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Schöneich C. Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1142. [PMID: 37509177 PMCID: PMC10376966 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation represents a major pathway for the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical formulations. Few specific details are available on the mechanisms that trigger oxidation reactions in these formulations, specifically with respect to the formation of free radicals. Hence, these mechanisms must be formulated based on information on impurities and stress factors resulting from manufacturing, transportation and storage. In more detail, this article focusses on autoxidation, metal-catalyzed oxidation, photo-degradation and radicals generated from cavitation as a result of mechanical stress. Emphasis is placed on probable rather than theoretically possible pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2093 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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2
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Radi R. Interplay of carbon dioxide and peroxide metabolism in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102358. [PMID: 35961463 PMCID: PMC9485056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbon dioxide/bicarbonate (CO2/HCO3-) molecular pair is ubiquitous in mammalian cells and tissues, mainly as a result of oxidative decarboxylation reactions that occur during intermediary metabolism. CO2 is in rapid equilibrium with HCO3-via the hydration reaction catalyzed by carbonic anhydrases. Far from being an inert compound in redox biology, CO2 enhances or redirects the reactivity of peroxides, modulating the velocity, extent, and type of one- and two-electron oxidation reactions mediated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH). Herein, we review the biochemical mechanisms by which CO2 engages in peroxide-dependent reactions, free radical production, redox signaling, and oxidative damage. First, we cover the metabolic formation of CO2 and its connection to peroxide formation and decomposition. Next, the reaction mechanisms, kinetics, and processes by which the CO2/peroxide interplay modulates mammalian cell redox biology are scrutinized in-depth. Importantly, CO2 also regulates gene expression related to redox and nitric oxide metabolism and as such influences oxidative and inflammatory processes. Accumulated biochemical evidence in vitro, in cellula, and in vivo unambiguously show that the CO2 and peroxide metabolic pathways are intertwined and together participate in key redox events in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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3
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Uppalapati SR, Vazquez-Torres A. Manganese Utilization in Salmonella Pathogenesis: Beyond the Canonical Antioxidant Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:924925. [PMID: 35903545 PMCID: PMC9315381 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.924925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metal ion manganese (Mn2+) is equally coveted by hosts and bacterial pathogens. The host restricts Mn2+ in the gastrointestinal tract and Salmonella-containing vacuoles, as part of a process generally known as nutritional immunity. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium counteract Mn2+ limitation using a plethora of metal importers, whose expression is under elaborate transcriptional and posttranscriptional control. Mn2+ serves as cofactor for a variety of enzymes involved in antioxidant defense or central metabolism. Because of its thermodynamic stability and low reactivity, bacterial pathogens may favor Mn2+-cofactored metalloenzymes during periods of oxidative stress. This divalent metal catalyzes metabolic flow through lower glycolysis, reductive tricarboxylic acid and the pentose phosphate pathway, thereby providing energetic, redox and biosynthetic outputs associated with the resistance of Salmonella to reactive oxygen species generated in the respiratory burst of professional phagocytic cells. Combined, the oxyradical-detoxifying properties of Mn2+ together with the ability of this divalent metal cation to support central metabolism help Salmonella colonize the mammalian gut and establish systemic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva R. Uppalapati
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Siva R. Uppalapati, ; Andres Vazquez-Torres,
| | - Andres Vazquez-Torres
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Siva R. Uppalapati, ; Andres Vazquez-Torres,
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4
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Feng Y, Liu Y, Ma X, Xu L, Ding D, Chen L, Wang Z, Qin R, Sun W, Chen H. Intracellular marriage of bicarbonate and Mn ions as "immune ion reactors" to regulate redox homeostasis and enhanced antitumor immune responses. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:193. [PMID: 35440088 PMCID: PMC9020034 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Different from Fe ions in Fenton reaction, Mn ions can function both as catalyst for chemodynamic therapy and immune adjuvant for antitumor immune responses. In Mn-mediated Fenton-like reaction, bicarbonate (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$\end{document}HCO3-), as the most important component to amplify therapeutic effects, must be present, however, intracellular \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$\end{document}HCO3- is strictly limited because of the tight control by live cells. Results Herein, Stimuli-responsive manganese carbonate-indocyanine green complexes (MnCO3-ICG) were designed for intracellular marriage of bicarbonate and Mn ions as “immune ion reactors” to regulate intracellular redox homeostasis and antitumor immune responses. Under the tumor acidic environment, the biodegradable complex can release “ion reactors” of Mn2+ and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$\end{document}HCO3-, and ICG in the cytoplasm. The suddenly increased \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$\end{document}HCO3- in situ inside the cells regulate intracellular pH, and accelerate the generation of hydroxyl radicals for the oxidative stress damage of tumors cells because \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }$$\end{document}HCO3- play a critical role to catalyze Mn-mediated Fenton-like reaction. Investigations in vitro and in vivo prove that the both CDT and phototherapy combined with Mn2+-enhanced immunotherapy effectively suppress tumor growth and realize complete tumor elimination. Conclusions The combination therapy strategy with the help of novel immune adjuvants would produce an enhanced immune response, and be used for the treatment of deep tumors in situ. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01404-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dandan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zongzhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ruixue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Hongmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics and Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Anshuman Gogoi, Linkon Bharali. Conversion of Glycine to Oxalate in Presence of CuSO4⋅5H2O and Isonicotinamide. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023622050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
![]()
We
report a computational study of the little-studied neutral bisulfite,
bisulfate, dihydro-phosphite, and dihydro-phosphate radicals (HSOx•, H2POx•, x =
3,4), calling special attention to their various tautomeric structures
together with pKa values estimated from
the Gibbs free energies of their dissociations (at the G4 and CAM-B3LYP
levels of density functional theory). The energetics of microhydration
clusters with up to four water molecules for the S-based species and
up to eight water molecules for the P-based species were investigated.
The number of microhydrating water molecules needed to induce spontaneous
de-protonation is found to correlate the acid strength of each radical.
According to the computed Gibbs free reaction and activation energies,
S- and P-centered radicals preferentially add to the double bond of
propene (a lipid model), whereas the O-centered radical tautomers
prefer H-abstraction. The likely downstream reactions of these radicals
in biological media are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Tallulah Hutson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alice Missio
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
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Nami F, Mojarrad AG, Zakavi S. Short time biomimetic oxidation of styrene with aqueous hydrogen peroxide: Crucial roles played by acetic acid. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Zhou X, Chen X, An Y, Lu H, Wang L, Xu H, Tian B, Zhao Y, Hua Y. Biochemical characterization of a unique DNA polymerase A from the extreme radioresistant organism Deinococcus radiodurans. Biochimie 2021; 185:22-32. [PMID: 33727139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans survives extraordinary doses of ionizing radiation and desiccation that cause numerous DNA strand breaks. D. radiodurans DNA polymerase A (DrPolA) is essential for reassembling the shattered genome, while its biochemical property has not been fully demonstrated. In this study, we systematically examined the enzymatic activities of DrPolA and characterized its unique features. DrPolA contains an N-terminal nuclease domain (DrPolA-NTD) and a C-terminal Klenow fragment (KlenDr). Compared with the Klenow fragment of E. coli Pol I, KlenDr shows higher fidelity despite the lacking of 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity and prefers double-strand DNA rather than Primer-Template substrates. Apart from the well-annotated 5'-3' exonuclease and flap endonuclease activities, DrPolA-NTD displays approximately 140-fold higher gap endonuclease activity than its homolog in E. coli and Human FEN1. Its 5'-3' exonuclease activity on ssDNA, gap endonuclease, and Holliday junction cleavage activities are greatly enhanced by Mn2+. The DrPolA-NTD deficient strain shows increased sensitivity to UV and gamma-ray radiation. Collectively, our results reveal distinct biochemical characteristics of DrPolA during DNA degradation and re-synthesis, which provide new insight into the outstanding DNA repair capacity of D. radiodurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Zhou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ying An
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Huizhi Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Liangyan Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Hong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Bing Tian
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yuejin Hua
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
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9
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Walton JC. Dissociations of free radicals to generate protons, electrophiles or nucleophiles: role in DNA strand breaks. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7496-7512. [PMID: 34019058 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The concept behind the research described in this article was that of marrying the 'soft' methods of radical generation with the effectiveness and flexibility of nucleophile/electrophile synthetic procedures. Classic studies with pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis had shown that free radicals could be more acidic than their closed shell counterparts. QM computations harmonised with this and helped to define which radical centres and which structural types were most effective. Radicals based on the sulfonic acid moiety and on the Meldrum's acid moiety (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione) were found to be extreme examples in the superacid class. The ethyne unit could be used as a very effective spacer between the radical centre and the site of proton donation. The key factor in promoting acidity was understood to be the thermodynamic stabilisation of the conjugate anion-radicals released on deprotonation. Solvation played a key part in promoting this and theoretical microhydration studies provided notable support. A corollary was that heterolytic dissociations of free radicals to yield either electrophiles or nucleophiles were also enhanced relative to non-radical models. The most effective radical types for spontaneous releases of both these types of reagents were identified. Ethyne units were again effective as spacers. The enhancement of release of phosphate anions by adjacent radical centres was an important special case. Reactive oxygen species and also diradicals from endiyne antibiotics generate C4'-deoxyribose radicals from nucleotides. Radicals of these types spontaneously release phosphate and triphosphate and this is a contributor to DNA and RNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Walton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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10
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Stefan A, Gentilucci L, Piaz FD, D'Alessio F, Santino F, Hochkoeppler A. Purification from Deinococcus radiodurans of a 66 kDa ABC transporter acting on peptides containing at least 3 amino acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:869-875. [PMID: 32819591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans is a Gram positive bacterium the capability of which to withstand high doses of ionizing radiations is well known. Physiologically speaking, D. radiodurans is a proteolytic prokaryote able to express and secrete quite a number of proteases, and to use amino acids as an energy source. When considering this, it is surprising that little information is available on the biochemical components responsible for the uptake of peptides in D. radiodurans. Here we report on the purification and characterization of an ABC peptide transporter, isolated from D. radiodurans cells grown in tryptone-glucose-yeast extract (TGY) medium. In particular, we show here that the action of this transporter (denoted DR1571, SwissProt data bank accession number Q9RU24 UF71_DEIRA) is exerted on peptides containing at least 3 amino acids. Further, using tetra-peptides as model systems, we were able to observe that the DR1571 protein does not bind to peptides containing phenylalanine or valine, but associates with high efficiency to tetra-glycine, and with moderate affinity to tetra-peptides containing arginine or aspartate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Stefan
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Federico D'Alessio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Santino
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, Italy; CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, (FI), Italy.
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Harbison-Price N, Ferguson SA, Heikal A, Taiaroa G, Hards K, Nakatani Y, Rennison D, Brimble MA, El-Deeb IM, Bohlmann L, McDevitt CA, von Itzstein M, Walker MJ, Cook GM. Multiple Bactericidal Mechanisms of the Zinc Ionophore PBT2. mSphere 2020; 5:e00157-20. [PMID: 32188750 PMCID: PMC7082140 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00157-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more antimicrobials are used in food-producing animals than in humans, and the extensive use of medically important human antimicrobials poses a significant public health threat in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The development of novel ionophores, a class of antimicrobials used exclusively in animals, holds promise as a strategy to replace or reduce essential human antimicrobials in veterinary practice. PBT2 is a zinc ionophore with recently demonstrated antibacterial activity against several Gram-positive pathogens, although the underlying mechanism of action is unknown. Here, we investigated the bactericidal mechanism of PBT2 in the bovine mastitis-causing pathogen, Streptococcus uberis In this work, we show that PBT2 functions as a Zn2+/H+ ionophore, exchanging extracellular zinc for intracellular protons in an electroneutral process that leads to cellular zinc accumulation. Zinc accumulation occurs concomitantly with manganese depletion and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). PBT2 inhibits the activity of the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, SodA, thereby impairing oxidative stress protection. We propose that PBT2-mediated intracellular zinc toxicity in S. uberis leads to lethality through multiple bactericidal mechanisms: the production of toxic ROS and the impairment of manganese-dependent antioxidant functions. Collectively, these data show that PBT2 represents a new class of antibacterial ionophores capable of targeting bacterial metal ion homeostasis and cellular redox balance. We propose that this novel and multitarget mechanism of PBT2 makes the development of cross-resistance to medically important antimicrobials unlikely.IMPORTANCE More antimicrobials are used in food-producing animals than in humans, and the extensive use of medically important human antimicrobials poses a significant public health threat in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the elimination of antimicrobial crossover between human and veterinary medicine is of great interest. Unfortunately, the development of new antimicrobials is an expensive high-risk process fraught with difficulties. The repurposing of chemical agents provides a solution to this problem, and while many have not been originally developed as antimicrobials, they have been proven safe in clinical trials. PBT2, a zinc ionophore, is an experimental therapeutic that met safety criteria but failed efficacy checkpoints against both Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. It was recently found that PBT2 possessed potent antimicrobial activity, although the mechanism of bacterial cell death is unresolved. In this body of work, we show that PBT2 has multiple mechanisms of antimicrobial action, making the development of PBT2 resistance unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A Ferguson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Adam Heikal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George Taiaroa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kiel Hards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yoshio Nakatani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Rennison
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Lisa Bohlmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mark J Walker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory M Cook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Borsetti F, Dal Piaz F, D'Alessio F, Stefan A, Brandimarti R, Sarkar A, Datta A, Montón Silva A, den Blaauwen T, Alberto M, Spisni E, Hochkoeppler A. Manganese is a Deinococcus radiodurans growth limiting factor in rich culture medium. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:1266-1275. [PMID: 30052171 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To understand the effects triggered by Mn2+ on Deinococcus radiodurans, the proteome patterns associated with different growth phases were investigated. In particular, under physiological conditions we tested the growth rate and the biomass yield of D. radiodurans cultured in rich medium supplemented or not with MnCl2. The addition of 2.5-5.0 µM MnCl2 to the medium neither altered the growth rate nor the lag phase, but significantly increased the biomass yield. When higher MnCl2 concentrations were used (10-250 µM), biomass was again found to be positively affected, although we did observe a concentration-dependent lag phase increase. The in vivo concentration of Mn2+ was determined in cells grown in rich medium supplemented or not with 5 µM MnCl2. By atomic absorption spectroscopy, we estimated 0.2 and 0.75 mM Mn2+ concentrations in cells grown in control and enriched medium, respectively. We qualitatively confirmed this observation using a fluorescent turn-on sensor designed to selectively detect Mn2+in vivo. Finally, we investigated the proteome composition of cells grown for 15 or 19 h in medium to which 5 µM MnCl2 was added, and we compared these proteomes with those of cells grown in the control medium. The presence of 5 µM MnCl2 in the culture medium was found to alter the pI of some proteins, suggesting that manganese affects post-translational modifications. Further, we observed that Mn2+ represses enzymes linked to nucleotide recycling, and triggers overexpression of proteases and enzymes linked to the metabolism of amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borsetti
- 1Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- 2Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano SA, Italy
| | - Federico D'Alessio
- 3Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stefan
- 3Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy.,4CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy
| | - Renato Brandimarti
- 3Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anindita Sarkar
- 5Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Ankona Datta
- 5Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Alejandro Montón Silva
- 6Bacterial Cell Biology and Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanneke den Blaauwen
- 6Bacterial Cell Biology and Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mucchi Alberto
- 7Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toson Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enzo Spisni
- 1Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandro Hochkoeppler
- 4CSGI, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino FI, Italy.,3Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Doble PA, Miklos GLG. Distributions of manganese in diverse human cancers provide insights into tumour radioresistance. Metallomics 2018; 10:1191-1210. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00110c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that measuring manganese levels in tumours of cancer patients is predictive for their radiation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Doble
- Elemental Bio-imaging Facility
- University of Technology Sydney
- Broadway
- Australia
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14
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Zhang S, Nava MJ, Chow GK, Lopez N, Wu G, Britt DR, Nocera DG, Cummins CC. On the incompatibility of lithium-O 2 battery technology with CO 2. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6117-6122. [PMID: 28989641 PMCID: PMC5625616 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When solubilized in a hexacarboxamide cryptand anion receptor, the peroxide dianion reacts rapidly with CO2 in polar aprotic organic media to produce hydroperoxycarbonate (HOOCO2-) and peroxydicarbonate (-O2COOCO2-). Peroxydicarbonate is subject to thermal fragmentation into two equivalents of the highly reactive carbonate radical anion, which promotes hydrogen atom abstraction reactions responsible for the oxidative degradation of organic solvents. The activation and conversion of the peroxide dianion by CO2 is general. Exposure of solid lithium peroxide (Li2O2) to CO2 in polar aprotic organic media results in aggressive oxidation. These findings indicate that CO2 must not be introduced in conditions relevant to typical lithium-O2 cell configurations, as production of HOOCO2- and -O2COOCO2- during lithium-O2 cell cycling will lead to cell degradation via oxidation of organic electrolytes and other vulnerable cell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Matthew J Nava
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Gary K Chow
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Nazario Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemistry , Queen's University , 90 Bader Lane , Kingston , Ontario K7L3N6 , Canada
| | - David R Britt
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Davis, One Shields Avenue , Davis , CA 95616 , USA
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , MA 02138 , USA
| | - Christopher C Cummins
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA 02139-4307 , USA . ; Tel: +1 617 253 5332
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15
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Jung KW, Lim S, Bahn YS. Microbial radiation-resistance mechanisms. J Microbiol 2017; 55:499-507. [PMID: 28664512 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms living in extreme environments have evolved a wide range of survival strategies by changing biochemical and physiological features depending on their biological niches. Interestingly, organisms exhibiting high radiation resistance have been discovered in the three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya), even though a naturally radiationintensive environment has not been found. To counteract the deleterious effects caused by radiation exposure, radiation- resistant organisms employ a series of defensive systems, such as changes in intracellular cation concentration, excellent DNA repair systems, and efficient enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Here, we overview past and recent findings about radiation-resistance mechanisms in the three domains of life for potential usage of such radiationresistant microbes in the biotechnology industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Woo Jung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Jawad A, Chen Z, Yin G. Bicarbonate activation of hydrogen peroxide: A new emerging technology for wastewater treatment. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(15)61100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Bühl M, DaBell P, Manley DW, McCaughan RP, Walton JC. Bicarbonate and Alkyl Carbonate Radicals: Structural Integrity and Reactions with Lipid Components. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:16153-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bühl
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St.
Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Peter DaBell
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St.
Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Manley
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St.
Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Rory P. McCaughan
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St.
Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - John C. Walton
- University of St. Andrews, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, St.
Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
The ancestors of Escherichia coli and Salmonella ultimately evolved to thrive in air-saturated liquids, in which oxygen levels reach 210 μM at 37°C. However, in 1976 Brown and colleagues reported that some sensitivity persists: growth defects still become apparent when hyperoxia is imposed on cultures of E. coli. This residual vulnerability was important in that it raised the prospect that normal levels of oxygen might also injure bacteria, albeit at reduced rates that are not overtly toxic. The intent of this article is both to describe the threat that molecular oxygen poses for bacteria and to detail what we currently understand about the strategies by which E. coli and Salmonella defend themselves against it. E. coli mutants that lack either superoxide dismutases or catalases and peroxidases exhibit a variety of growth defects. These phenotypes constitute the best evidence that aerobic cells continually generate intracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at potentially lethal doses. Superoxide has reduction potentials that allow it to serve in vitro as either a weak univalent reductant or a stronger univalent oxidant. The addition of micromolar hydrogen peroxide to lab media will immediately block the growth of most cells, and protracted exposure will result in the loss of viability. The need for inducible antioxidant systems seems especially obvious for enteric bacteria, which move quickly from the anaerobic gut to fully aerobic surface waters or even to ROS-perfused phagolysosomes. E. coli and Salmonella have provided two paradigmatic models of oxidative-stress responses: the SoxRS and OxyR systems.
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19
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Coady A, Xu M, Phung Q, Cheung TK, Bakalarski C, Alexander MK, Lehar SM, Kim J, Park S, Tan MW, Nishiyama M. The Staphylococcus aureus ABC-Type Manganese Transporter MntABC Is Critical for Reinitiation of Bacterial Replication Following Exposure to Phagocytic Oxidative Burst. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138350. [PMID: 26379037 PMCID: PMC4574778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese plays a central role in cellular detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, manganese acquisition is considered to be important for bacterial pathogenesis by counteracting the oxidative burst of phagocytic cells during host infection. However, detailed analysis of the interplay between bacterial manganese acquisition and phagocytic cells and its impact on bacterial pathogenesis has remained elusive for Staphylococcus aureus, a major human pathogen. Here, we show that a mntC mutant, which lacks the functional manganese transporter MntABC, was more sensitive to killing by human neutrophils but not murine macrophages, unless the mntC mutant was pre-exposed to oxidative stress. Notably, the mntC mutant formed strikingly small colonies when recovered from both type of phagocytic cells. We show that this phenotype is a direct consequence of the inability of the mntC mutant to reinitiate growth after exposure to phagocytic oxidative burst. Transcript and quantitative proteomics analyses revealed that the manganese-dependent ribonucleotide reductase complex NrdEF, which is essential for DNA synthesis and repair, was highly induced in the mntC mutant under oxidative stress conditions including after phagocytosis. Since NrdEF proteins are essential for S. aureus viability we hypothesize that cells lacking MntABC might attempt to compensate for the impaired function of NrdEF by increasing their expression. Our data suggest that besides ROS detoxification, functional manganese acquisition is likely crucial for S. aureus pathogenesis by repairing oxidative damages, thereby ensuring efficient bacterial growth after phagocytic oxidative burst, which is an attribute critical for disseminating and establishing infection in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Coady
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Qui Phung
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tommy K. Cheung
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Corey Bakalarski
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mary Kate Alexander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sophie M. Lehar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Janice Kim
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Summer Park
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mireille Nishiyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance in Deinococcus bacteria. Extremophiles 2015; 19:707-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Effectiveness of various deproteinization processes of bovine cancellous bone evaluated via mechano-biostructural properties of produced osteoconductive biomaterials. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Bruch EM, de Groot A, Un S, Tabares LC. The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on the Mn(II) speciation in Deinococcus radiodurans and the potential role of Mn(II)-orthophosphates. Metallomics 2015; 7:908-16. [PMID: 25811292 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
D. radiodurans accumulates large quantities of Mn(II), which is believed to form low molecular weight complexes with phosphate and metabolites that protect D. radiodurans from radiation damage. The concentration of Mn(II) species in D. radiodurans during the exponential and stationary phase was determined using high-field EPR and biochemical techniques. In the exponential growth phase cells a large fraction of the manganese was in the form of Mn(II)-orthophosphate complexes. By contrast, the intracellular concentration of these compounds in stationary phase cells was less than 16 μM, while that of Mn superoxide dismutase was 320 μM and that of another, yet unidentified, Mn(II) protein was 250 μM. Stationary cells were found to be equally resistant to irradiation as the exponential cells in spite of having significant lower Mn(II)-orthophosphate concentrations. Gamma irradiation induced no changes in the Mn(II) speciation. During stationary growth phase D. radiodurans favours the production of the two Mn-proteins over low molecular weight complexes suggesting that the latter were not essential for radio-resistance at this stage of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Bruch
- From the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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23
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation causes the generation of damaging reactive oxygen species that lead to cellular damage and death. Organisms such as Deinococcus radiodurans have evolved mechanisms for extreme resistance to ionizing radiation, and resistance has been shown to be a consequence of protection of critical proteins from oxidative inactivation. OBJECTIVES D. radiodurans accumulates high levels of manganese and of small peptides that together are protective. Our aim was to rationally design antioxidant peptides. METHODS Amino acid analysis was utilized to determine the rates of loss of the 20 amino acids exposed to varying doses of irradiation. The activity of glutamine synthetase and methionine sulfoxide reductase was assayed to follow their inactivation by irradiation. RESULTS The ability of an amino acid to protect enzymes from inactivation by ionizing radiation paralleled its sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Based on this observation and the ability of histidine to confer water solubility, we synthesized the hexapeptide His-Met-His-Met-His-Met and found that it provided markedly increased protection against irradiation. DISCUSSION Small peptides containing histidine and methionine were readily soluble and provided enzymes with remarkable protection from inactivation by ionizing radiation.
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24
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Felton GW, Duffey SS. Protective action of midgut catalase in lepidopteran larvae against oxidative plant defenses. J Chem Ecol 2013; 17:1715-32. [PMID: 24257916 DOI: 10.1007/bf00993724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/1991] [Accepted: 04/25/1991] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Catalase activity was detected in the midgut tissues and regurgitate of several lepidopteran pests of the tomato plant. Greatest activity in the midgut was detected in larvalHelicoverpa zea, followed bySpodoptera exigua, Manduca sexta, andHeliothis virescens. We present evidence that catalase, in addition to removing toxic hydrogen peroxide, may inhibit the oxidation of plant phenolics mediated by plant peroxidases. Small amounts of larval regurgitate significantly inhibited foliar peroxidase activity via removal of hydrogen peroxide. Treatment of foliage with purified catalase nearly eliminated peroxidase activity and was superior as a larval food source compared to untreated foliage. Tomato foliar peroxidases oxidize an array of endogenous compounds including caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, and guaiacol. The oxidized forms of these compounds are potent alkylators of dietary and/or cellular nucleophiles (e.g., thiol and amino functions of proteins, peptides, and amines). When tomato foliar protein was pretreated with peroxidase and chlorogenic acid and incorporated in artificial diet, larval growth was reduced compared to larvae fed untreated protein. Thus, the diminution of peroxidase activity and removal of hydrogen peroxide by catalase may represent an important adaptation to leaf-feeding. The secretion of catalase in salivary fluid during insect feeding is also suggested to be a potential mechanism for reducing hydrogen peroxide formation as an elicitor of inducible plant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Felton
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 95616, Davis, California
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25
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Banh A, Chavez V, Doi J, Nguyen A, Hernandez S, Ha V, Jimenez P, Espinoza F, Johnson HA. Manganese (Mn) oxidation increases intracellular Mn in Pseudomonas putida GB-1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77835. [PMID: 24147089 PMCID: PMC3798386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial manganese (Mn) oxidation plays an important role in the global biogeochemical cycling of Mn and other compounds, and the diversity and prevalence of Mn oxidizers have been well established. Despite many hypotheses of why these bacteria may oxidize Mn, the physiological reasons remain elusive. Intracellular Mn levels were determined for Pseudomonas putida GB-1 grown in the presence or absence of Mn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mn oxidizing wild type P. putida GB-1 had higher intracellular Mn than non Mn oxidizing mutants grown under the same conditions. P. putida GB-1 had a 5 fold increase in intracellular Mn compared to the non Mn oxidizing mutant P. putida GB-1-007 and a 59 fold increase in intracellular Mn compared to P. putida GB-1 ∆2665 ∆2447. The intracellular Mn is primarily associated with the less than 3 kDa fraction, suggesting it is not bound to protein. Protein oxidation levels in Mn oxidizing and non oxidizing cultures were relatively similar, yet Mn oxidation did increase survival of P. putida GB-1 when oxidatively stressed. This study is the first to link Mn oxidation to Mn homeostasis and oxidative stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Banh
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Valarie Chavez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Doi
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Allison Nguyen
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Sophia Hernandez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Vu Ha
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Peter Jimenez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Espinoza
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
| | - Hope A. Johnson
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Santos AL, Gomes NC, Henriques I, Almeida A, Correia A, Cunha A. Role of Transition Metals in UV-B-Induced Damage to Bacteria. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:640-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Santos
- Dapartment of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Newton C.M. Gomes
- Dapartment of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Isabel Henriques
- Dapartment of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Dapartment of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - António Correia
- Dapartment of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
| | - Angela Cunha
- Dapartment of Biology & CESAM; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193; Aveiro; Portugal
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27
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Tabares LC, Un S. In situ determination of manganese(II) speciation in Deinococcus radiodurans by high magnetic field EPR: detection of high levels of Mn(II) bound to proteins. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:5050-5. [PMID: 23303180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c112.444992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High magnetic field high frequency electron paramagnetic resonance techniques were used to measure in situ Mn(II) speciation in Deinococcus radiodurans, a radiation-resistant bacteria capable of accumulating high concentrations of Mn(II). It was possible to identify and quantify the evolution of Mn(II) species in intact cells at various stages of growth. Aside from water, 95-GHz high field electron nuclear double resonance showed that the Mn(II) ions are bound to histidines and phosphate groups, mostly from fructose-1,6-bisphosphate but also inorganic phosphates and nucleotides. During stationary growth phase, 285-GHz continuous wave EPR measurements showed that histidine is the most common ligand to Mn(II) and that significant amounts of cellular Mn(II) in D. radiodurans are bound to peptides and proteins. As much as 40% of the total Mn(II) was in manganese superoxide dismutase, and it is this protein and not smaller manganese complexes, as has been suggested recently, that is probably the primary defense against superoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro C Tabares
- Service de Bioénergétique, Biologie Structurale et Mécanismes, CNRS/UMR-8221, Institut de Biologie et de Technologies de Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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28
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Gaidamakova EK, Myles IA, McDaniel DP, Fowler CJ, Valdez PA, Naik S, Gayen M, Gupta P, Sharma A, Glass PJ, Maheshwari RK, Datta SK, Daly MJ. Preserving immunogenicity of lethally irradiated viral and bacterial vaccine epitopes using a radio- protective Mn2+-Peptide complex from Deinococcus. Cell Host Microbe 2013; 12:117-124. [PMID: 22817993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although pathogen inactivation by γ-radiation is an attractive approach for whole-organism vaccine development, radiation doses required to ensure sterility also destroy immunogenic protein epitopes needed to mount protective immune responses. We demonstrate the use of a reconstituted manganous peptide complex from the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans to protect protein epitopes from radiation-induced damage and uncouple it from genome damage and organism killing. The Mn(2+) complex preserved antigenic structures in aqueous preparations of bacteriophage lambda, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and Staphylococcus aureus during supralethal irradiation (25-40 kGy). An irradiated vaccine elicited both antibody and Th17 responses, and induced B and T cell-dependent protection against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in mice. Structural integrity of viruses and bacteria are shown to be preserved at radiation doses far above those which abolish infectivity. This approach could expedite vaccine production for emerging and established pathogens for which no protective vaccines exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Gaidamakova
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Ian A Myles
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dennis P McDaniel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Cedar J Fowler
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Patricia A Valdez
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shruti Naik
- Mucosal Immunology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Immunology Graduate group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manoshi Gayen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Biological Sciences Department, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Paridhi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.,Biological Sciences Department, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan-333031, India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Pamela J Glass
- Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Radha K Maheshwari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sandip K Datta
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J Daly
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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29
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Ansenberger-Fricano K, Ganini DDS, Mao M, Chatterjee S, Dallas S, Mason RP, Stadler K, Santos JH, Bonini MG. The peroxidase activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 54:116-24. [PMID: 22982047 PMCID: PMC4155036 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an integral mitochondrial protein known as a first-line antioxidant defense against superoxide radical anions produced as by-products of the electron transport chain. Recent studies have shaped the idea that by regulating the mitochondrial redox status and H(2)O(2) outflow, MnSOD acts as a fundamental regulator of cellular proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis, thereby assuming roles that extend far beyond its proposed antioxidant functions. Accordingly, allelic variations of MnSOD that have been shown to augment levels of MnSOD in mitochondria result in a 10-fold increase in prostate cancer risk. In addition, epidemiologic studies indicate that reduced glutathione peroxidase activity along with increases in H(2)O(2) further increase cancer risk in the face of MnSOD overexpression. These facts led us to hypothesize that, like its Cu,ZnSOD counterpart, MnSOD may work as a peroxidase, utilizing H(2)O(2) to promote mitochondrial damage, a known cancer risk factor. Here we report that MnSOD indeed possesses peroxidase activity that manifests in mitochondria when the enzyme is overexpressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Ansenberger-Fricano
- Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., COMRB 3020, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Douglas da Silva Ganini
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Mao Mao
- Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., COMRB 3020, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Shannon Dallas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Ronald P. Mason
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School of the UMDNJ, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Marcelo G. Bonini
- Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Ave., COMRB 3020, Chicago, IL, 60612
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
- To whom correspondence should be sent: Marcelo G. Bonini, Section of Cardiology and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 909 S. Wolcott Avenue, COMRB 1168, Chicago, IL, 60612, Telephone Number: 312-355-5948,
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Miedl M, Rogers P, Day GL, Clarke FM, Stewart GG. The Peroxide Challenge Test: A Novel Method for Holistic Near-Real Time Measurement of Beer Flavour Stability. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2011.tb00456.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Maisch T, Shimizu T, Mitra A, Heinlin J, Karrer S, Li YF, Morfill G, Zimmermann JL. Contact-free cold atmospheric plasma treatment of Deinococcus radiodurans. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 39:1367-75. [PMID: 22584820 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1137-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the sensitivity of Deinococcus radiodurans to contact-free cold atmospheric plasma treatment as part of a project to establish new efficient procedures for disinfection of inanimate surfaces. The Gram-positive D. radiodurans is one of the most resistant microorganisms worldwide. Stationary phases of D. radiodurans were exposed to cold atmospheric plasma for different time intervals or to ultraviolet C (UVC) radiation at dose rates of 0.001-0.0656 J cm⁻², respectively. A methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (MRSA) served as control for Gram-positive bacteria. The surface microdischarge plasma technology was used for generation of cold atmospheric plasma. A plasma discharge was ignited using ambient air. Surprisingly, D. radiodurans was sensitive to the cold atmospheric plasma treatment in the same range as the MRSA strain. Survival of both bacteria decreased with increasing plasma exposure times up to 6 log₁₀ cycles (>99.999 %) within 20 s of plasma treatment. In contrast, UVC radiation of both bacteria demonstrated that D. radiodurans was more resistant to UVC treatment than MRSA. Cold atmospheric plasma seems to be a promising tool for industrial and clinical purposes where time-saving is a critical point to achieve efficient disinfection of inanimate surfaces and where protection from corrosive materials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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32
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Death by protein damage in irradiated cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2012; 11:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Cotruvo JA, Stubbe J. Class I ribonucleotide reductases: metallocofactor assembly and repair in vitro and in vivo. Annu Rev Biochem 2011; 80:733-67. [PMID: 21456967 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061408-095817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of metallocofactors essential for the activity of many enyzmes is a major mechanism of posttranslational modification. The cellular machinery required for these processes in the case of mono- and dinuclear nonheme iron and manganese cofactors has remained largely elusive. In addition, many metallocofactors can be converted to inactive forms, and pathways for their repair have recently come to light. The class I ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides and require dinuclear metal clusters for activity: an Fe(III)Fe(III)-tyrosyl radical (Y•) cofactor (class Ia), a Mn(III)Mn(III)-Y• cofactor (class Ib), and a Mn(IV)Fe(III) cofactor (class Ic). The class Ia, Ib, and Ic RNRs are structurally homologous and contain almost identical metal coordination sites. Recent progress in our understanding of the mechanisms by which the cofactor of each of these RNRs is generated in vitro and in vivo and by which the damaged cofactors are repaired is providing insight into how nature prevents mismetallation and orchestrates active cluster formation in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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34
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Ghosh S, Ramirez-Peralta A, Gaidamakova E, Zhang P, Li YQ, Daly M, Setlow P. Effects of Mn levels on resistance of Bacillus megaterium spores to heat, radiation and hydrogen peroxide. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:663-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Abstract
Deinococcus radiodurans is a robust bacterium best known for its capacity to repair massive DNA damage efficiently and accurately. It is extremely resistant to many DNA-damaging agents, including ionizing radiation and UV radiation (100 to 295 nm), desiccation, and mitomycin C, which induce oxidative damage not only to DNA but also to all cellular macromolecules via the production of reactive oxygen species. The extreme resilience of D. radiodurans to oxidative stress is imparted synergistically by an efficient protection of proteins against oxidative stress and an efficient DNA repair mechanism, enhanced by functional redundancies in both systems. D. radiodurans assets for the prevention of and recovery from oxidative stress are extensively reviewed here. Radiation- and desiccation-resistant bacteria such as D. radiodurans have substantially lower protein oxidation levels than do sensitive bacteria but have similar yields of DNA double-strand breaks. These findings challenge the concept of DNA as the primary target of radiation toxicity while advancing protein damage, and the protection of proteins against oxidative damage, as a new paradigm of radiation toxicity and survival. The protection of DNA repair and other proteins against oxidative damage is imparted by enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems dominated by divalent manganese complexes. Given that oxidative stress caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species is associated with aging and cancer, a comprehensive outlook on D. radiodurans strategies of combating oxidative stress may open new avenues for antiaging and anticancer treatments. The study of the antioxidation protection in D. radiodurans is therefore of considerable potential interest for medicine and public health.
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36
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Fujishiro H, Doi M, Enomoto S, Himeno S. High sensitivity of RBL-2H3 cells to cadmium and manganese: an implication of the role of ZIP8. Metallomics 2011; 3:710-8. [PMID: 21509381 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cellular incorporation of Cd involves multiple transport systems for other metals such as Fe, Zn, Mn, and Ca. Metal transporters including divalent metal transporter 1, Zrt/Irt-related protein (ZIP) 8, and ZIP14, and certain types of voltage-dependent Ca channels have been shown to be involved in cellular Cd uptake. However, tissue- or cell-specific roles of these metal transporters in the accumulation and toxicity of Cd remains unclear. In the present study, we compared the sensitivity to and accumulation of Cd, Mn, and Zn among four types of rat cell lines. Rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells showed the highest sensitivity to Cd and Mn due to the highest accumulation of Cd and Mn among the four cell lines. The high accumulation of Cd and Mn was caused by high uptake rates of Cd and Mn. Since relatively high expression of ZIP8 and ZIP14 was found in RBL-2H3 cells, siRNAs of ZIP8 and ZIP14 were transfected into RBL-2H3 cells. The knockdown of ZIP8, but not of ZIP14, significantly reduced the uptake rates of Cd and Mn in RBL-2H3 cells, especially in the presence of bicarbonate. These results suggest that the high expression of ZIP8, which is known to have affinities for both Cd and Mn, resulted in high accumulation of Cd and Mn, leading to high sensitivity to these metals in RBL-2H3 cells. Thus, RBL-2H3 cells may serve as a good model for clarifying the mechanisms of Cd and Mn transport via ZIP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Fujishiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
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37
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CO2 exacerbates oxygen toxicity. EMBO Rep 2011; 12:321-6. [PMID: 21350502 PMCID: PMC3077260 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2011.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are harmful because they can oxidize biological macromolecules. We show here that atmospheric CO(2) (concentration range studied: 40-1,000 p.p.m.) increases death rates due to H(2)O(2) stress in Escherichia coli in a dose-specific manner. This effect is correlated with an increase in H(2)O(2)-induced mutagenesis and, as shown by 8-oxo-guanine determinations in cells, DNA base oxidation rates. Moreover, the survival of mutants that are sensitive to aerobic conditions (Hpx(-) dps and recA fur), presumably because of their inability to tolerate ROS, seems to depend on CO(2) concentration. Thus, CO(2) exacerbates ROS toxicity by increasing oxidative cellular lesions.
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Bunik VI, Schloss JV, Pinto JT, Dudareva N, Cooper AJL. A survey of oxidative paracatalytic reactions catalyzed by enzymes that generate carbanionic intermediates: implications for ROS production, cancer etiology, and neurodegenerative diseases. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 77:307-60. [PMID: 21692372 DOI: 10.1002/9780470920541.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria I Bunik
- School of Bioinformatics and Bioengineering, and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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39
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A major role for nonenzymatic antioxidant processes in the radioresistance of Halobacterium salinarum. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:1653-62. [PMID: 21278285 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01310-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) exceeds the capacity of the cell's endogenous systems to neutralize them. Our analyses of the cellular damage and oxidative stress responses of the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) revealed a critical role played by nonenzymatic antioxidant processes in the resistance of H. salinarum to IR. ROS-scavenging enzymes were essential for resistance to chemical oxidants, yet those enzymes were not necessary for H. salinarum's resistance to IR. We found that protein-free cell extracts from H. salinarum provided a high level of protection for protein activity against IR in vitro but did not protect DNA significantly. Compared with cell extracts of radiation-sensitive bacteria, H. salinarum extracts were enriched in manganese, amino acids, and peptides, supporting an essential role in ROS scavenging for those small molecules in vivo. With regard to chemical oxidants, we showed that the damage caused by gamma irradiation was mechanistically different than that produced by hydrogen peroxide or by the superoxide-generating redox-cycling drug paraquat. The data presented support the idea that IR resistance is most likely achieved by a "metabolic route," with a combination of tightly coordinated physiological processes.
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40
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Lee BC, Gladyshev VN. The biological significance of methionine sulfoxide stereochemistry. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:221-7. [PMID: 21075204 PMCID: PMC3311537 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methionine can be oxidized by reactive oxygen species to a mixture of two diastereomers, methionine-S-sulfoxide and methionine-R-sulfoxide. Both free amino acid and protein-based forms of methionine-S-sulfoxide are stereospecifically reduced by MsrA, whereas the reduction of methionine-R-sulfoxide requires two enzymes, MsrB and fRMsr, which act on its protein-based and free amino acid forms, respectively. However, mammals lack fRMsr and are characterized by deficiency in the reduction of free methionine-R-sulfoxide. The biological significance of such biased reduction of methionine sulfoxide has not been fully explored. MsrA and MsrB activities decrease during aging, leading to accumulation of protein-based and free amino acid forms of methionine sulfoxide. Since methionine is an indispensible amino acid in human nutrition and a key metabolite in sulfur, methylation, and transsulfuration pathways, the consequences of accumulation of its oxidized forms require further studies. Finally, in addition to methionine, methylsulfinyl groups are present in various drugs and natural compounds, and their differential reduction by Msrs may have important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Cheon Lee
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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41
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Bakhmutova-Albert EV, Yao H, Denevan DE, Richardson DE. Kinetics and Mechanism of Peroxymonocarbonate Formation. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:11287-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1007389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Huirong Yao
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Daniel E. Denevan
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - David E. Richardson
- Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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42
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Effects of Mn and Fe levels on Bacillus subtilis spore resistance and effects of Mn2+, other divalent cations, orthophosphate, and dipicolinic acid on protein resistance to ionizing radiation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 77:32-40. [PMID: 21057011 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01965-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spores of Bacillus subtilis strains with (wild type) or without (α(-)β(-)) most DNA-binding α/β-type small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) were prepared in medium with additional MnCl(2) concentrations of 0.3 μM to 1 mM. These haploid spores had Mn levels that varied up to 180-fold and Mn/Fe ratios that varied up to 300-fold. However, the resistance of these spores to desiccation, wet heat, dry heat, and in particular ionizing radiation was unaffected by their level of Mn or their Mn/Fe ratio; this was also the case for wild-type spore resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). However, α(-)β(-) spores were more sensitive to H(2)O(2) when they had high Mn levels and a high Mn/Fe ratio. These results suggest that Mn levels alone are not essential for wild-type bacterial spores' extreme resistance properties, in particular ionizing radiation, although high Mn levels sensitize α(-)β(-) spores to H(2)O(2), probably by repressing expression of the auxiliary DNA-protective protein MrgA. Notably, Mn(2+) complexed with the abundant spore molecule dipicolinic acid (DPA) with or without inorganic phosphate was very effective at protecting a restriction enzyme against ionizing radiation in vitro, and Ca(2+) complexed with DPA and phosphate was also very effective in this regard. These latter data suggest that protein protection in spores against treatments such as ionizing radiation that generate reactive oxygen species may be due in part to the spores' high levels of DPA conjugated to divalent metal ions, predominantly Ca(2+), much like high levels of Mn(2+) complexed with small molecules protect the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans against ionizing radiation.
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43
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Daly MJ, Gaidamakova EK, Matrosova VY, Kiang JG, Fukumoto R, Lee DY, Wehr NB, Viteri GA, Berlett BS, Levine RL. Small-molecule antioxidant proteome-shields in Deinococcus radiodurans. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12570. [PMID: 20838443 PMCID: PMC2933237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For Deinococcus radiodurans and other bacteria which are extremely resistant to ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation, a mechanistic link exists between resistance, manganese accumulation, and protein protection. We show that ultrafiltered, protein-free preparations of D. radiodurans cell extracts prevent protein oxidation at massive doses of ionizing radiation. In contrast, ultrafiltrates from ionizing radiation-sensitive bacteria were not protective. The D. radiodurans ultrafiltrate was enriched in Mn, phosphate, nucleosides and bases, and peptides. When reconstituted in vitro at concentrations approximating those in the D. radiodurans cytosol, peptides interacted synergistically with Mn2+ and orthophosphate, and preserved the activity of large, multimeric enzymes exposed to 50,000 Gy, conditions which obliterated DNA. When applied ex vivo, the D. radiodurans ultrafiltrate protected Escherichia coli cells and human Jurkat T cells from extreme cellular insults caused by ionizing radiation. By establishing that Mn2+-metabolite complexes of D. radiodurans specifically protect proteins against indirect damage caused by gamma-rays delivered in vast doses, our findings provide the basis for a new approach to radioprotection and insight into how surplus Mn budgets in cells combat reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Daly
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MJD); (RLL)
| | - Elena K. Gaidamakova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vera Y. Matrosova
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Juliann G. Kiang
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Risaku Fukumoto
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Duck-Yeon Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nancy B. Wehr
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gabriela A. Viteri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara S. Berlett
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rodney L. Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MJD); (RLL)
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44
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Lushchak OV, Bayliak MM, Korobova OV, Levine RL, Lushchak VI. Buffer modulation of menadione-induced oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Redox Rep 2010; 14:214-20. [PMID: 19843376 DOI: 10.1179/135100009x12525712409454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare, in vivo, the effects of bicarbonate and phosphate buffers on survival and menadione-induced oxidative stress in yeast cells. The latter were treated with different concentrations of menadione in the presence of these two buffers. At 25 mM concentration of buffers, menadione only slightly reduced yeast surviving; at 50 mM concentration, cell killing by menadione was much more pronounced in bicarbonate than in phosphate buffer. Although the content of protein carbonyl groups did not show development of oxidative stress under menadione-induced stress, inactivation of aconitase and decrease in glutathione level mirrored its induction. However, cellular glutathione and aconitase activity decrease did not correlate with yeast survival. In vitro, aconitase was more quickly inactivated in 50 mM carbonate, than in 50 mM phosphate buffer. The possible involvement of the carbonate radical in these processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh V Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry, Vassyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine.
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45
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Yan B, Yates Z, Balland A, Kleemann GR. Human IgG1 hinge fragmentation as the result of H2O2-mediated radical cleavage. J Biol Chem 2010; 284:35390-402. [PMID: 19850927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.064147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hinge cleavage of a recombinant human IgG1 antibody, generated during production in a Chinese hamster ovary cell culture, was observed in the purified material. The cleavage products could be reproduced by incubation of the antibody with H(2)O(2) and featured complementary ladders of the C- and N-terminal residues (Asp(226)-Lys(227)-Thr(228)-His(229)-Thr(230)) in the heavy chain of the Fab domain and the upper hinge of one of the Fc domains, respectively. Two adducts of +45 and +71 Da were also observed at the N-terminal residues of some Fc fragments and were identified as isocyanate and alpha-ketoacyl derivatives generated by radical cleavage at the alpha-carbon position through the diamide and alpha-amidation pathways. We determined that the hinge cleavage was initiated by radical-induced breakage of the disulfide bond between the two hinge cysteines at position 231 (Cys(231)-Pro-Pro-Cys-Pro), followed by the formation of a thiyl radical (Cys(231)-S(*)) on one cysteine and sulfenic acid (Cys(231)-SOH) on the other. The location of the initial radical attack and the critical role of Cys(231) were demonstrated by the observation that 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide only reacted with the Cys(231) radical and completely blocked hinge cleavage, suggesting the necessity of an electron/radical transfer from the Cys(231) radical to the hinge residues where cleavage was observed. As a precursor of hydroxyl radicals, H(2)O(2) is widely produced in healthy cells and tissues and therefore could be the source for the radical-induced fragmentation of human IgG1 antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxu Yan
- Department of Analytical and Formulation Science, Amgen Incorporated, Seattle, Washington 98119, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Manganese has emerged as an important trace element in bacterial physiology. The correlation between manganese accumulation and resistance to oxidative stress has led to the suggestion that, in addition to a role as a prosthetic group in superoxide dismutase, manganese could exert its antioxidant effect via non-enzymatic redox reactions. The article by Anjem et al. in the current issue of Molecular Microbiology investigates the role of manganese ions in the defence against hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. The results indicate that the redox activity of manganese is not linked to its protective effect. Instead, it is suggested that manganese replaces ferrous iron in enzymes that contain divalent cations at their active site. This enables the cell to avoid oxidative stress associated with iron release in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair G McEwan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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47
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Anjem A, Varghese S, Imlay JA. Manganese import is a key element of the OxyR response to hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2009; 72:844-58. [PMID: 19400769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Very little manganese is imported into Escherichia coli under routine growth conditions: the import system is weakly expressed, the manganese content is low, and a manganese-dependent enzyme is not correctly metallated. Mutants that lack MntH, the importer, grow at wild-type rates, indicating that manganese plays no critical role. However, MntH supports the growth of iron-deficient cells, suggesting that manganese can substitute for iron in activating at least some metalloenzymes. MntH is also strongly induced when cells are stressed by hydrogen peroxide. This adaptation is essential, as E. coli cannot tolerate peroxide stress if mntH is deleted. Other workers have observed that manganese improves the ability of a variety of microbes to tolerate oxidative stress, and the prevailing hypothesis is that manganese does so by chemically scavenging hydrogen peroxide and/or superoxide. We found that manganese does not protect peroxide-stressed cells by scavenging peroxide. Instead, the beneficial effects of manganese correlate with its ability to metallate mononuclear enzymes. Because iron-loaded enzymes are vulnerable to the Fenton reaction, the substitution of manganese may prevent protein damage. Accordingly, during H2O2 stress, mutants that cannot import manganese and/or are unable to sequester iron suffer high rates of protein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Anjem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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48
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Daly MJ. A new perspective on radiation resistance based on Deinococcus radiodurans. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7:237-45. [PMID: 19172147 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In classical models of radiation toxicity, DNA is the molecule that is most affected by ionizing radiation (IR). However, recent data show that the amount of protein damage caused during irradiation of bacteria is better related to survival than to DNA damage. In this Opinion article, a new model is presented in which proteins are the most important target in the hierarchy of macromolecules affected by IR. A first line of defence against IR in extremely radiation-resistant bacteria might be the accumulation of manganese complexes, which can prevent the production of iron-dependent reactive oxygen species. This would allow an irradiated cell to protect sufficient enzymatic activity needed to repair DNA and survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Daly
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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49
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Abstract
Life evolved in an anaerobic world; therefore, fundamental enzymatic mechanisms and biochemical pathways were refined and integrated into metabolism in the absence of any selective pressure to avoid reactivity with oxygen. After photosystem II appeared, environmental oxygen levels rose very slowly. During this time, microorganisms acquired oxygen tolerance by jettisoning enzymes that use glycyl radicals and exposed low-potential iron-sulfur clusters, which can be directly poisoned by oxygen. They also developed mechanisms to defend themselves against superoxide (O(2)()) and hydrogen peroxide, partially reduced oxygen species that are generated as inadvertent by-products of aerobic metabolism. Contemporary organisms have inherited both the vulnerabilities and the defenses of these ancestral microbes. Current research seeks to identify these, and bacteria comprise an exceptionally accessible experimental system that has provided many of the answers. This manuscript reviews recent developments and identifies remaining puzzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Imlay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Life evolved in an anaerobic world; therefore, fundamental enzymatic mechanisms and biochemical pathways were refined and integrated into metabolism in the absence of any selective pressure to avoid reactivity with oxygen. After photosystem II appeared, environmental oxygen levels rose very slowly. During this time, microorganisms acquired oxygen tolerance by jettisoning enzymes that use glycyl radicals and exposed low-potential iron-sulfur clusters, which can be directly poisoned by oxygen. They also developed mechanisms to defend themselves against superoxide (O(2)()) and hydrogen peroxide, partially reduced oxygen species that are generated as inadvertent by-products of aerobic metabolism. Contemporary organisms have inherited both the vulnerabilities and the defenses of these ancestral microbes. Current research seeks to identify these, and bacteria comprise an exceptionally accessible experimental system that has provided many of the answers. This manuscript reviews recent developments and identifies remaining puzzles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Imlay
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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