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Limayem A, Martin EM, Shankar S. Study on the citrus greening disease: Current challenges and novel therapies. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106688. [PMID: 38750772 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The unprecedented worldwide spread of the Citrus greening disorder, called Huanglongbing (HLB), has urged researchers for rapid interventions. HLB poses a considerable threat to global citriculture owing to its devastating impact on citrus species. This disease is caused by Candidatus Liberibacter species (CLs), primarily transferred through psyllid insects, such as Trioza erytreae and Diaphorina citri. It results in phloem malfunction, root decline, and altered plant source-sink relationships, leading to a deficient plant with minimal yield before it dies. Thus, many various techniques have been employed to eliminate HLB and control vector populations through the application of insecticides and antimicrobials. The latter have evidenced short-term efficiency. While nucleic acid-based analyses and symptom-based identification of the disease have been used for detection, they suffer from limitations such as false negatives, complex sample preparation, and high costs. To address these challenges, secreted protein-based biomarkers offer a promising solution for accurate, rapid, and cost-effective disease detection. This paper presents an overview of HLB symptoms in citrus plants, including leaf and fruit symptoms, as well as whole tree symptoms. The differentiation between HLB symptoms and those of nutrient deficiencies is discussed, emphasizing the importance of precise identification for effective disease management. The elusive nature of CLs and the challenges in culturing them in axenic cultures have hindered the understanding of their pathogenic mechanisms. However, genome sequencing has provided insights into CLs strains' metabolic traits and potential virulence factors. Efforts to identify potential host target genes for resistance are discussed, and a high-throughput antimicrobial testing method using Citrus hairy roots is introduced as a promising tool for rapid assessment of potential treatments. This review summarizes current challenges and novel therapies for HLB disease. It highlights the urgency of developing accurate and efficient detection methods and identifying the complex relations between CLs and their host plants. Transgenic citrus in conjunction with secreted protein-based biomarkers and innovative testing methodologies could revolutionize HLB management strategies toward achieving a sustainable citrus cultivation. It offers more reliable and practical solutions to combat this devastating disease and safeguard the global citriculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya Limayem
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Food Science, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, AR, USA
| | - Shiv Shankar
- Research Laboratories in Science, Applied to Food, INRS-Armand-Frappier Health and Biotechnology Centre, Laval, Quebec, Canada; School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Grangegorman, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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da Silva IP, Costa MGC, da Costa Pinto MDFF, da Silva MAA, Filho MAC, Fancelli M. Volatile compounds in citrus in adaptation to water deficit and to herbivory by Diaphorina citri: how the secondary metabolism of the plant is modulated under concurrent stresses. A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024:112157. [PMID: 38871029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Citrus plants are grown in diverse regions of the world, from subtropical to semi-arid and humid tropical areas. Through mechanisms essential for their survival, they adapt to the environmental conditions to which they are subjected. Although there is vast literature on adaptation of citrus plants to individual stresses, plant responses to interaction among different types of stresses have not been clearly examined. Abiotic or biotic stresses, or a combination of these stresses, result in reorganization of plant energy resources for defense, whether it be for resistance, tolerance, or prevention of stress. Plants generally respond to these stress factors through production of secondary metabolites, such as volatile compounds, derived from different biosynthesis and degradation pathways, which are released through distinct routes. Volatile compounds vary among plant species, meeting the specific needs of the plant. Simultaneous exposure to the stress factors of water deficit and herbivory leads to responses such as qualitative and quantitative changes in the emission of secondary metabolites, and compounds may accumulate within the leaves or predispose the plant to more quickly respond to the stress brought about by the herbivore. The genetic makeup of citrus plants can contribute to a better response to stress factors; however, studies on the emission of volatile compounds in different citrus genotypes under simultaneous stresses are limited. This review examines the effects of abiotic stress due to water deficit and biotic stress due to herbivory by Diaphorina citri in citrus plants and examines their connection with volatile compounds. A summary is made of advances in knowledge regarding the performance of volatile compounds in plant defense against both stress factors, as well as the interaction between them and possible findings in citrus plants. In addition, throughout this review, we focus on how genetic variation of the citrus species is correlated with production of volatile compounds to improve stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiara Pereira da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Márcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Ayala Araújo da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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3
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Tavares CS, Mishra R, Kishk A, Wang X, Ghobrial PN, Killiny N, Bonning BC. The beta pore-forming bacterial pesticidal protein Tpp78Aa1 is toxic to the Asian citrus psyllid vector of the citrus greening bacterium. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108122. [PMID: 38710321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri transmits the causative agent of huanglongbing, or citrus greening disease, that has decimated global citrus production. Pesticidal proteins derived from bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can provide effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for management of D. citri, but few with sufficient toxicity to D. citri have been identified. Here, we report on the toxicity of 14 Bt-derived pesticidal proteins from five different structural groups against D. citri. These proteins were selected based on previously reported toxicity to other hemipteran species and on pesticidal protein availability. Most of the proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified from inclusion bodies or His-tag affinity purification, while App6Aa2 was expressed in Bt and purified from spore/crystal mixtures. Pesticidal proteins were initially screened by feeding psyllids on a single dose, and lethal concentration (LC50) then determined for proteins with significantly greater mortality than the buffer control. The impact of CLas infection of D. citri on toxicity was assessed for selected proteins via topical feeding. The Bt protein Tpp78Aa1 was toxic to D. citri adults with an LC50 of approximately 204 µg/mL. Nymphs were more susceptible to Tpp78Aa1 than adults but no significant difference in susceptibility was observed between healthy and CLas-infected nymphs or adults. Tpp78Aa1 and other reported D. citri-active proteins may provide valuable tools for suppression of D. citri populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clebson S Tavares
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Ruchir Mishra
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abdelaziz Kishk
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University 31527, Egypt
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pierre N Ghobrial
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University 31527, Egypt
| | - Bryony C Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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4
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Duan XZ, Guo GS, Zhou LF, Li L, Liu ZM, Chen C, Wang BH, Wu L. Enterobacteriaceae as a Key Indicator of Huanglongbing Infection in Diaphorina citri. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5136. [PMID: 38791176 PMCID: PMC11120679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive microbial interactions occur within insect hosts. However, the interactions between the Huanglongbing (HLB) pathogen and endosymbiotic bacteria within the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) in wild populations remain elusive. Thus, this study aimed to detect the infection rates of HLB in the ACP across five localities in China, with a widespread prevalence in Ruijin (RJ, 58%), Huidong (HD, 28%), and Lingui (LG, 15%) populations. Next, microbial communities of RJ and LG populations collected from citrus were analyzed via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The results revealed a markedly higher microbial diversity in the RJ population compared to the LG population. Moreover, the PCoA analysis identified significant differences in microbial communities between the two populations. Considering that the inter-population differences of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity in the RJ population exceeded those between populations, separate analyses were performed. Our findings indicated an increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in individuals infected with HLB in both populations. Random forest analysis also identified Enterobacteriaceae as a crucial indicator of HLB infection. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis suggested a potential regulatory role of ASV4017 in Enterobacteriaceae for ACP, suggesting its possible attractant activity. This research contributes to expanding the understanding of microbial communities associated with HLB infection, holding significant implications for HLB prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lan Wu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330022, China
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Chi Y, Zhang H, Chen S, Cheng Y, Zhang X, Jia D, Chen Q, Chen H, Wei T. Leafhopper salivary carboxylesterase suppresses JA-Ile synthesis to facilitate initial arbovirus transmission in rice phloem. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:100939. [PMID: 38725245 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) is a major defense signal against insect feeding, but whether or how insect salivary effectors suppress JA-Ile synthesis and thus facilitate viral transmission in the plant phloem remains elusive. Insect carboxylesterases (CarEs) are the third major family of detoxification enzymes. Here, we identify a new leafhopper CarE, CarE10, that is specifically expressed in salivary glands and is secreted into the rice phloem as a saliva component. Leafhopper CarE10 directly binds to rice jasmonate resistant 1 (JAR1) and promotes its degradation by the proteasome system. Moreover, the direct association of CarE10 with JAR1 clearly impairs JAR1 enzyme activity for conversion of JA to JA-Ile in an in vitro JA-Ile synthesis system. A devastating rice reovirus activates and promotes the co-secretion of virions and CarE10 via virus-induced vesicles into the saliva-storing salivary cavities of the leafhopper vector and ultimately into the rice phloem to establish initial infection. Furthermore, a virus-mediated increase in CarE10 secretion or overexpression of CarE10 in transgenic rice plants causes reduced levels of JAR1 and thus suppresses JA-Ile synthesis, promoting host attractiveness to insect vectors and facilitating initial viral transmission. Our findings provide insight into how the insect salivary protein CarE10 suppresses host JA-Ile synthesis to promote initial virus transmission in the rice phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Chi
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hongxiang Zhang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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Yao H, Gao S, Sun T, Zhou G, Lu C, Gao B, Chen W, Liang Y. Transcriptomic analysis of the defense response in "Cabernet Sauvignon" grape leaf induced by Apolygus lucorum feeding. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e590. [PMID: 38779180 PMCID: PMC11108798 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism of the defense response of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapes to feeding by Apolygus lucorum, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the transcriptome of grape leaves under three different treatments: feeding by A. lucorum, puncture injury, and an untreated control. The research findings indicated that the differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in three aspects: cellular composition, molecular function, and biological process. These genes were found to be involved in 42 metabolic pathways, particularly in plant hormone signaling metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, and other metabolic pathways associated with plant-induced insect resistance. Feeding by A. lucorum stimulated and upregulated a significant number of genes related to jasmonic acid and calcium ion pathways, suggesting their crucial role in the defense molecular mechanism of "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapes. The consistency between the gene expression and transcriptome sequencing results further supports these findings. This study provides a reference for the further exploration of the defense response in "Cabernet Sauvignon" grapes by elucidating the expression of relevant genes during feeding by A. lucorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yao
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
| | - Suhong Gao
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
| | - Tianhua Sun
- College of ForestryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Guona Zhou
- College of ForestryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Changkuan Lu
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
| | - Baojia Gao
- College of ForestryHebei Agricultural UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
| | - Wenshu Chen
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
| | - Yiming Liang
- College of Agronomy and BiotechnologyHebei Normal University of Science and TechnologyChangliHebeiChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology (in Preparation)ChangliHebeiChina
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Pandey SS, Li J, Oswalt C, Wang N. Dynamics of ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Growth, Concentrations of Reactive Oxygen Species, and Ion Leakage in Huanglongbing-Positive Sweet Orange. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:961-970. [PMID: 38478730 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-23-0294-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) caused by 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) is the most devastating citrus disease worldwide. CLas induces systemic and chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which has been suggested to be a primary cause of cell death in phloem tissues and subsequent HLB symptoms. Mitigating oxidative stress caused by CLas using horticultural approaches has been suggested as a useful strategy to reduce HLB damages. To provide information regarding the application timing to mitigate ROS, we investigated monthly dynamics of CLas concentration, CLas-triggered ROS, and phloem cell death in the bark tissues of asymptomatic and symptomatic branches of HLB-positive Hamlin and Valencia sweet orange trees in the field. Healthy branches in the screenhouse were used as controls. CLas concentration exhibited significant variations over the course of the year, with two distinct peaks observed in Florida citrus groves-late spring/early summer and late fall. Within both Hamlin and Valencia asymptomatic tissues, CLas concentration demonstrated a negative correlation with the deviation between the monthly average mean temperature and the optimal temperature for CLas colonization in plants (25.7°C). However, such a correlation was not evident in symptomatic tissues of Hamlin or Valencia sweet oranges. ROS levels were consistently higher in symptomatic or asymptomatic branches than in healthy branches in most months. ROS concentrations were higher in symptomatic branches than in asymptomatic branches in most months. CLas triggered significant increases in ion leakage in most months for asymptomatic and symptomatic branches compared with healthy controls. In asymptomatic branches of Hamlin, a positive correlation was observed between CLas concentration and ROS concentrations, CLas concentration and ion leakage levels, as well as ROS and ion leakage. Intriguingly, such a relationship was not observed in Valencia asymptomatic branches or in the symptomatic branches of Hamlin and Valencia. This study sheds light on the pathogenicity of CLas by providing useful information on the temporal dynamics of ROS production, phloem cell death, and CLas growth, as well as provides useful information in determining the timing for application of antioxidants and antimicrobial agents to control HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo Shankar Pandey
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
- Current affiliation: Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, India
| | - Jinyun Li
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
| | - Chris Oswalt
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Bartow, FL 33830, U.S.A
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, U.S.A
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Liu XY, Cai XY, Wu HJ, Wan Y, Wei SF, Xu HJ. Salivary proteins NlSP5 and NlSP7 are required for optimal feeding and fitness of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38629775 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saliva has a crucial role in determining the compatibility between piercing-sucking insects and their hosts. The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, a notorious pest of rice in East and Southeast Asia, secretes gelling and watery saliva when feeding on rice sap. Nlsalivap-5 (NlSP5) and Nlsalivap-7 (NlSP7) were identified as potential planthopper-specific gelling saliva components, but their biological functions remain unknown. RESULTS Here, we showed by transcriptomic analyses that NlSP5 and NlSP7 were biasedly expressed in the salivary glands of BPHs. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated genome-editing system, we constructed NlSP5 and NlSP7 homozygous mutants (NlSP5-/- and NlSP7-/-). Electrical penetration graph assay showed that NlSP5-/- and NlSP7-/- mutants exhibited abnormal probing and feeding behaviors. Bioassays revealed that the loss-of-function of NlSP5 and NlSP7 significantly reduced the fitness of BPHs, with extended developmental duration, shortened lifespan, reduced weight, and impaired fecundity and hatching rates. CONCLUSION These findings deepen our understanding of the BPH-host interaction and may provide potential targets for the management of rice planthoppers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Fei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang ZL, Wang XJ, Lu JB, Lu HB, Ye ZX, Xu ZT, Zhang C, Chen JP, Li JM, Zhang CX, Huang HJ. Cross-kingdom RNA interference mediated by insect salivary microRNAs may suppress plant immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318783121. [PMID: 38588412 PMCID: PMC11032475 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318783121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Communication between insects and plants relies on the exchange of bioactive molecules that traverse the species interface. Although proteinic effectors have been extensively studied, our knowledge of other molecules involved in this process remains limited. In this study, we investigate the role of salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) from the rice planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in suppressing plant immunity. A total of three miRNAs were confirmed to be secreted into host plants during insect feeding. Notably, the sequence-conserved miR-7-5P is specifically expressed in the salivary glands of N. lugens and is secreted into saliva, distinguishing it significantly from homologues found in other insects. Silencing miR-7-5P negatively affects N. lugens feeding on rice plants, but not on artificial diets. The impaired feeding performance of miR-7-5P-silenced insects can be rescued by transgenic plants overexpressing miR-7-5P. Through target prediction and experimental testing, we demonstrate that miR-7-5P targets multiple plant genes, including the immune-associated bZIP transcription factor 43 (OsbZIP43). Infestation of rice plants by miR-7-5P-silenced insects leads to the increased expression of OsbZIP43, while the presence of miR-7-5P counteracts this upregulation effect. Furthermore, overexpressing OsbZIP43 confers plant resistance against insects which can be subverted by miR-7-5P. Our findings suggest a mechanism by which herbivorous insects have evolved salivary miRNAs to suppress plant immunity, expanding our understanding of cross-kingdom RNA interference between interacting organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Hai-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou450002, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo315211, China
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Ma X, Yin Z, Li H, Guo J. Roles of herbivorous insects salivary proteins. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29201. [PMID: 38601688 PMCID: PMC11004886 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between herbivorous insects and plants has evolved over millions of years, central to this dynamic interaction are salivary proteins (SPs), which mediate key processes ranging from nutrient acquisition to plant defense manipulation. SPs, sourced from salivary glands, intestinal regurgitation or acquired through horizontal gene transfer, exhibit remarkable functional versatility, influencing insect development, behavior, and adhesion mechanisms. Moreover, SPs play pivotal roles in modulating plant defenses, to induce or inhibit plant defenses as elicitors or effectors. In this review, we delve into the multifaceted roles of SPs in herbivorous insects, highlighting their diverse impacts on insect physiology and plant responses. Through a comprehensive exploration of SP functions, this review aims to deepen our understanding of plant-insect interactions and foster advancements in both fundamental research and practical applications in plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Yin
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pest in Guiyang, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PR China, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
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11
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Dong Z, Liu X, Low W, Riaz M, Tan Q, Sun X, Yan X, Hu C. Abnormal cell wall structure caused by boron nutrient imbalance in orchards could affect psyllid feeding behaviour, resulting in epidemic variation of Asian citrus psyllid. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:282-291. [PMID: 38194355 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The control of Huanglongbing (HLB), one of the most destructive pests of citrus, relies heavily on the reduction of Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. An in-depth understanding of ACP feeding behaviours among citrus plants is urgent for comprehensive management of orchards. An investigation was conducted in 37 citrus orchards in HLB epidemic areas, sampling shoots in the area with aggregation feeding of ACP (ACPf) and shoots in a neighbouring area without ACP feeding (CK), to study the interaction between leaf chemical composition and ACP psyllid feeding behaviours. Results of FTIR showed a strong absorption peak intensity, mainly representing functional groups originating from cell wall components in the leaf with ACP feeding. As compared with the control, cell wall components, such as alkali-soluble pectin, water-soluble pectin, total soluble pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, of the cell wall of ACPf increased by 134.0%, 14.0%, 18.0%, 12.5%, and 20.35%, respectively. These results suggest that cell wall mechanical properties significantly decreased in the term of decreases in pectin performance and cellulose mechanical properties. In addition, there was a remarkably lower boron (B) content in leaves and cell wall components with ACP feeding. Further analysis indicated that leaf B content significantly affected leaf cell wall components. Taken together, we provide evidence to demonstrate that the regional distribution of nutrient imbalance in orchards could affect psyllid feeding behaviour by weakening the cell wall structure, resulting in epidemic variation in ACP. This could help us to understand the management of psyllid infections in orchards with unbalanced nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Dong
- College of Resource and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Microelement Research Center, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Liu
- Microelement Research Center, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - W Low
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Ganzhou Citrus Research Institute, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - M Riaz
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Ganzhou Citrus Research Institute, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Q Tan
- Microelement Research Center, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Sun
- Microelement Research Center, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - X Yan
- Ganzhou Citrus Research Institute, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - C Hu
- Microelement Research Center, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New Fertilizers, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Naalden D, Dermauw W, Ilias A, Baggerman G, Mastop M, Silven JJM, van Kleeff PJM, Dangol S, Gaertner NF, Roseboom W, Kwaaitaal M, Kramer G, van den Burg HA, Vontas J, Van Leeuwen T, Kant MR, Schuurink RC. Interaction of Whitefly Effector G4 with Tomato Proteins Impacts Whitefly Performance. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:98-111. [PMID: 38051229 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-23-0045-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The phloem-feeding insect Bemisia tabaci is an important pest, responsible for the transmission of several crop-threatening virus species. While feeding, the insect secretes a cocktail of effectors to modulate plant defense responses. Here, we present a set of proteins identified in an artificial diet on which B. tabaci was salivating. We subsequently studied whether these candidate effectors can play a role in plant immune suppression. Effector G4 was the most robust suppressor of an induced- reactive oxygen species (ROS) response in Nicotiana benthamiana. In addition, G4 was able to suppress ROS production in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Capsicum annuum (pepper). G4 localized predominantly in the endoplasmic reticulum in N. benthamiana leaves and colocalized with two identified target proteins in tomato: REF-like stress related protein 1 (RSP1) and meloidogyne-induced giant cell protein DB141 (MIPDB141). Silencing of MIPDB141 in tomato reduced whitefly fecundity up to 40%, demonstrating that the protein is involved in susceptibility to B. tabaci. Together, our data demonstrate that effector G4 impairs tomato immunity to whiteflies by interfering with ROS production and via an interaction with tomato susceptibility protein MIPDB141. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Naalden
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- Unit Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Marieke Mastop
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette J M Silven
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula J M van Kleeff
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarmina Dangol
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Frédéric Gaertner
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winfried Roseboom
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Kwaaitaal
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan Kramer
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harrold A van den Burg
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Merijn R Kant
- Department of Evolutionary and Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Zhang J, Yu Y, Qian X, Zhang X, Li X, Sun X. Recent Advances in the Specialized Metabolites Mediating Resistance to Insect Pests and Pathogens in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:323. [PMID: 38276780 PMCID: PMC10818678 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tea is the second most popular nonalcoholic beverage consumed in the world, made from the buds and young leaves of the tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Tea trees, perennial evergreen plants, contain abundant specialized metabolites and suffer from severe herbivore and pathogen attacks in nature. Thus, there has been considerable attention focusing on investigating the precise function of specialized metabolites in plant resistance against pests and diseases. In this review, firstly, the responses of specialized metabolites (including phytohormones, volatile compounds, flavonoids, caffeine, and L-theanine) to different attacks by pests and pathogens were compared. Secondly, research progress on the defensive functions and action modes of specialized metabolites, along with the intrinsic molecular mechanisms in tea plants, was summarized. Finally, the critical questions about specialized metabolites were proposed for better future research on phytohormone-dependent biosynthesis, the characteristics of defense responses to different stresses, and molecular mechanisms. This review provides an update on the biological functions of specialized metabolites of tea plants in defense against two pests and two pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China; (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.Q.); (X.Z.); (X.L.)
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14
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Lin K, Yue L, Yuan L, Kang K, Zhang Y, Pang R, Zhang W. Alanine metabolism mediates energy allocation of the brown planthopper to adapt to resistant rice. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00035-3. [PMID: 38246245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the adaptation to host plant resistance, herbivorous insects faced the challenge of overcoming plant defenses while ensuring their own development and reproductive success. To achieve this, a strategic allocation of energy resources for detoxification and ecological fitness maintenance became essential. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to elucidate the intricate energy allocation mechanisms involved in herbivore adaptation that are currently poorly understood. METHODS The rice Oryza sativa and its monophagous pest, the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens were used as a model system. An integrated analysis of metabolomes and transcriptomes from different BPH populations were conducted to identify the biomarkers. RNA interference of key genes and exogenous injection of key metabolites were performed to validate the function of biomarkers. RESULTS We found that alanine was one of the key biomarkers of BPH adaptation to resistant rice variety IR36. We also found that alanine flow determined the adaptation of BPH to IR36 rice. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT)-mediated alanine transfer to pyruvate was necessary and sufficient for the adaptation. This pathway may be conserved, at least to some extent, in BPH adaptation to multiple rice cultivars with different resistance genes. More importantly, ALT-mediated alanine metabolism is the foundation of downstream energy resource allocation for the adaptation. The adapted BPH population exhibited a significantly higher level of energy reserves in the fat body and ovary when fed with IR36 rice, compared to the unadapted population. This rendered the elevated detoxification in the adapted BPH and their ecological fitness recovery. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings demonstrated the crucial role of ALT-mediated alanine metabolism in energy allocation during the adaptation to resistant rice in BPH. This will provide novel knowledge regarding the co-evolutionary mechanisms between herbivores and their host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Longyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Kui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yibing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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15
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Nagaraj PH. Determining Macromolecular Structures Using Cryo-Electron Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2787:315-332. [PMID: 38656500 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3778-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Structural insights into macromolecular and protein complexes provide key clues about the molecular basis of the function. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a powerful structural biology method for studying protein and macromolecular structures at high resolution in both native and near-native states. Despite the ability to get detailed structural insights into the processes underlying protein function using cryo-EM, there has been hesitancy amongst plant biologists to apply the method for biomolecular interaction studies. This is largely evident from the relatively fewer structural depositions of proteins and protein complexes from plant origin in electron microscopy databank. Even though the progress has been slow, cryo-EM has significantly contributed to our understanding of the molecular biology processes underlying photosynthesis, energy transfer in plants, besides viruses infecting plants. This chapter introduces sample preparation for both negative-staining electron microscopy (NSEM) and cryo-EM for plant proteins and macromolecular complexes and data analysis using single particle analysis for beginners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Hiriyur Nagaraj
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria.
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16
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He Y, Gao Y, Hong H, Geng J, Chen Q, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. Megalurothrips usitatus Directly Causes the Black-Heads and Black-Tail Symptoms of Cowpea along with the Production of Insect-Resistance Flavonoids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3865. [PMID: 38005760 PMCID: PMC10675644 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The thrip (Megalurothrips usitatus) damages the flowers and pods of the cowpea, causing "black-heads and black-tails" (BHBT) symptoms and negatively affecting its economic value. However, the mechanism by which BHBT symptoms develop is still unknown. Our results showed that the microstructure of the pod epidermis was altered and the content of the plant's resistance-related compounds increased after a thrip infestation. However, the contents of protein and free amino acids did not change significantly, suggesting that the nutritional value was not altered. Pathogens were found not to be involved in the formation of BHBT symptoms, as fungi and pathogenic bacteria were not enriched in damaged pods. Two herbivory-induced flavonoids-7,4'-dihydroxyflavone and coumestrol-were found to exert insecticidal activity. Our study clarified that BHBT symptoms are directly caused by the thrip. Thresholds for pest control need to be reconsidered as thrip herbivory did not degrade cowpea nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan He
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (J.G.); (Q.C.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (J.G.); (Q.C.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hainuo Hong
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (J.G.); (Q.C.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiamei Geng
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (J.G.); (Q.C.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiulin Chen
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (J.G.); (Q.C.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (J.G.); (Q.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zengrong Zhu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya 572025, China; (Y.H.); (Y.G.); (H.H.); (J.G.); (Q.C.); (Z.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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17
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Nehela Y, Killiny N. Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Supplementation Boosts the Phytohormonal Profile in ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'-Infected Citrus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3647. [PMID: 37896110 PMCID: PMC10609878 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The devastating citrus disease, Huanglongbing (HLB), is associated with 'Candidatus Liberibacter sp.' and transmitted by citrus psyllids. Unfortunately, HLB has no known sustainable cure yet. Herein, we proposed γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as a potential eco-friendly therapeutic solution to HLB. Herein, we used GC/MS-based targeted metabolomics combined with gene expression to investigate the role of GABA in citrus response against HLB and to better understand its relationship(s) with different phytohormones. GABA supplementation via root drench boosts the accumulation of endogenous GABA in the leaves of both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected trees. GABA accumulation benefits the activation of a multi-layered defensive system via modulating the phytohormone levels and regulating the expression of their biosynthesis genes and some pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) in both healthy and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants. Moreover, our findings showed that GABA application stimulates auxin biosynthesis in 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants via the activation of the indole-3-pyruvate (I3PA) pathway, not via the tryptamine (TAM)-dependent pathway, to enhance the growth of HLB-affected trees. Likewise, GABA accumulation was associated with the upregulation of SA biosynthesis genes, particularly the PAL-dependent route, resulting in higher SA levels that activated CsPR1, CsPR2, CsPR5, and CsWRKY70, which are prominent to activation of the SA-mediated pathway. Additionally, higher GABA levels were correlated with an enhanced JA profile and linked with both CsPR3 and CsPR4, which activates the JA-mediated pathway. Collectively, our findings suggest that exogenous GABA application might be a promising alternative and eco-friendly strategy that helps citrus trees battle HLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd., Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;
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18
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Yan ZW, Chen FY, Zhang X, Cai WJ, Chen CY, Liu J, Wu MN, Liu NJ, Ma B, Wang MY, Chao DY, Gao CJ, Mao YB. Endocytosis-mediated entry of a caterpillar effector into plants is countered by Jasmonate. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6551. [PMID: 37848424 PMCID: PMC10582130 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and pathogens release effectors into plant cells to weaken the host defense or immune response. While the imports of some bacterial and fungal effectors into plants have been previously characterized, the mechanisms of how caterpillar effectors enter plant cells remain a mystery. Using live cell imaging and real-time protein tracking, we show that HARP1, an effector from the oral secretions of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), enters plant cells via protein-mediated endocytosis. The entry of HARP1 into a plant cell depends on its interaction with vesicle trafficking components including CTL1, PATL2, and TET8. The plant defense hormone jasmonate (JA) restricts HARP1 import by inhibiting endocytosis and HARP1 loading into endosomes. Combined with the previous report that HARP1 inhibits JA signaling output in host plants, it unveils that the effector and JA establish a defense and counter-defense loop reflecting the robust arms race between plants and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Juan Cai
- Core Facility Center of CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Man-Ni Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
- University of CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Jing Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Dai-Yin Chao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CEMPS/SIPPE, CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Cai-Ji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology (SIPPE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.
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19
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Tang B, Feng L, Hulin MT, Ding P, Ma W. Cell-type-specific responses to fungal infection in plants revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1732-1747.e5. [PMID: 37741284 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen infection is a dynamic process. Here, we employ single-cell transcriptomics to investigate plant response heterogeneity. By generating an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf atlas encompassing 95,040 cells during infection by a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum higginsianum, we unveil cell-type-specific gene expression, notably an enrichment of intracellular immune receptors in vasculature cells. Trajectory inference identifies cells that had different interactions with the invading fungus. This analysis divulges transcriptional reprogramming of abscisic acid signaling specifically occurring in guard cells, which is consistent with a stomatal closure dependent on direct contact with the fungus. Furthermore, we investigate the transcriptional plasticity of genes involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis in cells at the fungal infection sites, emphasizing the contribution of the epidermis-expressed MYB122 to disease resistance. This work underscores spatially dynamic, cell-type-specific plant responses to a fungal pathogen and provides a valuable resource that supports in-depth investigations of plant-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozeng Tang
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
| | - Li Feng
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
| | - Michelle T Hulin
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK
| | - Pingtao Ding
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wenbo Ma
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, NR4 7UH Norwich, UK.
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20
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Wang YZ, Ye YX, Lu JB, Wang X, Lu HB, Zhang ZL, Ye ZX, Lu YW, Sun ZT, Chen JP, Li JM, Zhang CX, Huang HJ. Horizontally Transferred Salivary Protein Promotes Insect Feeding by Suppressing Ferredoxin-Mediated Plant Defenses. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad221. [PMID: 37804524 PMCID: PMC10583550 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects such as whiteflies, planthoppers, and aphids secrete abundant orphan proteins to facilitate feeding. Yet, how these genes are recruited and evolve to mediate plant-insect interaction remains unknown. In this study, we report a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event from fungi to an ancestor of Aleyrodidae insects approximately 42 to 190 million years ago. BtFTSP1 is a salivary protein that is secreted into host plants during Bemisia tabaci feeding. It targets a defensive ferredoxin 1 in Nicotiana tabacum (NtFD1) and disrupts the NtFD1-NtFD1 interaction in plant cytosol, leading to the degradation of NtFD1 in a ubiquitin-dependent manner. Silencing BtFTSP1 has negative effects on B. tabaci feeding while overexpressing BtFTSP1 in N. tabacum benefits insects and rescues the adverse effect caused by NtFD1 overexpression. The association between BtFTSP1 and NtFD1 is newly evolved after HGT, with the homologous FTSP in its fungal donor failing to interact and destabilize NtFD1. Our study illustrates the important roles of horizontally transferred genes in plant-insect interactions and suggests the potential origin of orphan salivary genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Bao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Bin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ze-Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhuang-Xin Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu-Wen Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zong-Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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21
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Sarkar P, Lin CY, Buritica JR, Killiny N, Levy A. Crossing the Gateless Barriers: Factors Involved in the Movement of Circulative Bacteria Within Their Insect Vectors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1805-1816. [PMID: 37160668 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-22-0249-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant bacterial pathogens transmitted by hemipteran vectors pose a large threat to the agricultural industry worldwide. Although virus-vector relationships have been widely investigated, a significant gap exists in our understanding of the molecular interactions between circulative bacteria and their insect vectors, mainly leafhoppers and psyllids. In this review, we will describe how these bacterial pathogens adhere, invade, and proliferate inside their insect vectors. We will also highlight the different transmission routes and molecular factors of phloem-limited bacteria that maintain an effective relationship with the insect host. Understanding the pathogen-vector relationship at the molecular level will help in the management of vector-borne bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Chun-Yi Lin
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
| | - Jacobo Robledo Buritica
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Amit Levy
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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22
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Greenwood KN, King CL, Melena I, Stegemann KA, Donnelly M, Childers A, Mozal R, Collins CA, Spears BJ. The brassinosteroid-responsive protein OCTOPUS is a novel regulator of Arabidopsis thaliana immune signaling. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e524. [PMID: 37638229 PMCID: PMC10448135 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Phloem is a critical tissue for transport of photosynthates and extracellular signals in vascular plants. However, it also represents an ideal environment for pathogens seeking access to valuable host nutrients. Although many vascular pathogens induce economically relevant crop damage, there is still little known about the mechanisms by which immune signaling operates through the phloem. An existing phosphoproteomic dataset was mined to identify proteins that were both phosphorylated in response to the defense-elicitor flagellin (flg22) and expressed in vascular cells. A single candidate, OCTOPUS (OPS), is polarly associated with the plasma membrane of sieve element cells and has been characterized as an inhibitor of brassinosteroid insensitive-2 in promotion of brassinosteroid-related phytohormone signaling. The observation that OPS is differentially phosphorylated in response to flg22 led us to the examine whether OPS may also regulate flg22-induced immune signaling. Two independent alleles of ops exhibited enhanced immunity outputs across multiple signaling branches of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), constitutively and in response to flg22 treatment. Together with our observation that interactions between OPS and brassinosteroid insensitive-2 were disrupted by induction of salicylic acid and depletion of brassinosteriod, these data support a model whereby OPS modulates brassinolide and immune signaling to control downstream responses. We present OPS as a novel addition to the list of proteins with documented roles in PAMP-PTI signaling. These results further indicate that immune signaling in the phloem may be a significant and unique component of the host detection and response to pathogens in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn N. Greenwood
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsDrury UniversitySpringfieldMissouriUSA
- Present address:
DaVita DialysisOverland ParkKansasUSA
| | - Courtney L. King
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsDrury UniversitySpringfieldMissouriUSA
- Present address:
Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendIndianaUSA
| | - Isabella Melena
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsDrury UniversitySpringfieldMissouriUSA
- Present address:
School of MedicineWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Katherine A. Stegemann
- Department of BiologyMarian UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Present address:
Krannert School of Physical TherapyUniversity of IndianapolisIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Maura Donnelly
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesButler UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Anna Childers
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesButler UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Raegan Mozal
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesButler UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Carina A. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsDrury UniversitySpringfieldMissouriUSA
- Department of BiologyMarian UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Present address:
Eli Lilly and CompanyLilly Corporate CenterIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Benjamin J. Spears
- Present address:
Department of Biological SciencesButler UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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23
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Lee M, Wang L, Yue GH. Transcriptomic Responses of Salvia hispanica to the Infestation of Red Spider Mites ( Tetranychus neocaledonicus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12261. [PMID: 37569636 PMCID: PMC10418447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia hispanica (chia) is a highly nutritious food source and has gained popularity due to its high omega-3 fatty acid content. Red spider mites are a serious problem in the production of S. hispanica. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the defensive response to the infestation of red spider mites in S. hispanica. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the defensive response of S. hispanica to red spider mites, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of S. hispanica when infested by red spider mites. In the comparative assessment of leaf transcriptomes, a total of 1743 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and mite-infested S. hispanica. From these, 1208 (69%) transcripts were upregulated and 535 (31%) were downregulated. The DEGs included transcription factors, defense hormones, and secondary metabolites that were either suppressed or activated in response to spider mite herbivory. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that plant secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates, and signaling pathways, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, may play an important role in the defense against red spider mites. This study provides novel insights into the defense response of S. hispanica to insect herbivory and could be a resource for the improvement of pest resistance in the chia.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore (L.W.)
| | - Le Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore (L.W.)
| | - Gen Hua Yue
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore (L.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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24
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Guo J, Wang H, Guan W, Guo Q, Wang J, Yang J, Peng Y, Shan J, Gao M, Shi S, Shangguan X, Liu B, Jing S, Zhang J, Xu C, Huang J, Rao W, Zheng X, Wu D, Zhou C, Du B, Chen R, Zhu L, Zhu Y, Walling LL, Zhang Q, He G. A tripartite rheostat controls self-regulated host plant resistance to insects. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06197-z. [PMID: 37316670 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants deploy receptor-like kinases and nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors to confer host plant resistance (HPR) to herbivores1. These gene-for-gene interactions between insects and their hosts have been proposed for more than 50 years2. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie HPR have been elusive, as the identity and sensing mechanisms of insect avirulence effectors have remained unknown. Here we identify an insect salivary protein perceived by a plant immune receptor. The BPH14-interacting salivary protein (BISP) from the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is secreted into rice (Oryza sativa) during feeding. In susceptible plants, BISP targets O. satvia RLCK185 (OsRLCK185; hereafter Os is used to denote O. satvia-related proteins or genes) to suppress basal defences. In resistant plants, the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor BPH14 directly binds BISP to activate HPR. Constitutive activation of Bph14-mediated immunity is detrimental to plant growth and productivity. The fine-tuning of Bph14-mediated HPR is achieved through direct binding of BISP and BPH14 to the selective autophagy cargo receptor OsNBR1, which delivers BISP to OsATG8 for degradation. Autophagy therefore controls BISP levels. In Bph14 plants, autophagy restores cellular homeostasis by downregulating HPR when feeding by brown planthoppers ceases. We identify an insect saliva protein sensed by a plant immune receptor and discover a three-way interaction system that offers opportunities for developing high-yield, insect-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinxin Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingfang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengli Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linda L Walling
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Qifa Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
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25
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Aidlin Harari O, Dekel A, Wintraube D, Vainer Y, Mozes-Koch R, Yakir E, Malka O, Morin S, Bohbot JD. A sucrose-specific receptor in Bemisia tabaci and its putative role in phloem feeding. iScience 2023; 26:106752. [PMID: 37234092 PMCID: PMC10206433 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In insects, specialized feeding on the phloem sap (containing mainly the sugar sucrose) has evolved only in some hemipteran lineages. This feeding behavior requires an ability to locate feeding sites buried deeply within the plant tissue. To determine the molecular mechanism involved, we hypothesized that the phloem-feeding whitefly Bemisia tabaci relies on gustatory receptor (GR)-mediated sugar sensing. We first conducted choice assays, which indicated that B. tabaci adults consistently choose diets containing higher sucrose concentrations. Next, we identified four GR genes in the B. tabaci genome. One of them, BtabGR1, displayed significant sucrose specificity when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Silencing of BtabGR1 significantly interfered with the ability of B. tabaci adults to discriminate between non-phloem and phloem concentrations of sucrose. These findings suggest that in phloem feeders, sugar sensing by sugar receptors might allow tracking an increasing gradient of sucrose concentrations in the leaf, leading eventually to the location of the feeding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Aidlin Harari
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amir Dekel
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dor Wintraube
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yuri Vainer
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rita Mozes-Koch
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Esther Yakir
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Osnat Malka
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shai Morin
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jonathan D. Bohbot
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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26
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Lu M, Wen T, Guo M, Li Q, Peng X, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang C. Regulation of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Levels after the Development of Phallus rubrovolvatus Rot Disease Due to Trichoderma koningii Mycoparasitism. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050525. [PMID: 37233236 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phallus rubrovolvatus is a unique mushroom used for medicinal and dietary purposes in China. In recent years, however, the rot disease of P. rubrovolvatus has seriously affected its yield and quality, becoming an economically important threat. In this study, samples of symptomatic tissues were collected, isolated, and identified from five major P. rubrovolvatus production regions in Guizhou Province, China. Based on combined analyses of phylogenies (ITS and EF1-α), morphological characteristics and Koch's postulates, Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma koningii were identified as the pathogenic fungal species. Among these, T. koningii exhibited stronger pathogenicity than the other strains; thus, T. koningii was used as the test strain in the follow-up experiments. Upon co-culturing T. koningii with P. rubrovolvatus, the hyphae of the two species were intertwined, and the color of the P. rubrovolvatus hyphae changed from white to red. Moreover, T. koningii hyphae were wrapped around P. rubrovolvatus hyphae, leading to their shortening and convolution and ultimately inhibiting their growth due to wrinkling; T. koningii penetrated the entire basidiocarp tissue of P. rubrovolvatus, causing serious damage to the host basidiocarp cells. Further analyses revealed that T. koningii infection resulted in the swelling of basidiocarps and significantly enhanced the activity of defense-related enzymes, such as malondialdehyde, manganese peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. These findings offer theoretical support for further research on the infection mechanisms of pathogenic fungi and the prevention of diseases caused by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tingchi Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Guo
- Guizhou Jinchandashan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nayong 553300, China
| | - Qihua Li
- Guizhou Jinsun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhijin 552100, China
| | - Xingcan Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhenghua Lu
- The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Jinsun Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhijin 552100, China
| | - Jian Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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27
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Planthopper salivary sheath protein LsSP1 contributes to manipulation of rice plant defenses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:737. [PMID: 36759625 PMCID: PMC9911632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary elicitors secreted by herbivorous insects can be perceived by host plants to trigger plant immunity. However, how insects secrete other salivary components to subsequently attenuate the elicitor-induced plant immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we study the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus salivary sheath protein LsSP1. Using Y2H, BiFC and LUC assays, we show that LsSP1 is secreted into host plants and binds to salivary sheath via mucin-like protein (LsMLP). Rice plants pre-infested with dsLsSP1-treated L. striatellus are less attractive to L. striatellus nymphs than those pre-infected with dsGFP-treated controls. Transgenic rice plants with LsSP1 overexpression rescue the insect feeding defects caused by a deficiency of LsSP1 secretion, consistent with the potential role of LsSP1 in manipulating plant defenses. Our results illustrate the importance of salivary sheath proteins in mediating the interactions between plants and herbivorous insects.
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28
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Musetti R, Pagliari L, Mian G, De Oliveira Cantao FR, Bernardini C, Santi S, van Bel AJE. The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1030414. [PMID: 36819061 PMCID: PMC9932721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) is of paramount importance for adaptive responses to biotic stresses due to an increased demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signaling components. In nucleate cells, disturbance of r-ER integrity and functionality leads to the "unfolded protein response" (UPR), which is an important component of innate plant immune signalling. In contrast to an abundance of reports on r-ER responses to biotic challenges, sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum (SE-ER) responses to phytoplasma infection have not been investigated. We found that morphological SE-ER changes, associated with phytoplasma infection, are accompanied by differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in shaping and anchoring the reticulum. Phytoplasma infection also triggers an increased release of bZIP signals from the (SE-ER)/r-ER and consequent differential expression of UPR-related genes. The modified expression patterns seem to reflect a trade-off between survival of host cells, needed for the phytoplasmic biotrophic lifestyle, and phytoplasmas. Specialized plasmodesmata between sieve element and companion cell may provide a corridor for transfer of phytoplasma effectors inducing UPR-related gene expression in companion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Musetti
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), Università di Padova, via dell' Università, Legnaro, Italy,*Correspondence: Rita Musetti,
| | - Laura Pagliari
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mian
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, Italy
| | - Fernando R. De Oliveira Cantao
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, Italy
| | - Simonetta Santi
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, via delle Scienze, Udine, Italy
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Peng T, Yuan Y, Huang A, He J, Fu S, Duan S, Yi L, Yuan C, Yuan H, Wang X, Zhou C. Interaction between the flagellum of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and the vitellogenin-like protein of Diaphorina citri significantly influences CLas titer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119619. [PMID: 37143541 PMCID: PMC10152367 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a global devastating citrus disease that is mainly caused by "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" (CLas). It is mostly transmitted by the insect Asian citrus psyllid (ACP, Diaphorina citri) in a persistent and proliferative manner. CLas traverses multiple barriers to complete an infection cycle and is likely involved in multiple interactions with D. citri. However, the protein-protein interactions between CLas and D. citri are largely unknown. Here, we report on a vitellogenin-like protein (Vg_VWD) in D. citri that interacts with a CLas flagellum (flaA) protein. We found that Vg_VWD was upregulated in CLas-infected D. citri. Silencing of Vg_VWD in D. citri via RNAi silencing significantly increased the CLas titer, suggesting that Vg_VWD plays an important role in the CLas-D. citri interaction. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assays indicated that Vg_VWD inhibits BAX- and INF1-triggered necrosis and suppresses the callose deposition induced by flaA in Nicotiana benthamiana. These findings provide new insights into the molecular interaction between CLas and D. citri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Peng
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzhe Yuan
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aijun Huang
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shimin Fu
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Duan
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Long Yi
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huizhu Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Huizhu Yuan, ; Xuefeng Wang, ; Changyong Zhou,
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huizhu Yuan, ; Xuefeng Wang, ; Changyong Zhou,
| | - Changyong Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Huizhu Yuan, ; Xuefeng Wang, ; Changyong Zhou,
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Jasrotia P, Sharma S, Nagpal M, Kamboj D, Kashyap PL, Kumar S, Mishra CN, Kumar S, Singh GP. Comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat in response to corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis F. infestation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989365. [PMID: 36507434 PMCID: PMC9730506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are one of the most important insect pests of wheat crop in all wheat growing regions of the world. Amongst various aphid species, the corn leaf aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis F.) is considered one of the most destructive insect pests of wheat in the North Western Plains region of India. Transcriptome profiling of highly susceptible wheat Triticum durum genotype, A-9-30-1 and tolerant wheat Triticum aestivum genotype, HD2967 was performed to investigate aphid-host interactions. The results obtained from differential gene expression analysis of R. maidis on the highly susceptible genotype, A-9-30-1 plants, when compared with the tolerant genotype, HD2967, showed that 212 genes were significantly upregulated and 1009 genes were significantly downregulated. Our findings demonstrated that the genes associated with defense were significantly higher in response to R. maidis on HD2967 as compared to A-9-30-1. Additionally, various genes with physiological attributes were expressed during aphid attack. Based on gene ontology classification, three classifications, such as, cellular components (CC), molecular function (MF), and biological processes (BP) of sequences were identified. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that twenty-five pathway genes were differentially expressed during the infestation of wheat with R. maidis. Notable changes were observed in A-9-30-1 and HD2967 transcriptomic profiling after infestation. The results obtained in the present study will help to elucidate the mechanism governing host-pest interaction and may lead to the development of new methods for increasing the resistance level of wheat against R. maidis, including over-expression of defense-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Jasrotia
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Samriti Sharma
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mohini Nagpal
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Disha Kamboj
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Prem Lal Kashyap
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Chandra Nath Mishra
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gyanendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR- Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Mantzoukas S, Daskalaki E, Kitsiou F, Papantzikos V, Servis D, Bitivanos S, Patakioutas G, Eliopoulos PA. Dual Action of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales; Cordycipitaceae) Endophytic Stains as Biocontrol Agents against Sucking Pests and Plant Growth Biostimulants on Melon and Strawberry Field Plants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2306. [PMID: 36422376 PMCID: PMC9692842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) can colonize plant tissues and serve crops not only as biopesticides but also as biostimulants that promote plant growth and trigger defense mechanisms. In this context, field trials were conducted evaluating two commercial strains of the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), GHA (Botanigard) and PPRI 5339 (Velifer® ES) and a wild strain (AP0101) isolated from Achaia, Greece. The three strains were investigated in the field for their endophytic effects on melon Cucumis melo (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) and strawberry Fragaria sp. (Rosales: Rosaceae) plants and in particular for their ability to colonize plant tissues, control infestations of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), and improve plant growth parameters (plant height, number of flowers and fruits). All experimental fungal strains successfully colonized both plants. A significant decrease in the aphid and thrip populations was observed in the treated plants compared to the untreated control. As for plant growth, the number of flowers and fruits was significantly increased in plants treated with B. bassiana strains AP0101 and PPRI 5339. Our results clearly indicate that fungal endophytes can efficiently act as dual action agents demonstrating both insecticidal and growth-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiridon Mantzoukas
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eufrosini Daskalaki
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Foteini Kitsiou
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Vasileios Papantzikos
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | - George Patakioutas
- Department of Agriculture, Arta Campus, University of Ioannina, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Health Management, Department of Agrotechnology, University of Thessaly, Geopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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32
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Li F, Di Z, Tian J, Dewer Y, Qu C, Yang S, Luo C. Silencing the gustatory receptor BtGR11 affects the sensing of sucrose in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1054943. [PMID: 36452214 PMCID: PMC9702514 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1054943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is powerful biotechnology for studying the in vivo functions of key genes. Based on this property, RNAi can also be used for pest control as an effective alternative to chemical pesticides. The management of phloem-sucking pests is a tricky issue in current agricultural and forestry pest control. RNAi can silence key chemoreceptor genes of phloem-sucking pests; thereby regulating the behavior of these pests can be manipulated. So, it is considered to be a promising new type of ecological pest management strategy. In this study, we identified a candidate taste receptor gene, BtGR11, that controls the taste sensitivity to sucrose in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, which is a serious invasive phloem-sucking pest worldwide. Functional analyses using the Xenopus oocyte expression system and the two-electrode voltage-clamp system revealed that the oocytes expressing BtGR11 responded to sucrose. Furthermore, we found that silencing BtGR11 by RNAi inhibited the function of sensing sucrose in the whitefly. This study reports a key chemoreceptor gene that can be used for the understanding of the gustatory sensing mechanisms of whitefly to deterrent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjuan Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiahui Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Cheng Qu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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33
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Lu K, Chen X, Yao X, An Y, Wang X, Qin L, Li X, Wang Z, Liu S, Sun Z, Zhang L, Chen L, Li B, Liu B, Wang W, Ding X, Yang Y, Zhang M, Zou S, Dong H. Phosphorylation of a wheat aquaporin at two sites enhances both plant growth and defense. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1772-1789. [PMID: 36207815 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic aquaporins share the characteristic of functional multiplicity in transporting distinct substrates and regulating various processes, but the underlying molecular basis for this is largely unknown. Here, we report that the wheat (Triticum aestivum) aquaporin TaPIP2;10 undergoes phosphorylation to promote photosynthesis and productivity and to confer innate immunity against pathogens and a generalist aphid pest. In response to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations, TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at the serine residue S280 and thereafter transports CO2 into wheat cells, resulting in enhanced photosynthesis and increased grain yield. In response to apoplastic H2O2 induced by pathogen or insect attacks, TaPIP2;10 is phosphorylated at S121 and this phosphorylated form transports H2O2 into the cytoplasm, where H2O2 intensifies host defenses, restricting further attacks. Wheat resistance and grain yield could be simultaneously increased by TaPIP2;10 overexpression or by expressing a TaPIP2;10 phosphomimic with aspartic acid substitutions at S121 and S280, thereby improving both crop productivity and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Yao
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lina Qin
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zuodong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Zhimao Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Baoyan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection & Resource and Environment, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Baoyou Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection & Resource and Environment, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265599, China
| | - Weiyang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meixiang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710019, China.
| | - Shenshen Zou
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Hansong Dong
- College of Plant Protection, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Qilu College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China.
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Singh DP, Bisen MS, Shukla R, Prabha R, Maurya S, Reddy YS, Singh PM, Rai N, Chaubey T, Chaturvedi KK, Srivastava S, Farooqi MS, Gupta VK, Sarma BK, Rai A, Behera TK. Metabolomics-Driven Mining of Metabolite Resources: Applications and Prospects for Improving Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012062. [PMID: 36292920 PMCID: PMC9603451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable crops possess a prominent nutri-metabolite pool that not only contributes to the crop performance in the fields, but also offers nutritional security for humans. In the pursuit of identifying, quantifying and functionally characterizing the cellular metabolome pool, biomolecule separation technologies, data acquisition platforms, chemical libraries, bioinformatics tools, databases and visualization techniques have come to play significant role. High-throughput metabolomics unravels structurally diverse nutrition-rich metabolites and their entangled interactions in vegetable plants. It has helped to link identified phytometabolites with unique phenotypic traits, nutri-functional characters, defense mechanisms and crop productivity. In this study, we explore mining diverse metabolites, localizing cellular metabolic pathways, classifying functional biomolecules and establishing linkages between metabolic fluxes and genomic regulations, using comprehensive metabolomics deciphers of the plant’s performance in the environment. We discuss exemplary reports covering the implications of metabolomics, addressing metabolic changes in vegetable plants during crop domestication, stage-dependent growth, fruit development, nutri-metabolic capabilities, climatic impacts, plant-microbe-pest interactions and anthropogenic activities. Efforts leading to identify biomarker metabolites, candidate proteins and the genes responsible for plant health, defense mechanisms and nutri-rich crop produce are documented. With the insights on metabolite-QTL (mQTL) driven genetic architecture, molecular breeding in vegetable crops can be revolutionized for developing better nutritional capabilities, improved tolerance against diseases/pests and enhanced climate resilience in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjaya Pratap Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Mansi Singh Bisen
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Renu Shukla
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhawan, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ratna Prabha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudarshan Maurya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Yesaru S. Reddy
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Prabhakar Mohan Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Nagendra Rai
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tribhuwan Chaubey
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Mohammad Samir Farooqi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland’s Rural College, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Birinchi K. Sarma
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Jakhini, Shahanshahpur, Varanasi 221305, India
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35
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Swamy MJ, Bobbili KB, Mondal S, Narahari A, Datta D. Cucurbitaceae phloem exudate lectins: Purification, molecular characterization and carbohydrate binding characteristics. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 201:113251. [PMID: 35644485 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Much of the plant lectin research was focused on these proteins from seeds, whereas lectins from other plant tissues have been less investigated. Although presence of lectins in the phloem exudate of Cucurbitaceae species was reported over 40 years ago, only a few proteins from this family have been purified and characterized with respect to ligand binding properties, primary and secondary structures, while no 3D structure of a member of this family is known so far. Unlike lectins from other plant families and sources (e.g., seeds and tubers), which exhibit specificity towards different carbohydrate structures, all the Cucurbitaceae phloem exudate lectins characterized so far have been shown to recognize only chitooligosaccharides or glycans containing chitooligosaccharides. Interestingly, some of these proteins also bind various types of RNAs, suggesting that they may also play a role in the transport of RNA information molecules in the phloem. The present review gives an overview of the current knowledge of Cucurbitaceae phloem exudate lectins with regard to their purification, determination of primary and secondary structures, elucidation of thermodynamics and kinetics of carbohydrate binding and computational modeling to get information on their 3D structures. Finally, future perspectives of research on this important class of proteins are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musti J Swamy
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | | | - Saradamoni Mondal
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Debparna Datta
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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36
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Abstract
Although the phloem is a highly specialized tissue, certain pathogens, including phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, and viruses, have evolved to access and live in this sequestered and protected environment, causing substantial economic harm. In particular, Candidatus Liberibacter spp. are devastating citrus in many parts of the world. Given that most phloem pathogens are vectored, they are not exposed to applied chemicals and are therefore difficult to control. Furthermore, pathogens use the phloem network to escape mounted defenses. Our review summarizes the current knowledge of phloem anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry relevant to phloem/pathogen interactions. We focus on aspects of anatomy specific to pathogen movement, including sieve plate structure and phloem-specific proteins. Phloem sampling techniques are discussed. Finally, pathogens that cause particular harm to the phloem of crop species are considered in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Lewis
- Plant Gene Expression Center, USDA-ARS, Albany, California, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michael Knoblauch
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Turgeon
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA;
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37
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Zheng S, Chen R, Wang L, Pan S, Liu W, Zhu X, Gao X, Luo J, Cui J. Effect of Metabolic Changes in Aphis gossypii-Damaged Cotton Plants on Oviposition Preference and Larval Development of Subsequent Helicoverpa armigera. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9584-9595. [PMID: 35861328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aphis gossypii and Helicoverpa armigera are two important agricultural pests in cotton plants. However, whether early colonization of A. gossypii affects subsequent H. armigera is unknown. We implemented ecological experiments to reveal that A. gossypii-damaged cotton plants [Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and non-Bt] had a significant avoidance effect on the oviposition preference of H. armigera adults. However, A. gossypii-damaged cotton plants (non-Bt) increased the weight and pupation rate and reduced the mortality of H. armigera larvae. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that 13 and 9 genes were significantly upregulated to be involved in salicylic acid (SA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, and SA and IAA contents were significantly increased, respectively. However, 15 genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis were significantly downregulated as a result of the antagonism of SA and JA. Moreover, there was significant upregulation in multiple genes involved in the biosynthesis of l-histidine, fructose, maltotetraose, melezitose, lecithin, stearidonic acid, and mannitol, in which metabolites were confirmed to promote the growth and development of H. armigera. Our study is a reference for investigating the evolutionary relationships and provides insights into implementing effective insect biocontrol between H. armigera and A. gossypii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaichao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, People's Republic of China
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Dong Y, Wu M, Zhang Q, Fu J, Loiacono FV, Yang Y, Wang Z, Li S, Chang L, Bock R, Zhang J. Control of a sap-sucking insect pest by plastid-mediated RNA interference. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1176-1191. [PMID: 35619559 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Expression of double-stranded RNAs in plastids offers great potential for the efficient control of chewing insects. However, many insect pests do not consume plant tissue but rather feed on the host plant by sucking sap from the vascular system. Whether or not plastid-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) can be employed to control sap-sucking insects is unknown. Here, we show that five species of sap-sucking hemipteran insects acquire plastid RNA upon feeding on plants. We generated both nuclear transgenic and transplastomic tobacco plants expressing double-stranded RNAs targeting the MpDhc64C gene, a newly identified efficient target gene of RNAi whose silencing causes lethality to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae. In a whole-plant bioassay, transplastomic plants exhibited significant resistance to aphids, as evidenced by reduced insect survival, impaired fecundity, and decreased weight of survivors. The protective effect was comparable with that conferred by the best-performing nuclear transgenic plants. We found that the proportion of aphids on mature leaves of transplastomic plants was significantly lower compared with that of nuclear transgenic plants. When aphids were allowed to infest only the mature leaves, transplastomic plants grew significantly faster and were overall better protected from the pest compared with nuclear transgenic plants. When monitored by electrical-penetration-graph analyses and aphid avoidance response experiments, the insects displayed remarkable alterations in feeding behavior, which was different in nuclear transgenic and transplastomic plants, likely reflecting specific avoidance strategies to toxic RNA molecules. Taken together, our study demonstrates that plastid-mediated RNAi provides an efficient strategy for controlling at least some sap-sucking insect pests, even though there is most likely no or only very little chloroplast RNA in the sap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mengting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinqiu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - F Vanessa Loiacono
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zican Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ling Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Zhao M, Lin X, Guo X. The Role of Insect Symbiotic Bacteria in Metabolizing Phytochemicals and Agrochemicals. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070583. [PMID: 35886759 PMCID: PMC9319143 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary To counter plant chemical defenses and exposure to agrochemicals, herbivorous insects have developed several adaptive strategies to guard against the ingested detrimental substances, including enhancing detoxifying enzyme activities, avoidance behavior, amino acid mutation of target sites, and lower penetration through a thicker cuticle. Insect microbiota play important roles in many aspects of insect biology and physiology. To better understand the role of insect symbiotic bacteria in metabolizing these detrimental substances, we summarize the research progress on the function of insect bacteria in metabolizing phytochemicals and agrochemicals, and describe their future potential application in pest management and protection of beneficial insects. Abstract The diversity and high adaptability of insects are heavily associated with their symbiotic microbes, which include bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and archaea. These microbes play important roles in many aspects of the biology and physiology of insects, such as helping the host insects with food digestion, nutrition absorption, strengthening immunity and confronting plant defenses. To maintain normal development and population reproduction, herbivorous insects have developed strategies to detoxify the substances to which they may be exposed in the living habitat, such as the detoxifying enzymes carboxylesterase, glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s). Additionally, insect symbiotic bacteria can act as an important factor to modulate the adaptability of insects to the exposed detrimental substances. This review summarizes the current research progress on the role of insect symbiotic bacteria in metabolizing phytochemicals and agrochemicals (insecticides and herbicides). Given the importance of insect microbiota, more functional symbiotic bacteria that modulate the adaptability of insects to the detrimental substances to which they are exposed should be identified, and the underlying mechanisms should also be further studied, facilitating the development of microbial-resource-based pest control approaches or protective methods for beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianru Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-63558170
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Zuo R, Xie M, Gao F, Sumbal W, Cheng X, Liu Y, Bai Z, Liu S. The Characterization of the Phloem Protein 2 Gene Family Associated with Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3934. [PMID: 35409295 PMCID: PMC8999561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, phloem is not only a vital structure that is used for nutrient transportation, but it is also the location of a response that defends against various stresses, named phloem-based defense (PBD). Phloem proteins (PP2s) are among the predominant proteins in phloem, indicating their potential functional role in PBD. Sclerotinia disease (SD), which is caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen S. sclerotiorum (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), is a devastating disease that affects oil crops, especially Brassica napus (B. napus), mainly by blocking nutrition and water transportation through xylem and phloem. Presently, the role of PP2s in SD resistance is still largely estimated. Therefore, in this study, we identified 62 members of the PP2 gene family in the B. napus genome with an uneven distribution across the 19 chromosomes. A phylogenetic analysis classified the BnPP2s into four clusters (I-IV), with cluster I containing the most members (28 genes) as a consequence of its frequent genome segmental duplication. A comparison of the gene structures and conserved motifs suggested that BnPP2 genes were well conserved in clusters II to IV, but were variable in cluster I. Interestingly, the motifs in different clusters displayed unique features, such as motif 6 specifically existing in cluster III and motif 1 being excluded from cluster IV. These results indicated the possible functional specification of BnPP2s. A transcriptome data analysis showed that the genes in clusters II to IV exhibited dynamic expression alternation in tissues and the stimulation of S. sclerotiorum, suggesting that they could participate in SD resistance. A GWAS analysis of a rapeseed population comprising 324 accessions identified four BnPP2 genes that were potentially responsible for SD resistance and a transgenic study that was conducted by transiently expressing BnPP2-6 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves validated their positive role in regulating SD resistance in terms of reduced lesion size after inoculation with S. sclerotiorum hyphal plugs. This study provides useful information on PP2 gene functions in B. napus and could aid elaborated functional studies on the PP2 gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zetao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China; (R.Z.); (M.X.); (F.G.); (W.S.); (X.C.); (Y.L.); (S.L.)
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Yang H, Zhang X, Li H, Ye Y, Li Z, Han X, Hu Y, Zhang C, Jiang Y. Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein Cognate 3 of Brown Planthopper Is Required for Survival and Suppresses Immune Response in Plants. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030299. [PMID: 35323596 PMCID: PMC8949815 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a monophagous pest of rice (Oryza sativa), which threatens food security around the world. Insect Heat shock proteins 70 kDa (Hsp70s) play a key role in insect growth and development, however, if they also modulate the plant physiological processes is still unclear. In this study, we identified the Heat shock 70 kDa protein cognate 3 (NlHSC70-3) of BPH from compared protein profiles of Nipponbare tissues after BPH infestation via LC/MS. NlHSC70-3 has a predicted signal peptide and displays high transcription levels in the salivary glands, which further supported that it is secreted into plants by BPH during the feeding process. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we showed that NlHSC70-3 is indispensable for the survival of BPH on rice. Most importantly, NlHSC70-3 mediates the plant immune responses including cell death, flg22-induced ROS burst and defense-related gene expression in N. benthamiana. These results demonstrate that NlHSC70-3 may function as an effector manipulating plant physiological processes to facilitate pest survival on rice, which provides a new potential target for future pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hanjing Li
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.H.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.H.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Yanru Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.H.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
| | - Chuanxi Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yanjuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; (H.Y.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (Y.H.)
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.J.)
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Lin H, Wang M, Chen Y, Nomura K, Hui S, Gui J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Liu J, Li Q, Deng Y, Li L, Yuan M, Wang S, He SY, He Z. An MKP-MAPK protein phosphorylation cascade controls vascular immunity in plants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabg8723. [PMID: 35263144 PMCID: PMC8906744 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg8723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Global crop production is greatly reduced by vascular diseases. These diseases include bacterial blight of rice and crucifer black rot caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). The molecular mechanisms that activate vascular defense against such pathogens remains underexplored. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP1) mutant has increased host susceptibility to the adapted pathogen Xcc and is compromised in nonhost resistance to the rice pathogen Xoo. MKP1 regulates MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factor MYB4 that negatively regulates vascular lignification through inhibiting lignin biosynthesis. Induction of lignin biosynthesis is, therefore, an important part of vascular-specific immunity. The role of MKP-MAPK-MYB signaling in lignin biosynthesis and vascular resistance to Xoo is conserved in rice, indicating that these factors form a tissue-specific defense regulatory network. Our study likely reveals a major vascular immune mechanism that underlies tissue-specific disease resistance against bacterial pathogens in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Muyang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kinya Nomura
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shugang Hui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiawei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zuhua He
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Corresponding author.
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A leafhopper saliva protein mediates horizontal transmission of viral pathogens from insect vectors into rice phloem. Commun Biol 2022; 5:204. [PMID: 35246603 PMCID: PMC8897447 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous insects transmit viruses together with saliva to plant phloem, but the roles of saliva components remain elusive. Here, we report that calcium-binding protein (CBP), a universal insect saliva protein, is modified to benefit horizontal transmission of a devastating rice reovirus into plant phloem. CBP effectively competes with virus-induced filaments to target and traverse actin-based apical plasmalemma into saliva-stored cavities in salivary glands of leafhopper vector. Thus, the inhibition of CBP expression by viral infection facilitates filament-mediated viral secretion into salivary cavities and then into plant phloem. Furthermore, virus-mediated reduction of CBP secretion causes an increase of cytosolic Ca2+ levels in rice, triggering substantial callose deposition and H2O2 production. Thus, viruliferous vectors encounter stronger feeding barriers, probe more frequently, and secrete more saliva into plants, ultimately enhancing viral transmission. We thus conclude that the inhibition of CBP secretion facilitates viral secretion and increases host defense response to benefit viral transmission. CBP, a calcium binding protein found in insect saliva, allows for the transmission of the devastating rice gall dwarf virus into plant phloem. This interaction with CBP is compounded by stronger feeding barriers, more frequent probing behavior, and increased saliva secretion into plants by insect vectors, all increasing the likelihood of viral transmission.
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Salivary protein 7 of the brown planthopper functions as an effector for mediating tricin metabolism in rice plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3205. [PMID: 35217680 PMCID: PMC8881502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is an important pest that affects rice (Oryza sativa) production in Asia. The flavone tricin (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxy flavone) is a valuable secondary metabolite commonly found in rice plants that can defend rice plants against infestation by BPH. BPH damage can reduce the metabolic level of tricin in rice. Our preliminary transcriptome research results showed that BPH salivary protein 7 (NlSP7), is highly responsive to tricin stimuli. However, the function of NlSP7 in mediating the interaction between the rice plant and the BPH is unknown. In this study, we cloned the NlSP7 gene in N. lugens and found that its mRNA level was greater in the presence of high tricin content than low tricin content, regardless of whether the BPHs were fed a rice plant diet or an artificial diet containing 100 mg/L tricin. Knocking down NlSP7 resulted in BPH individuals spending more time in the non-penetration and pathway phase, and less time feeding on the phloem of rice plants. These changes decreased BPH food intake, feeding behavior, and fitness, as well as the tricin content of the rice plants. These findings demonstrate that the salivary protein 7 of BPH functions as an effector for tricin metabolism in rice.
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Muleta KT, Felderhoff T, Winans N, Walstead R, Charles JR, Armstrong JS, Mamidi S, Plott C, Vogel JP, Lemaux PG, Mockler TC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Pressoir G, Morris GP. The recent evolutionary rescue of a staple crop depended on over half a century of global germplasm exchange. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj4633. [PMID: 35138897 PMCID: PMC8827733 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid environmental change can lead to population extinction or evolutionary rescue. The global staple crop sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) has recently been threatened by a global outbreak of an aggressive new biotype of sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari). We characterized genomic signatures of adaptation in a Haitian breeding population that had rapidly adapted to SCA infestation, conducting evolutionary population genomics analyses on 296 Haitian lines versus 767 global accessions. Genome scans and geographic analyses suggest that SCA adaptation has been conferred by a globally rare East African allele of RMES1, which spread to breeding programs in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. De novo genome sequencing revealed potential causative variants at RMES1. Markers developed from the RMES1 sweep predicted resistance in eight independent commercial and public breeding programs. These findings demonstrate the value of evolutionary genomics to develop adaptive trait technology and highlight the benefits of global germplasm exchange to facilitate evolutionary rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebede T. Muleta
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Terry Felderhoff
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Noah Winans
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Rachel Walstead
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jean Rigaud Charles
- Chibas and Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Quisqueya University, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - J. Scott Armstrong
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit, 1301 North Western Rd., Stillwater, OK 74075, USA
| | - Sujan Mamidi
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Chris Plott
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - John P. Vogel
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peggy G. Lemaux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Todd C. Mockler
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gael Pressoir
- Chibas and Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Quisqueya University, Port-au-Prince, Haiti
| | - Geoffrey P. Morris
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Azizpor P, Sullivan L, Lim A, Groover A. Facile Labeling of Sieve Element Phloem-Protein Bodies Using the Reciprocal Oligosaccharide Probe OGA 488. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:809923. [PMID: 35222474 PMCID: PMC8867008 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.809923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sieve elements of many angiosperms contain structural phloem proteins (P-proteins) that can interact to create large P-protein bodies. P-protein bodies can occlude sieve plates upon injury but the range of functional and physiological roles of P-proteins remains uncertain, in part because of challenges in labeling and visualization methods. Here, we show that a reciprocal oligosaccharide probe, OGA488, can be used in rapid and sensitive labeling of P-protein bodies in Arabidopsis, poplar, snap bean and cucumber in histological sections. OGA488 labeling of knockouts of the two Arabidopsis P-protein-encoding genes, AtSEOR1 and AtSEOR2, indicated that labeling is specific to AtSEOR2. That protein bodies were labeled and visible in Atseor1 knockouts indicates that heterodimerization of AtSEOR1 and AtSEOR2 may not be necessary for P-protein body formation. Double labeling with a previously characterized stain for P-proteins, sulphorhodamine 101, confirmed P-protein labeling and also higher specificity of OGA488 for P-proteins. OGA488 is thus robust and easily used to label P-proteins in histological sections of multiple angiosperm species.
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Liu X, Strelkov SE, Sun R, Hwang SF, Fredua-Agyeman R, Li F, Zhang S, Li G, Zhang S, Zhang H. Histopathology of the Plasmodiophora brassicae-Chinese Cabbage Interaction in Hosts Carrying Different Sources of Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:783550. [PMID: 35095958 PMCID: PMC8792839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.783550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Clubroot is a serious soil-borne disease of crucifers caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae. The genetic basis and histopathology of clubroot resistance in two Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) inbred lines Bap055 and Bap246, challenged with pathotype 4 of P. brassicae, was evaluated. The Chinese cabbage cultivar "Juxin" served as a susceptible check. The resistance in Bap055 was found to be controlled by the CRa gene, while resistance in Bap246 fit a model of control by unknown recessive gene. Infection of the roots by P. brassicae was examined by inverted microscopy. Despite their resistance, primary and secondary infection were observed to occur in Bap055 and Bap246. Primary infection was detected at 2 days post-inoculation (DPI) in "Juxin," at 4 DPI in Bap055, and at 6 DPI in Bap246. Infection occurred most quickly on "Juxin," with 60% of the root hairs infected at 10 DPI, followed by Bap055 (31% of the root hairs infected at 12 DPI) and Bap246 (20% of the root hairs infected at 14 DPI). Secondary infection of "Juxin" was first observed at 8 DPI, while in Bap055 and Bap246, secondary infection was first observed at 10 DPI. At 14 DPI, the percentage of cortical infection in "Juxin," Bap055 and Bap246 was 93.3, 20.0, and 11.1%, respectively. Although cortical infection was more widespread in Bap055 than in Bap246, secondary infection in both of these hosts was restricted relative to the susceptible check, and the vascular system remained intact. A large number of binucleate secondary plasmodia were observed in "Juxin" and the vascular system was disrupted at 16 DPI; in Bap055 and Bap246, only a few secondary plasmodia were visible, with no binucleate secondary plasmodia. The defense mechanisms and expression of resistance appears to differ between Chinese cabbage cultivars carrying different sources of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitong Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rifei Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheau-Fang Hwang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shifan Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flower, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chen R, Deng Y, Ding Y, Guo J, Qiu J, Wang B, Wang C, Xie Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Chen L, Chu C, He G, He Z, Huang X, Xing Y, Yang S, Xie D, Liu Y, Li J. Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanglin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Changsheng Wang
- National Center for Gene Research, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yongyao Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Letian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuehui Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yongzhong Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- MOE Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yaoguang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Dong Y, Huang X, Yang Y, Li J, Zhang M, Shen H, Ren Y, Li X, Tian J, Shen D, Dou D, Xia A. Characterization of Salivary Secreted Proteins That Induce Cell Death From Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) and Their Roles in Insect-Plant Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912603. [PMID: 35860545 PMCID: PMC9289560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) is a polyphagous hemipteran crop pest that mainly feeds on the leguminous plants, resulting in shriveled and dimpled seeds. With recent several outbreaks in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China, as well as in South Korea and Japan, this species has caused enormous economic losses to soybean crops. In the present study, we found that R. pedestris feeding results in local lesions at the infestation sites. To identify the key effectors that induce plant damage during feeding, the salivary glands of R. pedestris were dissected for transcriptome sequencing, and 200 putative secreted proteins were transiently expressed in N. benthamiana. Among them, three intracellular effectors (RP191, RP246, and RP302) and one apoplastic effector (RP309) were identified as necrosis-inducing proteins (NIPs), which also triggered the reactive oxidative burst. Yeast signal sequence trap and qRT-PCR analysis suggested that these proteins might be secreted into plant tissue during R. pedestris infestation. Pathogenicity assays revealed that RP191, 246, and 302 promote Phytophthora capsici infection or induce Spodoptera litura feeding by inhibiting plant immunity. RP302 is localized to the cytoplasm and nuclei, while RP191 and 246 are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident proteins. RP309 stimulates the expression of PTI marker genes, and its induced cell death depends on co-receptors NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1, indicating that it is a HAMP. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that four NIPs are recently evolved effectors and only conserved in the Pentatomidae. In this study, saliva-secreted proteins were used as the starting point to preliminarily analyze the harm mechanism of R. pedestris, which might provide a new idea and theoretical basis for this species control.
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Rice functional genomics: decades' efforts and roads ahead. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:33-92. [PMID: 34881420 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks. In this review, we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades, including omics, genome-wide association study, phytohormone action, nutrient use, biotic and abiotic responses, photoperiodic flowering, and reproductive development (fertility and sterility). For the roads ahead, cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods, high-throughput phenotyping platforms, precise genome-editing tools, environmental microbiome optimization, and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice, and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications.
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