1
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Mao BD, Vadiveloo A, Qiu J, Gao F. Artificial photosynthesis: Promising approach for the efficient production of high-value bioproducts by microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 401:130718. [PMID: 38641303 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Recently, microalgae had received extensive attention for carbon capture and utilization. But its overall efficiency still could not reach a satisfactory degree. Artificial photosynthesis showed better efficiency in the conversion of carbon dioxide. However, artificial photosynthesis could generally only produce C1-C3 organic matters at present. Some studies showed that heterotrophic microalgae can efficiently synthesize high value organic matters by using simple organic matter such as acetate. Therefore, the combination of artificial photosynthesis with heterotrophic microalgae culture showed great potential for efficient carbon capture and high-value organic matter production. This article systematically analyzed the characteristics and challenges of carbon dioxide conversion by microalgae and artificial photosynthesis. On this basis, the coupling mode and development trend of artificial photosynthesis combined with microalgae culture were discussed. In summary, the combination of artificial photosynthesis and microalgae culture has great potential in the field of carbon capture and utilization, and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Di Mao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ashiwin Vadiveloo
- Centre for Water, Energy and Waste, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Jian Qiu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering & Environment, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China.
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2
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Wang Q, Ren F, Li R. Uncovering the world's largest carbon sink-a profile of ocean carbon sinks research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20362-20382. [PMID: 38374510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
As the world's largest carbon sink, the oceans are essential to achieving the 1.5 °C target. Marine ecosystems play a crucial role in the "sink enhancement" process. A deeper comprehension of research trends, hotspots, and the boundaries of ocean carbon sinks is necessary for a more effective response to climate change. To this end, academic literature in the field of ocean carbon sinks was investigated and analyzed using the core database of the Web of Science. The results show that (1) The ocean carbon sink is a global study. The number of literatures in the field of ocean carbon sinks is growing, and the USA and China are the main leaders, with the USA accounting for 31.19% of the global publications and China accounting for 26.57% of the global publications, and the environmental science discipline is the most popular in this field. (2) Keyword burst detection shows that the keywords "sink, sensitivity, land, dynamics, and seagrass" appear earliest and have high burst intensity, which are the hot spots of research in this field; the keyword clustering shows that the global ocean carbon sinks research mainly focuses on three themes: (i) carbon cycle and climate change; (ii) carbon sinks estimation models and techniques; and (iii) carbon sinks capacity and ocean biological carbon sequestration in different seas. Finally, targeted research recommendations are proposed to further match the ocean carbon sink research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Wulumuqi, 830046, People's Republic of China.
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Ren
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Wulumuqi, 830046, People's Republic of China
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
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3
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Behncke J, Landschützer P, Tanhua T. A detectable change in the air-sea CO 2 flux estimate from sailboat measurements. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3345. [PMID: 38336893 PMCID: PMC10858044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The sailboat Seaexplorer collected underway sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) data for 129 days (2018-2021), including an Antarctic circumnavigation. By comparing ensembles of data-driven air-sea CO2 fluxes computed with and without sailboat data and applying a detection algorithm, we show that these sailboat observations significantly increase the regional carbon uptake in the North Atlantic and decrease it in the Southern Ocean. While compensating changes in both basins limit the global effect, the Southern Ocean-particularly frontal regions (40°S-60°S) during summertime-exhibited the largest air-sea CO2 flux changes, averaging 20% of the regional mean. Assessing the sensitivity of the air-sea CO2 flux to measurement uncertainty, the results stay robust within the expected random measurement uncertainty (± 5 μatm) but remain undetectable with a measurement offset of 5 µatm. We thus conclude that sailboats fill essential measurement gaps in remote ocean regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Behncke
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Landschützer
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Toste Tanhua
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Wichhofstrasse 1-3, 24148, Kiel, Germany
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4
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Guo M, Xing X, Xiu P, Dall'Olmo G, Chen W, Chai F. Efficient biological carbon export to the mesopelagic ocean induced by submesoscale fronts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:580. [PMID: 38233392 PMCID: PMC10794176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oceanic submesoscale processes are ubiquitous in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), where the biological carbon pump is generally ineffective. Due to difficulties in collecting continuous observations, however, it remains uncertain whether episodic submesoscale processes can drive significant changes in particulate organic carbon (POC) export into the mesopelagic ocean. Here we present observations from high-frequency Biogeochemical-Argo floats in the NPSG, which captured the enhanced POC export fluxes during the intensifying stages of a submesoscale front and a cyclonic eddy compared to their other life stages. A higher percentage of POC export flux was found to be transferred to the base of mesopelagic layer at the front compared to that at the intensifying eddy and the mean of previous studies (37% vs. ~10%), suggesting that the POC export efficiency was significantly strengthened by submesoscale dynamics. Such findings highlight the importance of submesoscale fronts for carbon export and sequestration in subtropical gyres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Giorgio Dall'Olmo
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale-OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Weifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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5
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Bartosiewicz M, Przytulska A, Birkholz A, Zopfi J, Lehmann MF. Controls and significance of priming effects in lake sediments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17076. [PMID: 38273585 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Warming and eutrophication influence carbon (C) processing in sediments, with implications for the global greenhouse-gas budget. Temperature effects on sedimentary C loss are well understood, but the mechanism of change in turnover through priming with labile organic matter (OM) is not. Evaluating changes in the magnitude of priming as a function of warming, eutrophication, and OM stoichiometry, we incubated sediments with 13 C-labeled fresh organic matter (FOM, algal/cyanobacterial) and simulated future climate scenarios (+4°C and +8°C). We investigated FOM-induced production of CH4 and microbial community changes. C loss was primed by up to 17% in dominantly allochthonous sediments (ranging from 5% to 17%), compared to up to 6% in autochthonous sediments (-9% to 6%), suggesting that refractory OM is more susceptible to priming. The magnitude of priming was dependent on sediment OM stoichiometry (C/N ratio), the ratio of fresh labile OM to microbial biomass (FOM/MB), and temperature. Priming was strongest at 4°C when FOM/MB was below 50%. Addition of FOM was associated with activation and growth of bacterial decomposers, including for example, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, or Fibrobacteres, known for their potential to degrade insoluble and complex structural biopolymers. Using sedimentary C/N > 15 as a threshold, we show that in up to 35% of global lakes, sedimentation is dominated by allochthonous rather than autochthonous material. We then provide first-order estimates showing that, upon increase in phytoplankton biomass in these lakes, priming-enabled degradation of recalcitrant OM will release up to 2.1 Tg C annually, which would otherwise be buried for geological times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bartosiewicz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Przytulska
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Birkholz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Zopfi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Moritz F Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Wang Y, Yang S, Liu J, Wang J, Xiao M, Liang Q, Ren X, Wang Y, Mou H, Sun H. Realization process of microalgal biorefinery: The optional approach toward carbon net-zero emission. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165546. [PMID: 37454852 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emission has already become a dire threat to the human race and Earth's ecology. Microalgae are recommended to be engineered as CO2 fixers in biorefinery, which play crucial roles in responding climate change and accelerating the transition to a sustainable future. This review sorted through each segment of microalgal biorefinery to explore the potential for its practical implementation and commercialization, offering valuable insights into research trends and identifies challenges that needed to be addressed in the development process. Firstly, the known mechanisms of microalgal photosynthetic CO2 fixation and the approaches for strain improvement were summarized. The significance of process regulation for strengthening fixation efficiency and augmenting competitiveness was emphasized, with a specific focus on CO2 and light optimization strategies. Thereafter, the massive potential of microalgal refineries for various bioresource production was discussed in detail, and the integration with contaminant reclamation was mentioned for economic and ecological benefits. Subsequently, economic and environmental impacts of microalgal biorefinery were evaluated via life cycle assessment (LCA) and techno-economic analysis (TEA) to lit up commercial feasibility. Finally, the current obstacles and future perspectives were discussed objectively to offer an impartial reference for future researchers and investors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shufang Yang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Algae Biotechnology and Innovation, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mengshi Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingping Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xinmiao Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Marine Science research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Han Sun
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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7
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Mayot N, Le Quéré C, Rödenbeck C, Bernardello R, Bopp L, Djeutchouang LM, Gehlen M, Gregor L, Gruber N, Hauck J, Iida Y, Ilyina T, Keeling RF, Landschützer P, Manning AC, Patara L, Resplandy L, Schwinger J, Séférian R, Watson AJ, Wright RM, Zeng J. Climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO 2 sink. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220055. [PMID: 37150207 PMCID: PMC10164464 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean is a major sink of atmospheric CO2, but the nature and magnitude of its variability remains uncertain and debated. Estimates based on observations suggest substantial variability that is not reproduced by process-based ocean models, with increasingly divergent estimates over the past decade. We examine potential constraints on the nature and magnitude of climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink from observation-based air-sea O2 fluxes. On interannual time scales, the variability in the air-sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 estimated from observations is consistent across the two species and positively correlated with the variability simulated by ocean models. Our analysis suggests that variations in ocean ventilation related to the Southern Annular Mode are responsible for this interannual variability. On decadal time scales, the existence of significant variability in the air-sea CO2 flux estimated from observations also tends to be supported by observation-based estimates of O2 flux variability. However, the large decadal variability in air-sea CO2 flux is absent from ocean models. Our analysis suggests that issues in representing the balance between the thermal and non-thermal components of the CO2 sink and/or insufficient variability in mode water formation might contribute to the lack of decadal variability in the current generation of ocean models. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Mayot
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C. Le Quéré
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C. Rödenbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 600164, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Bernardello
- Department of Earth Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L. Bopp
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France
| | - L. M. Djeutchouang
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- SOCCO, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - M. Gehlen
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L. Gregor
- Environmental Physics, ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N. Gruber
- Environmental Physics, ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Hauck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Y. Iida
- Atmosphere and Ocean Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan
| | - T. Ilyina
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. F. Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P. Landschützer
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - A. C. Manning
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - L. Patara
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - L. Resplandy
- Department of Geosciences and High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J. Schwinger
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - R. Séférian
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - A. J. Watson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - R. M. Wright
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - J. Zeng
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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8
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Landschützer P, Tanhua T, Behncke J, Keppler L. Sailing through the southern seas of air-sea CO 2 flux uncertainty. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220064. [PMID: 37150203 PMCID: PMC10164465 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean is among the largest contemporary sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide on our planet; however, remoteness, harsh weather and other circumstances have led to an undersampling of the ocean basin, compared with its northern hemispheric counterparts. While novel data interpolation methods can in part compensate for such data sparsity, recent studies raised awareness that we have hit a wall of unavoidable uncertainties in air-sea [Formula: see text] flux reconstructions. Here, we present results from autonomous observing campaigns using a novel platform to observe remote ocean regions: sailboats. Sailboats are at present a free of charge environmentally friendly platform that recurrently pass remote ocean regions during round-the-globe racing events. During the past 5 years, we collected [Formula: see text] measurements of the sea surface partial pressure of [Formula: see text] (p[Formula: see text]) around the globe including the Southern Ocean throughout an Antarctic circumnavigation during the Vendée Globe racing event. Our analysis demonstrates that the sailboat tracks pass regions where large uncertainty in the air-sea [Formula: see text] flux reconstruction prevails, with regional oversaturation or undersaturation of the sea surface p[Formula: see text]. Sailboat races provide an independent cross-calibration platform for autonomous measurement devices, such as Argo floats, ultimately strengthening the entire Southern Ocean observing system. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Landschützer
- Department Research, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), 8400 Ostend, Belgium
- The Ocean in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Toste Tanhua
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Behncke
- The Ocean in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Keppler
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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9
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Shetye S, Pratihary A, Shenoy D, Kurian S, Gauns M, Uskaikar H, Naik B, Nandakumar K, Borker S. Rice husk as a potential source of silicate to oceanic phytoplankton. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162941. [PMID: 36934917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Global oceans are witnessing changes in the phytoplankton community composition due to various environmental stressors such as rising temperature, stratification, nutrient limitation, and ocean acidification. The Arabian Sea is undergoing changes in its phytoplankton community composition, especially during winter, with the diatoms being replaced by harmful algal blooms (HABs) of dinoflagellates. Recent studies have already highlighted dissolved silicate (DSi) limitation and change in Silicon (Si)/Nitrogen (N) ratios as the factors responsible for the observed changes in the phytoplankton community in the Arabian Sea. Our investigation also revealed Si/N < 1 in the northern Arabian Sea, indicating DSi limitation, especially during winter. Here, we demonstrate that rice husk with its phytoliths is an important source of bioavailable DSi for oceanic phytoplankton. Our experiment showed that a rice husk can release ∼12 μM of DSi in 15 days and can release DSi for ∼20 days. The DSi availability increased diatom abundance up to ∼9 times. The major benefitted diatom species from DSi enrichment were Nitzshia spp., Striatella spp., Navicula spp., Dactiliosolen spp., and Leptocylindrus spp. The increase in diatom abundance was accompanied by an increase in fucoxanthin and dimethyl sulphide (DMS), an anti-greenhouse gas. Thus, the rice husk with its buoyancy and slow DSi release has the potential to reduce HABs, and increase diatoms and fishery resources in addition to carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in DSi-limited oceanic regions such as the Arabian Sea. Rice husk if released at the formation site of the Subantarctic mode water in the Southern Ocean could supply DSi to the thermocline in the global oceans thereby increasing diatom blooms and consequently the biotic carbon sequestration potential of the entire ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Shetye
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India.
| | - Anil Pratihary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Damodar Shenoy
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Mangesh Gauns
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Hema Uskaikar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Bhagyashri Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - K Nandakumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
| | - Sidhesh Borker
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India
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10
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Ma Z, Cheah WY, Ng IS, Chang JS, Zhao M, Show PL. Microalgae-based biotechnological sequestration of carbon dioxide for net zero emissions. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 40:1439-1453. [PMID: 36216714 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere have become a dire threat to the human race and environmental sustainability. The ultimate goal of net zero emissions requires combined efforts on CO2 sequestration (natural sinks, biomass fixation, engineered approaches) and reduction in CO2 emissions while delivering economic growth (CO2 valorization for a circular carbon bioeconomy, CCE). We discuss microalgae-based CO2 biosequestration, including flue gas cultivation, biotechnological approaches for enhanced CO2 biosequestration, technological innovations for microalgal cultivation, and CO2 valorization/biofuel productions. We highlight challenges to current practices and future perspectives with the goal of contributing to environmental sustainability, net zero emissions, and the CCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - I-Son Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Min Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, India; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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11
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Simonetti S, Zupo V, Gambi MC, Luckenbach T, Corsi I. Unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms of acid stress tolerance and resistance in marine species: New frontiers in the study of adaptation to ocean acidification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114365. [PMID: 36435021 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuel combustion has led to a 30 %-increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, also increasing the ocean partial CO2 pressure. The consequent lowered surface seawater pH is termed ocean acidification (OA) and severely affects marine life on a global scale. Cellular and molecular responses of marine species to lowered seawater pH have been studied but information on the mechanisms driving the tolerance of adapted species to comparatively low seawater pH is limited. Such information may be obtained from species inhabiting sites with naturally low water pH that have evolved remarkable abilities to tolerate such conditions. This review gathers information on current knowledge about species naturally facing low water pH conditions and on cellular and molecular adaptive mechanisms enabling the species to survive under, and even benefit from, adverse pH conditions. Evidences derived from case studies on naturally acidified systems and on resistance mechanisms will guide predictions on the consequences of future adverse OA scenarios for marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Simonetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Dep.t of BluBioTech, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Dep.t of BluBioTech, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Till Luckenbach
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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12
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Cao Y, Zhang B, Cai Q, Zhu Z, Liu B, Dong G, Greer CW, Lee K, Chen B. Responses of Alcanivorax species to marine alkanes and polyhydroxybutyrate plastic pollution: Importance of the ocean hydrocarbon cycles. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120177. [PMID: 36116568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding microbial responses to hydrocarbon and plastic pollution are crucial for limiting the detrimental impacts of environmental contaminants on marine ecosystems. Herein, we reported a new Alcanivorax species isolated from the North Atlantic Ocean capable of degrading alkanes and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) plastic (one of the emerging bioplastics that may capture the future plastic market). The whole-genome sequencing showed that the species harbors three types of alkane 1-monooxygenases (AlkB) and one PHB depolymerase (PhaZ) to initiate the degradation of alkanes and plastics. Growth profiling demonstrated that n-pentadecane (C15, the main alkane in the marine environment due to cyanobacterial production other than oil spills) and PHB could serve as preferential carbon sources. However, the cell membrane composition, PhaZ activity, and expression of three alkB genes were utterly different when grown on C15 and PHB. Further, Alcanivorax was a well-recognized alkane-degrader that participated in the ocean hydrocarbon cycles linking with hydrocarbon production and removal. Our discovery supported that the existing biogeochemical processes may add to the marine ecosystem's resilience to the impacts of plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Cao
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada.
| | - Qinhong Cai
- Gaia Refinery, Saint John, NB E2J 2E7, Canada
| | - Zhiwen Zhu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Bo Liu
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Guihua Dong
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Ecosystem Science, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada
| | - Bing Chen
- Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollutant Control (NRPOP) Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
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13
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Xu W, Zhu X. Evaluation and Determinants of the Digital Inclusive Financial Support Efficiency for Marine Carbon Sink Fisheries: Evidence from China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113971. [PMID: 36360850 PMCID: PMC9658466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of digital inclusive finance has greatly improved the feasibility of financial inclusion. Therefore, in the context of the constrained financing of marine carbon sink fisheries, we try to investigate whether digital inclusive finance exhibits a supportive effect on marine carbon sink fisheries and thus enhances the capacity of marine carbon sinks. Specifically, this paper empirically calculates the grey correlation between the development of digital inclusive finance and marine carbon sinks based on data in nine coastal provinces of China from 2011 to 2019. The empirical results show that the grey relational coefficients between the above two in China are more than 0.5, revealing a significant positive correlation. Then, on this basis, we estimate the digital inclusive financial support efficiency (DIFSE) for marine carbon sink fisheries by applying the Super-EBM model. In addition, the determinants affecting the DIFSE for marine carbon sink fisheries selected based on the grounded theory are explored through the Tobit model. The conclusions are as follows. First, there are time-varying characteristics and regional heterogeneity in DIFSE. Generally, the effect of China's digital inclusive financial support for marine carbon sink fisheries is expanding year by year. Among them, the DIFSE in the northern marine economic circle is currently the highest, followed by that in the south and east. Second, the input of productive factors, promotion of fishery skill, development of fishery technology, and Internet coverage will significantly increase the value of DIFSE, while output structure, income level, fishery disasters, and marine pollution will have significant negative effects on DIFSE. These empirical results can help policymakers better understand the contribution of digital inclusive finance to marine carbon sink fisheries and provide them with valuable information for the formulation of supportive policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Xu
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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14
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Yun J, Jeong S, Gruber N, Gregor L, Ho CH, Piao S, Ciais P, Schimel D, Kwon EY. Enhance seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO 2 by the changing Southern Ocean carbon sink. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq0220. [PMID: 36223458 PMCID: PMC9555781 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced seasonal amplitude of atmospheric CO2 has been viewed so far primarily as a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon. Yet, analyses of atmospheric CO2 records from 49 stations between 1980 and 2018 reveal substantial trends and variations in this amplitude globally. While no significant trends can be discerned before 2000 in most places, strong positive trends emerge after 2000 in the southern high latitudes. Using factorial simulations with an atmospheric transport model and analyses of surface ocean Pco2 observations, we show that the increase is best explained by the onset of increasing seasonality of air-sea CO2 exchange over the Southern Ocean around 2000. Underlying these changes is the long-term ocean acidification trend that tends to enhance the seasonality of the air-sea fluxes, but this trend is modified by the decadal variability of the Southern Ocean carbon sink. The seasonal variations of atmospheric CO2 thus emerge as a sensitive recorder of the variations of the Southern Ocean carbon sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Yun
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujong Jeong
- Department of Environmental Planning, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Planning Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicolas Gruber
- Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luke Gregor
- Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chang-Hoi Ho
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Schimel
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Eun Young Kwon
- Center for Climate Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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15
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A deep-learning estimate of the decadal trends in the Southern Ocean carbon storage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4056. [PMID: 35831323 PMCID: PMC9279406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake of atmospheric carbon by the ocean, especially at high latitudes, plays an important role in offsetting anthropogenic emissions. At the surface of the Southern Ocean south of 30∘S, the ocean carbon uptake, which had been weakening in 1990s, strengthened in the 2000s. However, sparseness of in-situ measurements in the ocean interior make it difficult to compute changes in carbon storage below the surface. Here we develop a machine-learning model, which can estimate concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the Southern Ocean up to 4 km depth only using data available at the ocean surface. Our model is fast and computationally inexpensive. We apply it to calculate trends in DIC concentrations over the past three decades and find that DIC decreased in the 1990s and 2000s, but has increased, in particular in the upper ocean since the 2010s. However, the particular circulation dynamics that drove these changes may have differed across zonal sectors of the Southern Ocean. While the near-surface decrease in DIC concentrations would enhance atmospheric CO2 uptake continuing the previously-found trends, weakened connectivity between surface and deep layers and build-up of DIC in deep waters could reduce the ocean’s carbon storage potential. Dissolved carbon concentrations in the ocean interior are computed by a deep-learning model using ocean surface data. In the Southern Ocean, they decreased in the 1990s-2000s and increased since 2010, reducing anthropogenic carbon uptake potential.
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16
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Chen H, Haumann FA, Talley LD, Johnson KS, Sarmiento JL. The Deep Ocean's Carbon Exhaust. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 2022; 36:e2021GB007156. [PMID: 36248262 PMCID: PMC9540790 DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The deep ocean releases large amounts of old, pre-industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere through upwelling in the Southern Ocean, which counters the marine carbon uptake occurring elsewhere. This Southern Ocean CO2 release is relevant to the global climate because its changes could alter atmospheric CO2 levels on long time scales, and also affects the present-day potential of the Southern Ocean to take up anthropogenic CO2. Here, year-round profiling float measurements show that this CO2 release arises from a zonal band of upwelling waters between the Subantarctic Front and wintertime sea-ice edge. This band of high CO2 subsurface water coincides with the outcropping of the 27.8 kg m-3 isoneutral density surface that characterizes Indo-Pacific Deep Water (IPDW). It has a potential partial pressure of CO2 exceeding current atmospheric CO2 levels (∆PCO2) by 175 ± 32 μatm. Ship-based measurements reveal that IPDW exhibits a distinct ∆PCO2 maximum in the ocean, which is set by remineralization of organic carbon and originates from the northern Pacific and Indian Ocean basins. Below this IPDW layer, the carbon content increases downwards, whereas ∆PCO2 decreases. Most of this vertical ∆PCO2 decline results from decreasing temperatures and increasing alkalinity due to an increased fraction of calcium carbonate dissolution. These two factors limit the CO2 outgassing from the high-carbon content deep waters on more southerly surface outcrops. Our results imply that the response of Southern Ocean CO2 fluxes to possible future changes in upwelling are sensitive to the subsurface carbon chemistry set by the vertical remineralization and dissolution profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Chen
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences ProgramPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
| | | | - Lynne D. Talley
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Jorge L. Sarmiento
- Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences ProgramPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJUSA
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17
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Gu H, Yin K. Forecasting algae and shellfish carbon sink capability on fractional order accumulation grey model. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:5409-5427. [PMID: 35603362 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine biology carbon sinks function is vital pathway to earned carbon neutrality object. Algae and shellfish can capture CO2 from atmosphere reducing CO2 concentration. Therefore, algae and shellfish carbon sink capability investigate and forecast are important problem. The study forecast algae and shellfish carbon sinks capability trend base on 9 China coastal provinces. Fractional order accumulation grey model (FGM) is employed to forecast algae and shellfish carbon sinks capability. The result showed algae and shellfish have huge carbon sinks capability. North coastal provinces algae and shellfish carbon sinks capability trend smoothness. South and east coastal provinces carbon sinks capability trend changed drastically. The research advised coastal provinces defend algae and shellfish population, expand carbon sink capability. Algae and shellfish carbon sink resource will promote environment sustainable develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolei Gu
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Kedong Yin
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
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18
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The land-to-ocean loops of the global carbon cycle. Nature 2022; 603:401-410. [PMID: 35296840 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbon storage by the ocean and by the land is usually quantified separately, and does not fully take into account the land-to-ocean transport of carbon through inland waters, estuaries, tidal wetlands and continental shelf waters-the 'land-to-ocean aquatic continuum' (LOAC). Here we assess LOAC carbon cycling before the industrial period and perturbed by direct human interventions, including climate change. In our view of the global carbon cycle, the traditional 'long-range loop', which carries carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the open ocean through rivers, is reinforced by two 'short-range loops' that carry carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to inland waters and from tidal wetlands to the open ocean. Using a mass-balance approach, we find that the pre-industrial uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide by terrestrial ecosystems transferred to the ocean and outgassed back to the atmosphere amounts to 0.65 ± 0.30 petagrams of carbon per year (±2 sigma). Humans have accelerated the cycling of carbon between terrestrial ecosystems, inland waters and the atmosphere, and decreased the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide from tidal wetlands and submerged vegetation. Ignoring these changing LOAC carbon fluxes results in an overestimation of carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems by 0.6 ± 0.4 petagrams of carbon per year, and an underestimation of sedimentary and oceanic carbon storage. We identify knowledge gaps that are key to reduce uncertainties in future assessments of LOAC fluxes.
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19
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Carroll D, Menemenlis D, Dutkiewicz S, Lauderdale JM, Adkins JF, Bowman KW, Brix H, Fenty I, Gierach MM, Hill C, Jahn O, Landschützer P, Manizza M, Mazloff MR, Miller CE, Schimel DS, Verdy A, Whitt DB, Zhang H. Attribution of Space-Time Variability in Global-Ocean Dissolved Inorganic Carbon. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 2022; 36:e2021GB007162. [PMID: 35865754 PMCID: PMC9286438 DOI: 10.1029/2021gb007162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The inventory and variability of oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is driven by the interplay of physical, chemical, and biological processes. Quantifying the spatiotemporal variability of these drivers is crucial for a mechanistic understanding of the ocean carbon sink and its future trajectory. Here, we use the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean-Darwin ocean biogeochemistry state estimate to generate a global-ocean, data-constrained DIC budget and investigate how spatial and seasonal-to-interannual variability in three-dimensional circulation, air-sea CO2 flux, and biological processes have modulated the ocean sink for 1995-2018. Our results demonstrate substantial compensation between budget terms, resulting in distinct upper-ocean carbon regimes. For example, boundary current regions have strong contributions from vertical diffusion while equatorial regions exhibit compensation between upwelling and biological processes. When integrated across the full ocean depth, the 24-year DIC mass increase of 64 Pg C (2.7 Pg C year-1) primarily tracks the anthropogenic CO2 growth rate, with biological processes providing a small contribution of 2% (1.4 Pg C). In the upper 100 m, which stores roughly 13% (8.1 Pg C) of the global increase, we find that circulation provides the largest DIC gain (6.3 Pg C year-1) and biological processes are the largest loss (8.6 Pg C year-1). Interannual variability is dominated by vertical advection in equatorial regions, with the 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation causing the largest year-to-year change in upper-ocean DIC (2.1 Pg C). Our results provide a novel, data-constrained framework for an improved mechanistic understanding of natural and anthropogenic perturbations to the ocean sink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Carroll
- Moss Landing Marine LaboratoriesSan José State UniversityMoss LandingCAUSA
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Global Change ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jonathan M. Lauderdale
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Jess F. Adkins
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Kevin W. Bowman
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Holger Brix
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
- Institute of Coastal Ocean DynamicsHelmholtz‐Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany
| | - Ian Fenty
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - Chris Hill
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Oliver Jahn
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | | | - Manfredi Manizza
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Matt R. Mazloff
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Charles E. Miller
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - David S. Schimel
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Ariane Verdy
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Hong Zhang
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
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20
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21
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Cavan EL, Hill SL. Commercial fishery disturbance of the global ocean biological carbon sink. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1212-1221. [PMID: 34921472 PMCID: PMC9300016 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plankton drive a major sink of carbon across the global oceans. Dead plankton, their faeces and the faeces of plankton feeders, form a huge rain of carbon sinking to the seabed and deep ocean, reducing atmospheric CO2 levels and thus helping to regulate the climate. Any change in plankton communities, ecosystems or habitats will perturb this carbon sink, potentially increasing atmospheric CO2 . Fishing is a major cause of ocean ecosystem disturbance affecting all trophic levels including plankton, but its potential impact on the carbon sink is unknown. As both fisheries and the carbon sink depend on plankton, there is spatial overlap of these fundamental ecosystem services. Here, we provide the first global maps of this spatial overlap. Using an upper quartile analysis, we show that 21% of the total upper ocean carbon sink (export) and 39% of fishing effort globally are concentrated in zones of intensive overlap, representing 9% of the ocean surface area. This overlap is particularly evident in the Northeast Atlantic suggesting this region should be prioritized in terms of research and conservation measures to preserve the high levels of sinking carbon. Small pelagic fish dominate catches here and globally, and their exploitation could reduce important faecal pellet carbon sinks and cause trophic cascades affecting plankton communities. There is an urgent need to recognize that, alongside climate change, fishing might be a critical influence on the ability of the ocean to sequester atmospheric CO2 . Improved understanding of this influence, and how it will change with the climate, will be important for realizing a sustainable balance of the twin needs for productive fisheries and strong carbon sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Cavan
- Department of Life SciencesImperial College LondonAscotBerkshireUK
| | - Simeon L. Hill
- British Antarctic SurveyNatural Environment Research CouncilCambridgeUK
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22
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Krachler R, Krachler RF. Northern High-Latitude Organic Soils As a Vital Source of River-Borne Dissolved Iron to the Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9672-9690. [PMID: 34251212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic soils in the Arctic-boreal region produce small aquatic humic ligands (SAHLs), a category of naturally occurring complexing agents for iron. Every year, large amounts of SAHLs-loaded with iron mobilized in river basins-reach the oceans via river runoff. Recent studies have shown that a fraction of SAHLs belong to the group of strong iron-binding ligands in the ocean. That means, their Fe(III) complexes withstand dissociation even under the conditions of extremely high dilution in the open ocean. Fe(III)-loaded SAHLs are prone to UV-photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge-transfer which leads to disintegration of the complex and, as a consequence, to enhanced concentrations of bioavailable dissolved Fe(II) in sunlit upper water layers. On the other hand, in water depths below the penetration depth of UV, the Fe(III)-loaded SAHLs are fairly resistant to degradation which makes them ideally suited as long-lived molecular transport vehicles for river-derived iron in ocean currents. At locations where SAHLs are present in excess, they can bind to iron originating from various sources. For example, SAHLs were proposed to contribute substantially to the stabilization of hydrothermal iron in deep North Atlantic waters. Recent discoveries have shown that SAHLs, supplied by the Arctic Great Rivers, greatly improve dissolved iron concentrations in the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. In these regions, SAHLs play a critical role in relieving iron limitation of phytoplankton, thereby supporting the oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. The present Critical Review describes the most recent findings and highlights future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Krachler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; http://anorg-chemie.univie.ac.at
| | - Rudolf F Krachler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; http://anorg-chemie.univie.ac.at
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23
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Terhaar J, Frölicher TL, Joos F. Southern Ocean anthropogenic carbon sink constrained by sea surface salinity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabd5964. [PMID: 33910904 PMCID: PMC8081370 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ocean attenuates global warming by taking up about one quarter of global anthropogenic carbon emissions. Around 40% of this carbon sink is located in the Southern Ocean. However, Earth system models struggle to reproduce the Southern Ocean circulation and carbon fluxes. We identify a tight relationship across two multimodel ensembles between present-day sea surface salinity in the subtropical-polar frontal zone and the anthropogenic carbon sink in the Southern Ocean. Observations and model results constrain the cumulative Southern Ocean sink over 1850-2100 to 158 ± 6 petagrams of carbon under the low-emissions scenario Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1-2.6 (SSP1-2.6) and to 279 ± 14 petagrams of carbon under the high-emissions scenario SSP5-8.5. The constrained anthropogenic carbon sink is 14 to 18% larger and 46 to 54% less uncertain than estimated by the unconstrained estimates. The identified constraint demonstrates the importance of the freshwater cycle for the Southern Ocean circulation and carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Terhaar
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas L Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Galvao P, Sus B, Lailson-Brito J, Azevedo A, Malm O, Bisi T. An upwelling area as a hot spot for mercury biomonitoring in a climate change scenario: A case study with large demersal fishes from Southeast Atlantic (SE-Brazil). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128718. [PMID: 33189394 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Data concerning the monomethylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation in marine biota from Southeast Atlantic Ocean are scarce. This study purchased large specimens of demersal fishes from an upwelling region: Warsaw grouper (Epinephelus nigritus), Dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) and Namorado sandperch (Pseudopercis numida). The authors addressed the bioaccumulation and toxicokinetic of mercury in fish organs, and the toxicological risk for human consumption of this metal in the muscle tissues accessed. Additionally, the present study discussed the possible implications of shifts in key variables of the environment related to a climate-changing predicted scenario, to the mercury biomagnification in a tropical upwelling system. The muscle was the main stock of MeHg, although the highest THg concentrations have been found in liver tissue. Regarding the acceptable maximum level (ML = 1 mg kg-1), E. nigritus and E. marginatus showed 22% of the samples above this limit. Concerning P. numida, 77% were above 0.5 mg kg-1, but below the ML. The %MeHg in liver and muscle showed no significative correlations, which suggest independent biochemical pathways to the toxicokinetic of MeHg, and constrains the indirect assessment of the mercury contamination in the edible tissue by the liver analyses. The present study highlights the food web features of a tropical upwelling ecosystem that promote mercury biomagnification. Additionally, recent studies endorse the enhancement of upwelling phenomenon due to the climate global changes which boost the pumping of mercury enriched water to the oceanic upper layer. Therefore, the upwelling areas might be hot spots for MeHg monitoring in marine biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrus Galvao
- Programa de Biofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Sus
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Azevedo
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Programa de Biofísica Ambiental, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Bisi
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores Prof(a). Izabel Gurgel (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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