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Teh MR, Armitage AE, Drakesmith H. Why cells need iron: a compendium of iron utilisation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00109-7. [PMID: 38760200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is globally prevalent, causing an array of developmental, haematological, immunological, neurological, and cardiometabolic impairments, and is associated with symptoms ranging from chronic fatigue to hair loss. Within cells, iron is utilised in a variety of ways by hundreds of different proteins. Here, we review links between molecular activities regulated by iron and the pathophysiological effects of iron deficiency. We identify specific enzyme groups, biochemical pathways, cellular functions, and cell lineages that are particularly iron dependent. We provide examples of how iron deprivation influences multiple key systems and tissues, including immunity, hormone synthesis, and cholesterol metabolism. We propose that greater mechanistic understanding of how cellular iron influences physiological processes may lead to new therapeutic opportunities across a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Teh
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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2
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Yu R, Hang Y, Tsai HI, Wang D, Zhu H. Iron metabolism: backfire of cancer cell stemness and therapeutic modalities. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:157. [PMID: 38704599 PMCID: PMC11070091 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), with their ability of self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and multi-directional differentiation, contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to conventional therapy and immunotherapy. Eliminating CSCs has long been thought to prevent tumorigenesis. Although known to negatively impact tumor prognosis, research revealed the unexpected role of iron metabolism as a key regulator of CSCs. This review explores recent advances in iron metabolism in CSCs, conventional cancer therapies targeting iron biochemistry, therapeutic resistance in these cells, and potential treatment options that could overcome them. These findings provide important insights into therapeutic modalities against intractable cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yinhui Hang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Hsiang-I Tsai
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Dongqing Wang
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Institute of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
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3
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Dunaway LS, Loeb SA, Petrillo S, Tolosano E, Isakson BE. Heme metabolism in nonerythroid cells. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107132. [PMID: 38432636 PMCID: PMC10988061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Heme is an iron-containing prosthetic group necessary for the function of several proteins termed "hemoproteins." Erythrocytes contain most of the body's heme in the form of hemoglobin and contain high concentrations of free heme. In nonerythroid cells, where cytosolic heme concentrations are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower, heme plays an essential and often overlooked role in a variety of cellular processes. Indeed, hemoproteins are found in almost every subcellular compartment and are integral in cellular operations such as oxidative phosphorylation, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotic metabolism, and transcriptional regulation. Growing evidence reveals the participation of heme in dynamic processes such as circadian rhythms, NO signaling, and the modulation of enzyme activity. This dynamic view of heme biology uncovers exciting possibilities as to how hemoproteins may participate in a range of physiologic systems. Here, we discuss how heme is regulated at the level of its synthesis, availability, redox state, transport, and degradation and highlight the implications for cellular function and whole organism physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Skylar A Loeb
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Deptartment Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Howley R, Olsen J, Chen B. Effectiveness of lapatinib for enhancing 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated protoporphyrin IX fluorescence and photodynamic therapy in human cancer cell lines with varied ABCG2 activities. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38477138 DOI: 10.1111/php.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a prodrug for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence-guided tumor surgery. We previously reported that lapatinib, a repurposed ABCG2 inhibitor, enhanced ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence and PDT by blocking ABCG2-mediated PpIX efflux. In the present study, we evaluated how the variation in ABCG2 activities/protein levels affected tumor cell response to the enhancement of PpIX/PDT by lapatinib and Ko143, an ABCG2 tool inhibitor. ABCG2 activities and protein levels were determined in a panel of human cancer cell lines. Effects of lapatinib and Ko143 on enhancing ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT were evaluated and correlated with tumor cell ABCG2 activities. We found that both lapatinib and Ko143 enhanced ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT in a dose-dependent manner, although lapatinib exhibited lower efficacy and potency than Ko143 in nearly all cancer cell lines. The EC50 of ABCG2 inhibitors for enhancing ALA-PpIX and PDT had a positive correlation with tumor cell ABCG2 activities, indicating that tumor cell lines with lower ABCG2 activities were more sensitive to ABCG2 inhibitors for PpIX/PDT enhancement. Our results suggest that, for optimal therapeutic enhancement, the dose of ABCG2 inhibitors needs to be tailored based on the ABCG2 expression/activity in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jordyn Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Abstract
In mammals, hundreds of proteins use iron in a multitude of cellular functions, including vital processes such as mitochondrial respiration, gene regulation and DNA synthesis or repair. Highly orchestrated regulatory systems control cellular and systemic iron fluxes ensuring sufficient iron delivery to target proteins is maintained, while limiting its potentially deleterious effects in iron-mediated oxidative cell damage and ferroptosis. In this Review, we discuss how cells acquire, traffick and export iron and how stored iron is mobilized for iron-sulfur cluster and haem biogenesis. Furthermore, we describe how these cellular processes are fine-tuned by the combination of various sensory and regulatory systems, such as the iron-regulatory protein (IRP)-iron-responsive element (IRE) network, the nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy pathway, the prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) axis or the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) regulatory hub. We further describe how these pathways interact with systemic iron homeostasis control through the hepcidin-ferroportin axis to ensure appropriate iron fluxes. This knowledge is key for the identification of novel therapeutic opportunities to prevent diseases of cellular and/or systemic iron mismanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Galy
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Virus-associated Carcinogenesis (F170), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Muckenthaler
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Wang L, Li W, Li F, Zeng M. Mechanism of Enhancing Chlorophyll Photostability through Light-Induced Chlorophyll/Phycocyanin Aggregation. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:19010-19019. [PMID: 37991348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll (Chl) is the most abundant pigment in photosynthetic plants, but it is prone to degradation during processing and storage, limiting its usage in the food industry. This study developed a technique for increasing Chl photostability by light-induced Chl/phycocyanin (PC) triple synergistic aggregation. Under continuous illumination settings, the results revealed that the Chl retention increased to 406% compared to the control. A model of Chl/PC complexes was constructed using multiligand molecular docking, and the aggregation mechanism was investigated by quantum chemistry, which demonstrated that PC could provide an ideal central hydrophobic cavity for Chl aggregates and thus further enhance the aggregation of Chl on the basis of Chl/PC complexes. The core driver of the improved photostability of Chl is photoexcitation-induced Chl aggregates. This study enriches our understanding of the interaction mechanism between PC and Chl, and we hope that this study can provide broader ideas for the development of natural pigment products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- Sanya Institute of Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266400, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Sanya Institute of Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266400, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Li
- Sanya Institute of Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266400, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- Sanya Institute of Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, People's Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266400, People's Republic of China
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7
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Zhu J, Lei S, Lu J, Hao Y, Qian Q, Devanathan AS, Feng Z, Xie XQ, Wipf P, Ma X. Metabolism-guided development of Ko143 analogs as ABCG2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115666. [PMID: 37482017 PMCID: PMC10529637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), an efflux transporter, is involved in multiple pathological processes. Ko143 is a potent ABCG2 inhibitor; however, it is quickly metabolized through carboxylesterase 1-mediated hydrolysis of its t-butyl ester moiety. The current work aimed to develop more metabolically stable ABCG2 inhibitors. Novel Ko143 analogs were designed and synthesized by replacing the unstable t-butyl ester moiety in Ko143 with an amide group. The synthesized Ko143 analogs were evaluated for their ABCG2 inhibitory activity, binding mode with ABCG2, cytotoxicity, and metabolic stability. We found that the amide modification of Ko143 led to metabolically stable ABCG2 inhibitors. Among these Ko143 analogs, K2 and K34 are promising candidates with favorable oral pharmacokinetic profiles in mice. In summary, we synthesized novel Ko143 analogs with improved metabolic stability, which can potentially be used as lead compounds for the future development of ABCG2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Saifei Lei
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Lu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yixuan Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qi Qian
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron S Devanathan
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Chandratre S, Olsen J, Howley R, Chen B. Targeting ABCG2 transporter to enhance 5-aminolevulinic acid for tumor visualization and photodynamic therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115851. [PMID: 37858868 PMCID: PMC10842008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been approved by the U. S. FDA for fluorescence-guided resection of high-grade glioma and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of superficial skin precancerous and cancerous lesions. As a prodrug, ALA administered orally or topically is metabolized in the heme biosynthesis pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), the active drug with red fluorescence and photosensitizing property. Preferential accumulation of PpIX in tumors after ALA administration enables the use of ALA for PpIX-mediated tumor fluorescence diagnosis and PDT, functioning as a photo-theranostic agent. Extensive research is currently underway to further enhance ALA-mediated PpIX tumor disposition for better tumor visualization and treatment. Particularly, the discovery of PpIX as a specific substrate of ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) opens the door to therapeutic enhancement with ABCG2 inhibitors. Studies with human tumor cell lines and human tumor samples have demonstrated ABCG2 as an important biological determinant of reduced ALA-PpIX tumor accumulation, inhibition of which greatly enhances ALA-PpIX fluorescence and PDT response. These studies strongly support targeting ABCG2 as an effective therapeutic enhancement approach. In this review, we would like to summarize current research of ABCG2 as a drug efflux transporter in multidrug resistance, highlight previous works on targeting ABCG2 for therapeutic enhancement of ALA, and provide future perspectives on how to translate this ABCG2-targeted therapeutic enhancement strategy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharayu Chandratre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordyn Olsen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE The brain is protected from circulating metabolites and xenobiotics by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Previous studies report that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) are expressed apically or subapically at the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), implying a paradoxical function to mediate blood-to-CSF transport of xenobiotics. As evidence of P-gp and Bcrp activity at the BCSFB is limited, the goal of this study is to investigate functional activity of P-gp and Bcrp at the murine BCSFB using a live tissue imaging approach. METHODS The choroid plexuses (CP) forming the BCSFB were freshly isolated from mouse brain ventricles and incubated with fluorescent probes calcein-AM and BODIPY FL-Prazosin. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy, the functional contributions of Bcrp and P-gp were examined using inhibitors and mice with targeted deletion of the Abcb1a/b or Abcg2 gene. RESULTS Apical transport of calcein-AM in choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells is sensitive to inhibition by elacridar and Ko143 but is unaffected by P-gp deletion. In wild-type mice, elacridar increased CPE accumulation of BODIPY FL-Prazosin by 220% whereas deletion of Bcrp increased BODIPY FL-Prazosin accumulation by 43%. There was no change in Mdr1a/1b mRNA expression in CP tissues from the Bcrp-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated functional activity of Bcrp at the BCSFB apical membrane and provided evidence supporting an additional contribution by P-gp. These findings contribute to the understanding of transport mechanisms that regulate CSF drug concentrations, which may benefit future predictions of CNS drug disposition, efficacy, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, 98195-7610, USA
| | - Joanne Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, 98195-7610, USA.
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Hussain Z, Qi Q, Zhu J, Anderson KE, Ma X. Protoporphyrin IX-induced phototoxicity: Mechanisms and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 248:108487. [PMID: 37392940 PMCID: PMC10529234 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is an intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Abnormal accumulation of PPIX due to certain pathological conditions such as erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria causes painful phototoxic reactions of the skin, which can significantly impact daily life. Endothelial cells in the skin have been proposed as the primary target for PPIX-induced phototoxicity through light-triggered generation of reactive oxygen species. Current approaches for the management of PPIX-induced phototoxicity include opaque clothing, sunscreens, phototherapy, blood therapy, antioxidants, bone marrow transplantation, and drugs that increase skin pigmentation. In this review, we discuss the present understanding of PPIX-induced phototoxicity including PPIX production and disposition, conditions that lead to PPIX accumulation, symptoms and individual differences, mechanisms, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahir Hussain
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Qian Qi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Porphyria Laboratory and Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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11
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Cacaccio J, Durrani FA, Kumar I, Dukh M, Camacho S, Fayazi Z, Sumlin A, Kauffman E, Guru K, Pandey RK. Excitation of a Single Compound by Light and Ultrasound Enhanced the Long-Term Cure of Mice Bearing Prostate Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10624. [PMID: 37445799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatment for prostate cancer is dependent on the stages of the cancer, recurrence, and genetic factors. Treatment varies from active surveillance or watchful waiting to prostatectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in combination or alone. Although radical prostate cancer therapy reduces the advancement of the disease and its mortality, the increased disease treatment associated morbidity, erectile dysfunction, and incontinence affect the quality of life of cancer survivors. To overcome these problems, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has previously been investigated using PhotofrinTM as a photosensitizer (PS). However, Photofrin-PDT has shown limitations in treating prostate cancer due to its limited tumor-specificity and the depth of light penetration at 630 nm (the longest wavelength absorption of PhotofrinTM). The results presented herein show that this limitation can be solved by using a near infrared (NIR) compound as a photosensitizer (PS) for PDT and the same agent also acts as a sonosensitizer for SDT (using ultrasound to activate the compound). Compared to light, ultrasound has a stronger penetration ability in biological tissues. Exposing the PS (or sonosensitizer) to ultrasound (US) initiates an electron-transfer process with a biological substrate to form radicals and radical ions (type I reaction). In contrast, exposure of the PS to light (PDT) generates singlet oxygen (type II reaction). Therefore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by SDT and PDT follow two distinct pathways, i.e., type I (oxygen independent) and type II (oxygen dependent), respectively, and results in significantly enhanced destruction of tumor cells. The preliminary in vitro and in vivo results in a PC3 cell line and tumor model indicate that the tumor specificality of the therapeutic agent(s) can be increased by targeting galectin-1 and galectin-3, known for their overexpression in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cacaccio
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Farukh A Durrani
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ishaan Kumar
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Mykhaylo Dukh
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Susan Camacho
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Zahra Fayazi
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Adam Sumlin
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Eric Kauffman
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Khurshid Guru
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ravindra K Pandey
- PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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12
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Lynch J, Wang Y, Li Y, Kavdia K, Fukuda Y, Ranjit S, Robinson CG, Grace CR, Xia Y, Peng J, Schuetz JD. A PPIX-binding probe facilitates discovery of PPIX-induced cell death modulation by peroxiredoxin. Commun Biol 2023; 6:673. [PMID: 37355765 PMCID: PMC10290680 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
While heme synthesis requires the formation of a potentially lethal intermediate, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), surprisingly little is known about the mechanism of its toxicity, aside from its phototoxicity. The cellular protein interactions of PPIX might provide insight into modulators of PPIX-induced cell death. Here we report the development of PPB, a biotin-conjugated, PPIX-probe that captures proteins capable of interacting with PPIX. Quantitative proteomics in a diverse panel of mammalian cell lines reveal a high degree of concordance for PPB-interacting proteins identified for each cell line. Most differences are quantitative, despite marked differences in PPIX formation and sensitivity. Pathway and quantitative difference analysis indicate that iron and heme metabolism proteins are prominent among PPB-bound proteins in fibroblasts, which undergo PPIX-mediated death determined to occur through ferroptosis. PPB proteomic data (available at PRIDE ProteomeXchange # PXD042631) reveal that redox proteins from PRDX family of glutathione peroxidases interact with PPIX. Targeted gene knockdown of the mitochondrial PRDX3, but not PRDX1 or 2, enhance PPIX-induced death in fibroblasts, an effect blocked by the radical-trapping antioxidant, ferrostatin-1. Increased PPIX formation and death was also observed in a T-lymphoblastoid ferrochelatase-deficient leukemia cell line, suggesting that PPIX elevation might serve as a potential strategy for killing certain leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lynch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yuxin Li
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Kanisha Kavdia
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sabina Ranjit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Camenzind G Robinson
- Cellular Imaging Shared Resource, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christy R Grace
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Youlin Xia
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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13
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Blanco-Paniagua E, Álvarez-Fernández L, Rodríguez-Alonso A, Millán-Garcia A, Álvarez AI, Merino G. Role of the Abcg2 Transporter in Secretion into Milk of the Anthelmintic Clorsulon: Interaction with Ivermectin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0009523. [PMID: 37078871 PMCID: PMC10190675 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clorsulon is a benzenesulfonamide drug that is effective in treating helminthic zoonoses such as fascioliasis. When used in combination with the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin, it provides high broad-spectrum antiparasitic efficacy. The safety and efficacy of clorsulon should be studied by considering several factors such as drug-drug interactions mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters due to their potential effects on the pharmacokinetics and drug secretion into milk. The aim of this work was to determine the role of ABC transporter G2 (ABCG2) in clorsulon secretion into milk and the effect of ivermectin, a known ABCG2 inhibitor, on this process. Using in vitro transepithelial assays with cells transduced with murine Abcg2 and human ABCG2, we report that clorsulon was transported in vitro by both transporter variants and that ivermectin inhibited its transport mediated by murine Abcg2 and human ABCG2. Wild-type and Abcg2-/- lactating female mice were used to carry out in vivo assays. The milk concentration and the milk-to-plasma ratio were higher in wild-type mice than in Abcg2-/- mice after clorsulon administration, showing that clorsulon is actively secreted into milk by Abcg2. The interaction of ivermectin in this process was shown after the coadministration of clorsulon and ivermectin to wild-type and Abcg2-/- lactating female mice. Treatment with ivermectin had no effect on the plasma concentrations of clorsulon, but the milk concentrations and milk-to-plasma ratios of clorsulon decreased in comparison to those with treatment without ivermectin, only in wild-type animals. Consequently, the coadministration of clorsulon and ivermectin reduces clorsulon secretion into milk due to drug-drug interactions mediated by ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Blanco-Paniagua
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas-Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Laura Álvarez-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas-Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Andrea Rodríguez-Alonso
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Alicia Millán-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas-Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana I. Álvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas-Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Gracia Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas-Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, León, Spain
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14
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Narai-Kanayama A, Yokosaka SI, Seo Y, Mikami K, Yoshino T, Matsuda H. Evidence of increases of phytol and chlorophyllide by enzymatic dephytylation of chlorophylls in smoothie made from spinach leaves. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37122139 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phytol is a diterpene alcohol found abundantly in nature as the phytyl side chain of chlorophylls. Free form of phytol and its metabolites have been attracting attention because they have a potential to improve the lipid and glucose metabolism. On the other hand, phytol is unfavorable for those who suffering from Refsum's disease. However, there is little information on the phytol contents in leafy vegetables rich in chlorophylls. This study indicated that raw spinach leaves contain phytol of 0.4-1.5 mg/100 g fresh weight. Furthermore, crude enzyme extracted from the leaves showed the enzyme activities involved in dephytylation of chlorophyll derivatives and they were high at mild alkaline pH and around 45°C, and lowered at 55°C or above. Under the optimum pH and temperature for such enzymes determined in the model reaction using the crude enzyme, phytol content in the smoothie made from raw spinach leaves increased with an increase of chlorophyllide, another reaction product. Comparison between the increased amounts of phytol and chlorophyllide showed that the enzymatic dephytylation of chlorophylls was critically responsible for the increase of phytol in the smoothie. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Phytol, which is released by the enzymes related to chlorophyll metabolism in plants, has been investigated because of its potential abilities to improve the lipid metabolism and blood glucose level. In contrast to such health benefits, they are known to be toxic for patients suffering from Refsum's disease. This research for the first time reports the phytol content in raw spinach leaves and that phytol can be increased in the smoothie made from spinach leaves by the action of endogenous enzymes on chlorophyll derivatives under a certain condition. These results help control phytol content in the smoothies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Narai-Kanayama
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Yokosaka
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Seo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Mikami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Matsuda
- Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Howley R, Chandratre S, Chen B. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid as a Theranostic Agent for Tumor Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040496. [PMID: 37106683 PMCID: PMC10136048 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid synthesized in all nucleated mammalian cells. As a porphyrin precursor, ALA is metabolized in the heme biosynthetic pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a fluorophore and photosensitizing agent. ALA administered exogenously bypasses the rate-limit step in the pathway, resulting in PpIX accumulation in tumor tissues. Such tumor-selective PpIX disposition following ALA administration has been exploited for tumor fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with much success. Five ALA-based drugs have now received worldwide approval and are being used for managing very common human (pre)cancerous diseases such as actinic keratosis and basal cell carcinoma or guiding the surgery of bladder cancer and high-grade gliomas, making it the most successful drug discovery and development endeavor in PDT and photodiagnosis. The potential of ALA-induced PpIX as a fluorescent theranostic agent is, however, yet to be fully fulfilled. In this review, we would like to describe the heme biosynthesis pathway in which PpIX is produced from ALA and its derivatives, summarize current clinical applications of ALA-based drugs, and discuss strategies for enhancing ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence and PDT response. Our goal is two-fold: to highlight the successes of ALA-based drugs in clinical practice, and to stimulate the multidisciplinary collaboration that has brought the current success and will continue to usher in more landmark advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharayu Chandratre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Damiani D, Tiribelli M. ABCG2 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Old and New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087147. [PMID: 37108308 PMCID: PMC10138346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances, prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory due to poor response to therapy or relapse. Among causes of resistance, over-expression of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins represents a pivotal mechanism. ABCG2 is an efflux transporter responsible for inducing MDR in leukemic cells; through its ability to extrude many antineoplastic drugs, it leads to AML resistance and/or relapse, even if conflicting data have been reported to date. Moreover, ABCG2 may be co-expressed with other MDR-related proteins and is finely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we review the main issues regarding ABCG2 activity and regulation in the AML clinical scenario, focusing on its expression and the role of polymorphisms, as well as on the potential ways to inhibit its function to counteract drug resistance to, eventually, improve outcomes in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Damiani
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia, 5, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mario Tiribelli
- Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Udine Hospital, P.le Santa Maria della Misericordia, 5, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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17
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Ben Halima N, Álvarez-Fernández L, Blanco-Paniagua E, Abid-Essefi S, Guedri Y, Merino G. In vitro interaction of the pesticides flupyradifurone, bupirimate and its metabolite ethirimol with the ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2). Toxicol Lett 2023; 380:23-30. [PMID: 37011773 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter that is expressed in absorptive and excretory organs such as liver, intestine, kidney, brain and testis where it plays a crucial physiological and toxicological role in protecting cells against xenobiotics, affecting pharmacokinetics of its substrates. In addition, the induction of ABCG2 expression in mammary gland during lactation is related to active secretion of many toxicants into milk. In this study, the in vitro interactions between ABCG2 and three pesticides flupyradifurone, bupirimate and its metabolite ethirimol were investigated to check whether these compounds are substrates and/or inhibitors of this transporter. Using in vitro transepithelial assays with cells transduced with murine, ovine and human ABCG2, we showed that ethirimol and flupyradifurone were transported efficiently by murine Abcg2 and ovine ABCG2 but not by human ABCG2. Bupirimate was not found to be an in vitro substrate of ABCG2 transporter. Accumulation assays using mitoxantrone in transduced MDCK-II cells suggest that none of the tested pesticides were efficient ABCG2 inhibitors, at least in our experimental conditions. Our studies disclose that ethirimol and flupyradifurone are in vitro substrates of murine and ovine ABCG2, opening the possibility of a potential relevance of ABCG2 in the toxicokinetics of these pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Ben Halima
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Laura Álvarez-Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco-Paniagua
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Guedri
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, Sahloul Universitary Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Gracia Merino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 Leon, Spain.
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18
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Özvegy-Laczka C, Ungvári O, Bakos É. Fluorescence-based methods for studying activity and drug-drug interactions of hepatic solute carrier and ATP binding cassette proteins involved in ADME-Tox. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115448. [PMID: 36758706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, approximately 70% of drugs are eliminated through the liver. This process is governed by the concerted action of membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes. Transporters mediating hepatocellular uptake of drugs belong to the SLC (Solute carrier) superfamily of transporters. Drug efflux either toward the portal vein or into the bile is mainly mediated by active transporters of the ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) family. Alteration in the function and/or expression of liver transporters due to mutations, disease conditions, or co-administration of drugs or food components can result in altered pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, drugs or food components interacting with liver transporters may also interfere with liver function (e.g., bile acid homeostasis) and may even cause liver toxicity. Accordingly, certain transporters of the liver should be investigated already at an early stage of drug development. Most frequently radioactive probes are applied in these drug-transporter interaction tests. However, fluorescent probes are cost-effective and sensitive alternatives to radioligands, and are gaining wider application in drug-transporter interaction tests. In our review, we summarize our current understanding about hepatocyte ABC and SLC transporters affected by drug interactions. We provide an update of the available fluorescent and fluorogenic/activable probes applicable in in vitro or in vivo testing of these ABC and SLC transporters, including near-infrared transporter probes especially suitable for in vivo imaging. Furthermore, our review gives a comprehensive overview of the available fluorescence-based methods, not directly relying on the transport of the probe, suitable for the investigation of hepatic ABC or SLC-type drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary
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19
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Gyöngy Z, Mocsár G, Hegedűs É, Stockner T, Ritter Z, Homolya L, Schamberger A, Orbán TI, Remenyik J, Szakacs G, Goda K. Nucleotide binding is the critical regulator of ABCG2 conformational transitions. eLife 2023; 12:83976. [PMID: 36763413 PMCID: PMC9917445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is an exporter-type ABC protein that can expel numerous chemically unrelated xeno- and endobiotics from cells. When expressed in tumor cells or tumor stem cells, ABCG2 confers multidrug resistance, contributing to the failure of chemotherapy. Molecular details orchestrating substrate translocation and ATP hydrolysis remain elusive. Here, we present methods to concomitantly investigate substrate and nucleotide binding by ABCG2 in cells. Using the conformation-sensitive antibody 5D3, we show that the switch from the inward-facing (IF) to the outward-facing (OF) conformation of ABCG2 is induced by nucleotide binding. IF-OF transition is facilitated by substrates, and hindered by the inhibitor Ko143. Direct measurements of 5D3 and substrate binding to ABCG2 indicate that the high-to-low affinity switch of the drug binding site coincides with the transition from the IF to the OF conformation. Low substrate binding persists in the post-hydrolysis state, supporting that dissociation of the ATP hydrolysis products is required to reset the high substrate affinity IF conformation of ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Gyöngy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary,Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Gábor Mocsár
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Éva Hegedűs
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Zsuzsanna Ritter
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary,Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Anita Schamberger
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
| | - Judit Remenyik
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Gergely Szakacs
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary,Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Katalin Goda
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
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20
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Chou DB, Furlong BA, Posey RR, Kyprianou C, O'Sullivan LR, David R, Randle SJ, Polanska UM, Travers J, Urosevic J, Hutchinson JN, Che J, Howley AM, Hasserjian RP, Prantil-Baun R, Ingber DE. Differential ABC transporter expression during hematopoiesis contributes to neutrophil-biased toxicity of Aurora kinase inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6021. [PMID: 36224199 PMCID: PMC9556712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33672-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cytopenias are a prevalent and significant issue that worsens clinical outcomes and hinders the effective treatment of cancer. While reductions in blood cell numbers are classically associated with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies, they also occur with newer targeted small molecules and the factors that determine the hematotoxicity profiles of oncologic drugs are not fully understood. Here, we explore why some Aurora kinase inhibitors cause preferential neutropenia. By studying drug responses of healthy human hematopoietic cells in vitro and analyzing existing gene expression datasets, we provide evidence that the enhanced vulnerability of neutrophil-lineage cells to Aurora kinase inhibition is caused by early developmental changes in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter expression. These data show that hematopoietic cell-intrinsic expression of ABC transporters may be an important factor that determines how some Aurora kinase inhibitors affect the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Chou
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brooke A Furlong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan R Posey
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christos Kyprianou
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucy R O'Sullivan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rhiannon David
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suzanne J Randle
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jon Travers
- Early Oncology, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Jianwei Che
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Biological Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Howley
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Salac ELO, Alvarez MR, Gaurana RS, Grijaldo SJB, Serrano LM, de Juan F, Abogado R, Padolina Jr. I, Deniega FM, Delica K, Fernandez K, Lebrilla CB, Manalo MN, Heralde III FM, Completo GCJ, Nacario RC. Biological Assay-Guided Fractionation and Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolite Profiling of Annona muricata L. Cytotoxic Compounds against Lung Cancer A549 Cell Line. Plants 2022; 11:plants11182380. [PMID: 36145779 PMCID: PMC9503541 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Annona muricata L. (Guyabano) leaves are reported to exhibit anticancer activity against cancer cells. In this study, the ethyl acetate extract from guyabano leaves was purified through column chromatography, and the cytotoxic effects of the semi-purified fractions were evaluated against A549 lung cancer cells using in vitro MTS cytotoxicity and scratch/wound healing assays. Fractions F15-16C and F15-16D exhibited the highest anticancer activity in the MTS assay, with % cytotoxicity values of 99.6% and 99.4%, respectively. The bioactivity of the fractions was also consistent with the results of the scratch/wound healing assay. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics was employed on the semi-purified fractions to determine the putative compounds responsible for the bioactivity. The active fractions were processed using LC-MS/MS analysis with the integration of the following metabolomic tools: MS-DIAL (for data processing), MetaboAnalyst (for data analysis), GNPS (for metabolite annotation), and Cytoscape (for network visualization). Results revealed that the putative compounds with a significant difference between active and inactive fractions in PCA and OPLS-DA models were pheophorbide A and diphenylcyclopropenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edcyl Lee O. Salac
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo 5023, Philippines
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Michael Russelle Alvarez
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rnie Shayne Gaurana
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Iloilo 5023, Philippines
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Luster Mae Serrano
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Florence de Juan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Rowell Abogado
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Core Lab, Pascual Pharma Corp, Laguna 4030, Philippines
| | | | - Froila Marie Deniega
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Kimberly Delica
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | | | | | - Marlon N. Manalo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | | | - Gladys Cherisse J. Completo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Correspondence: (G.C.J.C.); (R.C.N.)
| | - Ruel C. Nacario
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Correspondence: (G.C.J.C.); (R.C.N.)
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22
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Wang J, Susam MM, Gan C, Sparidans RW, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. P-Glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) Restricts Brain Accumulation of the Novel EGFR Inhibitor EAI045 and Oral Elacridar Coadministration Enhances Its Brain Accumulation and Oral Exposure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091124. [PMID: 36145346 PMCID: PMC9505538 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
EAI045 is a fourth-generation allosteric tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It targets T790M and C797S EGFR mutants in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). EAI045 and cetuximab combined induce tumor regression in mouse models of EGFR-mutant lung cancer. We investigated the pharmacokinetic roles of the multidrug efflux and uptake transporters ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCG2 (BCRP), and OATP1A/1B, and of the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A in plasma and tissue distribution of EAI045 and its metabolites, using genetically modified mouse models. In vitro, EAI045 was a good transport substrate of human ABCB1. In vivo, oral EAI045 (20 mg/kg) was rapidly absorbed. Relative to wild-type mice, EAI045 brain-to-plasma ratios were increased 3.9-fold in Abcb1a/1b-/- and 4.8-fold in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice. However, in single Abcg2-/- mice they were unchanged. EAI045 oral availability was not markedly altered. Oral coadministration of elacridar, an ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor, increased the plasma AUC0–30min and brain-to-plasma ratios of EAI045 by 4.0-fold and 5.4-fold, respectively, in wild-type mice. EAI045 glucuronide showed an increased plasma AUC0–30min and a markedly decreased accumulation and tissue-to-plasma ratio in the small intestinal content when Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2 were absent. A large fraction of oral EAI045 was converted to its hydrolyzed metabolite PIA, but Abcb1a/1b, Abcg2, and Oatp1a/1b had little impact on PIA pharmacokinetics. Mouse Cyp3a knockout or transgenic human CYP3A4 overexpression did not significantly affect oral EAI045 pharmacokinetics. Our results show that blood–brain barrier ABCB1 can markedly limit EAI045 brain accumulation. Moreover, elacridar coadministration can effectively reverse this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Merve Susam
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Changpei Gan
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf W. Sparidans
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Lebre
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Slotervaart Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H. Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-5122046
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Dean M, Moitra K, Allikmets R. The human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1162-1182. [PMID: 35642569 PMCID: PMC9357071 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily comprises membrane proteins that efflux various substrates across extra- and intracellular membranes. Mutations in ABC genes cause 21 human disorders or phenotypes with Mendelian inheritance, including cystic fibrosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, retinal degeneration, cholesterol, and bile transport defects. To provide tools to study the function of human ABC transporters we compiled data from multiple genomics databases. We analyzed ABC gene conservation within human populations and across vertebrates and surveyed phenotypes of ABC gene mutations in mice. Most mouse ABC gene disruption mutations have a phenotype that mimics human disease, indicating they are applicable models. Interestingly, several ABCA family genes, whose human function is unknown, have cholesterol level phenotypes in the mouse. Genome-wide association studies confirm and extend ABC traits and suggest several new functions to investigate. Whole-exome sequencing of tumors from diverse cancer types demonstrates that mutations in ABC genes are not common in cancer, but specific genes are overexpressed in select tumor types. Finally, an analysis of the frequency of loss-of-function mutations demonstrates that many human ABC genes are essential with a low level of variants, while others have a higher level of genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland 21702
| | | | - Rando Allikmets
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, 10032
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Abstract
An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most iron is bound to heme but it can also be incorporated into iron-sulfur clusters or bind directly to proteins. Iron's capacity to cycle between Fe2+ and Fe3+ contributes to its biological utility but also renders it toxic in excess. Heme is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole essential for diverse biological functions including gas transport and sensing, oxidative metabolism, and xenobiotic detoxification. Like iron, heme is essential yet toxic in excess. As such, both iron and heme homeostasis are tightly regulated. Here we discuss molecular and physiologic aspects of iron and heme metabolism. We focus on dietary absorption; cellular import; utilization; and export, recycling, and elimination, emphasizing studies published in recent years. We end with a discussion on current challenges and needs in the field of iron and heme biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Dutt
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Zhang Y, Lu Y, Jin L. Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Physiological and Pathological Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9395. [PMID: 36012659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a vital element in nearly every living organism. During pregnancy, optimal iron concentration is essential for both maternal health and fetal development. As the barrier between the mother and fetus, placenta plays a pivotal role in mediating and regulating iron transport. Imbalances in iron metabolism correlate with severe adverse pregnancy outcomes. Like most other nutrients, iron exhibits a U-shaped risk curve. Apart from iron deficiency, iron overload is also dangerous since labile iron can generate reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative stress and activates ferroptosis. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanism and regulation signals of placental iron trafficking under physiological conditions. In addition, we revealed the role of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in the view of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, which may bring new insight to the pathogenesis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.
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Dorninger F, Vaz FM, Waterham HR, Klinken JBV, Zeitler G, Forss-Petter S, Berger J, Wiesinger C. Ether lipid transfer across the blood-brain and placental barriers does not improve by inactivation of the most abundant ABC transporters. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:69-79. [PMID: 35981629 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid transport from the periphery to the brain is an understudied topic. When certain lipid species are deficient due to impaired synthesis, though, transfer across the blood-brain barrier is essential for replenishing lipids in the brain. For example, the deficiency in plasmalogens, the most abundant ether lipids in mammals, has detrimental effects on the brain, which is a major issue in inherited peroxisomal disorders but also contributes to more common disorders like Alzheimer's disease. Oral administration of alkylglycerols like batyl alcohol, which carry a pre-formed ether bond, enables replenishment of ether lipids in various peripheral tissues. However, plasmalogen deficiency in the brain cannot be overcome by this approach. Here, we tried to increase cerebral plasmalogen uptake by modulating the efflux transport across the blood-brain barrier. We hypothesized, based on previous literature, that at least some ether lipid species readily enter endothelial cells of the barrier through the transporter MFSD2A but are re-exported by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. By crossbreeding Mdr1a-/-/Mdr1b-/-/Bcrp-/- and ether lipid-deficient Gnpat-/- mice as well as pharmacological inhibition with MK-571 to inactivate the major ABC transporters at the blood-brain barrier, we evaluated the potential of combined ABC transporter inhibition and oral batyl alcohol administration for the treatment of plasmalogen deficiency. We found that even in the absence of the most abundant ABC transporters, batyl alcohol supplementation did not restore plasmalogen levels in the brain, despite the presence of a wide spectrum of ether lipid subspecies in the plasma as demonstrated by lipidomic analysis. Surprisingly, batyl alcohol treatment of pregnant Gnpat+/- dams had beneficial effects on the plasmalogen levels of Gnpat-/- offspring with defective ether lipid biosynthesis, independently of ABC transporter status at the placental barrier. Our results underline the autonomy of brain lipid homeostasis and indicate that peripheral supplementation of ether lipids is not sufficient to supply the brain with larger amounts of plasmalogens. Yet, the findings suggest that alkylglycerol treatment during pregnancy may pose a viable option to ameliorate some of the severe developmental defects of inborn ether lipid deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dorninger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Inborn errors of metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; United for Metabolic Diseases, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan B van Klinken
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Zeitler
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Wiesinger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Liu X, Lv H, Shen H. Vitamin D enhances the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the combination therapy of photodynamic therapy and paclitaxel. Tissue Cell 2022; 77:101815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Blanco-Paniagua E, Álvarez-Fernández L, Garcia-Lino AM, Álvarez AI, Merino G. Secretion into Milk of the Main Metabolites of the Anthelmintic Albendazole Is Mediated by the ABCG2/BCRP Transporter. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0006222. [PMID: 35736132 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00062-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Albendazole (ABZ) is an anthelmintic with a broad-spectrum activity, widely used in human and veterinary medicine. ABZ is metabolized in all mammalian species to albendazole sulfoxide (ABZSO), albendazole sulfone (ABZSO2) and albendazole 2-aminosulphone (ABZSO2-NH2). ABZSO and ABZSO2 are the main metabolites detected in plasma and all three are detected in milk. The ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that is involved in the active secretion of several compounds into milk. Previous studies have reported that ABZSO was in vitro transported by ABCG2. The aim of this work is to correlate the in vitro interaction between ABCG2 and the other ABZ metabolites with their secretion into milk by this transporter. Using in vitro transepithelial assays with cells transduced with murine Abcg2 and human ABCG2, we show that ABZSO2 and ABZSO2-NH2 are in vitro substrates of both. In vivo assays carried out with wild-type and Abcg2-/- lactating female mice demonstrated that secretion into milk of these ABZ metabolites was mediated by Abcg2. Milk concentrations and milk-to-plasma ratio were higher in wild-type compared to Abcg2-/- mice for all the metabolites tested. We conclude that ABZ metabolites are undoubtedly in vitro substrates of ABCG2 and actively secreted into milk by ABCG2.
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Watanabe T, Nishio Y, Yamamoto Y, Shimizu T, Li XK, Okita H, Kuroda T. Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid: A new diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical aid for neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1281-1285. [PMID: 35396087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used in cancer therapy because of the tumor-specific accumulation of photosensitizing protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). We aimed to assess the susceptibility of human neuroblastoma cell lines to ALA-PDT and determine the mechanism of PDT. METHODS We used four human neuroblastoma cell lines (GOTO, NB9, IMR32, and NB1) and a gastric cancer cell line (MKN45) as a positive control. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ALA, and the ALA-induced production of PpIX in tumor cells was quantified using fluorescence spectrophotometry. PDT photocytotoxicity was measured by exposing the cells to a 630-nm irradiation for 10 min, and apoptotic cells stained with phosphatidylserine (PS) and propidium iodide (PI) were detected through flow cytometry. RESULTS ALA cytotoxicity was not observed in any cell line. The intracellular concentration of PpIX increased in an ALA dose-dependent manner, and intracellular fluorescence of PpIX increased in a time-dependent manner. The viability of NB-1 cells treated with 250 μM 5-ALA rapidly decreased to 5%. Photocytotoxicity was observed in the following order: NB1, IMR32, NB-9, and GOTO. Photocytotoxicity was positively correlated with intracellular PpIX concentrations. PS+/PI- cells increased up to 21% after 12 h, and PS+/PI+ cells accounted for 35% of all cells after 24 h, which suggests that ALA-PDT induced apoptotic cell death. CONCLUSION This study shows that neuroblastoma cell lines were susceptible to 5-ALA-PDT, resulting in persistent apoptotic cell death. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE N/A for basic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Watanabe
- Division of Surgery, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo Japan; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Nishio
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shimizu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Okita
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kuroda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Elumalai P, Muninathan N, Megalatha ST, Suresh A, Kumar KS, Jhansi N, Kalaivani K, Krishnamoorthy G. An Insight into Anticancer Effect of Propolis and Its Constituents: A Review of Molecular Mechanisms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2022; 2022:5901191. [PMID: 35754701 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5901191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural compound collected by honeybees from different parts of plants. Honeybees produce a sticky component besides honey by mixing the tree resin and other botanical sources with saliva called propolis or bee glue. Propolis was traditionally used as a wound healing substance, cosmetic, medicine, and many other conditions. Till now, there is no definite curable treatment for most cancers and chemotherapeutic drugs and drugs used for targeted therapies have serious side effects. According to a recent research, natural products are becoming increasingly essential in cancer prevention. Natural products are a great source of potential therapeutic agents, especially in the treatment of cancer. Previous studies have reported that the presence of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), artepillin C, and chrysin is responsible for the anticancer potential of propolis. Most of the previous studies suggested that propolis and its active compounds inhibit cancer progression by targeting multiple signaling pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling molecules, and induce cell cycle arrest. Induction of apoptosis by propolis is mediated through extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. The aim of this review is to highlight and summarize the molecular targets and anticancer potential of propolis and its active compounds on cell survival, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a critical role in protecting vital organs such as the brain and placenta against xenobiotics, as well as in modulating the pharmacological and toxicological profile of several drug candidates by restricting their penetration through cellular and tissue barriers. This review paper provides a description of the structure and function of ABC transporters as well as the role of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and breast cancer resistance protein in the disposition of drugs. Furthermore, a review of the in vitro and in vivo techniques for evaluating the interaction between drugs and ABC transporters are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwunonso K Nwabufo
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Majerník M, Jendželovský R, Vargová J, Jendželovská Z, Fedoročko P. Multifunctional Nanoplatforms as a Novel Effective Approach in Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy, to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1075. [PMID: 35631660 PMCID: PMC9143284 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is more than sixty years since the era of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer began. Enhanced selectivity for malignant cells with a reduced selectivity for non-malignant cells and good biocompatibility along with the limited occurrence of side effects are considered to be the most significant advantages of PDT in comparison with conventional therapeutic approaches, e.g., chemotherapy. The phenomenon of multidrug resistance, which is associated with drug efflux transporters, was originally identified in relation to the application of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, over the last thirty years, numerous papers have shown that many photosensitizers are the substrates of efflux transporters, significantly restricting the effectiveness of PDT. The concept of a dynamic nanoplatform offers a possible solution to minimize the multidrug resistance effect in cells affected by PDT. Indeed, recent findings have shown that the utilization of nanoparticles could significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of PDT. Additionally, multifunctional nanoplatforms could induce the synergistic effect of combined treatment regimens, such as PDT with chemotherapy. Moreover, the surface modifications that are associated with nanoparticle functionalization significantly improve the target potential of PDT or chemo-PDT in multidrug resistant and cancer stem cells.
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33
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Huttunen KM, Terasaki T, Urtti A, Montaser AB, Uchida Y. Pharmacoproteomics of Brain Barrier Transporters and Substrate Design for the Brain Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1363-1392. [PMID: 35257288 PMCID: PMC9246989 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major reasons why central nervous system (CNS)-drug development has been challenging in the past, is the barriers that prevent substances entering from the blood circulation into the brain. These barriers include the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB), and blood-arachnoid barrier (BAB), and they differ from each other in their transporter protein expression and function as well as among the species. The quantitative expression profiles of the transporters in the CNS-barriers have been recently revealed, and in this review, it is described how they affect the pharmacokinetics of compounds and how these expression differences can be taken into account in the prediction of brain drug disposition in humans, an approach called pharmacoproteomics. In recent years, also structural biology and computational resources have progressed remarkably, enabling a detailed understanding of the dynamic processes of transporters. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) are currently used commonly to reveal the conformational changes of the transporters and to find the interactions between the substrates and the protein during the binding, translocation in the transporter cavity, and release of the substrate on the other side of the membrane. The computational advancements have also aided in the rational design of transporter-utilizing compounds, including prodrugs that can be actively transported without losing potency towards the pharmacological target. In this review, the state-of-art of these approaches will be also discussed to give insights into the transporter-mediated drug delivery to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmed B Montaser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Szczygieł M, Markiewicz M, Szafraniec MJ, Hojda A, Fiedor L, Urbanska K. Systemic Mobilization of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein in Response to Oncogenic Stress. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020313. [PMID: 35053477 PMCID: PMC8773772 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The drug efflux mediated by xenobiotic transporters is one of the best recognized mechanisms of multidrug resistance in cancer that leads to the failure of therapeutic approaches. The aim of our research was to examine the influence of a growing tumor on the activity of xenobiotic transport in the host. Our study reveals a strong correlation between the development of melanoma tumor in mice and the level of breast cancer resistance protein, one of the major xenobiotic transporters, and its transcript in the normal tissues of the hosts distant from the tumor site. The systemic effects of the tumor are confirmed by a drastically enhanced xenobiotic transport, which is correlated with changes in the level of cytokines in blood. Such an unexpected type of tumor–host interaction, which leads to the systemic upregulation of breast cancer resistance protein, and very likely of other xenobiotic transporters too, has broad implications for cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Our findings shed new light on the biology of cancer and the complexity of cancer–host interactions that should be taken into account in the design of new generations of anti-cancer drugs and personalized medicine. Abstract The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP or ABCG2) involved in cancer multidrug resistance (MDR), transports many hydrophobic compounds, including a number of anti-cancer drugs. Our comprehensive study using a mouse model reveals that a subcutaneously growing tumor strongly affects the expression of BCRP in the host’s normal organs on both the transcriptional and translational level. Additionally, the efflux of BCRP substrates is markedly enhanced. The levels of BCRP and its transcript in normal tissues distant from the tumor site correlate with tumor growth and the levels of cytokines in the peripheral blood. Thus, oncogenic stress causes transient systemic upregulation of BCRP in the host’s normal tissues and organs, which is possibly mediated via cytokines. Because BCRP upregulation takes place in many organs as early as the initial stages of tumor development, it reveals a most basic mechanism that may be responsible for the induction of primary MDR. We hypothesize that such effects are not tumor-specific responses, but rather constitute a more universal defense strategy. The xenobiotic transporters are systemically mobilized due to various stresses, seemingly in a pre-emptive manner so that the body can be quickly and efficiently detoxified. Our findings shed new light on the biology of cancer and on the complexity of cancer–host interactions and are highly relevant to cancer therapies as well as to the design of new generations of therapeutics and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczygieł
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (M.J.S.); (A.H.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Marcin Markiewicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (M.J.S.); (A.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Milena Julia Szafraniec
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (M.J.S.); (A.H.); (K.U.)
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Hojda
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (M.J.S.); (A.H.); (K.U.)
| | - Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (M.J.S.); (A.H.); (K.U.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (L.F.)
| | - Krystyna Urbanska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (M.J.S.); (A.H.); (K.U.)
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35
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Goebel J, Chmielewski J, Hrycyna CA. The roles of the human ATP-binding cassette transporters P-glycoprotein and ABCG2 in multidrug resistance in cancer and at endogenous sites: future opportunities for structure-based drug design of inhibitors. Cancer Drug Resist 2022; 4:784-804. [PMID: 34993424 PMCID: PMC8730335 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and ABCG2 are multidrug transporters that confer drug resistance to numerous anti-cancer therapeutics in cell culture. These findings initially created great excitement in the medical oncology community, as inhibitors of these transporters held the promise of overcoming clinical multidrug resistance in cancer patients. However, clinical trials of P-gp and ABCG2 inhibitors in combination with cancer chemotherapeutics have not been successful due, in part, to flawed clinical trial designs resulting from an incomplete molecular understanding of the multifactorial basis of multidrug resistance (MDR) in the cancers examined. The field was also stymied by the lack of high-resolution structural information for P-gp and ABCG2 for use in the rational structure-based drug design of inhibitors. Recent advances in structural biology have led to numerous structures of both ABCG2 and P-gp that elucidated more clearly the mechanism of transport and the polyspecific nature of their substrate and inhibitor binding sites. These data should prove useful helpful for developing even more potent and specific inhibitors of both transporters. As such, although possible pharmacokinetic interactions would need to be evaluated, these inhibitors may show greater effectiveness in overcoming ABC-dependent multidrug resistance in combination with chemotherapeutics in carefully selected subsets of cancers. Another perhaps even more compelling use of these inhibitors may be in reversibly inhibiting endogenously expressed P-gp and ABCG2, which serve a protective role at various blood-tissue barriers. Inhibition of these transporters at sanctuary sites such as the brain and gut could lead to increased penetration by chemotherapeutics used to treat brain cancers or other brain disorders and increased oral bioavailability of these agents, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Goebel
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jean Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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36
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Mansi M, Howley R, Chen B. Methods to Measure the Inhibition of ABCG2 Transporter and Ferrochelatase Activity to Enhance Aminolevulinic Acid-Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence-Guided Tumor Detection and Resection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:823-835. [PMID: 35094360 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has been clinically used as an intraoperative fluorescence probe for protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence-guided tumor resection and a PDT agent for cancer treatment. Although tumor tissues often show increased ALA-PpIX fluorescence compared with normal tissues, which enables the use of ALA for tumor imaging and targeting, weak tumor PpIX fluorescence as well as the heterogeneity in tumor fluorescence severely limits its clinical application. Intracellular PpIX in tumor cells is reduced by two major mechanisms, efflux by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as ABCG2 and bioconversion to form heme by ferrochelatase (FECH) in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Targeting these two predominant PpIX-reducing mechanisms for the enhancement of ALA-PpIX have yielded a plethora of promising results and stimulated the clinical exploration of these enhancement strategies. Here we describe our methods of evaluating chemicals for the inhibition of ABCG2 transporter and FECH activity. Our goal is to further encourage research and development of novel ABCG2 and FECH inhibitors and promote a rational use of these inhibitors to optimize ALA-based tumor detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Howley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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37
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Zattoni IF, Kronenberger T, Kita DH, Guanaes LD, Guimarães MM, de Oliveira Prado L, Ziasch M, Vesga LC, Gomes de Moraes Rego F, Picheth G, Gonçalves MB, Noseda MD, Ducatti DRB, Poso A, Robey RW, Ambudkar SV, Moure VR, Gonçalves AG, Valdameri G. A new porphyrin as selective substrate-based inhibitor of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2). Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109718. [PMID: 34717915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ABCG2 transporter plays a pivotal role in multidrug resistance, however, no clinical trial using specific ABCG2 inhibitors have been successful. Although ABC transporters actively extrude a wide variety of substrates, photodynamic therapeutic agents with porphyrinic scaffolds are exclusively transported by ABCG2. In this work, we describe for the first time a porphyrin derivative (4B) inhibitor of ABCG2 and capable to overcome multidrug resistance in vitro. The inhibition was time-dependent and 4B was not itself transported by ABCG2. Independently of the substrate, the porphyrin 4B showed an IC50 value of 1.6 μM and a mixed type of inhibition. This compound inhibited the ATPase activity and increased the binding of the conformational-sensitive antibody 5D3. A thermostability assay confirmed allosteric protein changes triggered by the porphyrin. Long-timescale molecular dynamics simulations revealed a different behavior between the ABCG2 porphyrinic substrate pheophorbide a and the porphyrin 4B. Pheophorbide a was able to bind in three different protein sites but 4B showed one binding conformation with a strong ionic interaction with GLU446. The inhibition was selective toward ABCG2, since no inhibition was observed for P-glycoprotein and MRP1. Finally, this compound successfully chemosensitized cells that overexpress ABCG2. These findings reinforce that substrates may be a privileged source of chemical scaffolds for identification of new inhibitors of multidrug resistance-linked ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Fatima Zattoni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diogo Henrique Kita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Melanie Ziasch
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis C Vesga
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Research Group in Biochemistry and Microbiology (GIBIM), School of Chemistry, Industrial University of Santander, A.A. 678, Bucaramanga, Colombia; Research Group on Organic Compounds of Medicinal Interest (CODEIM), Technological Park of Guatiguara, Industrial University of Santander, A. A. 678, Piedecuesta, Colombia
| | | | - Geraldo Picheth
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marcos Brown Gonçalves
- Department of Physics, Federal Technological University of Paraná, 80230-901 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Miguel D Noseda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Diogo R B Ducatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio, 70211, Finland; Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suresh V Ambudkar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vivian Rotuno Moure
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Glaucio Valdameri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Laboratory of Cancer Drug Resistance, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Kido Y, Nanchi I, Fusamae Y, Matsuzaki T, Akazawa T, Sawada H, Iwasaki M, Nishida K, Tsuchiya E, Okuda T. Species difference in brain penetration of P-gp and BCRP substrates among monkey, dog and mouse. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 42:100426. [PMID: 34974334 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain penetration of 19 drugs, including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and/or breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrates, was compared among mice, cynomolgus monkeys and beagle dogs. The brain-to-plasma concentration ratios (Kp,brain) of the tested compounds in monkey and dog showed good correlation, whereas species differences were observed between non-rodents (monkey/dog) and rodents (mouse). In particular, the Kp,brain values of 7 compounds out of 12 P-gp substrates (Kp,brain ratio in P-gp knockout mice versus wild-type mice ≥3) in monkey and dog were more than three-fold higher than those in mice and a similar trend was observed in the brain-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios (Kp,uu,brain). The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) drug concentrations (CCSF), a surrogate for unbound brain concentration (Cu,brain), were also compared between dog and monkey, and the CSF-to-plasma unbound concentration ratios (Kp,uu,CSF) of BCRP substrates in dog were notably higher than those in monkey, although non-bcrp substrates showed good correlation. Also, the Kp,uu,CSF values of BCRP substrates in dog were clearly higher than the Kp,uu,brain values, indicating that the dog CCSF of BCRP substrates was not suitable as a surrogate of Cu,brain. These observations should be useful when selecting the appropriate animal models for CNS drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kido
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Isamu Nanchi
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Fusamae
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Matsuzaki
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takanori Akazawa
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sawada
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Iwasaki
- Shionogi Techno Advance Research & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kimiko Nishida
- Shionogi Techno Advance Research & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Tomohiko Okuda
- Laboratory for Innovative Therapy Research, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Li W, Sparidans RW, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Control Brain Accumulation and Intestinal Disposition of the Novel ROS1/TRK/ALK Inhibitor Repotrectinib, While OATP1A/1B, ABCG2, and CYP3A Limit Its Oral Availability. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111761. [PMID: 34834176 PMCID: PMC8619046 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repotrectinib shows high activity against ROS1/TRK/ALK fusion-positive cancers in preclinical studies. We explored the roles of multidrug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2, the OATP1A/1B uptake transporter(s), and the CYP3A complex in pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of repotrectinib in genetically modified mouse models. In vitro, human ABCB1 and ABCG2, and mouse Abcg2 efficiently transported repotrectinib with efflux transport ratios of 13.5, 5.6, and 40, respectively. Oral repotrectinib (10 mg/kg) showed higher plasma exposures in Abcg2-deficient mouse strains. Brain-to-plasma ratios were increased in Abcb1a/1b−/− (4.1-fold) and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2−/− (14.2-fold) compared to wild-type mice, but not in single Abcg2−/− mice. Small intestinal content recovery of repotrectinib was decreased 4.9-fold in Abcb1a/1b−/− and 13.6-fold in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2−/− mice. Intriguingly, Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2−/− mice displayed transient, mild, likely CNS-localized toxicity. Oatp1a/1b deficiency caused a 2.3-fold increased oral availability and corresponding decrease in liver distribution of repotrectinib. In Cyp3a−/− mice, repotrectinib plasma AUC0–h was 2.3-fold increased, and subsequently reduced 2.0-fold in humanized CYP3A4 transgenic mice. Collectively, Abcb1 and Abcg2 restrict repotrectinib brain accumulation and possibly toxicity, and control its intestinal disposition. Abcg2 also limits repotrectinib oral availability. Oatp1a/1b mediates repotrectinib liver uptake, thus reducing its systemic exposure. Systemic exposure of repotrectinib is also substantially limited by CYP3A activity. These insights may be useful to optimize the therapeutic application of repotrectinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Rolf W. Sparidans
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Maria C. Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H. Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (W.L.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
- Alfred H. Schinkel, Schinkel Group, Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-512-2046; Fax: +31-20-512-1792
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40
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Liang B, Lusvarghi S, Ambudkar SV, Huang HC. Mechanistic Insights into Photodynamic Regulation of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate-Binding Cassette Drug Transporters. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1578-1587. [PMID: 36118950 PMCID: PMC9476936 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to overcome cancer multidrug resistance through inhibition of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 have largely failed in the clinic. The challenges faced during the development of non-toxic modulators suggest a need for a conceptual shift to new strategies for the inhibition of ABC drug transporters. Here, we reveal the fundamental mechanisms by which photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be exploited to manipulate the function and integrity of ABC drug transporters. PDT is a clinically relevant, photochemistry-based tool that involves the light activation of photosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species. ATPase activity and in silico molecular docking analyses show that the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) binds to ABCB1 and ABCG2 with micromolar half-maximal inhibitory concentrations in the absence of light. Light activation of BPD generates singlet oxygen to further reduce the ATPase activity of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by up to 12-fold in an optical dose-dependent manner. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting revealed that light-activated BPD induces the aggregation of these transporters by covalent cross-linking. We provide a proof of principle that PDT affects the function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by modulating the ATPase activity and protein integrity of these transporters. Insights gained from this study concerning the photodynamic manipulation of ABC drug transporters could aid in the development and application of new optical tools to overcome the multidrug resistance that often develops after cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry
J. Liang
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Suresh V. Ambudkar
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell
Department of Bioengineering, University
of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Marlene
and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University
of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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41
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Szafraniec MJ, Fiedor L. One ring is not enough to rule them all. Albumin-dependent ABCG2-mediated transport of chlorophyll-derived photosensitizers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106001. [PMID: 34517107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) is a member of the ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters. It is involved in the efflux of a broad range of xenobiotics of highly diverse structures. BCRP activity greatly influences drug distribution in vivo and is often associated with cancer multidrug resistance, which is observed in the case of both chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. The set of ABCG2 substrates includes porphyrins and chlorins such as heme, hemin, protoporphyrin IX, chlorin e6, pheophorbide a, and their derivatives. Here we provide an evidence that magnesium- and zinc-substituted derivatives of pheophorbide a, which are very promising photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy, are also recognized and transported by ABCG2. Interestingly, despite minor structural differences, they clearly differ in the transport rate, both between each other and compared to pheophorbide a. In addition, their transport rate, like those of other structurally similar compounds, is strictly dependent on the level of serum albumin in the extracellular environment. The results that we present here are crucial for the use of metal-substituted pheophorbides in clinical practice but also provide an important insight into the mechanism of porphyrin transport by ABCG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena J Szafraniec
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Leszek Fiedor
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Agustina R, Masuo Y, Kido Y, Shinoda K, Ishimoto T, Kato Y. Identification of Food-Derived Isoflavone Sulfates as Inhibition Markers for Intestinal Breast Cancer Resistance Proteins. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:972-984. [PMID: 34413161 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential inhibition of the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), a drug efflux transporter, is a key issue during drug development, and the use of its physiologic substrates as biomarkers can be advantageous to assess inhibition. In this study, we aimed to identify BCRP substrates by an untargeted metabolomic approach. Mice were orally administered lapatinib to inhibit BCRP in vivo, and plasma samples were assessed by liquid chromatography/time of flight/mass spectrometry with all-ion fragmentation acquisition and quantified by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A differential metabolomic analysis was also performed for plasma from Bcrp -/- and wild-type mice. Plasma peaks of food-derived isoflavone metabolites, daidzein sulfate (DS), and genistein sulfate (GS) increased after lapatinib administration and in Bcrp -/- mice. Administration of lapatinib and another BCRP inhibitor febuxostat increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of DS, GS, and equol sulfate (ES) by 3.6- and 1.8-, 5.6- and 4.1-, and 1.6- and 4.8-fold, respectively. BCRP inhibitors also increased the AUC and maximum plasma concentration of DS and ES after coadministration with each parent compound. After adding parent compounds to the apical side of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial-like cells, DS, GS, and ES in the basal compartment significantly increased in the presence of lapatinib and febuxostat, suggesting the inhibition of intestinal BCRP. ATP-dependent uptake of DS and ES in BCRP-expressing membrane vesicles was reduced by both inhibitors, indicating inhibition of BCRP-mediated DS and ES transport. Thus, we propose the first evidence of surrogate markers for BCRP inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study performed untargeted metabolomics to identify substrates of BCRP/ABCG2 to assess changes in its transport activity in vivo by BCRP/ABCG2 inhibitors. Food-derived isoflavone sulfates were identified as useful markers for evaluating changes in BCRP-mediated transport in the small intestine by its inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Agustina
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Yusuke Masuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Yasuto Kido
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Kyosuke Shinoda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Takahiro Ishimoto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan (R.A., Y.M., K.S., T.I., Y.Ka.); Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia (R.A.); and Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan (Y.Ki.)
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Karg CA, Neubig CM, Roosen J, Moser S. Rising levels of antioxidative phyllobilins in stored agricultural produce and their impact on consumer acceptance. NPJ Sci Food 2021; 5:19. [PMID: 34341341 PMCID: PMC8329175 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumers often throw away faded greens, because taste and appearance are less appealing compared to fresh ones. We report here a family of antioxidants, the phyllobilins, which increase during storage in iceberg lettuce and cucumber. We show that informing consumers about rising levels of phyllobilins leads to a longer willingness to consume faded lettuce and to an improved health and safety perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia A Karg
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina M Neubig
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Management, Chair of Marketing and Consumer Research, Freising, Germany
| | - Jutta Roosen
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Management, Chair of Marketing and Consumer Research, Freising, Germany
| | - Simone Moser
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Ganguly S, Finkelstein D, Shaw TI, Michalek RD, Zorn KM, Ekins S, Yasuda K, Fukuda Y, Schuetz JD, Mukherjee K, Schuetz EG. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals endogenous substrates and metabolic adaptation in rats lacking Abcg2 and Abcb1a transporters. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253852. [PMID: 34255797 PMCID: PMC8277073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abcg2/Bcrp and Abcb1a/Pgp are xenobiotic efflux transporters limiting substrate permeability in the gastrointestinal system and brain, and increasing renal and hepatic drug clearance. The systemic impact of Bcrp and Pgp ablation on metabolic homeostasis of endogenous substrates is incompletely understood. We performed untargeted metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma, transcriptomics of brain, liver and kidney from male Sprague Dawley rats (WT) and Bcrp/Pgp double knock-out (dKO) rats, and integrated metabolomic/transcriptomic analysis to identify putative substrates and perturbations in canonical metabolic pathways. A predictive Bayesian machine learning model was used to predict in silico those metabolites with greater substrate-like features for either transporters. The CSF and plasma levels of 169 metabolites, nutrients, signaling molecules, antioxidants and lipids were significantly altered in dKO rats, compared to WT rats. These metabolite changes suggested alterations in histidine, branched chain amino acid, purine and pyrimidine metabolism in the dKO rats. Levels of methylated and sulfated metabolites and some primary bile acids were increased in dKO CSF or plasma. Elevated uric acid levels appeared to be a primary driver of changes in purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis. Alterations in Bcrp/Pgp dKO CSF levels of antioxidants, precursors of neurotransmitters, and uric acid suggests the transporters may contribute to the regulation of a healthy central nervous system in rats. Microbiome-generated metabolites were found to be elevated in dKO rat plasma and CSF. The altered dKO metabolome appeared to cause compensatory transcriptional change in urate biosynthesis and response to lipopolysaccharide in brain, oxidation-reduction processes and response to oxidative stress and porphyrin biosynthesis in kidney, and circadian rhythm genes in liver. These findings present insight into endogenous functions of Bcrp and Pgp, the impact that transporter substrates, inhibitors or polymorphisms may have on metabolism, how transporter inhibition could rewire drug sensitivity indirectly through metabolic changes, and identify functional Bcrp biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samit Ganguly
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Track, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Timothy I. Shaw
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Kimberly M. Zorn
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kazuto Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yu Fukuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - John D. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Erin G. Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Pucci C, Martinelli C, Degl'Innocenti A, Desii A, De Pasquale D, Ciofani G. Light-Activated Biomedical Applications of Chlorophyll Derivatives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100181. [PMID: 34212510 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tetrapyrroles are the basis of essential physiological functions in most living organisms. These compounds represent the basic scaffold of porphyrins, chlorophylls, and bacteriochlorophylls, among others. Chlorophyll derivatives, obtained by the natural or artificial degradation of chlorophylls, present unique properties, holding great potential in the scientific and medical fields. Indeed, they can act as cancer-preventing agents, antimutagens, apoptosis inducers, efficient antioxidants, as well as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory molecules. Moreover, thanks to their peculiar optical properties, they can be exploited as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and as vision enhancers. Most of these molecules, however, are highly hydrophobic and poorly soluble in biological fluids, and may display undesired toxicity due to accumulation in healthy tissues. The advent of nanomedicine has prompted the development of nanoparticles acting as carriers for chlorophyll derivatives, facilitating their targeted administration with demonstrated applicability in diagnosis and therapy. In this review, the chemical and physical properties of chlorophyll derivatives that justify their usage in the biomedical field, with particular regard to light-activated dynamics are described. Their role as antioxidants and photoactive agents are discussed, introducing the most recent nanomedical applications and focusing on inorganic and organic nanocarriers exploited in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Pucci
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Chiara Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Degl'Innocenti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Andrea Desii
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Daniele De Pasquale
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
| | - Gianni Ciofani
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Smart Bio-Interfaces, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, Pisa, 56025, Italy
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Terasaki T. [Development of Novel Methodology and Its Application for Clarifying the Transport Function of the Blood-brain Barrier]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:447-462. [PMID: 33790111 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of brain capillary endothelial cells linked by tight junctions and serves to regulate the transfer of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics between the circulating blood and brain interstitial fluid. We have developed a methodology to characterize brain-to-blood efflux transport in vivo, using the Brain Efflux Index and an in vitro culture model of the BBB, i.e., a conditionally immortalized cell line of the neurovascular unit. Employing these methods, we showed that the BBB plays an important role in protecting the brain by transporting neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, metabolites, uremic toxins, and xenobiotics together with atrial natriuretic peptide from the brain interstitial fluid to the circulating blood. We also developed a highly selective, sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous protein quantification. We found significant species differences in the expression amounts of various BBB transporter proteins among mice, rats, marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans. Among transporter proteins at the BBB, multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mdr1/Abcb1) is known to generate a concentration gradient of unbound substrate drugs between the blood and brain. Based on measurements of the intrinsic efflux transport rate of Mdr1 and the protein expression amounts of Mdr1 in mouse brain capillaries and Mdr1-expressing cell lines, we predicted the unbound drug concentration gradients of 7 drugs in the mouse brain in vivo. This was the first successful prediction of in vivo drug transport activity from in vitro experimental data and transporter protein concentration in tissues. This methodology and findings should greatly advance central nervous system barrier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Terasaki
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeing Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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Prajapati M, Conboy HL, Hojyo S, Fukada T, Budnik B, Bartnikas TB. Biliary excretion of excess iron in mice requires hepatocyte iron import by Slc39a14. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100835. [PMID: 34051234 PMCID: PMC8214222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential for erythropoiesis and other biological processes, but is toxic in excess. Dietary absorption of iron is a highly regulated process and is a major determinant of body iron levels. Iron excretion, however, is considered a passive, unregulated process, and the underlying pathways are unknown. Here we investigated the role of metal transporters SLC39A14 and SLC30A10 in biliary iron excretion. While SLC39A14 imports manganese into the liver and other organs under physiological conditions, it imports iron under conditions of iron excess. SLC30A10 exports manganese from hepatocytes into the bile. We hypothesized that biliary excretion of excess iron would be impaired by SLC39A14 and SLC30A10 deficiency. We therefore analyzed biliary iron excretion in Slc39a14-and Slc30a10-deficient mice raised on iron-sufficient and -rich diets. Bile was collected surgically from the mice, then analyzed with nonheme iron assays, mass spectrometry, ELISAs, and an electrophoretic assay for iron-loaded ferritin. Our results support a model in which biliary excretion of excess iron requires iron import into hepatocytes by SLC39A14, followed by iron export into the bile predominantly as ferritin, with iron export occurring independently of SLC30A10. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a molecular determinant of mammalian iron excretion and can serve as basis for future investigations into mechanisms of iron excretion and relevance to iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Heather L Conboy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukada
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bogdan Budnik
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Resource Laboratory, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas B Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Wen X, Kozlosky D, Zhang R, Doherty C, Buckley B, Barrett E, Aleksunes LM. BCRP/ ABCG2 Transporter Regulates Accumulation of Cadmium in Kidney Cells: Role of the Q141K Variant in Modulating Nephrotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:629-637. [PMID: 34074729 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental pollutant cadmium is ubiquitous, as it is present in cigarette smoke and the food supply. Over time, cadmium enters and accumulates in the kidneys, where it causes tubular injury. The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ATP-Binding Cassette G2 ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that mediates the urinary secretion of pharmaceuticals and toxins. The ABCG2 genetic variant Q141K exhibits altered membrane trafficking that results in reduced efflux of BCRP substrates. Here, we sought to 1) evaluate the in vitro and in vivo ability of BCRP to transport cadmium and protect kidney cells from toxicity and 2) determine whether this protection is impaired by the Q141K variant. Cadmium concentrations, cellular stress, and toxicity were quantified in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing an empty vector (EV), BCRP wild-type (WT), or variant (Q141K) gene. Treatment with CdCl2 resulted in greater accumulation of cadmium and apoptosis in EV cells relative to WT cells. Exposure to CdCl2 induced expression of stress-related genes and proteins including MT-1A/MT-2A, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, and heme oxygenase-1 to a higher extent in EV cells compared with WT cells. Notably, the Q141K variant protected against CdCl2-induced activation of stress genes and cytotoxicity, but this protection was to a lesser magnitude than observed with WT BCRP. Lastly, concentrations of cadmium in the kidneys of Bcrp knockout mice were 40% higher than in WT mice, confirming that cadmium is an in vivo substrate of BCRP. In conclusion, BCRP prevents the accumulation of cadmium and protects against toxicity, a response that is impaired by the Q141K variant. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The breast cancer resistance protein transporter lowers cellular accumulation of the toxic heavy metal cadmium. This protective function is partially attenuated by the Q141K genetic variant in the ABCG2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Danielle Kozlosky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Cathleen Doherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Brian Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
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49
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Blanco-Paniagua E, García-Lino AM, García-Mateos D, Álvarez AI, Merino G. Role of the Abcg2 transporter in plasma levels and tissue accumulation of the anti-inflammatory tolfenamic acid in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109537. [PMID: 34062171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter that is expressed in the apical membrane of cells from relevant tissues involved in drug pharmacokinetics such as liver, intestine, kidney, testis, brain and mammary gland, among others. Tolfenamic acid is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic in humans and animals. Recently, tolfenamic acid has been repurposed as an antitumoral drug and for use in chronic human diseases such as Alzheimer. The aim of this work was to study whether tolfenamic acid is an in vitro Abcg2 substrate, and to investigate the potential role of Abcg2 in plasma exposure, secretion into milk and tissue accumulation of this drug. Using in vitro transepithelial assays with cells transduced with Abcg2, we showed that tolfenamic acid is an in vitro substrate of Abcg2. The in vivo effect of this transporter was tested using wild-type and Abcg2-/- mice, showing that after oral and intravenous administration of tolfenamic acid, its area under the plasma concentration-time curve in Abcg2-/- mice was between 1.7 and 1.8-fold higher compared to wild-type mice. Abcg2-/- mice also showed higher liver and testis accumulation of tolfenamic acid after intravenous administration. In this study, we demonstrate that tolfenamic acid is transported in vitro by Abcg2 and that its plasma levels as well as its tissue distribution are affected by Abcg2, with potential pharmacological and toxicological consequences.
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50
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Hotz JM, Thomas JR, Katz EN, Robey RW, Horibata S, Gottesman MM. ATP-binding cassette transporters at the zebrafish blood-brain barrier and the potential utility of the zebrafish as an in vivo model. Cancer Drug Resist 2021; 4:620-633. [PMID: 34308273 PMCID: PMC8297714 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2021.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain is protected from toxins by a tightly regulated network of specialized cells, including endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocyes, and neurons, known collectively as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This selectively permeable barrier permits only the most crucial molecules essential for brain function to enter and employs a number of different mechanisms to prevent the entry of potentially harmful toxins and pathogens. In addition to a physical barrier comprised of endothelial cells that form tight junctions to restrict paracellular transport, there is an active protective mechanism made up of energy-dependent transporters that efflux compounds back into the bloodstream. Two of these ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed at the BBB: P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by the ABCB1 gene) and ABCG2 (encoded by the ABCG2 gene). Although a number of in vitro and in vivo systems have been developed to examine the role that ABC transporters play in keeping compounds out of the brain, all have inherent advantages and disadvantages. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have become a model of interest for studies of the BBB due to the similarities between the zebrafish and mammalian BBB systems. In this review, we discuss what is known about ABC transporters in zebrafish and what information is still needed before the zebrafish can be recommended as a model to elucidate the role of ABC transporters at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Hotz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna R Thomas
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily N Katz
- Zebrafish Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sachi Horibata
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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