferi-induced cytokine production. Certain platelet-derived factors, such chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 7 (CXCL7) and (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), were elevated in the circulation of LB patients in comparison to healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone J C F M Moorlag
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM) and TWINCORE, Joint Ventures Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter A van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rahajeng N Tunjungputri
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases (CENTRID), Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jéssica C dos Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda Kischkel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hedwig D Vrijmoeth
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M E Baarsma
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihaela Lupse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Iuliu Hatieganu’, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Joppe W Hovius
- Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cees C van den Wijngaard
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center of Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department for Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboudumc Center for Infectious diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Correspondence: Leo A.B. Joosten, Lab Experimentele geneeskunde, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Groth M, Skrzydlewska E, Dobrzyńska M, Pancewicz S, Moniuszko-Malinowska A. Redox Imbalance and Its Metabolic Consequences in Tick-Borne Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:870398. [PMID: 35937690 PMCID: PMC9353526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.870398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the growing global health problems are vector-borne diseases, including tick-borne diseases. The most common tick-borne diseases include Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. Taking into account the metabolic effects in the patient’s body, tick-borne diseases are a significant problem from an epidemiological and clinical point of view. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key elements in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, including tick-borne diseases. In consequence, this leads to oxidative modifications of the structure and function of phospholipids and proteins and results in qualitative and quantitative changes at the level of lipid mediators arising in both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS enzyme–dependent reactions. These types of metabolic modifications affect the functioning of the cells and the host organism. Therefore, links between the severity of the disease state and redox imbalance and the level of phospholipid metabolites are being searched, hoping to find unambiguous diagnostic biomarkers. Assessment of molecular effects of oxidative stress may also enable the monitoring of the disease process and treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Groth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- *Correspondence: Monika Groth,
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marta Dobrzyńska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Courtier A, Potheret D, Giannoni P. Environmental bacteria as triggers to brain disease: Possible mechanisms of toxicity and associated human risk. Life Sci 2022; 304:120689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Gęgotek A, Moniuszko-Malinowska A, Groth M, Pancewicz S, Czupryna P, Dunaj J, Atalay S, Radziwon P, Skrzydlewska E. Plasma Proteomic Profile of Patients with Tick-Borne Encephalitis and Co-Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084374. [PMID: 35457192 PMCID: PMC9031133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of patients suffering from tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Lyme disease, and their co-infection, the mechanisms of the development of these diseases and their effects on the human body are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the proteomic profile of human plasma induced by the development of TBE and to compare it with changes in TBE patients co-infected with other tick-borne pathogens. The results obtained by proteomic analysis using a nanoLC-Q Exactive HF mass spectrometer showed that the most highly elevated groups of proteins in the plasma of TBE patients with co-infection were involved in the pro-inflammatory response and protein degradation, while the antioxidant proteins and factors responsible for protein biosynthesis were mainly downregulated. These results were accompanied by enhanced GSH- and 4-HNE-protein adducts formation, observed in TBE and co-infected patients at a higher level than in the case of patients with only TBE. In conclusion, the differences in the proteomic profiles between patients with TBE and co-infected patients indicate that these diseases are significantly diverse and, consequently, require different treatment, which is particularly important for further research, including the development of novel diagnostics tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.A.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857485883
| | - Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Monika Groth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Sławomir Pancewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Piotr Czupryna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Justyna Dunaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Bialystok, Zurawia 14, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland; (A.M.-M.); (M.G.); (S.P.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Sinemyiz Atalay
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 23, 15-950 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (S.A.); (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Metabolic Response to Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Infection and Bacterial Co-Infections. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040384. [PMID: 35456059 PMCID: PMC9030592 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are vectors of various pathogens, including tick-borne encephalitis virus and bacteria such as B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum, causing infections/co-infections, which are still a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of TBEV infection/bacterial co-infection on metabolic changes in the blood of patients before and after treatment. It was found that those infections promote plasma ROS enhanced generation and antioxidant defence reduction, especially in relation to glutathione and thioredoxin systems, despite the increased effectiveness of Nrf2 transcription factor in granulocytes. Observed oxidative stress promotes the oxidative modifications of phospholipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (LA, AA, EPA) with increased lipid peroxidation (estimated as 8-isoPGF2α, 4-HNE). It is accompanied by protein modifications measured as 4-HNE-protein adducts, carbonyl groups, dityrosine increase, and tryptophan level decrease, which promote structural and functional modification of the following transcription factors: Nrf2 and NFkB inhibitors. The lower level of 8-iso-PGF2α in co-infections indicates an impairment of the body’s ability to intensify inflammation and fight co-infections, while an increased level of Trx after therapy may contribute to the intensification of the inflammatory process. The obtained results indicate the potential possibility of using the assessed metabolic parameters to introduce targeted pharmacotherapy in cases of TBEV infections/bacterial co-infections.
Collapse
|
12
|
Borrelia burgdorferi inhibits NADPH-mediated reactive oxygen species production through the mTOR pathway. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2022; 13:101943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Kehoe ER, Fitzgerald BL, Graham B, Islam MN, Sharma K, Wormser GP, Belisle JT, Kirby MJ. Biomarker selection and a prospective metabolite-based machine learning diagnostic for lyme disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1478. [PMID: 35087163 PMCID: PMC8795431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide a pipeline for data preprocessing, biomarker selection, and classification of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) serum samples to generate a prospective diagnostic test for Lyme disease. We utilize tools of machine learning (ML), e.g., sparse support vector machines (SSVM), iterative feature removal (IFR), and k-fold feature ranking to select several biomarkers and build a discriminant model for Lyme disease. We report a 98.13% test balanced success rate (BSR) of our model based on a sequestered test set of LCMS serum samples. The methodology employed is general and can be readily adapted to other LCMS, or metabolomics, data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Kehoe
- Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Bryna L Fitzgerald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Barbara Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - M Nurul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Kartikay Sharma
- Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Gary P Wormser
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - John T Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Michael J Kirby
- Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.,Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tkáčová Z, Bhide K, Mochnáčová E, Petroušková P, Hruškovicová J, Kulkarni A, Bhide M. Comprehensive Mapping of the Cell Response to Borrelia bavariensis in the Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells in vitro Using RNA-Seq. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:760627. [PMID: 34819924 PMCID: PMC8606740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.760627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia bavariensis can invade the central nervous system (CNS) by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is predicted that B. bavariensis evokes numerous signaling cascades in the human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) and exploits them to traverse across the BBB. The complete picture of signaling events in hBMECs induced by B. bavariensis remains uncovered. Using RNA sequencing, we mapped 11,398 genes and identified 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, 251 upregulated genes and 44 downregulated genes) in B. bavariensis challenged hBMECs. The results obtained from RNA-seq were validated with qPCR. Gene ontology analysis revealed the participation of DEGs in a number of biological processes like cell communication, organization of the extracellular matrix, vesicle-mediated transport, cell response triggered by pattern recognition receptors, antigen processing via MHC class I, cellular stress, metabolism, signal transduction, etc. The expression of several non-protein coding genes was also evoked. In this manuscript, we discuss in detail the correlation between several signaling cascades elicited and the translocation of BBB by B. bavariensis. The data revealed here may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms employed by B. bavariensis to cross the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Tkáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Evelina Mochnáčová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Patrícia Petroušková
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Hruškovicová
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Amod Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Kosice, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramendra R, Mancini M, Ayala JM, Tung LT, Isnard S, Lin J, Routy JP, Nijnik A, Langlais D. Glutathione Metabolism Is a Regulator of the Acute Inflammatory Response of Monocytes to (1→3)-β-D-Glucan. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694152. [PMID: 34858388 PMCID: PMC8631827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1→3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) represents a potent pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in triggering the host response to fungal and some bacterial infections. Monocytes play a key role in recognizing BDG and governing the acute host response to infections. However, the mechanisms regulating monocyte's acute response to BDG are poorly understood. We sought to investigate the response of monocytes to BDG at the epigenetic, transcriptomic, and molecular levels. Response of human monocytes to 1, 4, and 24 hours of BDG exposure was investigated using RNA-seq, ATAC-seq, H3K27ac and H3K4me1 ChIP-seq. We show that pathways including glutathione metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and citric acid cycle were upregulated at the epigenetic and transcriptomic levels in response to BDG exposure. Strikingly, unlike bacterial lipopolysaccharides, BDG induced intracellular glutathione synthesis. BDG exposure also induced NADP synthesis, increased NADPH/NADP ratio, and increased expression of genes involved in the pentose phosphate pathway in a GSH-dependent manner. By inhibiting GSH synthesis with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) before BDG exposure we show that the GSH pathway promotes cell survival and regulates monocyte's effector functions including NO production, phagocytosis, and cytokine production. In summary, our work demonstrates that BDG induces glutathione synthesis and metabolism in monocytes, which is a major promoter of the acute functional response of monocytes to infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayoun Ramendra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Mancini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jose-Mauricio Ayala
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lin Tze Tung
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephane Isnard
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - John Lin
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Microbiota and transcriptome changes of Culex pipiens pallens larvae exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20241. [PMID: 34642414 PMCID: PMC8511237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99733-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Culex pipiens pallens is an important vector of lymphatic filariasis and epidemic encephalitis. Mosquito control is the main strategy used for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases. Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) is an entomopathogenic bacterium widely used in mosquito control. In this study, we profiled the microbiota and transcriptional response of the larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens exposed to different concentrations of Bti. The results demonstrated that Bti induced a significant effect on both the microbiota and gene expression of Cx. pipiens pallens. Compared to the control group, the predominant bacteria changed from Actinobacteria to Firmicutes, and with increase in the concentration of Bti, the abundance of Actinobacteria was gradually reduced. Similar changes were also detected at the genus level, where Bacillus replaced Microbacterium, becoming the predominant genus in Bti-exposed groups. Furthermore, alpha diversity analysis indicated that Bti exposure changed the diversity of the microbota, possibly because the dysbiosis caused by the Bti infection inhibits some bacteria and provides opportunities to other opportunistic taxa. Pathway analysis revealed significant enhancement for processes associated with sphingolipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism between all Bti-exposed groups and control group. Additionally, genes associated with the Toll and Imd signaling pathway were found to be notably upregulated. Bti infection significantly changed the bacterial community of larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens.
Collapse
|
17
|
Fitzgerald BL, Graham B, Delorey MJ, Pegalajar-Jurado A, Islam MN, Wormser GP, Aucott JN, Rebman AW, Soloski MJ, Belisle JT, Molins CR. Metabolic Response in Patients With Post-treatment Lyme Disease Symptoms/Syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e2342-e2349. [PMID: 32975577 PMCID: PMC8492154 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-treatment Lyme disease symptoms/syndrome (PTLDS) occurs in approximately 10% of patients with Lyme disease following antibiotic treatment. Biomarkers or specific clinical symptoms to identify patients with PTLDS do not currently exist and the PTLDS classification is based on the report of persistent, subjective symptoms for ≥6 months following antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease. METHODS Untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics was used to determine longitudinal metabolic responses and biosignatures in PTLDS and clinically cured non-PTLDS Lyme patients. Evaluation of biosignatures included (1) defining altered classes of metabolites, (2) elastic net regularization to define metabolites that most strongly defined PTLDS and non-PTLDS patients at different time points, (3) changes in the longitudinal abundance of metabolites, and (4) linear discriminant analysis to evaluate robustness in a second patient cohort. RESULTS This study determined that observable metabolic differences exist between PTLDS and non-PTLDS patients at multiple time points. The metabolites with differential abundance included those from glycerophospholipid, bile acid, and acylcarnitine metabolism. Distinct longitudinal patterns of metabolite abundance indicated a greater metabolic variability in PTLDS versus non-PTLDS patients. Small numbers of metabolites (6 to 40) could be used to define PTLDS versus non-PTLDS patients at defined time points, and the findings were validated in a second cohort of PTLDS and non-PTLDS patients. CONCLUSIONS These data provide evidence that an objective metabolite-based measurement can distinguish patients with PTLDS and help understand the underlying biochemistry of PTLDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark J Delorey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - M Nurul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Gary P Wormser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - John N Aucott
- The Lyme Disease Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison W Rebman
- The Lyme Disease Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark J Soloski
- The Lyme Disease Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Lutherville, Maryland, USA
| | - John T Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Claudia R Molins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peach JT, Wilson SM, Gunderson LD, Frothingham L, Tran T, Walk ST, Yeoman CJ, Bothner B, Miles MP. Temporal metabolic response yields a dynamic biosignature of inflammation. iScience 2021; 24:102817. [PMID: 34355150 PMCID: PMC8319798 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a subclinical condition directly and indirectly linked to the development of a wide range of diseases responsible for the vast majority of morbidity. To examine mechanisms coupled to chronic disease, a group of overweight and obese human subjects without known inflammatory diseases participated in a high-fat meal challenge as an acute inflammation stimulus. Analysis of serum metabolites grouped by baseline cytokine levels revealed that single samples had little power in differentiating groups. However, an analysis that incorporated temporal response separated inflammatory response phenotypes and allowed us to create a metabolic signature of inflammation which revealed metabolic components that are crucial to a cytokine-mediated inflammation response. The use of temporal response, rather than a single time point, improved metabolomic prediction of high postprandial inflammation responses and led to the development of a dynamic biosignature as a potential tool for stratifying risk to a wide range of diseases. Dynamic responses often provide insight into disease pathology Temporal metabolic responses to acute inflammation were explored in obese people Temporal metabolite levels differentiated low, mid, and high inflammation groups Inflammation-linked metabolites were shown to be predictors of cytokine responses
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T Peach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Stephanie M Wilson
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Logan D Gunderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Lizzi Frothingham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Tan Tran
- Department of Math, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Seth T Walk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Carl J Yeoman
- Department of Range and Animal Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| | - Mary P Miles
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ku JWK, Gan YH. New roles for glutathione: Modulators of bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102012. [PMID: 34090244 PMCID: PMC8182430 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight (LMW) thiols contain reducing sulfhydryl groups that are important for maintaining antioxidant defense in the cell. Aside from the traditional roles of LMW thiols as redox regulators in bacteria, glutathione (GSH) has been reported to affect virulence and bacterial pathogenesis. The role of GSH in virulence is diverse, including the activation of virulence gene expression and contributing to optimal biofilm formation. GSH can also be converted to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) which is important for the pathogenesis of certain bacteria. Besides GSH, some bacteria produce other LMW thiols such as mycothiol and bacillithiol that affect bacterial virulence. We discuss these newer reported functions of LMW thiols modulating bacterial pathogenesis either directly or indirectly and via modulation of the host immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wei Kay Ku
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, 117596, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuang J, Xu P, Shi Y, Yang Y, Liu P, Chen S, Zhou C, Li G, Zhuang Y, Hu R, Hu G, Guo X. Nephropathogenic Infectious Bronchitis Virus Infection Altered the Metabolome Profile and Immune Function of the Bursa of Fabricius in Chicken. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:628270. [PMID: 33553290 PMCID: PMC7858655 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.628270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious, acute viral respiratory disease of chickens, regardless of the strain, and its infection may lead to considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. New nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (NIBV) strains have increasingly emerged in recent years; hence, evaluating their infection-influenced immune function changes and the alteration of metabolite profiling is important. Initially, chickens were randomly distributed into two groups: the control group (Con) and the disease group (Dis). Here, the partial cytokines were examined, and the metabolome alterations of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) in NIBV infections in chickens were profiled by gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS). The results revealed that the NIBV infection promotes the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines. Metabolic profile analysis indicated that clustering differed between the two groups and there were 75 significantly different metabolites detected between the two groups, suggesting that the host metabolism was significantly changed by NIBV infection. Notably, the following 12 metabolites were identified as the potential biomarkers: 3-phenyllactic acid, 2-deoxytetronic acid, aminomalonic acid, malonamide 5, uric acid, arachidonic acid, 2-methylglutaric acid, linoleic acid, ethanolamine, stearic acid, N-alpha-acetyl-l-ornithine, and O-acetylserine. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis showed that a strong correlation existed between metabolic biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines. Our results describe an immune and metabolic profile for the BF of chickens when infected with NIBV and provide new biomarkers of NIBV infection as potential targets and indicators of indicating therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Puzhi Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yitian Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shupeng Chen
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruiming Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fridmanis J, Otikovs M, Brangulis K, Tārs K, Jaudzems K. Solution NMR structure of Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface lipoprotein BBP28, a member of the mlp protein family. Proteins 2020; 89:588-594. [PMID: 32949018 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most widespread vector-transmitted disease in North America and Europe, caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex spirochetes. We report the solution NMR structure of the B. burgdorferi outer surface lipoprotein BBP28, a member of the multicopy lipoprotein (mlp) family. The structure comprises a tether peptide, five α-helices and an extended C-terminal loop. The fold is similar to that of Borrelia turicatae outer surface protein BTA121, which is known to bind lipids. These results contribute to the understanding of Lyme disease pathogenesis by revealing the molecular structure of a protein from the widely found mlp family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kalvis Brangulis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.,Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tārs
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Effect of Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Membrane Vesicles on Host Oxidative Stress Response. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050275. [PMID: 32466166 PMCID: PMC7277464 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical bodies containing proteins and nucleic acids that are released by Gram-negative bacteria, including Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. The functional relationship between B. burgdorferi OMVs and host neuron homeostasis is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine how B. burgdorferi OMVs impact the host cell environment. First, an in vitro model was established by co-culturing human BE2C neuroblastoma cells with B. burgdorferi B31. B. burgdorferi was able to invade BE2C cells within 24 h. Despite internalization, BE2C cell viability and levels of apoptosis remained unchanged, but resulted in dramatically increased production of MCP-1 and MCP-2 cytokines. Elevated secretion of MCP-1 has previously been associated with changes in oxidative stress. BE2C cell mitochondrial superoxides were reduced as early as 30 min after exposure to B. burgdorferi and OMVs. To rule out whether BE2C cell antioxidant response is the cause of decline in superoxides, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression was assessed. SOD2 expression was reduced upon exposure to B. burgdorferi, suggesting that B. burgdorferi might be responsible for superoxide reduction. These results suggest that B. burgdorferi modulates cell antioxidant defense and immune system reaction in response to the bacterial infection. In summary, these results show that B. burgdorferi OMVs serve to directly counter superoxide production in BE2C neurons, thereby 'priming' the host environment to support B. burgdorferi colonization.
Collapse
|
23
|
Arunasri K, Mahesh M, Sai Prashanthi G, Jayasudha R, Kalyana Chakravarthy S, Tyagi M, Pappuru RR, Shivaji S. Comparison of the Vitreous Fluid Bacterial Microbiomes between Individuals with Post Fever Retinitis and Healthy Controls. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E751. [PMID: 32429503 PMCID: PMC7285296 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular microbiome research has gained momentum in the recent past and has provided new insights into health and disease conditions. However, studies on sight threatening intraocular inflammatory diseases have remained untouched. In the present study, we attempted to identify the bacterial microbiome associated with post fever retinitis using a metagenomic sequencing approach. For this purpose, bacterial ocular microbiomes were generated from vitreous samples collected from control individuals (VC, n = 19) and individuals with post fever retinitis (PFR, n = 9), and analysed. The results revealed 18 discriminative genera in the microbiomes of the two cohorts out of which 16 genera were enriched in VC and the remaining two in PFR group. These discriminative genera were inferred to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and probiotic function. Only two pathogenic bacteria were differentially abundant in 20% of the PFR samples. PCoA and heatmap analysis showed that the vitreous microbiomes of VC and PFR formed two distinct clusters indicating dysbiosis in the vitreous bacterial microbiomes. Functional assignments and network analysis also revealed that the vitreous bacterial microbiomes in the control group exhibited more evenness in the bacterial diversity and several bacteria had antimicrobial function compared to the PFR group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kotakonda Arunasri
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (K.A.); (M.M.); (G.S.P.); (R.J.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Malleswarapu Mahesh
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (K.A.); (M.M.); (G.S.P.); (R.J.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Gumpili Sai Prashanthi
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (K.A.); (M.M.); (G.S.P.); (R.J.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (K.A.); (M.M.); (G.S.P.); (R.J.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Sama Kalyana Chakravarthy
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (K.A.); (M.M.); (G.S.P.); (R.J.); (S.K.C.)
| | - Mudit Tyagi
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (M.T.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Rajeev R. Pappuru
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Centre for Vitreo Retinal Diseases, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (M.T.); (R.R.P.)
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, L V Prasad Marg, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India; (K.A.); (M.M.); (G.S.P.); (R.J.); (S.K.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Horowitz RI, Freeman PR, Bruzzese J. Efficacy of glutathione therapy in relieving dyspnea associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of 2 cases. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 30:101063. [PMID: 32322478 PMCID: PMC7172740 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Infection with COVID-19 potentially can result in severe outcomes and death from "cytokine storm syndrome", resulting in novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) with severe dyspnea, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), fulminant myocarditis and multiorgan dysfunction with or without disseminated intravascular coagulation. No published treatment to date has been shown to adequately control the inflammation and respiratory symptoms associated with COVID-19, apart from oxygen therapy and assisted ventilation. We evaluated the effects of using high dose oral and/or IV glutathione in the treatment of 2 patients with dyspnea secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia. METHODS Two patients living in New York City (NYC) with a history of Lyme and tick-borne co-infections experienced a cough and dyspnea and demonstrated radiological findings consistent with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). A trial of 2 g of PO or IV glutathione was used in both patients and improved their dyspnea within 1 h of use. Repeated use of both 2000 mg of PO and IV glutathione was effective in further relieving respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION Oral and IV glutathione, glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine) and alpha lipoic acid may represent a novel treatment approach for blocking NF-κB and addressing "cytokine storm syndrome" and respiratory distress in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard I. Horowitz
- HHS Babesia and Tickborne Pathogen Subcommittee, Washington, D.C., 20201, USA
- Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center, 4232 Albany Post Road, Hyde Park, NY, 12538, USA
| | - Phyllis R. Freeman
- Hudson Valley Healing Arts Center, 4232 Albany Post Road, Hyde Park, NY, 12538, USA
| | - James Bruzzese
- Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education/CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fitzgerald BL, Molins CR, Islam MN, Graham B, Hove PR, Wormser GP, Hu L, Ashton LV, Belisle JT. Host Metabolic Response in Early Lyme Disease. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:610-623. [PMID: 31821002 PMCID: PMC7262776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease is a tick-borne bacterial illness that occurs in areas of North America, Europe, and Asia. Early infection typically presents as generalized symptoms with an erythema migrans (EM) skin lesion. Dissemination of the pathogen Borrelia burgdorferi can result in multiple EM skin lesions or in extracutaneous manifestations such as Lyme neuroborreliosis. Metabolic biosignatures of patients with early Lyme disease can potentially provide diagnostic targets as well as highlight metabolic pathways that contribute to pathogenesis. Sera from well-characterized patients diagnosed with either early localized Lyme disease (ELL) or early disseminated Lyme disease (EDL), plus healthy controls (HC), from the United States were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Comparative analyses were performed between ELL, or EDL, or ELL combined with EDL, and the HC to develop biosignatures present in early Lyme disease. A direct comparison between ELL and EDL was also performed to develop a biosignature for stages of early Lyme disease. Metabolic pathway analysis and chemical identification of metabolites with LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) demonstrated alterations of eicosanoid, bile acid, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid, and acylcarnitine metabolic pathways during early Lyme disease. These metabolic alterations were confirmed using a separate set of serum samples for validation. The findings demonstrated that infection of humans with B. burgdorferi alters defined metabolic pathways that are associated with inflammatory responses, liver function, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Additionally, the data provide evidence that metabolic pathways can be used to mark the progression of early Lyme disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia R. Molins
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - M. Nurul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Barbara Graham
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Petronella R. Hove
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Gary P. Wormser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Linden Hu
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Laura V. Ashton
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - John T. Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kerstholt M, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Borrelia burgdorferi hijacks cellular metabolism of immune cells: Consequences for host defense. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101386. [PMID: 32035898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular metabolism have proven to be important factors in driving cell behavior. It has been shown that cellular metabolism of immune cells changes when exposed to or infected by several pathogens: while this is often an adaptation of the host cells to the infection, sometimes it represents a mechanism through which the pathogens evade immune activation. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis, is a pathogen that highly depends on the host to survive, as the bacterium lacks many central metabolic pathways to generate its own nutrients. It is therefore quite likely that the bacterium interacts with host cells to obtain these metabolites and thereby affects metabolism in the host. Previously, several studies have assessed metabolic pathways in B. burgdorferi s.l. and how it adapts to its different host species. However, few studies have looked into how the interaction with the bacterium might affect the host cell metabolism. In this review we present the major metabolic pathways activated during Lyme borreliosis, viewed from both bacterium and host metabolism, and we discuss how these pathways interact with each other, and how they influence pathogenesis of Lyme borreliosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Kerstholt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Brangulis K, Akopjana I, Petrovskis I, Kazaks A, Zelencova D, Jekabsons A, Jaudzems K, Tars K. BBE31 from the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi, known to play an important role in successful colonization of the mammalian host, shows the ability to bind glutathione. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129499. [PMID: 31785327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease is a tick-borne infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex spirochetes. The spirochete is located in the gut of the tick; as the infected tick starts the blood meal, the spirochete must travel through the hemolymph to the salivary glands, where it can spread to and infect the new host organism. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of the key outer surface protein BBE31 from B. burgdorferi and its orthologous protein BSE31 (BSPA14S_RS05060 gene product) from B. spielmanii. BBE31 is known to be important for the transfer of B. burgdorferi from the gut to the hemolymph in the tick after a tick bite. While BBE31 exerts its function by interacting with the Ixodes scapularis tick gut protein TRE31, structural and mass spectrometry data revealed that BBE31 has a glutathione (GSH) covalently attached to Cys142 suggesting that the protein may have acquired some additional functions in contrast to its orthologous protein BSE31, which lacks any interactions with GSH. In the current study, in addition to analyzing the potential reasons for GSH binding, the three-dimensional structure of BBE31 provides new insights into the molecular details of the transmission process as the protein plays an important role in the initial phase before the spirochete is physically transferred to the new host. This knowledge will be potentially used for the development of new strategies to fight against Lyme disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalvis Brangulis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
| | - Inara Akopjana
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivars Petrovskis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Andris Kazaks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Diana Zelencova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Atis Jekabsons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristaps Jaudzems
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; University of Latvia, Faculty of Chemistry, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Tars
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites 1 k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; University of Latvia, Faculty of Biology, Jelgavas 1, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Role of Glutathionylation in Infection and Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081952. [PMID: 31434242 PMCID: PMC6723385 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathionylation, that is, the formation of mixed disulfides between protein cysteines and glutathione (GSH) cysteines, is a reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by different cellular oxidoreductases, by which the redox state of the cell modulates protein function. So far, most studies on the identification of glutathionylated proteins have focused on cellular proteins, including proteins involved in host response to infection, but there is a growing number of reports showing that microbial proteins also undergo glutathionylation, with modification of their characteristics and functions. In the present review, we highlight the signaling role of GSH through glutathionylation, particularly focusing on microbial (viral and bacterial) glutathionylated proteins (GSSPs) and host GSSPs involved in the immune/inflammatory response to infection; moreover, we discuss the biological role of the process in microbial infections and related host responses.
Collapse
|
29
|
Precision Medicine: The Role of the MSIDS Model in Defining, Diagnosing, and Treating Chronic Lyme Disease/Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome and Other Chronic Illness: Part 2. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6040129. [PMID: 30400667 PMCID: PMC6316761 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a precision medical perspective to assist in the definition, diagnosis, and management of Post Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS)/chronic Lyme disease. PTLDS represents a small subset of patients treated for an erythema migrans (EM) rash with persistent or recurrent symptoms and functional decline. The larger population with chronic Lyme disease is less understood and well defined. Multiple Systemic Infectious Disease Syndrome (MSIDS) is a multifactorial model for treating chronic disease(s), which identifies up to 16 overlapping sources of inflammation and their downstream effects. A patient symptom survey and a retrospective chart review of 200 patients was therefore performed on those patients with chronic Lyme disease/PTLDS to identify those variables on the MSIDS model with the greatest potential effect on regaining health. Results indicate that dapsone combination therapy decreased the severity of eight major Lyme symptoms, and multiple sources of inflammation (other infections, immune dysfunction, autoimmunity, food allergies/sensitivities, leaky gut, mineral deficiencies, environmental toxins with detoxification problems, and sleep disorders) along with downstream effects of inflammation may all affect chronic symptomatology. In part two of our observational study and review paper, we postulate that the use of this model can represent an important and needed paradigm shift in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Teskey G, Abrahem R, Cao R, Gyurjian K, Islamoglu H, Lucero M, Martinez A, Paredes E, Salaiz O, Robinson B, Venketaraman V. Glutathione as a Marker for Human Disease. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 87:141-159. [PMID: 30342710 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), often referred to as "the master antioxidant," participates not only in antioxidant defense systems, but many metabolic processes, and therefore its role cannot be overstated. GSH deficiency causes cellular risk for oxidative damage and thus as expected, GSH imbalance is observed in a wide range of pathological conditions including tuberculosis (TB), HIV, diabetes, cancer, and aging. Consequently, it is not surprising that GSH has attracted the attention of biological researchers and pharmacologists alike as a possible target for medical intervention. Here, we discuss the role GSH plays amongst these pathological conditions to illuminate how it can be used as a marker for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Teskey
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Abrahem
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Ruoqiong Cao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States; College of life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Karo Gyurjian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Hicret Islamoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mariana Lucero
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Martinez
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Erik Paredes
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Oscar Salaiz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Brittanie Robinson
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|