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Zhang N, Song B, Bai P, Du L, Chen L, Xu Y, Zeng T. Perineuronal nets' role in metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E411-E421. [PMID: 39140971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00154.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs), specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures that envelop neurons, have recently been recognized as key players in the regulation of metabolism. This review explores the growing body of knowledge concerning PNNs and their role in metabolic control, drawing insights from recent research and relevant studies. The pivotal role of PNNs in the context of energy balance and whole body blood glucose is examined. This review also highlights novel findings, including the effects of astroglia, microglia, sex and gonadal hormones, nutritional regulation, circadian rhythms, and age on PNNs dynamics. These findings illuminate the complex and multifaceted role of PNNs in metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Beite Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Clinical Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Branch of National Center for Clinical Medical Research of Metabolic Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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2
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Belliveau C, Théberge S, Netto S, Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Hosdey C, Davoli MA, Hendrickson A, Hao K, Giros B, Turecki G, Alonge KM, Mechawar N. Chondroitin sulfate glycan sulfation patterns influence histochemical labeling of perineuronal nets: a comparative study of interregional distribution in human and mouse brain. Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae049. [PMID: 38995945 PMCID: PMC11257773 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a condensed subtype of extracellular matrix that form a net-like coverings around certain neurons in the brain. PNNs are primarily composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans from the lectican family that consist of CS-glycosaminoglycan side chains attached to a core protein. CS disaccharides can exist in various isoforms with different sulfation patterns. Literature suggests that CS disaccharide sulfation patterns can influence the function of PNNs as well as their labeling. This study was conducted to characterize such interregional CS disaccharide sulfation pattern differences in adult human (n = 81) and mouse (n = 19) brains. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify five different CS disaccharide sulfation patterns, which were then compared to immunolabeling of PNNs using Wisteria Floribunda Lectin (WFL) to identify CS-glycosaminoglycans and anti-aggrecan to identify CS proteoglycans. In healthy brains, significant regional and species-specific differences in CS disaccharide sulfation and single versus double-labeling pattern were identified. A secondary analysis to investigate how early-life stress impacts these PNN features discovered that although early-life stress increases WFL+ PNN density, the CS-glycosaminoglycan sulfation code and single versus double PNN-labeling distributions remained unaffected in both species. These results underscore PNN complexity in traditional research, emphasizing the need to consider their heterogeneity in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Belliveau
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Théberge
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefanie Netto
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Clémentine Hosdey
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aarun Hendrickson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Kathryn Hao
- Health and Human Sciences, University of Southern California, Zonal Avenue, Biggy St, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kimberly M Alonge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, 6875 Blvd LaSalle, H4H 1R3, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Av des Pins Ouest, H3A 1A1, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Belliveau C, Théberge S, Netto S, Rahimian R, Fakhfouri G, Hosdey C, Davoli MA, Hendrickson A, Hao K, Giros B, Turecki G, Alonge KM, Mechawar N. Chondroitin sulfate glycan sulfation patterns influence histochemical labeling of perineuronal nets: a comparative study of interregional distribution in human and mouse brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.09.579711. [PMID: 38948769 PMCID: PMC11212934 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.579711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a condensed subtype of extracellular matrix that form a net-like coverings around certain neurons in the brain. PNNs are primarily composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans from the lectican family that consist of CS-glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) side chains attached to a core protein. CS disaccharides can exist in various isoforms with different sulfation patterns. Literature suggests that CS disaccharide sulfation patterns can influence the function of PNNs as well as their labeling. This study was conducted to characterize such interregional CS disaccharide sulfation pattern differences in adult human (N = 81) and mouse (N = 19) brains. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify five different CS disaccharide sulfation patterns, which were then compared to immunolabeling of PNNs using Wisteria Floribunda Lectin (WFL) to identify CS-GAGs and anti-aggrecan to identify CS proteoglycans. In healthy brains, significant regional and species-specific differences in CS disaccharide sulfation and single versus double-labeling pattern were identified. A secondary analysis to investigate how early-life stress (ELS) impacts these PNN features discovered that although ELS increases WFL+ PNN density, the CS-GAG sulfation code and single versus double PNN-labeling distributions remained unaffected in both species. These results underscore PNN complexity in traditional research, emphasizing the need to consider their heterogeneity in future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Belliveau
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Théberge
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Stefanie Netto
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Reza Rahimian
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Gohar Fakhfouri
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Clémentine Hosdey
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Maria Antonietta Davoli
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Aarun Hendrickson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kathryn Hao
- Health and Human Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bruno Giros
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Kimberly M. Alonge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, Canada
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Mattioni L, Barbieri A, Grigoli A, Balasco L, Bozzi Y, Provenzano G. Alterations of Perineuronal Net Expression and Abnormal Social Behavior and Whisker-dependent Texture Discrimination in Mice Lacking the Autism Candidate Gene Engrailed 2. Neuroscience 2024; 546:63-74. [PMID: 38537894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
GABAergic interneurons and perineuronal nets (PNNs) are important regulators of plasticity throughout life and their dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric conditions, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). PNNs are condensed portions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are crucial for neural development and proper formation of synaptic connections. We previously showed a reduced expression of GABAergic interneuron markers in the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex of adult mice lacking the Engrailed2 gene (En2-/- mice), a mouse model of ASD. Since alterations in PNNs have been proposed as a possible pathogenic mechanism in ASD, we hypothesized that the PNN dysfunction may contribute to the neural and behavioral abnormalities of En2-/- mice. Here, we show an increase in the PNN fluorescence intensity, evaluated by Wisteria floribunda agglutinin, in brain regions involved in social behavior and somatosensory processing. In addition, we found that En2-/- mice exhibit altered texture discrimination through whiskers and display a marked decrease in the preference for social novelty. Our results raise the possibility that altered expression of PNNs, together with defects of GABAergic interneurons, might contribute to the pathogenesis of social and sensory behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mattioni
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Anna Barbieri
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Grigoli
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Luigi Balasco
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, Trento, Italy
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- CIMeC - Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Piazza della Manifattura 1, 38068 Rovereto, Trento, Italy; CNR Neuroscience Institute, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy.
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5
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Wang L, Chen HJ, Wang ZG, Ning D, Zhao W, Rat V, Lamb DC, Pang DW, Liu SL. Mapping Extracellular Space Features of Viral Encephalitis to Evaluate the Proficiency of Anti-Viral Drugs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311457. [PMID: 38243660 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular space (ECS) is an important barrier against viral attack on brain cells, and dynamic changes in ECS microstructure characteristics are closely related to the progression of viral encephalitis in the brain and the efficacy of antiviral drugs. However, mapping the precise morphological and rheological features of the ECS in viral encephalitis is still challenging so far. Here, a robust approach is developed using single-particle diffusional fingerprinting of quantum dots combined with machine learning to map ECS features in the brain and predict the efficacy of antiviral encephalitis drugs. These results demonstrated that this approach can characterize the microrheology and geometry of the brain ECS at different stages of viral infection and identify subtle changes induced by different drug treatments. This approach provides a potential platform for drug proficiency assessment and is expected to offer a reliable basis for the clinical translation of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jie Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Di Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Virgile Rat
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Don C Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) and Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Paveliev M, Egorchev AA, Musin F, Lipachev N, Melnikova A, Gimadutdinov RM, Kashipov AR, Molotkov D, Chickrin DE, Aganov AV. Perineuronal Net Microscopy: From Brain Pathology to Artificial Intelligence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4227. [PMID: 38673819 PMCID: PMC11049984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNN) are a special highly structured type of extracellular matrix encapsulating synapses on large populations of CNS neurons. PNN undergo structural changes in schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, post-traumatic conditions, and some other brain disorders. The functional role of the PNN microstructure in brain pathologies has remained largely unstudied until recently. Here, we review recent research implicating PNN microstructural changes in schizophrenia and other disorders. We further concentrate on high-resolution studies of the PNN mesh units surrounding synaptic boutons to elucidate fine structural details behind the mutual functional regulation between the ECM and the synaptic terminal. We also review some updates regarding PNN as a potential pharmacological target. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods are now arriving as a new tool that may have the potential to grasp the brain's complexity through a wide range of organization levels-from synaptic molecular events to large scale tissue rearrangements and the whole-brain connectome function. This scope matches exactly the complex role of PNN in brain physiology and pathology processes, and the first AI-assisted PNN microscopy studies have been reported. To that end, we report here on a machine learning-assisted tool for PNN mesh contour tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Paveliev
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anton A. Egorchev
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 35, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.E.); (F.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Foat Musin
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 35, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.E.); (F.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Nikita Lipachev
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 16a, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (N.L.); (A.V.A.)
| | - Anastasiia Melnikova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Karl Marx 74, Kazan 420015, Tatarstan, Russia;
| | - Rustem M. Gimadutdinov
- Institute of Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 35, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.A.E.); (F.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Aidar R. Kashipov
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.R.K.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Dmitry Molotkov
- Biomedicum Imaging Unit, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Dmitry E. Chickrin
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Systems Engineering, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 18, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (A.R.K.); (D.E.C.)
| | - Albert V. Aganov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya 16a, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan, Russia; (N.L.); (A.V.A.)
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Morphett JC, Whittaker AL, Reichelt AC, Hutchinson MR. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism contributing to affective state: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105568. [PMID: 38309496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Affective state encompasses emotional responses to our physiology and influences how we perceive and respond within our environment. In affective disorders such as depression, cognitive adaptability is challenged, and structural and functional brain changes have been identified. However, an incomplete understanding persists of the molecular and cellular mechanisms at play in affective state. An exciting area of newly appreciated importance is perineuronal nets (PNNs); a specialised component of extracellular matrix playing a critical role in neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity. A scoping review found 24 studies demonstrating that PNNs are still a developing field of research with a promising general trend for stress in adulthood to increase the intensity of PNNs, whereas stress in adolescence reduced (potentially developmentally delayed) PNN numbers and intensity, while antidepressants correlated with reduced PNN numbers. Despite promising trends, limited research underscores the need for further exploration, emphasizing behavioral outcomes for validating affective states. Understanding PNNs' role may offer therapeutic insights for depression and inform biomarker development, advancing precision medicine and enhancing well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Morphett
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia.
| | - A L Whittaker
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - A C Reichelt
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia
| | - M R Hutchinson
- School of Biomedicine, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Kaurna Country, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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8
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Sanchez B, Kraszewski P, Lee S, Cope EC. From molecules to behavior: Implications for perineuronal net remodeling in learning and memory. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 38158878 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) structures found throughout the central nervous system that regulate plasticity. They consist of a heterogeneous mix of ECM components that form lattice-like structures enwrapping the cell body and proximal dendrites of particular neurons. During development, accumulating research has shown that the closure of various critical periods of plasticity is strongly linked to experience-driven PNN formation and maturation. PNNs provide an interface for synaptic contacts within the holes of the structure, generally promoting synaptic stabilization and restricting the formation of new synaptic connections in the adult brain. In this way, they impact both synaptic structure and function, ultimately influencing higher cognitive processes. PNNs are highly plastic structures, changing their composition and distribution throughout life and in response to various experiences and memory disorders, thus serving as a substrate for experience- and disease-dependent cognitive function. In this review, we delve into the proposed mechanisms by which PNNs shape plasticity and memory function, highlighting the potential impact of their structural components, overall architecture, and dynamic remodeling on functional outcomes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Piotr Kraszewski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Sabrina Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
| | - Elise C Cope
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia, USA
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9
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Zhao F, Behnisch T. The Enigmatic CA2: Exploring the Understudied Region of the Hippocampus and Its Involvement in Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1996. [PMID: 37509636 PMCID: PMC10377725 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects both motor and non-motor functions. Although motor impairment is a prominent clinical sign of PD, additional neurological symptoms may also occur, particularly in the preclinical and prodromal stages. Among these symptoms, social cognitive impairment is common and detrimental. This article aims to review non-motor symptoms in PD patients, focusing on social cognitive deficits. It also examines the specific characteristics of the CA2 region and its involvement in social behavior, highlighting recent advances and perspectives. Additionally, this review provides critical insights into and analysis of research conducted in rodents and humans, which may help improve the understanding of the current status of putative therapeutic strategies for social cognitive dysfunction in PD and potential avenues related to the function of the hippocampal CA2 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ahmed F. QnAs with Linda Hsieh-Wilson. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307305120. [PMID: 37276414 PMCID: PMC10268301 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307305120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
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